CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Company Profile

INFOWIZ is leading strategic IT Company offering integrated IT solution. INFOWIZ is

having rich experience managing global clients across various business verticals and align
IT strategies to achieve business goals. The various accreditations that we achieved for
every service, we offer reflect our commitment towards the quality assurance.
INFOWIZ is a 7 years young organization with an ISO Certification & a member of
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII membership number – N4654P ) . We also
provide the off shore companies of US, UK, France, Ireland, Canada and Australia with
quality and timely Web and SEO services.

INFOWIZ is an organization which is established in the field of Web Development (PHP

& .NET), JAVA (Core as well as Advance), I-phone & Android Applications, Embedded
systems (AVR, PIC & ARM), ROBOTICS and Networking (MCSE, CCNA & RHSE),
Mechanical Engineering (CRDi, CATIA, VVT, VCR, ABS, CRUISE CONTROL, PRO-
E, SOLID WORKS).

Our skilled team of professionals make sure that the product is developed as per the
customer’s needs and keeping the customer informed about the development of their
project from time to time. We do not only emphasize on formulating an attractive solution
to our clients but also believe in providing a workable solution. INFOWIZ offers research
based Search Engine Marketing products that help achieve greater insights to customer’s
online business. Our Research & Development arm offers SEO tools for SEM
professionals.

INFOWIZ also provides Technical Support & Consultancy to Software Companies like
JIA Group, Newzealand, Sagitech solutions Panchkula, Jarcinfotech Mohali, Infonet
SolutionDelhi,web it solutions, Speedinforays etc.

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1.2 Introduction Of Project
Project Title: Clinic Management System
Project Manager: Mr. Surneel Goyal
Project Advisor: Mrs. Navneet Kaur
Project category: Web Application
Clinic Management System is a website that is used for Online Appointments.
It includes a Login page,Appointments which can follow links to submit details in
database, and database is used to store the information about the clients that had filled
booking a appointment. More over the security and authentication both concepts are kept
in mind while making this web site. It is written in PHP and uses MySQL as it’s back end
database

1.2.1 Purpose

This document is to describe all the software requirement specification (SRS) for the
Clinic Management System. The system aims to help the patients to take appointment
online through internet and track their records through it.Polyclinic has been facing
problems due to its paper‐based appointment system. With the increase in the number of
patients visiting, it has become difficult to manage the appointment system manually.The
purpose of this project is to solve these complications by creating custom‐built database
software to manage the appointment system. For the receptionist it makes easy to set date
and time for the treatment of the patient to the relevant doctor.Doctor enters medical
prescription and receptionist takes the print.It also helps to maintain doctor’s consultation
fee, Laboratories and Testing charges automatically. And maintaining the employee
salary and its expenses.

1.2.2 Document Conventions

When writing this document it was inherited that all requirements have the different
priority levels. The levels of authentication are provided in four different aspects i.e. The
Admin, the Receptionist, The Doctors and The Patients.

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 1.2.2 Intended Users and Reading Suggestions

← Developers:in order to be sure they are developing the right project that fulfills
requirements provided in this document.
← Testers:in order to have an exact list of the features and functions that has to
respond according to requirements and provided diagrams.
← Users:in order to get familiar with the idea of the project and suggest other
features that would make it even more functional.
←
1.2.3 Objective of Project
Basic purpose of this web site is to save precious time of user by making process online
and giving access to patients to view different holiday packages.The database will keep
record of all the details of clients. Moreover, the security and authentication both concepts
are kept in mind while making this web site.

1.2.3 Key Features

 Data is secured under password protection.
 Facility to easily add, finds, edit and delete any information by ADMIN.
 User friendly.
 Efficient performance

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1.2.3 Technologies Used
 PHP:It originally stood for “personal home page” but now it is called
“hypertext preprocessor”. It is the server side scripting language used for
making the dynamic web pages.
 JAVASCRIPT: It is also a scripting language but it is client side scripting
language. Generally it is used for the form validation.
 HTML: Well each and every web page is made up in the html (hypertext
markup language). It is generally used for designing the attractive front end.
 CSS: Web page alone is nothing if you never used CSS(cascading style sheet).
It is generally used for the change the style of html elements. It has three types
1. Internal CSS 2. External CSS 3. Inline CSS.
 MYSQL: Mysql is most popular database management system for web servers.
Developed in the mid 1990’s. This language is loosely based on English and is
also used on other databases such as Oracle and Microsoft SQL server. It is
designed to allow simple requests from a database via command.
 WAMP: Wamp Server is a Web development platform on Windows that
allows you to create dynamic Web applications with Apache2, PHP, and
MySQL. Wamp Server automatically installs everything you need to
intuitively develope Web applications. You will be able to tune
your server without even touching its setting files..

1.2.4 Project Requirements

1. Hardware Requirements
 Processor I3
 RAM:-2GB for developer & 4 GB for production use.
 Hard Disk: - 80GB
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Printer
2. Software Requirements
 Windows XP,Windows 7 as an Operating System
 Technology(php script, javascript, html, xml, css,Mysql)
 IDE (Mysql querybrowser Adobe Dreamweaver CS5.5)
 XAMPP(as a local server)
 Office 2007,2010

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 1.2.5 Goals of proposed system
1. Planned approach towards working: - The working in the organization will
be well planned and organized. The data will be stored properly in data stores,
which will help in retrieval of information as well as its storage.
2. Accuracy: - The level of accuracy in the proposed system will be higher. All
operation would be done correctly and it ensures that whatever information
incoming from the center is accurate.
3. Reliability:- The reliability of the proposed system will be high due to the
above stated reasons. The reason for the increased reliability of the system is
that now there would be proper storage of information.
4. No Redundancy: - In the proposed system almost care would be that no
information is repeated anywhere, in storage or otherwise. This would assure
economic use of storage space and consistency in the data stored.
5. Immediate retrieval of information:- The main objective of proposed system
is to provide for a quick and efficient retrieval of information. Any type of
information would be available whenever the user requires.
6. Immediate storage of information: - In manual system there are many
problems to store the largest amount of information.
7. Easy to Operate: - The system should be easy to operate and should be such
that it can be developed within a short period of time and fit in the limited
budget of the user.

