gFgjk; - gfhg;gjk;

gjtpay; = gjk; + ,ay;

gjk; = nrhy;

gjk; = Word

Word = gjk;> nrhy;> nkhop> fpstp

thh;j;ij = tlnkhopr;nrhy;

mk;kh = gjk; spfk = gjk; ,y;iy

 ed;D}y;

vOj;Nj jdpj;Je; njhlh;eJ

; k; nghUlhpw;

gjkh kJgfhg; gjk;gF gjnkd

,Ugh yhfp apaY nkd;g

gjk; ,Utifg;gLk;

1) gFgjk; - gFf;ff;$baJ

(v.fh.) jkpod; - jkpo; + md;

2) gfhg;gjk; - gFf;ff;$lhjJ

(v.fh.) kz; - k + z; (nghUs; ,y;iy)

gphpf;f Kbe;jhy;  gFgjk;

gphpf;f KbahjJ  gfhg;gjk;

 XnuOj;J xUnkhop
<> G+> if Mfpa vOj;Jfisf; ftdpAq;fs;.

,it xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; nghUs; cz;L. ,t;thW Xh; vOj;Nj nghUs;

jUk; nrhy;yhf miktij XnuOj;J xU nkhop vd;gh;.

ed;D}y; vd;Dk; ,yf;fz E}iy vOjpa gtze;jp Kdpth; jkpopy;

ehw;gj;jpuz;L XnuOj;J xUnkhopfs; cs;sd vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

,tw;wpy; neh> J Mfpa ,uz;L nrhw;fisj;jtpu Vida ehw;gJ

nrhw;fSk; neby; vOj;Jfshf mike;jit MFk;.

 gFgjk;

Ntyd;> gbj;jhd; Mfpa nrhw;fisf; ftdpAq;fs;.

Ntyd; vd;Dk; nrhy;iy Nty; + md; vdg; gphpf;fyhk;.

gbj;jhd; vd;Dk; nrhy;iy gb + j; + Md; vdg; gphpf;fyhk;.

,t;thW rpWrpW cWg;Gfshfg; gphpf;Fk; ;tifapy; mikAk;

nrhw;fisg; gFgjq;fs; vd;gh;. gphpf;fg;gLk; cWg;Gfisg; gFgj cWg;Gfs;;

vdf; Fwpg;gpLth;.

ngah;g;gFgjk;

gFgjkhf mikAk; ngah;r;nrhy; ngah;g;gFgjk; MFk;. ,jid>

nghUs;> ,lk; fhyk;> rpid> gz;G> njhopy; vd MW tifg;gLj;Jth;.

(v.fh.) 1. nghUs; - nghd;dd; (nghd; + md;)

2. ,lk; - ehld; (ehL + md;)

3. fhyk; - rpj;jpiuahd; (rpj;jpiu + Md;)

4. rpid - fz;zd;; (fz; + md;)

5. gz;G - ,dpad; (,dpik + md;)

6. njhopy; - cotd; (coT + md;)

 tpidg;gFgjk;

gFgjkhf mikAk; tpidr;nrhy; tpidg;gFgjk; MFk;.

(v.fh.) cz;fpd;whd; - cz; + fpd;W + Md;

gFgj cWg;Gfs;

gFgj cWg;Gfs; MW tifg;gLk;. mit gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy>

re;jp> rhhpia> tpfhuk; MfpaitahFk;.

 gFgjj;jpd; Kjypy; mike;J Kjd;ikahd nghUisj; jUtJ gFjp

MFk;. ,J fl;lisahfNt mikAk;.

 gFgjj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; mike;J jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,lk;

Mfpatw;iwNah> Kw;W> vr;rk; Mfpatw;iwNah fhl;LtJ tpFjp MFk;.

 gFjpf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; mike;J fhyk; my;yJ vjph;kiwiaf;

fhl;LtJ ,ilepiy MFk;.

 ngUk;ghYk; gFjpf;Fk; ,ilepiyf;Fk; ,ilNa ,lk;ngWk;

nka;naOj;J re;jp vdg;gLk;.

 ngUk;ghYk; ,ilepiyf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilNa ,lk;ngWk;

mirr;nrhy; rhhpia vdg;gLk;.

 gFjp> re;jp> ,ilepiy Kjypatw;wpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.

(v.fh.)
1) Ntyd;  Nty; + md;
(gFjp) (tpFjp)

2) cz;lhd;  cz; + l; + Md;

(gFjp (,ilepiy) (tpFjp)

elj;jy;  el + j; + jy;
(gFjp (re;jp) (tpFjp

3) cz;ldd;  cz; + l; + md; + md;

(gFjp) (,ilepiy) (rhhpia) (tpFjp)

elf;fpwhd;  el + f; + fpW + Md;

(gFjp) (re;jp) (,ilepiy) (tpFjp)

4) gpbj;jdd;  gpb + j; + j; + md; + md;

(gFjp) (re;jp) (,ilepiy) (rhhpia)(tpFjp)

5) ele;jdd;  el + j;(e;) + j; + md; + md;

gFjp  tpidr;nrhy;
j;  ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md;  xUik Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

6) te;jdd; - th(t) + j;(e;) + j; + md; + md;

th - gFjp. (,J t vdf; FWfp ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;)

j; - re;jp. (,J e; vdj; jphpe;J ,Ug;gJ tpfhuk;)
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; - rhhpia
 md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.

gfhg;gjk;

kuk;> fodp> cz;> vOJ Mfpa nrhw;fisf; ftdpAq;fs;. ,tw;iw

NkYk; rpwpa cWg;Gfshfg; gphpf;f Kbahjy;yth? ,t;thW gFgj

cWg;Gfshfg; gphpf;f Kbahj nrhy; gfhg;gjk; vdg;gLk;. ,it mbr;nrhy;

my;yJ Nth;r;nrhy;yhf ,Uf;Fk;.

ngah;> tpid> ,il> chp Mfpa ehd;F tifr; nrhw;fspYk;

gfhg;gjq;fs; cz;L.

(v.fh.) ngah;g;gfhg;gjk; - epyk;> ePh;> neUg;G> fhw;W.

tpidg; gfhg;gjk; - el> th> gb> tho;.

,ilg; gfhg;gjk; - kd;> nfhy;> jpy;> Nghy;.

chpg; gfhg;gjk; - cW> jt> edp> fop.