Unit-4 Ch 13 Health and Safety at workplace

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. Workplace safety is essential in organisation
(a) to avoid the accident and injury ​ (b) to increase the productivity
(c) to improve the work environment ​ (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Which of the following is not mandatory to keep the good health of an
employee?
(a) Cleanliness​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Food court
(c) Clean and fresh air​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Clean washroom
Ans. (b) Food court

Q3. The security department is not responsible for

(a) personal safety​ ​ ​ (b) computer system and equipment safety
(c) electrical safety​ ​ ​ (d) personal belongings
Ans. (d) personal belongings

Q4. The proper security procedures will increase

(a) liabilities​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) insurance
(c) business revenue​​ ​ ​ (d) operational charges of the company
Ans. (c) business revenue

Q5. Which kind of hazards can occur in the IT industry?

(a) Biological​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Chemical
(c) Physical​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Ergonomic
Ans. (d) Ergonomic

Q6. Which of the following can cause hazards while using computers?
(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position
(b) Lifting heavy object
(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment
(d) Improper handling of office equipment
Ans. (a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position
Q7. Which of the following statements is likely to result in an injury to the operator?
(a) Selecting the right tool for the job ​ (b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses
(c) Using a tool with loose handles ​ (d) Keeping cutting tools sharp
Ans. (c) Using a tool with loose handles

Q8. What are the potential cause of hazards at workplace?

(a) Poor ventilation​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Poor lighting
(c) Poor housekeeping ​ ​ ​ (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social well
being.
2. The work places must be cleaned in the morning before the people start
working.
3. A proper air conditioning provide clean and cool air at the workplace.
4.A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the health of the employee.
5. The work environment of the organisation must be safe and free from
hazards and risks.
6. The proper security procedures will increase the business revenue and will
reduce the operational charges of the company.
7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy
on Occupational Health and Safety.
8. Physical hazards occurs due to physical work environment.
9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact with live
wires, or indirect contact through a conductor.
10. Hazards while using computers occurs due to poor sitting postures or
excessive duration of sitting in one position.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The employer and employees are responsible for workplace safety. True
2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor immediately. True
3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured person should receive
medical attention. True
4. While working with machines and equipment, employees must follow the
safety guidelines set by the company. True
5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems.
True
6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the
mouth and ears. False
7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment can control the
hazards at workplace. True
8. Do not throw rubbish daily. True
9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. False
10. Stress at workplace can cause hazards in today's organisation. True

D. Short answer questions:

Q1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
Ans. Health: Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social
well being. Health of an employee must be in a good condition so that the
employees will not suffer from any diseases. Every organisation must provide a
healthy and safe working environment for their employees at the workplace.
Safety: Safety at workplace refers to the work environment which is free from any
hazards and risks. A proper safety guidelines must be prepared by the company
and it should be strictly followed.
Security: Security is a kind of freedom from any potential harm. Security ensures
the safety of the people working in the organisation. Every organisation must have
a separate security department. This department should be responsible for various
security such as personal safety, computer system safety, electrical safety,
transport safety and other equipment safety.

Q2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security
programs in workplace.
Ans. Most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in workplace
are:
1. It clearly indicates the company's commitment for their employee's health and
safety.
2. It shows the performance of the business and the safety performance are
compatible with each other.
3. It clearly state that the company is not only doing the business for profits but it
is taking care of all its stake holders.
4. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through such policy.
Q3. Define hazards. List out the various workplace safety hazards.
Ans. The most common definition of hazard is ‘a danger or risk’ that is associated
with something. Something can even be considered a hazard if it would be a
trigger for causing another hazard to become present, which could hurt someone
or something in the area.
Various workplace safety hazards are:
1. Physical Hazards
2. Electrical Hazards
3. Fire Hazards
4. Ergonomic Hazards
5. Biological Hazards

Q4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.

Ans. Potential sources of hazards in an organisation are:
1. Hazards using Computers
2. Handling Office Equipment
3. Stress at Work
4. Working Environment

Q5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.

Ans. Some of the IT workplace hazards are:
1. Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position. These
hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Making the same movement repetitively can also cause muscle fatigue.
3. Glare from the computer screen can be harmful to the eyes.

