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C programming language

This document provides a concise overview of key concepts in the C programming language, including basic syntax, functions, pointers, arrays, structures, memory management, file I/O, error handling, preprocessor directives, and compiling and running programs. Each section includes definitions and examples to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a quick guide for understanding fundamental aspects of C programming.

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2 views

C programming language

This document provides a concise overview of key concepts in the C programming language, including basic syntax, functions, pointers, arrays, structures, memory management, file I/O, error handling, preprocessor directives, and compiling and running programs. Each section includes definitions and examples to illustrate the concepts. It serves as a quick guide for understanding fundamental aspects of C programming.

Uploaded by

veerababu.testengineer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ah, got it!

If you're looking for notes or a quick guide on the C programming language, here’s a brief
overview of key concepts:

1. Basic Syntax

 Variables & Data Types: C has several built-in data types, such as int, char, float, double, and
void.

 Operators: Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %), relational (==, !=, <, >, <=, >=), logical (&&, ||, !), and
assignment (=, +=, -=, *=, /=).

 Control Flow: if, else, while, for, switch, break, continue.

2. Functions

 Functions are defined with a return type, name, and parameters (if any).

 Example:

 int add(int a, int b) {

 return a + b;

 }

3. Pointers

 Pointers store memory addresses, which are crucial for dynamic memory allocation and for
working with arrays or structures.

 Declaration: int *ptr;

 Dereferencing: *ptr to access the value at the pointer's address.

 Example:

 int a = 10;

 int *p = &a;

 printf("%d", *p); // Outputs 10

4. Arrays

 Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type.

 Example:

 int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

5. Structures

 Structures allow you to group different data types together.

 Example:

 struct Person {

 char name[50];
 int age;

 };

6. Memory Management

 Functions like malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free() help manage dynamic memory
allocation.

 Example:

 int *arr = (int *)malloc(5 * sizeof(int)); // Allocate memory

 free(arr); // Free allocated memory

7. File I/O

 C provides functions for working with files: fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fprintf(),
fscanf().

 Example:

 FILE *f = fopen("file.txt", "r");

 char ch = fgetc(f);

 fclose(f);

8. Error Handling

 Commonly done using errno (for system errors) or manually through condition checks.

 Example:

 if (f == NULL) {

 printf("Error opening file.\n");

 }

9. Preprocessor Directives

 Directives like #include and #define are used to include libraries and define
constants/macros.

 Example:

 #define PI 3.14

10. Compiling and Running

 C programs are typically compiled using a compiler like gcc and executed from the command
line.

 Command to compile: gcc program.c -o program

 Command to run: ./program

Is there a specific area you want to dive deeper into? Let me know if you need more examples or
explanations!

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