Year 9 Revision Document - End of Year

This document should be used with, not instead of, the notes in your book.
Your test will consist of multiple choice and short answer questions
These will assess your investigation skills as well as content.

How to use this document:

● Traffic light the content and skills, you will need to be able to do all of these

Choose the topic you find the hardest first

1. Revisit: Read through the content and skills column for a topic. Use this, your exercise book and any work on google classroom to make
your own summary revision notes e.g. mind map, posters, flashcards, notes
2. Revisit Tasks: Complete the Tasks for a topic
3. Recall: Test yourself / get someone to test you so that you can recall all of the content off by heart
4. Apply: Answer the “Can you…” questions
5. Repeat for the next topic until you have done steps 1-4 for all topics

If you have used the resources and are still unsure, you should speak to your teacher.

Reflection on your last test:

What I did well Why I did this well Mistakes I made Why I made those mistakes
Investigation Skills 3

Biology: Microbes and the immune system 6

Biology: Human Body (Homeostasis) 8

Biology: Genetics 9

Chemistry: Particle nature of chemistry 11

Chemistry: Atomic structure 12

Chemistry: Experimental techniques 13

Chemistry: Stoichiometry 14

Chemistry: Energetics 15

Chemistry: Organic Chemistry 16

Physics: Moments & Torque 17

Physics: Energy Supply 18

Physics: Current, Voltage & Resistance 19

Physics: Space & Astronomy 21

Investigation Skills
Can you:
Identify the dependent and independent variables in these 2 research questions:

1. “How does the resistance of a wire change with length?”

2. How does the angle, from the horizontal, at which a bottle tips vary with volume of water”

Suggest 2 control variables for each experiment?

List four sources of error for each experiment

Rank them in order of significance, for each experiment

Suggest a detailed improvement and the equipment to use for each improvement?
This table needs to be improved - Can you suggest 3 improvements to this table to make it an exceptional table

What is the Independent variable in the above table?

Can you re-draw the above table, but in an improved format.

Plan an experiment to find out how temperature affects rate of growth of bacteria.

Include:

● Variables (independent, dependent, control)

● An explanation of how and why you will control each of the control variables

● A detailed plan

State the reading and uncertainty for this measuring cylinder:

Can you:
1. “How do different handwashes affect the zone of inhibition around bacteria?”
Identify the dependent and independent variables
Suggest 2 control variables for each experiment
List four sources of error for each experiment
Rank them in order of significance, for each experiment
Suggest a detailed improvement and the equipment to use for each improvement?
2. How do different antibiotics affect the number of bacterial colonies visible under a microscope?”
Identify the dependent and independent variables
Suggest 2 control variables for each experiment
List four sources of error for each experiment
Rank them in order of significance, for each experiment
Suggest a detailed improvement and the equipment to use for each improvement?
This table needs to be improved - Can you suggest 3 improvements to this table to make it a better table

What is the Independent variable in the above table?

Can you redraw the above table, but in an improved format?

Plan an experiment to find out how temperature the growth of bacteria.

Include:
● Variables (independent, dependent, control)
● An explanation of how and why you will control each of the control variables
● A detailed plan