Q6. What are the examples of potential hazards?

Ans. Examples of potential hazards are:
1. Hazards using Computers:
Hazards while using computers include poor sitting postures or excessive duration
of sitting in one position.
These hazards may result in pain and strain.
2. Handling Office Equipment:
Improper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. For example, sharp-
edged equipment if not handled properly, can cause cuts.
3. Stress at Work:
In an organisations, we may encounter various stress like long working hours can
be stressful and so can aggressive conflicts or arguments with colleagues.
4. Working Environment:
Potential hazards may include poor ventilation, chairs and tables of inappropriate
height, hard furniture, poor lighting, staff unaware of emergency procedures, or
poor housekeeping.

Q7. What are the workplace safety rules?

Ans. Workplace safety rules are:
A) Basic Fire safety rules in an organization are :
1) Fire escape plans must be installed at proper levels
2) Conduct regular drills
3) Smoke alarms must be placed at proper intervals
4) Keep workplace a no-smoking zone
5) Maintenance of safety equipment must be taken care of regularly
B) Falls and Slips Safety rules
1) Keep the moving area clean and clutter free.
2) Workplace must be proper ventilated receive light.
3) Wear non slippery footwear.
4) Floors must be clean and dry
5) Oil spills, dust must be immediately cleaned.
C) Electrical Safety Rules:
1) Electrical equipment used should be approved by a recognised organization.
2) Workers should be trained to handle the electric equipment safely.
3) Damaged and hazardous electrical equipment should be immediately replaced.
4) Heat emanating equipment should be kept away from the electrical equipment.

Q8. List out different safety guidelines?

Ans. Safety Guidelines are:
1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate cupboards.
2. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
3. Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery when working with machines.
4. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with some
machinery.
5. Shut down all machines before leaving for the workplace.
6. Do not play with electrical controls or switches
Q9. Describe type of emergency with example.
Ans. Various types of emergencies are there and there should be an emergency
management plan to handle the situation of emergency. Some of the types of
emergencies are as follows:
1. Chemical spills
2. Extreme heat waves
3. Droughts
4. Pandemics
5. Terrorist attack
6. Fire
7. Floods
8. Thunderstorms
9. Leakage of some hazardous gas/ chemical

Ch-14 Workplace Quality Measures

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must
have
(a) Cleanliness​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Filtered water
(c) Clean wash-room ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the

(a) dust in the surrounding air​ ​ (b) mixture of solid particles
(c) gases​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) All of above
Ans. (d) All of above

Q3. Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your

(a) neck​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) shoulder
(c) wrist or fingers​ ​ ​ ​ (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above
Q4. The security department organisation is not responsible for
(a) other safety​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) computer system safety
(c) electrical safety​ ​ ​ ​ (d) transport safety
Ans. There is no correct answer as security department is responsible for all the
safety listed above.

Q5. For an organisation, the proper security procedures will increase

(a) liabilities​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) insurance
(c) business revenue​​ ​ ​ (d) operational charges of the company
Ans. (c) business revenue​

Q6. Do not wear, when working with machines.

(a) jewellery​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) safety glasses
(c) masks​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) gloves
Ans. (a) jewellery

Q7. Sore lower back is caused due to

(a) reaching forward frequently​ ​ (b) no lumbar support
(c) no upper back support from chair​ (d) reaching forward for long periods
Ans. (b) no lumbar support

Q8. What should you not do with the problem of dry eyes?
(a) Forget to blink​ ​ ​ (b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ eye exercises
(c) Do exercise​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Blink the eyes
Ans. (a) Forget to blink​

Q9. If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer from
(a) eye strain​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) sore eyes
(c) dry eyes​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) eye strain and sore eyes
Ans. (d) eye strain and sore eyes
Fill in the blanks
1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using physical, chemical and
biological analysis.
2. The PH value of the water can be measured through chemical analysis.
3. The microbial indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging things.
5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause Arching wrists.
6. The repetition of a seemingly innocuous task over a period of time can
cause an injury.
7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with hazard
tape.
8. Loose cords and wires can cause electrical hazards.
9. Glare and flickering images on the screen should be prevented.
10. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The work environment of the organisation must be free from hazards and
risk. True
2. Practice a no vehicle day in every week to avoid air pollution. True
3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity. True
4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer. False
5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet
hands. True
6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working on computer.
False
7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury.
True
8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily. True
9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping problems.
True
10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level. False
D. Short answer type questions

Q1. What causes the water pollution?

