Roll No.

: Time -
Date : MM - 71

1. A ball is placed on a compressed spring. When the spring is released, the ball is observed to fly 2
away.

(a) What form of energy does the compressed spring possess?

(b) Why does the ball fly away?

Ans : (a) The compressed spring possesses elastic potential energy.

(b) When the spring is released, the potential energy of the spring changes into kinetic
energy which does work on the ball placed on the spring and makes the ball fly away.

2. State SI and CGS units of work. 2

Ans : The SI unit of work is joule. Work is said to be one joule if a force of one newton
displaces its point of application through one metre in its own direction. Thus,
1 joule (J) = 1 newton (N) × 1 metre (m)
CGS unit of work is erg. Work is said to be one erg if a force of 1 dyne displaces its point
of application through one centimetre in its own direction. Thus,
1 erg = 1 dyn × 1 cm

3. What is the relation between SI and CGS units of work? 2

Ans : The SI unit of work is joule and CGS unit is erg.

1J=1N×1m
1 J = 105 dyn × 100 cm

1 J = 107 erg

4. (a) Define a kilowatt hour. How is it related to the joule? 2

(b) How can the work done be measured when force is applied at an angle to the direction of
displacement?

Ans : (a) 1 kW h is the amount of electric energy consumed in an electrical circuit when the
electrical appliance of power 1 kW works for an hour.
1 kW h = 1000 W × 3600 s

= 1000 × 3600 s = 3.6 × 106 J

(b) When force F is applied at angle θ to the direction of displacement d, then W = Fd

cos θ
5. In the diagram of a stationary wheelbarrow, the centre of gravity is at A. The wheel and the leg 2
are in contact with the ground. The horizontal distance between A and F is 50 cm and that between
B and F is 150 cm.

(a) What is the direction of the force acting at A ? Name the force.
(b) What is the direction of the minimum force at B to keep the leg off the ground? What is this force
called?

Ans : (a) At point A, the weight of wheelbarrow and sand acts vertically downwards. It is called
load.
(b) The direction of the minimum force at B to keep the leg off the ground vertically
upwards is called effort and denoted by E.

6. Two forces each of 5 N act vertically upwards and downwards respectively on the two ends of a 2
uniform metre rule which is placed at its mid-point as shown in the diagram. Determine the
magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces about the mid-point.

Ans : Resultant moment of force about the mid-point

= moment of couple
= Force × Perpendicular distance between the forces.
= 5 N × (0.5 + 0.5) m = 5 Nm (anticlockwise)

7. A half metre ruler is suspended by a thread from the mid-point of the ruler as shown in the figure. 2

It balances horizontally when a 50 g and an unknown weight w are suspended respectively from 10
cm and the 45 cm mark. Calculate the magnitude of weight w.

Ans : Since the ruler is in equilibrium

According to the principle of moment,
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment
w × 20 cm = 50 g f × 15 cm

8. A girl of mass 35 kg climbs up from the first floor of a building at a height 4 m above the ground 2
to the third floor at a height 12 m above the ground. What will be the increase in her gravitational
potential energy? (g = 10 m s–2)
Ans : Increase in gravitational potential energy = mg(h2 – h1)
= 35 kg × 10 m s–2 × (12 – 4) m = 2800 J

9. A ball of mass 200 g falls from a height of 5 m. What will be its kinetic energy when it just 2
reaches the ground? (Take g = 9.8 m s–2)

Ans : Potential energy of the ball, P.E. = mgh = 0.2 kg × 9.8 m/s2 × 5 m = 9.8 J
When the ball just reaches the ground, P.E. = K.E.
So kinetic energy of the ball = 9.8 J.

10. A spring is kept compressed by a small trolley of mass 0.5 kg lying on a smooth horizontal 2
surface as shown in the figure given:

When the trolley is released, it is found to move at a speed of 2 m s–1. What potential energy did
the spring possess when compressed?

Ans : Potential energy = Kinetic energy of the of the spring when trolley compressed

11. A horse exerts a pull on a cart of 300 N so that horse cart system moves with a uniform speed of 2
18 km/h on a level road. Calculate the power developed by horse in watt and also find its equivalent
in horse power.

Ans :
Given: F = 300 N; v = 18 km h–1 = m s–1 = 5 m s–1; P =?

Power, P = Fv = 300 N × 5 m s–1 = 1500 W (∵ 1 hp = 746 W)

∴ P= = 2 hp

12. A boy weighing 350 N runs up a flight of 30 steps, each 20 cm high, in 5 seconds. Calculate the 2
power expanded.

Ans : Given: Weight of the boy (mg) = 350 N

Total distance covered by the boy = 30 × 20 cm = 600 cm = 6 m
Power expanded by the boy = = 420 J/s or 420 W

13. A crowbar of length 1.2 m has its fulcrum at a distance of 0.2 m from load. Calculate the 2
mechanical advantage of crowbar.