1.2.5 Methodology
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In this Project we are using Classic SDLC methodology.

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) or software development process is a

process of creating or altering information systems, and the models and methodologies
that people use to develop these systems. It aims to produce a high quality system that
meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within time and cost
estimates.

A System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adheres to important phases that are
essential for developers, such as planning, analysis, design, and implementation, and
are explained in the section below. A number of system development life cycle(SDLC)
models have been created: waterfall, fountain, spiral, build and fix, rapid prototyping,
incremental and synchronize and stabilize. The oldest of these and best known is the
waterfall model. It is a sequence of stages in which the output of each stage becomes
the input for the next. These stages can be characterized and divided up in different
ways including the following:

1. Project Planning: Establishes a high-level view of the intended project and

determines its goals.

2. System Analysis: Defines project goals into defined functions and operation of the
intended application. Analyzes end user information needs.

3. System Design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen
layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code and other documentation.

4. Implementation: The real code is written here.

5. Integration and Testing: Brings all the pieces together into a special testing
environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.

6. Acceptance, Installation, Deployment: The final stages of initial development,

where the software is put into production and runs actual business.

7. Maintenance: What happens during the rest of the software’s life: changes,
correction, additions, and moves to a different computing platform and more .

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 Fig.1.1 SDLC

The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project
management that describes the stages involved in an information system development
project from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.
Various SDLC methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved
including the waterfall model (the original SDLC method), rapid application development
(RAD), joint application development (JAD), the fountain model and the spiral model.
Mostly, several models are combined into some sort of hybrid methodology.
Documentation is crucial regardless of the type of model chosen or devised for any
application, and is usually done in parallel with the development process. Some methods
work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important
factor for the success of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed.

8
 Chapter2: Problem Definition

 Before this, the management of the clinic is done manually.

 There are some problem arise especially for the data retrieval.
 Clinic has a problem of loss of patient data.
 There is also redundant patient data if the patient not sure whether they have
come to the clinic before.So the clerk consider the patient as a new patient
and add new data
 Currently, the inventory for the medicine is done manually. The management
of the clinic also have to takes times to check for the medicine inventory.

2.1 Modules

The modules for project are:

 Administrative Module
 User Module

2.1.1 Administrative Module

This is the main module. All the operations are performed in this module. The access
to database is with the admin so the administrator makes update to the content of the
website on periodic basis and admin has right to grant privileges as well as can
revoke privileges from any user at any time he can even check for the details of any
user.
Admin has very tough duty to manage all the details as well as to monitor each and
every user to provide satisfaction to every customer who is linked with our service.

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 2.1.2 User Module

User interacts with the website through user module. User will be able to view the
product details, can monitor the phases which their developed project undergoes,
can also propose the desired changes. He can also view the products of website that
have been updated by admin.

Type of users
1. Front End Used

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used
as a general-purpose programming language. PHP is now installed on more than 244
million websites and 2.1 million web servers. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf
in 1995, the reference implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group.
While PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, it now stands for PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor, a recursive acronym.
PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module which
generates the resulting web page: PHP commands can be embedded directly into an
HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. It has
also evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in
standalone graphical applications. PHP is free software released under the PHP
License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to
restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.
PHP can be deployed on most web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost
every operating system and platform, free of charge.
Why PHP?
 Php run perfectly on different operating system such as window, linux, unix and
so on
 Php is compatible with almost all web servers used today(apache ).

 Php is free to download from the official php resource: http://www.php.net.

 Php is easy to learn and runs efficiently and swiftly on any compatible web
server.

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2. Back End Used
MySQL

MySQL is the world's most popular open source database software, with over 100
million copies of its software downloaded or distributed throughout it's history. With
its superior speed, reliability, and ease of use, MySQL has become the preferred
choice for Web, Web 2.0, SaaS, ISV, Telecom companies and forward-thinking
corporate IT Managers because it eliminates the major problems associated with
downtime, maintenance and administration for modern, online applications.
Many of the world's largest and fastest-growing organizations use MySQL to save
time and money powering their high-volume Web sites, critical business systems,
and packaged software — including industry leaders such as Yahoo!, Alcatel-Lucent,
Google, Nokia, YouTube, Wikipedia, and Booking.com.
The flagship MySQL offering is MySQL Enterprise, a comprehensive set of
production-tested software, proactive monitoring tools, and premium support
services available in an affordable annual subscription.
MySQL is a key part of WAMP (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python),
the fast-growing open source enterprise software stack. More and more companies
are using LAMP as an alternative to expensive proprietary software stacks because of
its lower cost and freedom from platform lock-in.
MySQL was originally founded and developed in Sweden by two Swedes and a
Finn: David Axmark, Allan Larsson and Michael "Monty" Widenius, who had
worked together since the 1980's

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 Fig.2.1 MySQL

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How to Create Database

Fig.2.2 Creation of Database

13
 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM STUDY

3.1 Introduction To PHP

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)

It is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially
suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.It is much easier to use
and provides access to variables and their values as submitted using HTML. PHP is a
general purpose server side scripting language originally designed for Web
development to produce dynamic Web pages. It is one of the first developed server-
side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document rather than
calling an external file to process data. The code is interpreted by a Web server with a
PHP processor module which generates the resulting Web page. It also has evolved to
include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical
applications. PHP can be deployed on most Web servers and also as a standalone shell
on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. A competitor to
Microsoft’s Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar
languages, PHP is installed on more than 20 million Web sites and 1 million Web
servers. Software that uses PHP includes Media Wiki, Joomla, Word press, Concrete5,
My BB, and Drupal.

3.1.1 Advantages of PHP

1. PHP is accessible.
2. It is available for free.
3. It is available with documentation in many languages.
4. There are many support groups, forums, and teams supporting PHP.
5. There is a wealth of online information regarding PHP.
6. It is quick to develop in PHP.
7. PHP is loosely typed, which makes basic scripts much faster to develop with less
attention to design.
8. PHP is flexible. Use OOP or not. Use naming convention(s) or not.
9. It runs on many different operating systems
10.It can be optimized for performance closer to more established compile languages.