Ans. Main causes of water pollution are:
1. Industrial waste
2. Sewage and Waste water
3. Oil Leaks and Spills
4. Fertilizers from Agriculture field
5. Household waste

Q2. What is occupational overuse syndrome?

Ans. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI),
Persistent is a collective term for a range of conditions, characterised by
discomfort or pain in muscles, tendons and other soft tissues. It is usually caused
with repetitive movement, sustained or constrained postures and/or forceful
movements.
Psycho-social factors, including stress in the working environment, may be
important in the development of occupational overuse syndrome.

Q3. What are musculoskeletal problems?

Ans. This problem include different areas of our body, such as neck, back, chests,
arms, shoulders and feet. It occurs because of our wrong posture, uncomfortable
chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.

Q4. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?

Ans.
1. Keep your monitor at least 20 to 30 inch away from you.
2. Maximise contact of your back against the backrest of the chair.
3. Always take small breaks while working on the computer.
4. Wear anti-glare glasses to work on computer.

Q5. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

Ans. There is really no right way to use a laptop because if you position the screen
at the right height for your back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your arms
and shoulders too high to use it and vice versa.
Q6. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?
Ans. Computer's bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and
visual fatigue. It can be avoided by:
1. Adjusting the brightness of computer screen.
2. Keeping a proper vision distance from computer.

7. What type of display screen is suitable to work on computer?

Ans. Most suitable display screens are modern LED monitors of legible size and
with adequate spacing between the characters and lines. The image on the screen
should be stable, with no flickering or other forms of instability. The screen must be
free of reflective glare and reflections liable to cause discomfort to the user.

8. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?

Ans. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The
symbols on the keys must be adequately contrasted and legible from the design
working position.

Ch-15 Prevent Accidents and Emergencies

A. Multiple choice questions

Q1. What are the steps necessary for operating a fire extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is generally present in its
handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above

Q2. Which of the following is an example of ignition sources of open flames?

(a) Gas ovens​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Lighters in smoking areas
(c) Welding torches​ ​ ​ ​ (d) All of the above
Ans. (d) All of the above

Q3. In fire classification, all liquid, grease, and gas material comes under
(a) Class A material​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Class B material
(c) Class C material​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Class D material
Ans. (b) Class B material
Q4. In fire classification, material magnesium, potassium, and sodium comes
under
(a) Class A material​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Class B material
(c) Class C material​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Class D material
Ans. (d) Class D material

Q5. In fire classification, material wood, cloth, and paper comes under
(a) Class A material​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Class B material
(c) Class C material​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Class D material
Ans. (a) Class A material

Q6. In fire classification, electrical material and equipment comes under

(a) Class A material​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Class B material
(c) Class C material​ ​ ​ ​ (d) Class D material
Ans. (c) Class C material

Q7. When do we use a fire extinguisher?

(a) In case of flood​ ​ ​ ​ (b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire​ ​ ​ ​ (d) In case of burn injury
Ans. (c) In case of fire

Q8. What is the primary fire emergency telephone number is?

(a) 011​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (b) 101
(c) 108​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (d) 111
Ans. (b) 101

Q9. Which of the following contains everything you need to know about evacuating
your facility safely?
(a) Evacuation Diagram​ ​ ​ (b) Emergency Action Plan
(c) Employee Directory​​ ​ ​ (d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)

Q10. The best course of action to take during a medical emergency is to

(a) Begin first aid immediately​ ​ ​ ​ (b) Activate the emergency
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ plan for reporting injuries
(c) Notify the person's family about the situation​ (d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans. (d) Both (a) and (b)
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention
and action.
2. A Wet floor sign will warn people to walk carefully on freshly mopped floors.
3.Watch your steps signs can prevent accidents on a staircase with a sharp
bent or warn against a loose floor tile.
4. The coordinator should be responsible to handle evacuation process.
5. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage of flammable
material or combustible dust.
6. There should always be an emergency response plan for scheduled
electrical maintenance or work.
7.If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for injuries and
treat for shock.
8. A fire extinguisher is a cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which
can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The organisation's policies and guidelines is the best guide to handle
emergency. True
2. If someone is injured, act as per your impulse or gut feeling. False
3. Keep water and food items away from electrical equipment. True
4. Always switch off the electrical circuits. False
5. Always wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. False
6. A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to extinguish fires. True
7. Flammable materials can be placed around an door exit. False
8. You can determine possible evacuation routes from floor plan diagrams
posted in your facility. True
D. Short answer questions

Q1. What is a workplace emergency?

