I.C.E.

INTERNATIONAL CLEAN ENERGY GROUP GmbH

Use of Shallow Geothermal Energy

for Sustainable and Reliable Power Generation

SUMMARY
The Age of Decentralized Regenerative Power Generation

Depending on the climate, wind and solar power stations are common in different parts of the world. A new
era of self-sufficient "energy farms" has now begun. A "GEK Box" *, with an output of 100 kWel, can supply
about 100 to 200 households with electricity. 10 GEK boxes can then be combined to form a 1 MWel GEK
system. Due to the modular design, further systems can be added to create geothermal energy power plants
of 10 to 100 MWel each. The electricity generated in these decentralized geothermal power plants can be fed
individually into the micro grid, regional grid or into the national grid, which in some countries guarantees
lucrative remuneration tariffs over long periods of time.

* Geothermal Power Plant GPP (Geothermisches Expansions Kraftwerk (GEK))

Clean electricity from the ground - in high quality with base load capable geothermal power plants

This allows us to absorb low-temperature heat from shallow depths in the ground and build small power
plants almost anywhere, using the same technology commonly used to heat and cool buildings. At a time
when climate change, rising energy demand and the reduction of CO2 emissions are all driving forces, this is
an excellent opportunity to generate clean, affordable electricity around the clock (24/7) (without
fluctuations / base load capable).

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How does it work?

The geothermal heat transported to the earth's surface via brine and water is heated to 50 °C by a heat
pump, just like a boiler heats water in a house. The 50 °C hot water feeds a heat exchanger and transfers the
heat to a liquid, which evaporates at 50 °C. The heat is then transferred to the boiler. This steam has more
than 250 times the volume of the original liquid. The steam pressure created by this expansion moves a
rotary motor and thus continuously generates electricity. It is so simple.

Flexible Technology

The GEK system works with any heat source and at almost any location. It is compact - about the size of a
standard ship container - modular, expandable and mobile. All parts can be easily transported and
assembled. The solutions can be individually adapted to individual countries, energy suppliers or industry.

Classical application of shallow geothermal energy for cooling/heating

Shallow geothermal energy uses the subsurface to a depth of approx. 400 m and temperatures of up to 25 °C
for heating and cooling buildings, technical installations or infrastructure facilities. For this purpose, the heat
or cooling energy is extracted from the upper layers of the earth and rocks or from the groundwater.
Shallow geothermal energy is already being used in over 300,000 detached or multi-family houses, public
facilities, hospitals, schools and commercial enterprises in Germany. Approximately 23,000 shallow
geothermal plants are added each year (as of 2017).
https://www.geothermie.de/geothermie/geothermische-technologien/oberflaechennahe-geothermie.html

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Our geothermal expansion power plants (GPP) for power generation essentially
consist of the following components:

Deep Drilling
Our drilling partner is the globally active company that has been
established on the market for decades:

DALDRUP & SÖHNE AG

https://daldrup.eu/de/?id_seite=1

Our drillings are carried out up to a depth of about 100 m each. This
means that NO mining permits are required.

DALDRUP's customers include airports (e.g. Frankfurt/Main), which heat their runways using shallow
boreholes (very similar to our requirements) in order to keep them dry from ice and snow, but also from
snow.

Here, too, classic heat pumps are used to achieve the required temperature. The own consumption of
electrical energy is currently still carried out by local network operators.
DALDRUP is also interested in supplementing our technology in this area.

Our "own" drilling technology specialist in the "I.C.E.-Team" is

Grahame Newton.

After graduating from the University of London in 1978, Grahame

Newton began his career in the oil and gas industry. He has been
responsible for several major industrial development projects,
including the global launch of the first commercial horizontal drilling
systems in the oil and gas industry.

In 2007, Grahame Newton founded Greenfield Energy (now ERDA

Energy), which developed and introduced innovative technologies for heating and cooling using geothermal
energy.

After the sale of ERDA, Grahame Newton initially retired into private life. However, we were able to persuade
him to join our team as a global specialist.

https://www.erdaenergy.com/about/

In order to generate an electrical output of 1 MW with a GEK, between 15 and 30 boreholes, each with a
depth of approx. 100 m, are required.

This type of drilling has already been carried out several thousand times all over the world. The method has
now been in use for more than 40 years. The technology has proven itself. Usually, the water extracted and
heated from the borehole is connected directly to a heating system or cooling unit.