State the reading and uncertainty for this ruler

:
Biology: Microbes and the immune system
Content Skills Tasks
These are the facts you should be able to recall: ● Be able to make suggestions on BBC Bitesize Disease Quiz
Microorganisms how to control the spread of a
· Most microorganisms are harmless disease when given appropriate Microbes quiz
· Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called information
pathogens. ● Evaluate the advantages and
Defending against infection notes (pages 1
· There are four types of pathogenic microbe: bacteria, viruses, disadvantages of being
protozoa and fungi. vaccinated against a particular - 6 only)
· Bacteria are tiny living cells. They have a cell wall and no nucleus. disease.
· Viruses are smaller than cells, just packages of genes inside ● Appreciate the impact of science Infectious disease quiz
protein coats. They can invade cells and make them produce on society in relation to vaccines
thousands of identical viruses. and antibiotics Antibiotics Quiz
· Protozoa are single-celled organisms with animal-like cells. ● Critique scientific studies for their
· Fungal cells are similar to animal cells but have a cell wall and validity and reliability
vacuole (more similar to plant cells). The smallest are single cells but ● Appreciate the role of the media
some form enormous networks. in influencing the impact of Videos to summarise knowledge
· The order of pathogens from smallest to largest. scientific studied
· Bacteria and viruses may reproduce rapidly inside the body and ● Use aseptic techniques to grow
Basic introduction to microbes
may produce poisons (toxins) that make us feel ill. Viruses damage the uncontaminated bacteria samples
Virus reproduction and immunity
cells in which they reproduce. safely
· Bacteria can reproduce independently and replicate every 20 ● Use a microscope independently Immune system
minutes ● Suggest control variables and Vaccinations
· Bacteria and fungi can reproduce on their own ways in which they can be Aseptic Techniques
· Viruses reproduce inside other living cells controlled Story of Edward Jenner
· We can see fungi, bacteria and protozoa with a light microscope ● Draw scatter graphs Story of John Snow
· Viruses are too small to see with a light microscope ● Analyse and evaluate results from
· We pick up microbes from contaminated water, food, investigating what kills bacteria
animals/insects and other people but good hygiene reduces infection ● Debate scientific ideas about Apply: Can you...
rates, especially hand washing. vaccines & antibiotic resistance
· Microbes can reproduce rapidly in warm places with plenty of
Recall all facts using the quizlet?
nutrients (food) and moisture (water)
· Semmelweiss recognised the importance of hand-washing in the
prevention of spreading some infectious diseases. By insisting that identify the different pathogens from
doctors washed their hands before examining patients, he greatly diagrams and microscope images?
 reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in his hospital.
· John Snow deduced how cholera was spread describe how bacteria and viruses
reproduce?
Natural Immunity & Vaccination:
suggest how to reduce the spread of an
· If microbes enter our tissues, our immune systems usually
destroy them. unfamiliar pathogen?
· The first lines of defence is physical (skin) and chemical barriers
(stomach acid, mucus, antiseptic in tears) that prevent pathogens describe how we become immune?
entering the blood
· The body has different ways of protecting itself against design experiments to investigate what
pathogens. White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by: kills a microorganism?
■ ingesting and digesting pathogens
■ producing antibodies, which destroy particular bacteria or viruses use data to evaluate the advantages and
■ producing antitoxins, which counteract the toxins released by the
disadvantages of being vaccinated against
pathogens.
a particular disease?
· The immune system of the body produces specific antibodies to
kill a particular pathogen. This leads to immunity from that pathogen.
explain why some antibiotics no longer
In some cases, dead or inactivated pathogens stimulate antibody
production. If a large proportion of the population is immune to a work?
pathogen, the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced.
· Edward Jenner was recognised for the discovery of vaccines
· People can be immunised against a disease by introducing small
quantities of dead or inactive forms of the pathogen into the body
(vaccination). Vaccines stimulate the white blood cells to produce
antibodies that destroy the pathogens. This makes the person immune
to future infections by the microorganism. The body can respond by
rapidly by white blood cells making the correct antibody, in the same
way as if the person had previously had the disease. MMR vaccine is
used to protect children against measles, mumps and rubella.

Medical Developments (Painkillers & antibiotics):

· Some medicines, including painkillers, help to relieve the
symptoms of infectious disease, but do not kill the pathogens.
· Antibiotics, including penicillin, are medicines that help to cure
bacterial disease by killing infectious bacteria inside the body.
Antibiotics cannot be used to kill viral pathogens, which live and
reproduce inside cells. It is important that specific bacteria should be
treated by specific antibiotics. The use of antibiotics has greatly
reduced deaths from infectious bacterial diseases. Overuse and
 inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased the rate of development
of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.
· Many strains of bacteria, including MRSA, have developed
resistance to antibiotics as a result of natural selection. To prevent
further resistance arising it is important to avoid over-use of
antibiotics.
· Mutations of pathogens produce new strains (variation in the
population). Antibiotics may no longer be effective against a new
resistant strain of the pathogen. The new strain will then spread
rapidly because people are not immune to it and there is no effective
treatment.
· antibiotics kill individual pathogens of the non-resistant strain,
individual resistant pathogens survive and reproduce, so the population of
the resistant strain increases.

