Program : M.A./M.Sc.

(Mathematics)
M.A./M.Sc. (Previous)
Paper Code:MT-04
Differential Geometry & Tensors
Section – B
(Short Answers Questions)

1. Show that the tangent at a point of the curve of the intersection of the
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
ellipsoid 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑡 is
𝑥 (𝑥−𝑥) 𝑦 ( 𝑌−𝑦) 𝑧(𝑍−𝑧)
= 𝑏2 = 𝑐2
𝑎 2 𝑏 2 −𝑐 2 (𝑎 1 −𝜆) 𝑐 2 −𝑎 2 (𝑏 2 −𝜆) 𝑎 2 −𝑏 2 (𝑐 2 −𝜆)

A M.T. -04, Pg. 08

2. Find the plane that has three point contact of origin with the curve
𝑎 = 𝑡 4 − 1, 𝑦 = 𝑓 3 − 1 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 2 − 1
A M.T. -04, Pg. 10
3. Prove that the condition that four consecutive points of a curve should be
𝑥′ 𝑦′ 𝑧′
coplanar is 𝑥 ′′ 𝑦 ′′ 𝑧 ′′ = 0
𝑥 ′′′ 𝑦 ′′′ 𝑧 ′′′
A M.T. -04, Pg. 13
4. Show that the tangent at any point of the curve whose equation are
𝑥 = 3𝑡, 𝑦 = 3𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 2𝑡 3 makes a constant angle with line 𝑦 = 𝑧 − 𝑥 = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 07
5. Find the osculating plane at the point ‘t’ on the helix 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝑡, 𝑦 =
𝑎sin𝑡, 𝑧=𝑐𝑡
A M.T. -04, Pg. 19
6. The necessary and sufficient condition for the curve to be a straight line is
that k = 0 at all points of the curve.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 34
7. If the tangent and binomial at al point of curve make angle 𝑣,  respectively
with a fixed directions then:
 sin 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 𝑘
. =±
sin  𝑑 𝜏
A M.T. -04, Pg. 35
8. Prove that the curve given by 𝑥 = 𝑎 sin 𝜇 , 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 cos 𝜇 lies on a
sphere.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 52
9. Prove that :
′′′ 2 ′′′ 2 ′′′ 2
1 1 + 𝛿 12
𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 = 2 2+
𝛿 𝜎 𝛿4
Where dashes denote differentiation with respect to ‘s’.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 53
10. Prove that the distance between corresponding points of te two curve is
constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 60
11. Prove that the tension of the twp Bertrand curves have the same sign and
their product is constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 62
12. Find the evalute of a circular helix given by 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos , 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin , 𝑧 =
𝑎tan𝛼
A M.T. -04, Pg. 65
13. Find the equation to the gonoid generated by lines parallel to the plane
𝑥2 𝑦2 2𝑧
XOY are drawn to intersect DX and the curve 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 , 𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐

A M.T. -04, Pg. 71

14. Prove that the points of the surface 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑎 𝑦 = +𝑧𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0 at
which the indicates is a rectangular Hyperbola, lie on the cone 𝑥 4 𝑦 + 𝑧 +
𝑦4 𝑧 + 𝑥 + 𝑧4 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 77
15. Find the equation of the developable surface which contains the two curves
𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑐𝑧, 𝑥 = 0 and also show that its edge
regression lies on the surface:
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧)2 = 3𝑎𝑏𝑥 (𝑏 + 𝑦)
A M.T. -04, Pg. 8965
16. Find the equations to the edge of regression of the devlopable 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑡 −
𝑡3 , 𝑧 = 𝑡3 − 𝑡6
A M.T. -04, Pg. 98
17. Prove that generators of a developable surface are tangents to curve.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 101
18. Prove that on a given surface a family of curves and their orthogonal
tranhection can always be chosen as parametric curves.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 129
19. On the paraboloid 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑧, find the orthogonal trajectories of the
setion by the planes z = constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 131
20. Let 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑢2 + 𝑢2 𝑑𝑣 2 be the metric of a given surface. Then find the family
of curves orthogonal to the curves UV = constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 132
21. Show that on a right helicoids te family of curves orthogonal to the curves
n cos v = constant is the family (𝑢2 + 𝑎2 ) ∆𝑚2 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
A M.T. -04, Pg. 134
22. State and prove meunienis theorem.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 143
23. Show that the curvature k at any point p of the curve of intersection of two
surfaces in given by 𝐾 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 = 𝑘1 2 + 𝑘2 2 − 2𝑘1 𝑘2 cos 𝛼 where
𝑘1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 the normal of curvatures of the surface in the direction of the
curve p and 𝛼 is angle between their normals at that point.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 146
24. Show that the surface 𝑒 𝑧 cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 163
25. Find the value of (i) first curvature (ii) Ganssion curvature at any point of
right helicoids 𝑥 = 𝑢 cos 𝑣, 𝑦 = sin 𝑣, 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑄
A M.T. -04, Pg. 164
26. Find the principal radip at the origin of the surface 2𝑧 = 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 .
Find the radius of curvature of the section x=y.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 167
27. To show that the directions given by 𝑃𝑑𝑢2 + 2𝑙 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 + 𝑅𝑑𝑣 2 = 0 are
conjugate if 𝐿𝑅 = 2 𝑀𝑅 + 𝑁𝑃 = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 180
28. Prove that on the surface 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 (Mange’s form) the equation of
asymptotic lines are :
𝑟𝑑𝑥 2 + 2 𝑠 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑡𝑑𝑦 2 = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 186
29. Prove hat for the surface 𝑥 = 3𝑢 1 + 𝑣 2 − 𝑢3 , 𝑦 = 3𝑣 1 + 𝑢2 −
𝑣 3 , 𝑧 = 3𝑢2 − 3𝑣 2 the asymptotic lines are 𝑢 ≠ 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 188
30. Prove that osculating plane at any point of a curved asymptotic lines is the
tangent plane to the surface.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 190
31. Prove that on the surface 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 torsian the asymptotic lines are :
𝑠 2 − 𝑟𝑡
±
(1 + 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 )
A M.T. -04, Pg. 194
32. Show that the curvature of an asymptotic line may be expressed as :
(𝑟 1 , 𝑟 ′ ) 𝑟 2 . 𝑟 ′′ ) 𝑟2 . 𝑟 ′ (𝑟 1 . 𝑟 ′′ )
𝐻
A M.T. -04, Pg. 195
33. Prove that the curves 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 are geodes pcs on a surface with
metric (1 + 𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢2 − 2𝑢𝑣 and 𝑣 + (1 + 𝑣 2 ) 𝑑𝑣 2
A M.T. -04, Pg. 208
𝑣3
34. Prove that the curves of the family 𝑢 3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 and geodesies on a
surface with metric 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑢2 = 2𝑢𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + 2𝑢2 𝑑𝑣 2 ; (𝑢 > 0, 𝑣 > 0)
A M.T. -04, Pg. 209
35. Prove that a curve on a geodesies if and only if it is a great circle.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 215
36. Find the Geodesic curvature of the curve u = constant on the surface
1
𝑥 = 𝑢 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑢 sin 𝜃 , 𝑧 = 2 𝑎𝑢2
A M.T. -04, Pg. 223
37. Gedoseics are drown on a catenoid so as to cross the meridpond at an angle
whose sine is c/u where u is the distance of the point of crossing from the
axis. Prove that the polar equation to their projection on the xy-plane is
𝑢−𝑐
= 𝑒 2(𝜃+𝛼) where 𝛼 is an arbitrary constant.
𝑢+𝑐
A M.T. -04, Pg. 230
38. Show that for a geodesic :
1 1 1 1 1
𝑧 2 = 𝐾 − 𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑏 − 𝐾 𝑜𝑟 = − −
𝜎2 𝛿 𝛿𝑎 𝛿𝑏 𝛿
A M.T. -04, Pg. 234
39. Find the Gaussian curvature at the point (u,v) of the ancher ring :
𝑟 = (𝑔 𝑢 cos 𝑣 , 𝑔 𝑢 sin 𝑣, 𝑓(𝑢))
A M.T. -04, Pg. 236
40. For any surface prove that :
𝜕 𝜕
(log 𝐻) = 1 + 𝑢 , (log 𝐻) = 𝑚 + 𝑣
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
Where u and v are parameters and symbols having their usual meaning.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 246
41. From the Gauss characteristic equation deduce that, when the parametric
curves are orthogonal :
1 𝜕 1 𝐺 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝐸
𝑘= +
𝐸𝐺 𝜕𝑢 𝐸 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝐺 𝜕𝑣
A M.T. -04, Pg. 247
42. State and prove Bonner’s theorem on parallel surfaces.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 252
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
43. If a vector has components 𝑥 , 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡 is rectangular Cartesian
coordinates then 𝑟 , 𝑣 are its components in polar coordinates.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 259
44. A Wuartant tensor of first order has components 𝑥𝑦, 2𝑦 − 𝑧 2 , 𝑥𝑧 in
rectangular coordinates. Determine its covariant components in spherical
coordinate.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 261
45. If 𝐴𝑖𝑗 be covariant tensor of second order and 𝐵 𝑖 , 𝐶 𝑖 are contravariant
vectors, prove that 𝐴𝑖𝑗 𝐵 𝑖 𝐶 𝑖 is an invariant
A M.T. -04, Pg. 263
46. If 𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑖 are arbitrary contravariant vectors and 𝐶𝑖𝑗 , 𝐴𝑖 𝐵 𝑖 is an invariant
show that 𝐶𝑖𝑗 is a covariant tensor of second order.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 271
47. If 𝐴𝑖𝑗 = 0 for i + j show that the conjugate tensor 𝐵 𝑖𝑗 = 0 for i + j and
1
𝐵 ′′ = 𝐴 𝑖𝑖 (no summation)
A M.T. -04, Pg. 274
48. Show that :
 (i) 𝑔𝑛𝑗 𝑔𝑖𝑘 − 𝑔𝑛𝑘 𝑔𝑖𝑗 𝑔𝑕𝑖 = 𝑁 − 1 𝑔𝑖𝑘
𝜕𝑘 𝜕𝑘 𝜕𝑘
(ii) 𝜕𝑥 𝑗 𝑔𝑛𝑘 𝑔𝑖𝑙 − 𝑔𝑛𝑙 𝑔𝑖𝑘 𝑔𝑕𝑗 = 𝜕𝑥 𝑘 𝑔𝑖𝑙 − 𝑔𝑖𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝑙

A M.T. -04, Pg. 283

49. Calculate the christoffed symbols corresponding tometric 𝑑𝑠 2 = (𝑑𝑥 ′ )2 +
𝐺 𝑥1 , 𝑥 2 (𝑑𝑥 2 )2 where G is a function of 𝑥1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2 .
A M.T. -04, Pg. 289
50. Surface of sphere is a two dimensional Riemannian space. Compute the
christoffel symbols.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 290
51. Prove that :
1 𝜕 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴𝑖𝑗 = (𝐴𝑖𝑗 𝑔) − 𝐴𝑘
𝑔 𝜕𝑥 𝑗 𝑖𝑗
Show that if associate tensor 𝐴𝑖𝑗 is symmetric then:
𝑗 1 𝜕 𝑗 1 𝑗𝑘 𝜕𝑔𝑗𝑘
𝐴𝑖,𝑗 = 𝐴𝑖 𝑔 − 𝐴
𝑔 𝜕𝑥 𝑗 2 𝜕𝑥 𝑖
A M.T. -04, Pg. 301
52. Prove that :
𝑖,𝑗 1 𝜕 𝑖
𝐴𝑗 = 𝑔 𝐴𝑖𝑗 + 𝐴𝑖𝑘
𝑔 𝜕𝑥 𝑗 𝑗𝑘