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3.1.2 Scope of PHP
If you are planning to build your career in Web technology then PHP is the best
programming scripting language to learn and is also a good career option. PHP is
basically a scripting language used for web development. The websites created by PHP
are dynamic and attractive. So Because of this reason it is demanded the most in web
technology. PHP is an open source so is used freely without any cost and so greatly in
demand.
Scope in PHP really high as PHP is a language knows in the world of technology since
many years. So it has gained the maximum popularity in this era.

3.1.3 How PHP works?

When a user navigates in her browser to a page that ends with a php extension , the
request is sent to a web server , which directs the request to the PHP interpreter , the PHP
interpreter processes the page , communicating with the file systems , databases and email
servers as necessary and then deliver a web page to the web server to return to the
browser.
3.1.4 Characteristics of PHP

PHP is about providing the programmer with the necessary tools to get the job done in a
quick and efficient fashion. Five important characteristics make

PHP’s practical nature possible:

1. Familiarity
2. Simplicity
3. Efficiency
4. Security
5. Flexibility
6. One final characteristic makes PHP particularly interesting: it’s free!

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3.2 Introduction To HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language is very effective language to develop the site. Our
project is prepared in HTML. It also includes the important codes that are used while
we coding a site. It supports the d-html and script languages like VB-Script and Java
Script; here in this project we have used the later one.

HTML is a very simple language, easy to learn and user friendly. It is as popular as it
can use any text editor for coding purposes, and developing web pages is a easy task
here. HTML is the language interpreted by browsers. Web pages are also called
HTML documents. HTML is a set of special Codes that can be emended in text to
add formatting and linking Information. HTML is specified as tags in an HTML
documents i.e the Web page.

3.2.1 HTML Tags

 Paired Tags:
Tags are instructions that are emended directly into the text of Pair tags called
closed tags because it begin < >and close</>.
 Singular Tags :
A singular tags not have a companion tag e.g. <BR>some tags that we used in our
project describe in brief given below:-

<HTML>it is used to start.

<HEAD> it is used to place the information about the program.

<TITLE>it is used to give the title of the information.

<BR>it is used to break a line.

<H1> to <H6>it is used to give the size of the specific heading.

 How to Put a JavaScript Into an HTML Page

To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, we use the <script> tag. Inside the
<script> tag we use the type attribute to define the scripting language. So, the <script
type="text/java script"> and </script> tells where the JavaScript starts and ends: The
word document. write is a standard JavaScript command for writing output to a page.
By entering the document. write command between the <script> and </script> tags.

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Features of HTML:

 An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor.

 HTML file must have an htm or html file extension.

 An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags.

 The markup tags tell the browser how to display the page.

 HTML is a display only technology.

3.3 Introduction To Java Script

Today’s world need much more than simple HTML. There is a definite need to allow
user to not only browse but interact with web site too. This is traditionally done with the
help of forms, to satisfy such needs java script is a great tool. Moreover it helps in event
driven programs; all these facilities and even more are available with java Script.

Java Script is an object oriented language that allows creation of interactive web pages.
Java Script allows user entries which are loaded into an HTML form to be processed as
required. This empowers a web site to return site information according to a user’s
requests.

Java Script offers a great advantage to web developers as a short development cycle,
easy of learning, small size script and so on. It needs a browser that is to be java
compatible. The most commonly used is Netscape Communicator, and even the newer
versions of windows browser.

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3.3.1 Advantages
The main advantages of Java Script are:

 Can be used as embedded with HTML.

 Minimal syntax, easy to learn.

 Good performance, procedural qualities, designed for simple, small programs.

 Easy debugging and testing.

 Designed for programming user events.

 Platform independent and architecture neutral

3.4 Introduction To CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup
language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and
XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document,
including plain XML.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in

HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including
elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts.[1] This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of
presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for table
less web design).

CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for
different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by
a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It
can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the
screen size or device on which it is being viewed.

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Simple definition of CSS:

 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

 Styles define how to display HTML elements

 Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem

 External Style Sheets can save a lot of work

 External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

An "external" CSS style sheet file, as described below, can be associated with an
HTML document using the following syntax:

Syntax:

<link href="path/to/file.css" rel="stylesheet">

3.4.1 Types of Styles Sheets

Style sheets allow style information to be specified in many ways. Styles can be
specified inside a single HTML element, inside the <head> element of an HTML page,
or in an external CSS file. Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside
a single HTML document.

Generally speaking we can say that all the styles will "cascade" into a new "virtual"
style sheet by the following rules, where number four has the highest priority:

 Browser default

 External style sheet

 Internal style sheet (inside the <head> tag)

 Inline style (inside an HTML element)

So, an inline style (inside an HTML element) has the highest priority, which means
that it will override a style declared inside the <head> tag, in an external style sheet, or
in a browser (a default value).

If the external style sheet link is placed below the internal style sheet in HTML
<head>, the external style sheet will override the internal style sheet.

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3.5 Introduction To MySQL Database
It is the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed,
distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation. MySQL (pronounced My-Ess-
Que-Ell ) is a very fast, robust, relational database management system (RDBMS).A
database enables you to efficiently store, search, sort, and retrievedata.The MySQL
server controls access to your data to ensure that multiple users can work with it
concurrently, to provide fast access to it, and to ensure that only authorized users can
obtain access. Hence, MySQL is a multiuser, multithreaded server. It uses Structured
Query Language (SQL), the standard database query language.

Some of MySQLs Strengths

 High performance
 Low cost

3.5.1 Advantages Of MySQL

MySQL is a popular database with Web developers. Its speed and small size make it
ideal for a Web site. Add to that the fact that it’s open source, which means free, and
we have the foundation of its popularity. Here is a run down of some of its
advantages: It’s fast. The main goal of the folks who developed MySQL was speed.
Thus, the software was designed from the beginning with speed in mind.It’s
inexpensive. MySQL is free under the open source GPL license, and the fee .