Biology: Human Body (Homeostasis)

Content Skills Videos & Tasks
These are the facts you should be able to recall: ● Use evidence investigations to Why is homeostasis important?
● Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment detect patients with diabetes
● Temperature, blood sugar level and water levels are all examples of ● Carry out tests to identify the
homeostasis in the human body
Homeostasis and negative feedback video
contents of drinks
● Temperature:
● Create a model of sweating
● Blood sugar level: If blood sugar level increases, it is detected by the Controlling blood glucose video (1)
pancreas, which produces insulin, which travels in the blood to the liver.
The liver absorbs more glucose and stores it as glycogen. The blood sugar Controlling blood glucose video (2)
level decreases
● Blood sugar level: If blood sugar level decreases, it is detected by the
pancreas, which produces glucagon, which travels in the blood to the BBC Bitesize
liver. The liver breaks down glycogen to glucose and releases it into the
bloodstream. The blood sugar level increases Homeostasis Quiz - press start
● Diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose levels remain too high.
● Water and ions enter when you eat or drink.
● Water is lost through breathing, sweating and urine Homeostasis Quiz 2 - press start
● Ions are lost through sweating and urine Apply: Can you…
● To test for glucose, add Benedict's reagent and heat to 70C in a water
 bath. If it is blue, there is no sugar. If there is a little-some glucose it will define and name examples of
turn green/yellow/orange. If it turns brick red, there is lots of glucose homeostasis?

describe how we control body

temperature?

describe how we control blood glucose

levels?

design investigations to test for glucose in

urine?

Biology: Genetics
Content Skills Videos & Tasks
Content Skills BBC Variation Quiz
These are the facts you should be able to recall: ● Plan investigations to analyse
● We inherit 23 chromosomes from our mother and 23 continuous or discontinuous BBC Genetics Quiz
chromosomes from our father. This is a random mix variation in a population
● Our characteristics /features are determined by many genes and ● Draw graphs
our environment ● Appreciate the complexities of
Genetics Quizziz
● Continuous variation in a population is controlled by many genes gender in society and the
and the environment. Discontinuous variation is controlled by a biological world Natural selection video
single gene ● To complete punnett squares and
● Selective breeding is when we choose organisms with the predict the patterns of
characteristics we want, breed them together, and repeat the inheritance
Genetics Quiz Harder
process over many generations ● To interpret family trees
● Natural selection is the process that leads to evolution. How to draw punnett squares
● Natural selection involves a mutation (change in DNA), which
creates variation in the population. There is competition between
individuals (e.g. for food). Some individuals are more likely to Punnett squares (quiz)
survive and reproduce, and pass on their genes to offspring. Over Apply: Can you…
 time the population of the best adapted individuals increases explain why offspring are similar to their
● Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. XX is female. XY is parents but not identical?
male.
● Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture Describe how identical and non-identical twins
delineates as masculine or feminine are formed?
● If an allele is dominant, only one copy is required for the
characteristic to show Describe the process of natural selection step-
● If an allele is recessive, two copies are required for the by-step?
characteristic to show
● If someone has one copy of a recessive allele they are called a Solve this: In pea plants, tallness is dominant
carrier over shortness. If two heterozygous tall plants
● Genetic engineering (genetic modification – GM) involves are crossed, what will be the genotypes and
identifying the desired gene, cutting out the gene using enzymes, phenotypes of all possible offspring? (Use T=
inserting the gene into the organism during early stages of tall plant and t= short plant) Draw a punnett
development square
● There are pros and cons of genetic engineering
● Cloning creates offspring that are genetically identical to the
parent.
Chemistry: Particle nature of chemistry
Content Skills Tasks

State the names for the state changes between all states of matter Plan an investigation to determine the State change
Explain the sections within a heating or cooling curve in terms of these effect of temperature change on the
state changes diffusion within a liquid Evaporation of water
Identify sections in a heating or cooling curve Particle model
Explain the difference between evaporation and boiling Draw graphs to show the heating or
Describe what is meant by the term diffusion cooling curve of stearic acid and identify
Diffusion
Explain how diffusion is affected by temperature anomalies within the graph
Explain why diffusion is faster in gases than liquids

Can you:

State the names for the state changes between

all states of matter?

