HUMSS 11

Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11

Quarter 3 – Module 3: The Meaning and Context of the Term Government and
Governance
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other
things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Elmer A. Rodaje

Editor: Gerolyn A. Postrano
Reviewers:
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Elmer A. Rodaje
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
 Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City

Philippine Politics 11
and Governance

Quarter 3

Self-Learning Module 3
The Meaning and Context of the Term
Government and Governance
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Grade 11 Self-Learning

Module on The Meaning and Context of the Term Government and Governance!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by
its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs,
namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and
Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This containshelpful tips or strategies
that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Self-Learning Module on The

Meaning and Context of the Term Government and Governance!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge

and skills that you will learn after completing the
module.
 Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills
that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the

lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATION S

This is your self-instructional learner module in Philippines Politics and

Governance. All the activities provided in this lesson will help you learn
and understand: The Meaning and Context of the Term Government and
Governance

You are expected to learn the following:

1. define government and governance

2. explain the interrelation of governments and governance
3. differentiate government from governance
 PRETEST

Directions: Choose which quality is represented as a good leader in the

following statements.

1. I tell the truth to people, so they would trust me more. _____________

Honesty – public speaking – communication – presenting
2. I assign tasks and responsibilities to other people, to help me
reaching a goal. ___________________
Confidence – Commitment – Intuition – Delegating
3. I think about the best possible way to reach the goals of my
team._____________
Motivator –Strategic – Intuition – Friendly
4. I do an effort to keep good contacts with the people around me and
the people I work with._____________________
Relationship building – Friendly – Assertive – care for others
5. I can convince others of my ideas, goals and
motivations._____________ Sense of humor – Persuasion –
Integrity – Open

RECAP

Social sciences study how people interact with and relate to one
another. Political science, with its emphasis on political systems and the
distribution of power, falls into this larger academic category. A
multidisciplinary field, political science draws from some other social
sciences or disciplines; including, society, culture, and history.
Please write a statement on how political science is related to the
following:

1. Political Science and Society:

____________________________________.
2. Political Science and Culture:
____________________________________.
3. Political Science and History:
____________________________________.
 LESSON

Government vs Governance

Government and governance are two very similar words. People

often get confused about the differences between “governance” and
“government.” Here we are going to discuss the differences between
these two related words. To understand the differences between
government and governance, one can take the example of a business
which is handled by a person or group of persons (called partners or
owners). The way they run the business with the help of employees
applying their knowledge and experience is called management. In a
similar manner, government is the elected body of representatives
headed by a person. This body has the mandate to rule or govern people.
And the manner in which they use the established system and principles
to run the affairs of the country is called governance.

The Institute on Governance defines governance as the process

whereby societies or organizations make their important decisions,
determine who has voice, who is engaged in the process and how account
is rendered. (IOG, 2006) The Institute also provides a framework to further
establish the concept of governance as shown below.

The need for governance exists anytime a group of people come

together to accomplish an end. Most agree that the central component of
governance is decision making. It is the process through which this group
of people make decisions that direct their collective efforts. (See figure 1)

Source: Institute of Governance http://www.iog.ca/

If the group is too large to efficiently make all necessary decisions, it

creates an entity to facilitate the process. Group members delegate a
large portion of the decision-making responsibility to this entity. In
voluntary sector organizations this entity is the board of directors. One
simple definition of governance is "the art of steering societies and
organizations."

Governance is about the more strategic aspects of steering, making

the larger decisions about both direction and roles. Some observers
criticize this definition as being too simple. Steering suggests that
governance is a straightforward process, akin to a steersman in a boat.
These critics assert that governance is neither simple nor neat — by
nature it may be messy, tentative, unpredictable and fluid. Governance is
complicated by the fact that it involves multiple actors, not a single
helmsman. These multiple actors are the organization's stakeholders. (See
figure 2) They articulate their interests; influence how decisions are made,
who the decision-makers are and what decisions are taken.

Decision-makers must absorb this input into the decision-making process. Decision-makers are then accountable to
those same stakeholders for the organization's output and the process of producing it. see Fig.3

Government

Government is a group of people who rule or run the

administration of a country. In other words, it may be said that a
government is the body of representatives that governs and controls the
state at a given time. Government is the medium through which the power
of the state is employed. Government may be of different types. It may be
a democracy or autocracy, but most of the modern governments are
democratic. Here we are taking into consideration the democratic ones in
relation with the government. A democratic government may be defined
as that which has the public mandate to run the affairs of the country with
a well-defined term after which in the successive term the same people
may be elected again. If a government provides capable governance, then
it has a chance of coming back into power again.

Governance

The concept of “governance” is as old as human civilization. Governance

was defined as “the process of decision-making and the process by which
decisions are implemented (or not implemented)”. Governance can be
viewed in the following context: corporate governance, international
governance, national governance and local governance (UNESCO for Asia
and the Pacific). Good governance assures that corruption is minimized,
the views of minorities are taken into account and that the voices of the
most vulnerable in society are heard in decision-making. It is also
responsive to the present and future needs of society.

8 Characteristics of Good Governance

1. Participation: All men and women should have a voice in

decisionmaking, either directly or through legitimate intermediate
institutions that represent their interests. Such broad participation is
built on freedom of association and speech, as well as capacities to
participate constructively.
 2. Rule of law: Legal frameworks should be fair and enforced
impartially, particularly the laws on human rights.
3. Transparency: Transparency is built on the free flow of information.
Processes, institutions and information are directly accessible to
those concerned with them, and enough information is provided to
understand and monitor them.
4. Responsiveness: Institutions and processes try to serve all
stakeholders.
5. Consensus orientation: Good governance mediates differing
interests to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interests
of the group and,. Where possible, on policies and procedures.
6. Equity: All men and women have opportunities to improve or
maintain their well-being.
7. Effectiveness and efficiency: Processes and institutions produce
results that meet needs while making the best use of resources.
8. Accountability: Decision-makers in government, the private sector
and civil society organizations are accountable to the public, as well
as to institutional stakeholders. This accountability differs depending
on the organizations and whether the decision is internal or external
to an organization.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
Directions: Based on your understanding of government and governance,
accomplish the concept map by choosing your answers on box below.

Superstructure Performance rules outcome

Decision goals roles
Functionality coordination implementation
 WRAP-UP

Directions: Read the following quotation. State your understanding about

the quote that you have chosen. Outline your ideas using the description
idea-map below:

1. “ A state is better governed which has but few laws, and those laws
strictly observed.”
2. “ People had lost trust in governance. Getting back that trust, instilling
a sense of hope and belief that good governance and development
would be back on track, is my biggest achievement.”
3. “ I have said it previously and saying it again... my government will
work for betterment of all, irrespective of caste or religion.”

Topic: (the quote that you chose)

Detail # 1

Detail # 2

Detail # 3
 VALUING
Directions: Relate the insights gained to your real-life scenarios.
Answer the questions below as honestly as possible. Write your answer in
your notebook.

1. How will you apply the concepts and perspectives of governance

to a variety of real-world situations?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read carefully each item and write T if you think the statement
is correct or F if you think otherwise.

1. Government is the medium through which the power of the state is

employed. __________
2. Governance is how society or groups within it, organize to make
decisions. __________
3. An autocratic government may be defined as that which has the
public mandate to run the affairs of the country with a well-defined
term after which in the successive term the same people may be
elected again. __________
4. Good governance is the decline in institutional integrity and
capacity, aggravated by arbitrary actions and further compromised
by a conflict of interests. __________
5. The Philippine government takes place in an organized framework of
a presidential, representative, and democratic republic whereby the
president is both the head of state and the head of
government__________