3.6 System Requirements

3.6.1 Hardware and Software Used

1. Client machine accessing PHP application

 Any machine that can access a webpage
2. Development machine for PHP MySql application
 Operating System: Any
 Software: WAMP Server, Dreamweaver Editor
 Hardware: 80GB HardDisk, 2GB RAM

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3.6.2 Reuirement Analysis
A requirement is feature of that must be included in the system. Before the actual design
and implementation start, getting to know the system to be implemented is of prime
importance.

3.6.3 Requirement Specification

1. Functional Requirements

The part of report deals with services that the system is going to provide, how
system should react to the particular inputs and the system behavior under
particular situations.

It includes the objective of the software project, a brief description of the interfaces
of the flow of data is given below:

 According to company’s requirement the project must deal with all the
functionalities of the current system, must overcome its drawbacks and it
provides all technical feasibilities.

 Security must be there, so that only authorized person can operate.

 Modifications and additions must be done by authorized user only.

2. Non-Functional Requirements

This art of document describes the system properties and constraints placed on the
system and development process. Non-functional requirements arise through user
needs because of budget constraints, because of organizational polices, because of
need for interoperability with other software or hardware system or because of
external factors such as safety regulations, privacy legislation and so on.

An analyzed system has to run under following constraints:

 System developed should run on Windows 98/2000/NT/7 platform.

 The interface must be simple enough, so that operator can use it without much
training.

 System must be fully secured to protect it from any malicious or unauthorized

use.

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 CHAPTER 4: FEASIBILITY STUDY
A feasibility study looks at the viability of an idea with an emphasis on identifying
potential problems and attempts to answer one main question: Will the idea work and
should you proceed with it?
Before you begin writing your business plan you need to identify how, where, and to
whom you intend to sell a service or product. You also need to assess your
competition and figure out how much money you need to start your business and
keep it running until it is established.
Feasibility studies address things like where and how the business will operate. They
provide in-depth details about the business to determine if and how it can succeed,
and serve as a valuable tool for developing a winning business plan.
Why Are Feasibility Studies so Important?
The information you gather and present in your feasibility study will help you:
3 List in detail all the things you need to make the business work
 Identify logistical and other business-related problems and solutions
 Develop marketing strategies to convince a bank or investor that your business is
worth considering as an investment; and
 Serve as a solid foundation for developing your business plan.

Even if you have a great business idea you still have to find a cost-effective way to
market and sell your products and services. This is especially important for store-
front retail businesses where location could make or break your business. For
example, most commercial space leases place restrictions on businesses that can have
a dramatic impact on income. A lease may limit business hours/days, parking spaces,
restrict the product or service you can offer, and in some cases, even limit the
number of customers a business can receive each day.

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4.1 Types

There are various measures of feasibility that helps to decide whether a particular project
is feasible or not. These measures include –

 Economic Feasibility: An evaluation of development cost weighted against the

ultimate income or benefit derived from the developed system.
 Technical Feasibility: A study of function, performance and constraints that may
affect the ability to achieve an acceptable system.
 Operational Feasibility: A study about the operational aspects of the system.

Each of these types will be explained in detail throughout the project report

1. Operational Feasibility

A proposed system is beneficial only if it can be turned into an information system that
will meet the operational requirements of an organization. A system often fails if it does
not fit within existing operations and if users resist the change.

Important issues a systems developer must look into are:

 Will the new system be used if implemented in an organization?

 Are there any major barriers to implementation or is proposed system accepted

without destructive resistance?

Another important fact to be regarded is the security control, which is handled by the
system. Since data regarding each Customer and the Organization is confidential, security
is a key issue. Information falling into the wrong hands could jeopardize the entire
organization. Unlike in semi-computerized systems

The proposed system offers adequate control to organize our files online and share with
the users and Security of data and information. This is handled by the system providing
individuals with separate login names and passwords.

The new system is user-friendlier, which enables the end-user to complete his/her work
efficiently and accurately with interest. After taking the above fact into consideration we
can state the operating of the proposed system within the organization is feasible.

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In this phase of the feasibility study the following two main topics

1. Technical Performance Aspect and

2. Acceptance within the organization

Technical performance aspect is explained in the technical feasibility report and there
is no new information is needed in this to explain it again. but as for the acceptance
within the organization the following points are important and those are explained
according to the topics

Whether the new system affects the current users in the system?
The new proposed system will affect the users in the following areas
 Accuracy
 Efficiency
 Productivity
 Robustness
 Lesser time consuming

2. Techanical Feasibility
Based on the outline design of the system requirements in terms of inputs, output,
Procedures, the technical issues raised during technical feasibility include:

 Does the necessary technology exist to do what is proposed?

 Does the proposed equipment have the technical capacity to hold the data required
to use in the new system?
 Adequate responses provided by the proposed system?
 Is the system flexible enough to facilitate expansion?
 Is there any technical guarantee of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data
security?
The system developer’s task is to view needed capabilities in light of currently
available technology. Our site works hand in hand with high technology. A database
has to be maintained in order to update and backup data whenever required. To create
databases we use SQL server. After taking the above facts into consideration we can
state that the new proposed system is technically feasible.

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3. Economical Feasibility
In making recommendations a study of the economics of the proposed system should be
made. Even though finding out the costs of the proposed project is difficult we assume
and estimate the costs and benefits as follows.

The financial and the economic questions during the preliminary investigation are
verified to estimate the following.

 Cost to conduct a full system investigation.

 The cost of hardware and software for the class of application being considered.
 The benefits in the form of reduced cost.
 The proposed system will give the minute information, as a result the performance is
improved which in turn may be expected to provide increased profits.
 This feasibility checks whether the system can be developed with the available funds.

The Clinic Management System does not require enormous amount of money to be
developed. This can be done economically if planned judicially, so it is economically
feasible. The cost of project depends upon how much information will be containing it.

25
 CHAPTER 5: PROJECT PLAN
In Project plan we will decide about the team structure that how many members should
be there in a team in order to complete the project and then we will discuss about the
Development schedule that in how many days or months the project should be
complete and then we will discuss about the programming language which will be
used in to develop the project. So before developing the project we will discuss about
the project plan.