Ans : Given: Load arm = 0.2 m, Effort arm = 1.20 m – 0.2 m = 1.00 m
Mechanical advantage of crowbar = =5

14. A fulcrum divides a crowbar in the ratio 3 : 1. What weight will be lifted if an effort of 100 N is 2
applied at the end of its longer arm?
Ans : Given: Effort arm: Load arm = 3 : 1, Effort = 100 N, Load =?

15. A pulley system has three pulleys. A load of 120 N is overcome by applying an effort of 50 N. 2
Calculate the Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency of this system.

Ans : Given: Load, L = 120 N, Effort, E = 50 N, Mechanical advantage, (MA) =?, Velocity ratio
(VR) = 3, Efficiency, h =?
Mechanical advantage (MA) =

Efficiency

16. The diagram shows a lever in use. 2

(a) To which class of lever does it belong?

(b) If FA = 40 cm, AB = 60 cm, then find the mechanical advantage of the lever.

Ans : (a) Second class of lever

(b)

17. (a) Give any two effects of a force on a non-rigid body. 3

(b) One end of a spring is kept fixed while the other end is stretched by a force as shown in the
diagram.
(i) Copy the diagram and mark on it the direction of the restoring force.
(ii) Name one instrument which works on the above principle.
(c) (i) Where is the centre of gravity of a uniform ring situated?
(ii) ‘The position of the centre of gravity of a body remains unchanged even when the body is
deformed.’ State whether the statement is true or false.

Ans : (a) Effects of a force on a non-rigid body:

– can change the dimension of the body.
– can start/stop the motion of the body.
– can change the speed.
– can change the direction. (Any two)
(b) (i)

(ii) Spring balance.

(c) (i) The centre of gravity of a uniform ring is situated at its geometrical centre.
(ii) False.
18. The given figure shows the 3
combination of a movable pulley P1
with a
fixed pulley P2 used for lifting up a
load w.
(a) State the function of the fixed
pulley P2.
(b) If the free end of the string
moves through a distance x, find
the
distance by which the load w is
raised.
(c) Calculate the force to be applied
at C to just raise the load w = 20
kg f, neglecting the weight of the
pulley P1 and friction.

Ans : (a) Fixed pulley P2 is used to change the direction of effort to a convenient direction.
(b) As the free end of the string moves through a distance x, there being two segments of
the thread carrying the movable pulley, the load w is raised up by distance; because

each segment of thread shortens by a distance

(c) In equilibrium, L = T + T = 2T
Force applied at C = Effort (E) = T

19. A block and tackle system of pulleys has a velocity ratio 4. 3

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly the points of application and directions
of load and effort.
(b) What is the value of the mechanical advantage of the given pulley system if it is an ideal pulley
system?

Ans : (a)

(b) For an ideal pulley system MA = where L = nT = 4T

E=T
∴ MA =

20. In the given diagram a uniform half metre scale PQ 3

is balanced
horizontally across a knife edge. Calculate (a) the
mass of the
scale, (b) the force on the knife-edge, (c) state the
direction in
which the force on the knife-edge, acts.
Ans : (a) Let the mass of the scale be x g acting at centre C of the scale PQ.
Taking the moments about the knife-edge we get
Clockwise moment = Anticlockwise moment

(b) The force on the knife-edge = 35 g f + 52.5 g f = 87.5 g f

(c) The force of 87.5 g f will act in the downward direction.

21. From the given figure, calculate moment of force about (a) P and (b) Q. 3

Ans : (a) Moment of right directed force about, P = 25 N × 0.05 m = 1.25 N m (clockwise)
Moment of left directed force about, P = 25 N × 0.15 m = 3.75 N m (clockwise)
Since both the moments are clockwise hence total moment about
P = 1.25 N m + 3.75 N m = 5.00 N m (clockwise)
(b) Moment of right directed force about, Q = 25 N × 0 m = 0
Moment of left directed force about, Q = 25 N × 0.20 m = 5.00 N m (clockwise)
Total moment about, Q = 0 + 5.00 N m = 5.00 N m (clockwise).

22. A 50 cm uniform ruler is freely pivoted at 15 cm mark which balances horizontally when an object 3
of weight 40 dyn is hung from the 2 cm mark. Draw a force diagram of the arrangement and
calculate the weight of the ruler. Also calculate the force with which pivot is pressed.