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In our system, the heated water is fed into the heating circuit of the heat pump.

The ORC* - Organic Rankine Cycle

Here only series products from different production processes are put together to a cycle adapted to our
fluid.

*The Organic Rankine Cycle

(abbreviation ORC) is a process of
operating steam turbines with an
organic working fluid other than
steam.

Heat transfer fluid, heat pump and heat recovery to increase efficiency

The heat transfer fluid is water, which is let into the finished boreholes. We are therefore not
dependent on finding hot water, as is the case with conventional deep geothermal energy, but use
the dry borehole to fill it with water.
In Germany alone, heat pumps are in practical use a thousand times over for heating single-family
homes and apartment buildings.
With these "standard" water/water heat pumps, a good COP
value is 5.2 (this means you need 1 kW electric to generate
5.2 kW thermal with the intended temperature).

Our partner SOLID ENERGY from Denmark produces a pump

which is tailored to our needs and which has a guaranteed COP
of 7.2.

https://www.solid-group.dk/de/solid-energy/heizloesungen/

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SOLID ENERGY is a supplier for IKEA worldwide. At IKEA, the cooling and heating technology is produced using
these Solid heat pumps. Another supplier for the heat pumps is VIESSMANN:
https://www.viessmann.de/de/wohngebaeude/waermepumpe.html

The heat exchangers are standard plate heat exchangers from

various manufacturers.

One of our suppliers is the worldwide operating company KELVION:

https://www.kelvion.com/de/produkte/kategorie/gedichtete-
plattenwaermetauscher/
https://www.kelvion.com/de/industrien/markt/oel-gas/

Due to its reliability, the motor is also used in the paint industry,
e.g. for mixing paints in the manufacture of paints. The CWS
Lackfabrik GmbH & Co. KG in Düren, Germany, such motors have
been operated continuously by compressed air for 34 years.

The motors are operated with coolants, pressure up to 15 bar,

and temperatures from -40 to 130°C.
The Armak gas pressure motors were specially developed as
generator drives in ORC systems.

Manufacturer is ARMAK GmbH in Kornwestheim near Stuttgart Germany.

http://www.armakmotor.de/technologie.html

and besides

MANNESMANN-DEMAG, which have similar series engines in their product range.

https://www.mannesmann-demag.com/de/gruppen/28004.4-40-kw---mu-600.html

Condensation is based on cooling technology. Our plants are cooled with water, because we can
recycle the waste heat from the condensation process in the cycle.

We purchase the water-cooled condensers from ROTEQ in

Hamburg, which has over 40 years of experience in this
technology.
http://www.roteq.de/produkt-2-4-wassergekuhlte-kondensatoren.html

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The generator is a standard product of WEIER ANTRIEBE und ENERGIETECHNIK GmbH in
23701 Eutin, who have been producing motors and generators in large quantities since 1945.

https://www.weier-energie.de/anwendungsgebiete/
https://www.weier-energie.de/generatoren/

The fluid was developed jointly with the large 3M Group.

https://www.3mdeutschland.de/3M/de_DE/unternehmensinformationen/

With the "fluid" we have the possibility to use temperatures in the range below 50 °C, which subsequently
also enables the use of waste heat from the internal process.

For example, the Sihi pump is equipped with a cooling circuit, the generator and the heat extracted from the
condensation are connected together in a heating process that heats the temperature of the fluid up to 25
°C and thus carries around 20 to 25 % of the thermal energy required.

By means of process-integrated heat recovery and reinjection into the process, the overall efficiency of our
technology is further improved and achieves an efficiency of over 30 % in relation to the ratio of thermal
energy extracted from the ground to electrical energy produced.

We purchase the pump for the fluid from the international SIHI Group.

https://www.sterlingsihi.com/cms/de/home/konzern.html

The side-channel pump has been used for decades at petrol stations,
among other places. The model chosen by us is extremely robust,
insensitive and easy to maintain.

https://www.sterlingsihi.com/cms/de/home/produkte-und-
service/fluessigkeitspumpen/seitenkanalpumpen/in-blockbauweise/baureihe-ceh.html

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CONCLUSION:

Our near-surface geothermal expansion power plant (GPP) is based on a solid, long-standing proven
technology that has been reconfigured and combined with the result of more efficiency, constant output and
thus optimized, base load-capable electricity production.

International Clean Energy Group GmbH

Sandstr. 14 | 40789 Monheim am Rhein | Germany

November 2019

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