5.1 Team Structure

As this project is a live project and the company has given me the opportunity to work
on this project. In this project there is one Technical Leader and one Senior Software
Engineer. Two trainees allotted for this project and project is progressed under the
supervision of all the team members.

Technical Leader

Software Engineer

Traineer Traineer

Fig 5.1 Team Structure

26
5.2 Development Schedule

The work in developing the new system commenced immediately with our first meeting
with the management and users thereafter we were in continuous touch with the
management and client.

Phases involved in the development of the system

 specifications

 Actual coding started Identify needs and benefits

 Held meetings with the management and client

 Studied and identified the existing system

 Identify needs and project constraints

 Established project statements

 Prepared a detailed report of the existing system at work

 Prepare the software requirements

5.3 Programming Languages

Front End:- PHP with HTML and CSS

Back End:- My SQL

27
 CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system and their
relationship within and outside of the system. In general view system is collection of
people, procedures and equipments. People are not the only important component of
any information system. Information is produced and used by people in an
organization in their everyday activities to make decisions. Information system
establishes procedures ensuring that right people receive right data at right time.
These procedures determine what is to be done at it enter and passed through the
system. System analysis is the method that is used to analyze the system, design them
and build them. Analysis is used to gain an understanding of existing and what is
required in system. The analysis phase ends with the system description and a set of
requirement of the new system. Analysis is a process of diagnosis the situation with
the boundaries of system kept in mind to produce a report based own findings.
Identification of need
Detailed information requirement analysis of organization is collected from present
system. As a person has to be changed with the prevailing conditions of society, in
the same a system has to be changed accordingly. Computerized organization is the
today’s demand. In comparison to the old system, the computerized system is more
reliable and cost effective. In the present organization, the data is scattered whereas
the data should be integrated at one place so that the modifications can be made
easily and it becomes easy for any authorized person to get information from these
files.

Preliminary investigation
To meet the above-mentioned requirement, we need a system that has the tools of
PHP. It should be a simple system because the user going to use it are not much
familiar with these kind of systems so it should be a simple, easy to use an
understandable to all persons.

28
6.1 Objectives
 Efficiency: when all the work is done by computer then it will increase the
efficiency, so all the activities will be done fastely.
 This system also save time for making test results..
The existing system was manual system in which all records were kept in registers. All
processing was done manually. All these registers have to be stored for many years to for
keeping of the records. For all these, a lot of time was consumed and a number of persons
were involved. Different persons keep different records and a lot of place was required to
store documents.
Furthermore, when we wanted to see the record of any student, we don't get all the
information from one register. One has to go through many registers and from one person
to another person to collect all the information, which resulted in wastage of time. The
problem could be automating an existing manual process, developing a new automated
system, or a combination of the two. The developer has to develop the systems to satisfy
the client’s need The developer usually does not understand the client’s problem domain,
and the client often does not understand the issues involved in software systems.

6.2 Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)

A data flow diagram, in the simple words, is a hierarchical graphical modal of a system
that shows the different processing activities or functions that system performs and the
data interchange in this function. In the DFD terminology, it is useful to consider each
function as process that consumes some input data & produces some output data.
The DFD (also known as the bubble chart) is a simple graphical formalism that can be
used to represent a system in terms of the input data to the system, various processing
carried out on this data & output data generated by the system. DFD is very simple
formalism. It is simple to understand & use. A is use very limited number of primitive
symbols to represent the functions performed by a system & the data flow among these
function. Human mind is such that it can easily understand any hierarchical model of a
system, because in a hierarchical model, starting with a very simple & abstract model of a
system; different details of the system can be slowly introduced through different
hierarchies.

29
Primitive symbols Used For Constructing DFD’s:

1. Function symbol

Process

A function symbol is representing as circle. This symbol is called a PROCESS or a

BUBBLE. Bubbles are annotated with the names of corresponding Functions. It
represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into the outgoing data flow.

2. External entity Symbol

External Entity

An external entity such as a manager, customer etc. is represented by a rectangle.

The external entities are essentially those physical entities external to the software,
which interact with the system by inputting data to the system or by consuming the
data produced by the system. In other words, it defines the source or destination of
the system data.
3. Data Flow Symbol

An arrow identifies data flow in the motion. An arrow represent the data flow
occurring between two processes, in which direction of the data flow arrow.

30
 4. Data Store Symbol

An open rectangle is a data store – data at rest, or a temporary repository of data.

Doctor

Doctor info is print out Doctor register their info

Patient gets info

when required Clinic
Patient Patient info is print Patient
Management
File System

Patient register their info Patient register their info

Doctor gets their Doctor register their info

Info when required

Doctor
File

Fig. 6.1 Data Flow Diagram For Project

31
6.3 ER Diagram

The entity relationship (ER DIAGRAM) data modal is based on the perception of a
real world that consists of collection of the basic objects called ENTITIES & of
relationships among these objects. An entity is a objects in the real world that is
distinguishable from other objects
 The constructs used in the ER modal can easily be transformed into relational
tables.
 This modal can be used by the database designer to communicate the design to
the end user.

Basic Constructs Of ER Diagram

1. ENTITIES
Entities are usually recognizable concepts, either concrete or abstract such as
person, places, things or events, which have relevance to the database.

ENTITY

2. RELATIONSHIPS

A relationship represents an association among two or more entitles.

Relationship

3. ATTRIBUTE

Attribute describe the properties of the entity of which they are associated. A
particular instance of an attribute is a value.

