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Class 09 - Science
Matter in Our Surrounding Test 01

1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Matter around us exists in three different states–solid, liquid and gas. These states of matter arise due to the variation in
the characteristics of the particles of matter. Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside
force. Solids may break under force but it is difficult to change their shape, so they are rigid. the difference in various
states of matter is due to the difference in the distances between the constituent particles. Pressure and temperature
determine the state of a substance, whether it will be solid, liquid or gas.

i. Which of the following is/are the characteristic/s of solid?

a) Fixed volumes
b) Distinct boundaries
c) Have a definite shape
d) All of these
ii. Applying pressure and reducing temperature can ________ gases.
a) None of these
b) Both (a) and (b)
c) Liquefy
d) Solidify
iii. Gas is converted to a liquid by:
a) Condensation
b) Vaporization
c) Sublimation
d) Fusion
iv. Solid CO2 gets converted directly to a gaseous state on ________ of pressure
a) may increase or decrease
b) decrease
c) increase
d) none of these
v. Solid is converted to a liquid by:
a) condensation
b) sublimation
c) vaporization
d) fusion
2. In the determination of boiling point of water correct reading in the thermometer is noted when :
a) water starts boiling
b) temperature starts rising
c) temperature becomes constant

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d) whole of the water evaporates
3. On suffering from fever which will lower down your body temperature, more ice or ice cold water?
4. In what ways are materials different from each other?
5. What is the physical state of water at:
i. 250oC
ii. 100oC
6. What is the physical state of water at 100oC.
7. Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid. Give reason.
8. The mass per unit volume of a substance is known as density ( density = mass/volume). Arrange the following in order
of increasing density:Air, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and iron.
9. What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
10. Define latent heat of vaporization and latent heat of fusion.
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11. Why is it that a wooden chair should be called a solid and not a liquid?
12. Differentiate between physical and chemical change?
13. a. What is evaporation? State the various factors which affect evaporation.
b. Why does evaporation cool a liquid?
14. Comment upon the following:
Rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy, and density.
15. Read the passage and answer any four questions:
The minimum temperature at which solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting
point. The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. The particles leave their
fixed positions and start moving more freely. A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid. The
process of melting, that is, change of solid state into a liquid state is also known as fusion. The temperature of the system
does not change after the melting point is reached, till all the ice melts.

i. ________ of a solid is an indication of the strength of the force of attraction between its particles.
a. boiling point
b. melting point
c. freezing point
d. none of these
ii. On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles
a. increases
b. decreases
c. became zero
d. none of these

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iii. The melting point of ice is
a. 432 K
b. 244.5 K
c. 273.15 K
d. 345.6 K
iv. Choose the correct statement from the following:
a. Conversion of solid into vapour without passing through the liquid state is called vapourisation.
b. Conversion of vapour into solid without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation
c. Conversion of vapour into solid without passing through the liquid state is called freezing.
d. Conversion of solid into liquid is called sublimation.
v. On converting 25°C, 38°C and 66°C to Kevlin scale, the correct sequence of temperature will be
a. 298 K, 311 K and 339 K
b. 298 K, 300 K and 338 K
c. 273 K, 278 K and 543 K
d. 298 K, 310 K and 338 K

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Class 09 - Science
Matter in Our Surrounding Test 01

Solution

1. i. (d) All of these

Explanation: All of these
ii. (c) Liquefy
Explanation: Liquefy
iii. (a) Condensation
Explanation: Condensation
iv. (b) decrease
Explanation: decrease
v. (d) fusion
Explanation: fusion
2. (c) temperature becomes constant
Explanation: Boiling point: The temperature at which the liquid boils and changes into gases state at the atmospheric
pressure is called the boiling point. In the determination of boiling point of water, correct reading on the thermometer is
noted when the temperature becomes constant.
3. Ice will lower down body temperature more because it will take latent heat of fusion from our body and fever will come
down faster.
4. Materials are different from each other in their mass, volume and shape.
5. 250oC - The boiling point of water is 100oC. Above this temperature water is converted into steam. Therefore, water will
be in gaseous state.
100oC - Water boils at 100∘C. Water can exists in both liquid as well as gaseous state.
6. The physical state of water at 100oC is gas (water vapour).
7. Naphthalene has a tendency to sublime i.e. it changes directly to the gaseous state. Therefore, the size of the naphthalene
balls slowly decreases and ultimately they disappear. No solid residue is left.
8. The increasing order of density for the given substances is:
Air, exhaust from chimneys, cotton, water, honey, chalk, iron. Actually, the density of a substance depends upon the
number of particles per unit volume as well as upon their mass. The number of the particles is related to their size as well
as the attractive forces among them.
9. As compared to boiling water it is observed that steam produces more severe burns since as the steam changes into
boiling water it releases heat of condensation which is equivalent to latent heat of water that's why the result is more
severe burning.
10. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a liquid into gas at
atmospheric pressure at its boiling point, i.e. without changing its state.
Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy that is required to change 1 kg of a solid into liquid at atmospheric
pressure at its melting point, i.e. without changing its state.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
11. A wooden chair should be called a solid not a liquid because the particles of wooden chair are very close to each other, it
has negligible compressibility and it maintains its shape when subjected to outside force.

12. Physical Changes Chemical Change

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1. It is not permanent and can easily be reversed. 1. It is permanent and cannot be easily reversed.

2. It does not lead to formation of new substances. 2. It leads to the formation of new substances.

3. No change in mass is noticed. 3. There is a change in mass of reactants and products.

4. The energy changes observed are small. 5. Large energy changes are observed.
13. a. The process of a liquid changing into vapour (gas) given below its boiling point is called evaporation. The various
factors affecting evaporation are as follows:
i. Temperature- The rate of evaporation increases by increasing the temperature of the liquid. When the
temperature of a liquid is increased by heating it, kinetic energy increases. The rate of evaporation increases and
becomes maximum at its boiling point.
ii. The Surface area of the liquid- The rate of evaporation increases on increasing the surface area of the liquid.
iii. The Humidity of air- when the rate of humidity is low, then the rate of evaporation is higher and water
evaporates readily. When the humidity of air is high, the rate of evaporation is reduced.
iv. Wind speed- The rate of evaporation of liquid increases with increasing wind speed.
b. Evaporation is followed by cooling is based on the fact that when a liquid evaporates, it draws the latent heat of
vaporization from anything which it touches.
14. Rigidity: The property due to which an object retains its shape and size is known as rigidity. Solids are rigid while
liquids and gases are not.
Compressibility: The property due to which a substance reduced to its lower volume when force is applied is called
compressibility. Gases are the most compressible while solids and liquids are not.
Fluidity: The property due to which a substance tends to flow is known as fluidity. Gases and liquids can flow, hence
they are known as fluids.
Filling gas container: Particles of a gas move freely in all the directions and occupy all the space available to them.
Hence, gas fills the container completely.
Shape: Solids have fixed shapes and boundaries. Liquid and gases have no fixed shape and definite boundaries.
Kinetic energy: The energy of particles of matter due to their movement is called their kinetic energy. Gases have
maximum kinetic energy among the three states of matter. Kinetic energy increases with the rise in temperature and vice-
versa.
Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance is called its density.
Density = Mass

V olume
or D =m

Generally, a substance has a maximum density in its solid-state as compared to a liquid or gaseous state. The units of
density are kgm-3 or gm-3.
15. i. (a) Boiling point
ii. (a) Increases
iii. (c) 273.15 K
iv. (b) Conversion of vapour into solid without passing through the liquid state is called sublimation.
v. (a) 298 K, 311 K and 339 K

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