Explain the sections within a heating or cooling

curve in terms of these state changes?

Identify sections in a heating or cooling curve?

Explain the difference between evaporation

and boiling?
Describe and explain what diffusion is?
Chemistry: Atomic structure
Content Skills Tasks

Describe the structure of the atom in terms of subatomic particles The periodic table
Explain what an isotope is
Explain what an ion is The atom
Ions
Isotopes

Can you:

Draw electron configuration diagrams?

Calculate the number of protons, electrons and

neutrons in an atom, ion or isotope?

Define the term ‘isotope’

Chemistry: Experimental techniques
Content Skills Tasks

Define the terms element, mixture and compound Analyse an experiment to be able to make Filtration and distillation
Know how to identify an element, mixture or compound conclusions, applying scientific
Describe key separation techniques; filtration, crystallisation, distillation understanding and evaluate in terms of What are elements?
and chromatography strengths, limitations and improvements Atoms, elements and
compounds
Separating mixtures
Can you:

Identify elements, mixtures and compounds

from particle diagrams?

Label a distillation set up?

Chemistry: Stoichiometry
Content Skills Tasks

Balance chemical equations State the number of atoms of each

element in a molecule
Balancing chemical equations revision
Balance chemical equations
Balancing equations practise

How to balance equations

Can you:
Name simple compounds?

Balance symbol equations, by practising with

the examples in the ‘tasks’ section?
Chemistry: Energetics
Content Skills Tasks

Describe the terms exothermic and endothermic Plan an investigation to determine how Energy changes
Identify reactions as exothermic or endothermic changing the mass of a reactant affects the
heat evolved in the reaction
Calorimetry practical
List all variables within an experiment plan

Can you:

Can you describe the terms exothermic and

endothermic?

Can you identify reactions as exothermic or

endothermic given practical data/observations?
Chemistry: Organic Chemistry
Content Skills Tasks

Know the general formulas of alkanes and alkenes Identify the independent and dependent Alkanes and alkenes revision
Draw the structures and name the first four alkanes, alkenes and alcohols variable in an investigation.
Define the term homologous series Identify variables to be controlled and Investigative skills revision
Describe the chemical and physical properties of alkanes and alkenes explain why and how they will be
Know how to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes using bromine controlled.
water
Fractional distillation
Describe alkanes as saturated and alkenes as unsaturated Write a detailed method for the Cracking
Describe the process of fractional distillation to separate the fractions in combustion of alcohols investigation.
crude oil (petroleum)
Explain that the fractions in crude oil can be separated because they have Collect data in a suitable table. Can you:
different boiling points Draw the structural formulas of the first four
Describe the process of cracking long chain hydrocarbons in the laboratory Discuss any relationship between the alkanes and alkenes?
State the purpose of cracking long chain hydrocarbons independent and dependent variables.
Know that long chain alkanes are cracked to produce shorter chain alkanes Recognise and name the first four alkanes and
and alkenes Discuss sources of error when comparing alkenes, and write the molecular formulas?
Construct equations for the combustion of alcohols the combustion of different alcohols.
State the uses of alcohols Describe a test with bromine water to
distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?

Describe the process of fractional distillation

and describe how it is used to separate the
fractions in crude oil (petroleum)?

Label a diagram showing the apparatus used to

crack long chain alkanes?

State the purpose of cracking long chain

alkanes?
Physics: Moments & Torque
Content Skills Tasks

● Finding the center of mass & center of ● Suggest appropriate control variables BBC Bitesize to do
gravity of an object
● Identify independent and dependent
variables from a research question pHET
● Calculating the moment(torque) of a force ● Draw a table which includes:
about a pivot o Labels and units
o Appropriate decimal places Perfect Graphs and Tables
o Uncertainties
● Investigation into the factors that affect
the tipping angle of a water bottle. ● Draw a graph which includes
Dependent and Independent Variables
o Labels
● Recall the principle of moments o Units
o Line of best fit
● Using the principle of moments to solve o Error bars
problems Can you:
● Finding the COG and COM of an object
● Using the principle of moments to ● Use the principle of moments to find the
calculate the mass of a meter ruler. mass of an object
● Solve problems using the principle of Explain the principle of moments
● Using the principle of moments to moments
 calculate the mass of a broom. ● Identify limitations in an experiment and
suggest ways to improve them
Can you explain how to find the center of mass
and center of gravity of an object.