32
4. KEY ATTRIBUTE

Attribute

A key attribute is the UNIQUE, distinguishing characteristic of the entity

6.4 Methodology Adopted

Prototyping Model has been used for software development according to

which a throwaway prototype of the proposed system, based on the
currently known requirements, is given to the user so that he has a fair idea
about how the proposed system is going to be like. This will help him in
deciding the interface, input and output requirements. It can be easily
adjudged that inputs and outputs are big in number, can increase
exponentially and may create a big chaos if not restricted properly.
As the user spends some time on the prototype, he will become more
precise about his own input and output requirements. This prototype will
provide him with an environment analogous to the proposed system’s
environment.
Because of object oriented support in PHP, various concepts (like
reusability, polymorphism, isolation etc.) are already there but for the
efficient management of system components, Component based Software
Engineering will also be exercised which will help in a resultant library of
components, the benefit of which will be reusability and fast development.
Because of lack of hierarchical structure in object oriented approach, there
is no meaning of Bottom-up or Top-down testing. Testing will begin from
the most rudimentary levels of the system and will move towards higher
level components which will be based on design phase rather than coding
phase. In little words, it can be said that ‘CLUSTER Testing’ will be
exercised to scrutinize all the parts and their associative functionality.

33
 CHAPTER 7: SYSTEM DESIGN

“System Analysis” describes what a system should do to meet the info needs of users
while “System Design” specifies how the system will accomplish this objective. This is
most creative and challenging phase of system life cycle. The term ‘design’ describes a
final system and process by which it is developed. It refers to the technical specifications.
There are two methods for the system design stage in SDLC

 Describing Activities of System Design

System Design is divided into two activities
1. Logical Design Activity
2. Physical Design Activity
Both activities produce System Specifications satisfying the system

7.1 Requirements developed in System Analysis Stage

Logical System Design involves developing general specification for how the basic IS
activities of input, processing, output, storage and can meet the end user requirements. At
this stage, we start giving shape to our database which includes detail structure of various
tables used to store information.

Physical System Design involves the detailed design of user interface methods and
products, database structures, processing & control procedures. Hardware (machine,
media), software (program and procedures) & personnel specifications are also developed
for purpose system. At this point of development we designed our forms, menus and
procedures and decided about hardware (CD-ROM) and other software requirements and
put then in work.

It must also specify how such resources will convert data resources (stored in files and
database they design) into info products (displays, responses, reports and documents).
Methods of different products

It is another way to look at System design and focus on three major products or
deliverables that should result from design stage. In this framework, System Design
consists of three activities:

User Interface Design: The user interface design activity focuses on designing the
interactions between users and computer system. It concentrates input methods and
conversion of data and information between human-readable and machine-readable forms
i.e. in Greek Travel Greece.Com(Online Hotel Reservation System) this step

34
Methods of different products

It is another way to look at System design and focus on three major products or
deliverables that should result from design stage. In this framework, System Design
consists of three activities:

1. User Interface Design: The user interface design activity focuses on designing the
interactions between users and computer system. It concentrates input methods and
conversion of data and information between human-readable and machine-readable forms
i.e. in Greek Travel Greece.Com(Online Hotel Reservation System) this step produces
detailed specifications for information products such as display screens, forms, reports,
documents and dialog design.

2. Data design: The data design activity focus on design of logical structure of files and
databases to be used by the proposed system. Data design produces detailed description
of:

 Entities (people, place, thing, and event) about which information system needs to
maintain
 Information like customers, employees.
 Relationships between these entities i.e. Foreign Keys.
 Data elements (databases, files or records) needed to maintain each entity.
 Integrity rule governing data element.

3. Process design: The Program design activity focus on design of software resources
that is programs and procedures needed by proposed system. It concentrates on detailed
specifications for the program modules, that will be purchased as software packages or
development by custom programming needed to meet user interface and data design
specification as well as control and performance requirements of proposed is.

35
 7.1.1 Architecture Of Project- 3 Tiers

Fig. 7.1 Architecture of Project

In web application development, we use three-tier architecture refers to separating the

application process into three specific layers. What the user sees via a web browser is
called the presentation tier and is content served from a web server. The middle tier
performs the business logic processing that occurs, for example, when a user submits a
form. The back end consists of the data tier which handles the database processing and
access to the data. We'll take a simplistic look at each of these.
1. Presentation Tier: The Presentation Tier or User Interface is the portion the user sees
when they open a web page in the browser.
 It is as simple as you reading this article all the way to searching a catalog and
purchasing a product using a shopping cart.
 It is what is presented to the user on the client side within their web browser.
Languages used in this layer are php, HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
2. Business Logic or Application Tier: The Business Logic, Functional Process Logic,
Business Rules (all pertaining to the same thing), are kept in a separate layer.

36
 In php, this is where you define your classes and source code. This can be in the
App_Code folder for your classes and methods.
 You would not use HTML or JavaScript in this layer. In this layer you typically
define your classes, functions, sub procedures, properties,etc.

3. Data Access Tier: In php, the Data Access layer is where you define your typed
datasets and table adapters.
 It is where you define your queries or stored procedures. The business tier may then
make use of this functionality.
 In your classes, rather than defining ad hoc queries, you may use a Table Adapter to
access the Data Access Layer.

4. Presentation Tier: The Presentation Tier or User Interface is the portion the user sees
when they open a web page in the browser.
 It is as simple as you reading this article all the way to searching a catalog and
purchasing a product using a shopping cart.
 It is what is presented to the user on the client side within their web browser.
Languages used in this layer are php, HTML, CSS and javascript.

7.2 Input Design

The input design is the link between the information system and the user. It comprises
developing specification and procedure for data preparation and those steps that are
necessary to put transaction data into a usable form for processing data entry. The
activity of putting data into the computer for processing can be achieved by instructing
the computer to read data from a written or printed document or it can occur by having
people key data directly into the system. The design of inputs focuses on controlling the
amount of inputs required, controlling errors, avoiding delay, avoiding extra steps and
keeping the process simple.

37
7.3 Database Design
This part of the Design consists of the overall database schema or we can say that
tables which consists various types of records. The web application of the problem
domain is a 3-tier application. The tiers comprising the application are database tier,
business tier and presentation tier. Here we will be discussing various table/relations of
the web application. Database forms what is called BACK-END of the application.
Objective of database includes:
 Controlled Redundancy
 Data Independencies
 Accuracy and Integrity
 Privacy and Security

Clinic management system stores the information relevant for processing in the
MicrosoftSQL Server 2008Database. This MS SQL Server contains tables, where each
table is called a field or column. A table also contains records which is a set of fields.
All records, in a table the same set of fields with different information. Each table
contains key fields that establish relationships in a MS SQL server database and how
the records are stored.
There are primary key fields that uniquely identify a record in a table. There are
also fields that contain the primary key from another table called foreign keys. It
includes:
 Tables
Stored Procedures

Tables

The web application of the problem domain is a 3-tier application. The tiers
comprising the application are database tier, business tier and presentation tier. Here
we will be discussing various table/relations of the web application. Database forms
what is called BACK-END of the application.