A M.T. -04, Pg. 302

53. To prove that :
1 𝜕
𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐴𝑖 = 𝑔𝑔𝑟𝑘 𝐴𝑘 = 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝐴𝑖
𝑔 𝜕𝑥 𝑟
Where 𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑖 ar the contravariant and covariant components of the
same vector A.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 305
54. If two unit vectors 𝐴𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑖 are defines along a curve C such that intrinsic
derivatives along are zero show that the angle between them is constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 312
55. If the intrinsic Derivative of a vector 𝐴𝑖 along a curve C vanish at every
point of the curve, then show that the magnitude of the vector 𝐴𝑖 is constant
along the curve.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 312
56. The necessary and sufficient condition that a system of coordinates be
geodesic with the pole 𝑃0 are that their second covariant derivative, with
respect to the metric of the space, al vanish at 𝑃0 .
A M.T. -04, Pg. 35
57. Show that the coordinate system 𝑥 −𝑖 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 −𝑖 = 𝑥 𝑖 +
1 𝑖
𝑥 𝑚 . 𝑥 𝑛 is a geodesic cootdinate system with the pole at origin.
2 𝑚𝑛

A M.T. -04, Pg. 326

58. Show that the vector 𝐵 𝑖 of variable magnitude suffers a parallel
displacement along a curve C if and only if :
𝑙 𝑖 𝑖 𝑙 𝑑𝑥 𝑖
𝐵 𝐵𝑗 − 𝐵 𝐵𝑗 =0
𝑑𝑠

A M.T. -04, Pg. 331

59. Prove that :
𝛼
(a) 𝑅.𝑖𝑗𝑘 has cyclic property in its subscripts i.e.
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
𝑅.𝑖𝑗𝑘 + 𝑅.𝑗𝑘𝑝 + 𝑅.𝑘𝑖𝑗 =0
𝛼
(b) 𝑅.𝑖𝑗𝑘 vanish an contradiction in 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 i.e.
𝛼
𝑅.𝑖𝑗𝑘 =0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 335
60. State and prove Banachs uf Identty.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 337
𝜕2𝐺
61. Prove that 𝑅1212 = −𝐺 𝜕𝑢 2 for the 𝑉2 whose line element is 𝑑𝑠 2 = 𝑑𝑢2 +
𝐺 2 𝑑𝑣 2 , where G is a function of u and v.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 338
62. Prove that the divergence of Einstein tensor vanishes i.e. 𝐺𝑗𝑖,𝑖 = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 340
63. Prove that an Einstein space 𝑉𝑁 (𝑁 > 2) has constant curvature.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 341
64. The metric of 𝑉2 formed by the surface of sphere of radius a is : 𝑑𝑠 2 =
𝑎2 𝑑𝑣 2 + 𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 2 in a spherical polar coordinates. Show that the
1
curvature of the surface is 𝑎 2 , which is constant.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 342
65. State and prove schur’s theorem.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 344
66. If the metric of a two dimensional flat space it 𝑓 𝑟 (𝑑𝑥1 )2 (𝑑𝑥 2 )2 where
(𝑟)2 = (𝑥1 )2 + (𝑥 2 )2 show that 𝑓 𝑟 = 𝐶 (𝑟)𝑘 where c and k aree
constants.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 345
67. In a 𝑉2 Prove that :
(i) 𝑅 𝑔𝑖𝑗 𝑔𝑟𝑗 − 𝑔𝑖𝑗 𝑔𝑟𝑘 = −2 𝑅.𝑟𝑖𝑗𝑘
And hence that : 𝑔𝑅𝑖𝑘 = −2𝑅1212
A M.T. -04, Pg. 346
68. Show that for the right holicoed:
𝑟 = (𝑢 cos 𝑣, 𝑢 sin 𝑣, 𝑐𝑣) ,𝑙 = 0, 𝑚 = 0,
𝑢
𝑛 = −𝑢 , 𝜆 = 0, 𝜇 = 2 ,𝑣 = 0
(𝑛 + 𝑐 2 )
A M.T. -04, Pg. 246
69. State and prove gauss characteristic equations :
A M.T. -04, Pg. 242
70. Show that the curves 𝑑𝑢1 − (𝑢2 + 𝑐 2 ) 𝑑𝑣 2 = 0 from an orthogonal system
on the right helicoids :
𝑟 = (𝑢 cos 𝑣, 𝑢 sin 𝑣, 𝑐𝑣)
A M.T. -04, Pg. 133
71. Determine the function f(0) so that 𝑥 = cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑣, 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑣) shall
be a plane curve.
A M.T. -04, Pg. 42
72. Prove that the principals normed at cinseculwe points of a curve do not
intersect unless z = 0
A M.T. -04, Pg. 36