Explain how the center of gravity changes as you

fill a bottle up from empty to full

Calculate W

State the independent, dependent and control

variables for your tipping bottle investigation?

Physics: Energy
Content Skills Tasks
 pHET Skate park basics.
● Recall the types of energy
● Use Sankey diagrams to show energy
● Identify energy stores and transfers Youtube - Amazing Energy Facts To Blow Your
transfers for various transducers.
● Recall the units of Energy and Power Mind
● Use Sankey diagrams to represent the energy
● Use the idea of conservation of energy
transfers in terms of efficiencies
● Represent energy transfers using Sankey Perfect Graphs and Tables
● Use data to draw quantitative and qualitative
diagrams.
conclusion
● Use the idea of efficiency in calculations
● Working out the cost of electricity
● Extract information from a piece of text
● Calculate the energy used by appliances
● Calculate the cost of using electrical Can you:
appliances.
● List all the types of energy
● Differentiate between renewable and
non-renewable energy resources
● Calculate the cost of electricity
● Can you work out the efficiency from the
Sankey diagram to the left if the device is
a) a light bulb b) an electric heater

Physics: Current, Voltage & Resistance

Content Skills Tasks
 pHET - Circuit Construction
● Current is measured using an ammeter ● Use and understand a scientific models
through a component Youtube - Series and Parallel Circuits
● How current in a series circuit changes as ● Recognise independent and dependent
no. of light bulbs increases ( R increases) variables from a research question pHET - Resistance of a wire
● How the brightness of a light bulb in series
varies with current ● Suggest control variables and ways in which Youtube - Voltage, Current and Resistance
● Current in a series circuit is the SAME at they can be controlled
every point Dependent and Independent Variables
● Current in a parallel circuit is SHARED across ● Design a results table which includes:
each branch Perfect Graphs and Tables
● Advantages of a parallel circuit over a series ● Labels and units
circuit
● Voltage = Current x Resistance ● Uncertainties Can you:
● Measuring the resistance of a light bulb
using a voltmeter and ammeter ● Calculate an average
State the independent, dependent and control
● Measuring the resistance of 3 different variables for the resistance of a wire
thicknesses' of wire. ● Understand the difference between Current
investigation?
● Recall how to calculate the resistance of a and voltage in Series and Parallel Circuits
component Explain how the thickness and length of a wire
● Measuring the voltage across and the ● Write a scientific method
affect the resistance of a wire.
current through varying lengths of wire
● Investigating how the length of a wire ● Plot graphs with curved and straight lines of
Explain how current and voltage behave in a
affects its resistance. best fit
series and parallel circuit.
● Identify and evaluate sources of error,
Explain the advantages of wiring a house in
stating their relative significance
parallel instead of series
● Suggest improvements to a method
Explain why a light bulb is non-ohmic

Recall the Ohm’s law formula?

Calculate the resistance of this bulb.

Physics: Space & Astronomy
Content Skills Tasks

pHET Gravity & Orbits

● Recall the name of all the planets.
● Designed a space probe with an
● Identify the order of the planets from the Youtube - Bill Nye Demonstrates Distance
explanation of the various instruments
sun. Between Planets
required.
● Recall the distance between the earth and
sun is 1 AU. Youtube - To Scale: The Solar System
● Identify the order of planets in terms of size.
● Recognise that there are other bodies in the
solar system. Youtube - Star Size Comparison HD
● Explain why some planets have a longer orbit
than others.
● Consider the advantages and disadvantages
of various space probe design. Youtube - Relative size of the planets and stars

Youtube - Deep Space Probes - National

Geographic

Can you:

● List all the planets in order from the sun

and in order of size
● Explain why Neptune has a longer orbital
period than Mercury.
● Explain why some missions have people
and others consist of robotic probes.
● Explain what 1 Astronomical Unit (1 AU)
 is
● Sort these into order: solar system,
universe, galaxy, planet, moon