38
 Table 7.1 Database
S. No. Table Name Description
1. Admin All user accounts
2. Appointment Contains appointment information
3. Billing Contains amount information
4. Customer Make appointment
5. Doctor Check up of customer
6. Employee Contains own designation
7. Expenses Contains all expenses
8. Labtest Contains patient labfee &test
9. Medicine Contains patients medicine
10. Patient Contains patients information
11. Prescription Contains by doctors
Salary Contains employee salary
12.
Testttype Contains all tests
13.
Timing Contains time of appointment
14.
Treatment Contains Treatment of patients
15.

1. admin

39
2 Appointment

3.billing

4.customer

40
5.doctor

41
6.employee

7.expenses

42
8.labtest

9.medicine

10.patient

43
11.prescription

12.salary

13.testtype

44
14.timing

15.treatment

45
 CHAPTER8:SNAPSHOTS

This is main page of website 24X7 clinic

46
Appointment

Receptionist Login

47
Doctor Login

Admin Login

48
 CHAPTER 9: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

9.1 Implementation
The term implementation has different meanings, ranging from the conversion of a basic
application to a complete replacement of a computer system. However the procedure is
almost similar. Implementation is used here to mean the process of converting a new or a
revised system design into an operational one. Conversion is one aspect of
implementation. The other aspects are the post implementation review and software
maintenance.
There are three types of implementation:
 Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system.
 Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing one.
 Implementation of a modified application to replace an existing one using the same
computer.

In our case we are having second type of implementation in which we are replacing the
existing system in a web based centralized system. This type of implementation is
relatively easy as compared to other two.
This phase is less creative than design phase. It is primarily concerned with user training,
site preparation and file conversions. The final communications and links to other
modules and hardware components are established to make the software operative. After
that the program is run with live data otherwise a diagnostic
Procedure is used to locate and correct the errors in program. In most of the cases, a
parallel run is conducted where the new software runs simultaneously with the older one,
that’s why software implementation includes the installation of original software and
made it operational in an operative environment. It continues until the software is
operating in accordance with the defined user requirements.
System implementation includes all those activities that take place to convert from the
existing system to the new system. The new system may be a totally new, replacing an
existing manual or automated system or it may be a modification to an existing system.
Proper implementation is essential to provide a reliable system to meet organization
requirements. The process of putting the developed system in actual use is called system
implementation. This includes all those activities that take place to convert from the old if
it is found to be working according to the specifications.

49
9.2 Testing

9.2.1 Software Testing

Software testing is the process used to measure the quality of developed software. A
test plan documents the strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a product or
system meets its design specifications and other requirements. In order to deliver a
fully functional, a highly acceptance or error-free system the software must tested
extensively before introduce to the market. Generally, the objective of software testing
is to ensure that all the functionality of the module in the system will be function and
the performance of the system will achieve optimal result that met the expectation of
the user and is also known as the process of verification and validation of the system
requirements.

In other words software testing is a verification and validation process. Verification is

the process to make sure the product satisfies the conditions imposed at the start of the
development phase. In other words, to make sure the product behaves the way we want
it to. Validation is the process to make sure the product satisfies the specified
requirements at the end of the development phase. In other words, to make sure the
product is built as per customer requirements.

Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with

information about the quality of the product or service under test. Software testing can
also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to
appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques
include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with
the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects).A small error can
conceivable explored into many large problems. The best program is worth less if it
does not mean user needs. The number in nature of errors in a new design depends
upon several factors such as:

1. Communication between user and designer.

2. The programmer’s ability to generate a code that reflects exactly the system
specifications.
3. The time frame for the design.

50
 Fig.9.1 Software Testing Process

Depending on the product and the responsibility of the organization to which the test
plan applies, a test plan may include one or more testing method. The test plan strategies
used in this project consists of the followings:

1. Black Box Testing

2. Unit Testing (Module Testing)
3. Integration Testing
4. System Testing

1. Black Box Testing: Black box testing takes an external viewpoint of the test
object to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional,
though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and
determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test object's
internal structure. Basically user gets to know what the system is supposed to
do, but not how it is done. Black box testing can be done by any user, who is
related to this system.

2. Unit Testing (Module Testing): A unit is the smallest testable part of an

application. In procedural programming a unit may be an individual program,
function, procedure, etc., while in object-oriented programming, the smallest
unit is a method, which may belong to a base/super class, abstract class or
derived/child class. In this phase of testing, each module has been tested

51
 individually to find the efficiency and reliability. The goal of unit testing is to
isolate each part of the module and show that the individual parts are correct
and also we can able to get the feedback and result.The feedbacks and
criticisms received at these moments and were recorded for the purpose of
future enhancement and even some changes have done in modules directly.

3. Integration Testing:Integration testing (sometimes called Integration and

Testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase of software testing in which individual
software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows unit testing
and precedes system testing.Integration testing takes as its input modules that
have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in
an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the
integrated system ready for system testing. After complete and properly testing
of each module, I have integrated all individual modules together to make a
whole complete system. After that checked the reliability of the system. Unit
testing helps me a lot as there is no such possible errors occurred while
integration testing.

4. System Testing: System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a

complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified
requirements. As a rule, system testing takes, as its input, all of the integrated software
components that have successfully passed integration testing and also the software
system itself integrated with any applicable hardware system(s). The purpose of
integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the software units that are
integrated together (called assemblages) or between any of the assemblages and the
hardware. System testing is a more limiting type of testing; it seeks to detect defects
both within the inter-assemblages and also within the system as a whole.

