Q1
Q2
The photograph shows a type of rollercoaster.
The car is launched from point A in the photograph, accelerates to point B and then rises
over point C.
(a) Each loaded car has a mass of 2000 kg.
C is 128 m above B.
(i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, height and gravitational field
strength.
(ii) Show that the gravitational potential energy gained by the car when it rises from
B to C is about 2.6 MJ.
(b) The car gains kinetic energy when work is done on it by the launching
system between A and B.
Assume there are no energy losses.
(i) State the minimum kinetic energy that the car must have at B for it to
reach C.
(ii) How is the kinetic energy gained related to the work done?
(iii) Write down the equation linking work done, force and distance.
(iv) The launching system provides a force of 32 kN.
Calculate the minimum length of track needed between A and B for the car to reach C.
Length of track =................................m
(c) Sometimes the car does not reach C, but rolls backwards to the start.
This can happen when it becomes windy or the track becomes wet.
Explain why these conditions could cause the car to stop before it reaches C.
Q3
On a particular day, the atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa. A bubble of gas forms at a point
5.0 m below the surface of a lake. The density of water is 1000 kg m-3 .
(a) Determine
(i) the total pressure at a depth of 5.0 m in the water,
pressure = ........................................................... [3]
(ii) the pressure of the gas in the bubble.
pressure = ........................................................... [1]
(b) As the bubble rises to the surface, the mass of gas in the bubble stays constant. The
temperature of the water in the lake is the same throughout.
Explain why the bubble rises to the surface and why its volume increases as it rises.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows a monometer that measures the pressure of a gas.
gas supply
Air pressure
Figure 5.2
Liquid oil,
150
ΡHg = 0.80 g cm-3
mm
i) If the air pressure reads as 750 mm Hg on a mercury barometer, show that the air pressure is
11.8 kPa.
................................................................................................................................................... [1]
ii) Find the pressure of that on the gas supply.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
Q4
(a) State the values of the fixed points of a temperature scale.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) What happens to the particles at absolute zero?
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) (i) The graduations on a liquid-in-glass thermometer are equally spaced.
For the equal spacing of the graduations to be correct, state:
1. an assumption that is made about the liquid in the thermometer
...........................................................................................................................................
2. an assumption that is made about the structure of the thermometer.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer A has a greater range than liquid-in-glass thermometer B.
State one way the design of thermometer A is different from thermometer B.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer C has a greater sensitivity than liquid-in-glass thermometer
D.
State one way the design of thermometer C is different from thermometer D.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) (i) In the space provided, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple thermometer.
[3]
(ii) Suggest when a thermocouple thermometer is more suitable than a liquid-in-glass
thermometer.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
[Total:10
Q5
Q6
A student is investigating the force needed to just slide a block across a surface.
Plan an experiment that will enable him to investigate how the force needed varies with the mass
of the block.
The apparatus available includes:
a light, flat wooden block with a hook fitted as shown in Fig. 12.1
a pulley which can be clamped to a bench.
wooden
block
hook Fig 12.1
To design the investigation, you will need to:
1 State the variables:
Independent variable: [1]
Dependent variable: [1]
Controlled variables (2 needed)
[2]
2 Experimental setup (Ruled labelled diagram with pencil)
[3]
3 Method of organised steps (which can include a suitable table)
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.................................................................................................................................. [3]
4 Suitable graph sketch (Labelled axes and suitable heading)
[2]
[Total 12]