The figure shows the arrangement of

Ans : forces.
From the principle of moment,
Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise
moment
w × 10 cm = 40 dyn × 13 cm
w= = 52 dyn

Force with which the pivot is pressed = 52 dyn + 40 dyn = 92 dyn

23. A uniform see-saw 4 m long is supported at its centre, Aman weighing 50 kg sits 1 m from the 3
centre of see-saw, where should Anu weighing 40 kg sit on the other side of the see-saw so as to
balance it horizontally? If the weight of the plank is 200 N, what will be the force of reaction of the
support on the plank? (Take g = 10 m/s2)
Ans : Let Anu sit at point B at a distance x from the centre of the see-saw

Taking moments of all forces about the point O and using the principle of moment.
Anticlockwise moment about O = Clockwise moment about O
50 kg f × 1 m = 40 kg f × x

Anu should sit 1.25 m from the centre to balance the see-saw horizontally.
Using the first condition of equilibrium

∑Fupwards = ∑Fdownwards

24. (a) A stone of mass 64.0 g is thrown vertically upward from the ground with an initial speed of 3
20.0 m/s. The gravitational potential energy at the ground level is considered to be zero. Apply the
principle of conservation of energy and calculate the potential energy at the maximum height
attained by the stone. (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(b) Using the same principle, state what will be the total energy of the body at its half-way point?

Ans : (a) Potential energy at the maximum height will be the same as the kinetic energy be
imparted from the ground.
∴ Potential energy at the maximum height = mv2

× 0.064 kg × (20 m/s)2 = 12.8 J

(b) According to law of conservation of energy, it remains same at every point. So at the
midpoint energy = 12.8 J

25. A block and tackle of 5 pulleys is used to raise a load of 50 kg f steadily through a height of 20 m. 3
The work done against friction is 2000 J. Calculate:
(a) the work done by the effort
(b) the efficiency of the system
(c) mechanical advantage.

Ans : Given: L = 50 kg f = 50 × 10 = 500 N, dL = 20 m; Wf = 2000 J; n = 5; η = ?; E = ?; MA = ?

(a) Work done by the effort, WE = Work done (in raising the load + against friction)
= 500 N × 20 m + 2000 J = 12000 J
(b) η =
(c) Work done by the effort, WE = E × dE
12000 J = E × 100 m [dE = 5 dL = 5 × 20 m = 100 m]
E = 120 N
∴ MA =

A boy weighing 40 kgf climbs up a stair of 30 steps each 20 cm high in 4 minute and a girl 4
weighing 30 kgf does the same in 3 minutes. Compare:
(a) The work done by them. (b) The power developed by them.
Ans : Given: Mass of boy, mb = 40 kgf
No. of steps = 30
t = 4 min = 4 × 60 = 240 s
Height of each step = 20 cm
Total distance covered by boy, hb = 30 × 20 = 600 cm = 6 m
Mass of girl, mg = 30 kgf
Time taken by girl to climb 6 m = 3 min = 3 × 60 s = 180 s
(a) Work done by boy in climbing up a stair of 30 steps
= mb × g × hb
= 40 kgf × 9.8 m s–2 × 6 m = 2352 J
Work done by girl in climbing up a stair of 30 steps
= mg × g × hg
= 30 kgf × 9.8 m s–2 × 6 m = 1764 J
Ratio of the work done by the boy : girl = 4 : 3
(b) Power developed by boy, Pb = = 9.8 W

Power developed by girl, Pg = = 9.8 W

Power developed by boy to girl 1 : 1.

27. A wheel is supported by a nail at its centre of gravity as shown in the adjacent figure. The plane of the wheel is 4
vertical. The wheel has radius25 cm. Two parallel forces each of 35 N act on the edge of the wheel
invertical directions shown in the figure. Friction between the nail and thewheel is negligible.

(a) List two other forces that act on the wheel. State the direction of these forces and where they act.

(b) Calculate the torque of the couple acting on the wheel.

Ans : (a) Weight at C vertically down and normal reaction or contact force at (point of contact with the nail) C vertically up.

(b) Torque = 35 N × (0.25 m + 0.25 m) = 35 N × 0.50 m = 17.5 Nm

28. Given figure shows a uniform metre rule weighing 100 g f pivoted at centre O. Two weights 4

150 g f and 250 g f hang from the metre rule as shown. Calculate:

(a) the total anticlockwise moment about O,

(b) the total clockwise moment about O,

(c) the difference of anticlockwise and clockwise moments, and

(d) the distance of a point from O where a 100 g f weight must be placed to balance the metre rule.
Ans : According to the figure

(a) Total anticlockwise moment about O = 150 g f × 40 cm = 6000 g f cm

(b) Total clockwise moment about O = 250 g f × 20 cm = 5000 g f cm

(c) Difference of anticlockwise and clockwise moments about O = (6000 – 5000) g f cm = 1000 g f cm

(d) Let 100 g f weight must be suspended at a distance x on right side from the centre of the metre rule.

Then according to the principle of moment

Anticlockwise moment = Clockwise moment

150 g f × 40 cm = 250 g f × 20 cm + 100 g f × x