Ans. A Workplace emergency refers to any unexpected situation that needs
immediate attention and action in the workplace that may possess a risk to the
safety and security of employees.
For example, a customer having a heart attack or sudden outbreak of fire in your
organisation needs immediate attention.

Q2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?
Ans. The best way to protect yourself and your organisation is to develop a well
thought-out emergency action plan to guide the employees in the event of an
emergency.

Q3. What is an emergency action plan?

Ans. An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) is a written document that states how to
react in different types of emergencies. Action plans of organisations should
adhere to safety standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).

Q4. What should your emergency action plan include?

Ans. An emergency action plan (EAP) should include the following:
1. Evacuation plans: It should have at least two escape routes from every area,
and a designated meeting place for employees to gather after evacuating.
2. Accounting for employees: Take a headcount after an evacuation.
3. Reporting and alerting authorities.
4. Alerting staff and visitors about emergency

Q5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?

Ans. Steps to develop an evacuation policy and procedures are:
1. Evaluate the emergency.
2. Identify place where people can go in an emergency.
3. Identify the best ways to get out of the building.
4. Rehearse evacuation procedures.
5. Regularly review and update the plan as needed.
Q6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?
Ans. To establish evacuation routes and exits, you should
1. Know the nearest exit from your location and the route to get there.
2. Know the assembly point.
3. Know an alternate route in case your first route is blocked.
4. Know where to find first-aid supplies and fire extinguishers.

Q7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing
material?
Ans. Various types of fire extinguishers are:
1. Water Fire Extinguishers are good for tackling fires involving burning paper,
wood and soft furnishing (Class A fires), as the water soaks into the materials and
cools
them.
2. Foam fire extinguishers are suitable on Class A fires and fires involving
flammable liquids (Class B)
3. Dry powder fire extinguishers are incredibly versatile and can be used for
almost every kind of fire. (Class A, Class B and Class C)
4. CO2 fire extinguishers (also known as carbon dioxide fire extinguishers) are
mainly used for electrical fires.
5. Wet chemical fire extinguishers (also known as Class F fire extinguishers) are
the extinguisher that can safely be used for fires involving cooking oil

Q8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire
emergency.
Ans.
1. Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its handle.
2. Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
3. Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever.
4. Sweep it from side to side.

Q9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.

Ans. same answer as Q7
Q10. List the different class of fire.
Ans. There are several classes of fire, including
Class A Fire that involve materials such as wood, cloth, and paper.
Class B : Fire that involve flammable liquid, grease, and gas materials that burn
when exposed to ignition sources.
Class C: Fire that involve electrical materials and equipment. These materials
cause fires very quickly and present a serious risk of arc flash.
Class D: Fire that involve any materials that are volatile and able to quickly ignite,
such as magnesium, potassium, and sodium.

Q11. List out electrical rescue techniques.

Ans. Electrical Rescue Techniques are:
●​ Approaching the accident
1. Never rush into an accident situation.
2. Call 108 as soon as possible
●​ Examining the scene
1. Visually examine victims to determine if they are in contact with energised
conductors.
2. Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
3. Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are energised.
4. Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.
●​ Hazards and solutions
1. In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme care.
2. Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
3. Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. Stand on a clean dry
surface.
4. Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor.

Q12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?

Ans. If someone has been shocked by electricity, you should
1. Unplug the appliance or turn off the power. If you can't turn off the power,
use a piece of wood, to separate the victim from the power source.
2. Do not try to move a victim touching a high voltage wire.
3. Call for emergency help.
4. If the person is not breathing, and doesn't have a pulse, begin
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).