52
9.2.2 Test Cases For Different Modules

1. Unit Testing (Module Testing)

S.No. Test Cases Expected Value Actual Value

1. If incorrect user name and User should not be not logged in
password are entered logged In
2. If user Login Then logout is to be Displayed
displayed
3. On selected menu item The item should be The item
highlighted Highlights
4. When user login Then he/she is able View he/her
to view his /her profile but
profile only not can’t view
admin’s profile. admin profile.
5. On Submit button List of the user Get stored in
details get submitted Database
in database
6. Admin can add new info Records should be Added
added
9. Admin can modify records Records should be Modified
modified
10. User can modify or cancel Should be updated Updated
Appointment

53
2. Integration Testing

After complete and properly testing of each module, we have integrated all
individual modules together to make a whole complete system. After that we
checked the reliability of the system. Unit testing helped us a lot as there is no
such possible errors occurred while integration testing.

Test Test Expected Actual Remarks

Subject Method Result Result
Checking The Got All the Got the correct
the Homepage successfully pages that Result
Successful is connected running are Corresponding
Running with all pages. connected to the all pages.
of other pages work
homepage and then properly.
after Checked
combining that they all
all pages. are working
properly or
not.

54
 CHAPTER 10: PROJECT LEGACY
10.1 Current Status Of The Project
Completion of the development process will result in a software package that will provide
user friendly environment which is very easy to work with, even for people with very
little knowledge of computer. Management of various tasks is incorporated in the package
and will deliver the required information in a very easy to use and easy to access manner.
This package will provide accuracy, efficiency, speed and easiness to the end user. Paper
work will be subjugated and come to an appropriate level. Monotonous and tedious part
of work will become fascinating. Since the system is verified with valid as well as invalid
data and is run with an insight into the necessary modifications that may require in the
future, it can be maintained successfully without much hassle.

10.2 Remaining Areas Of Concern

This system may require further advancements as the client may want some more
functionality in this system. While developing this project prototype model is followed so
coding is written in such a way that if client wants to add more functionality in this
system then that functionality can be done easily.

10.3 Technical & Management Lessons Learnt

The lessons learnt after developing this project are as follows:
 Before developing any project the requirement should be made well clear so that
after developing it the programmer does not have to change it.
 Software and hardware constraints should be kept in mind.
 Time and cost are those constraints, which are never told but always accounted for.
 Project should be error free and made in such a way so that modifications can be
done in future.
 A professional should have a vision to see beyond the user-defined requirement.
 All members of the project team have to be cooperative with each other.
 User should be given proper training about how to use project.

55
 CHAPTER 11: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

11.1 Conclusion

The project titled as Clinic Management System is a web based application. This
software provides facilities to patients . Each user first makes their login to server for
appointment of any test type. This software is developed with scalability in mind.
Additional modules can be easily added when necessary.

The software is developed with modular approach. All modules in the system have
been tested with valid data and invalid data and everything work successfully. Thus the
system has fulfilled all the objectives identified and is able to replace the existing
system.

The project has been completed successfully with the maximum satisfaction of the
organization. The constraints are met and overcome successfully. The system is
designed as like it was decided in the design phase. The project gives good idea on
developing a full-fledged application satisfying the user requirements.

The system is very flexible and versatile. This software has a user-friendly screen that
enables the user to use without any inconvenience. Validation checks induced have
greatly reduced errors. Provisions have been made to upgrade the software. The
application has been tested with live data and has provided a successful result. Hence
the software has proved to work efficiently.

The lessons learnt after developing this project are as follows:

 Before developing any project the requirement should be made well clear so that
after developing it the programmer does not have to change it.
 Software and hardware constraints should be kept in mind.
 Time and cost are those constraints, which are never told but always accounted for.
 Project should be error free and made in such a way so that modifications can be
done in future.
 A professional should have a vision to see beyond the user-defined requirement.
 All members of the project team have to be cooperative with each other.
 User should be given proper training about how to use project.

56
11.2 Future Scope

The primary concern of every system client is validity of the purchased software product
in the near future. In order to cope with this problem, programmers often provide their
clients with regular system updates so that in case there have been any change include in
working criteria of institution/organization, it can be absorbed within existing automated
system.

This system may require further advancements as the client may want some more
functionality in this system. While developing this project prototype model is followed so
coding is written in such a way that if client wants to add more functionality in this
system then that functionality can be done easily.

I have compiled this project keeping this point in full regards that it can be easily
upgraded if need arises. From time to time, new modules can be added to it or existing
ones can be modified.

Depending upon the organization, the function processes and needs may vary from
organization to organization. Therefore, the functionality of the project can be further
enhanced as per the requirements specification of different organization. For instance, any
organization can use this project by just changing the interest rate accordingly and the rest
of the operations will be remained same. Similarly, the project can be expanded to the
required extent.

Further, enhancements to this project will be to create a module for all user’s review to
see the sale status and quality of various brands. As of now, the shopper who have made
login can only see his order status. Another enhancement would be to allow to submit
feedback by retailer and shopper. One Enhancement could be to see the location of
shopper by adding google map and we can make this website compatible with the mobile
browser.

57
 REFERENCES

Book References
[1] Pressman Roger S, “Software Engineering A Practitioner’s Approach”,
th
McGraw Hill Education Publishers, 7 Edition.
[2] AwadEliasM,“System Analysis And Design” , Galgotia Publications Pvt Ltd 2004,
nd
2 Edition.
[3] Korth Henry F, “Database System Concepts ” ,McGraw Hill Education Publishers,
th
5 Edition.
[4] Bayross Ivan,” SQL, PL/SQL,” Second Edition, BPB Publication, 1997.
[5] [MCG91]: - MCGlaughlin, R, “Some Notes Of Program Design,” Software
Engineering Notes, Vol 16,no.4, October1991, pp.53-54.
[6] [DAV95]: -Davis,” 201 Principles of Software Development”, McGraw Hill
Education Publishers, 1995.

Web References
[1] Tutorial of AJAX available at :
www.tizag.com/ajaxTutorial
www.yourhtmlsource.com/javascript/ajax.html

[2] Tutorial of JQueryavailable at :

http://docs.jquery.com/Tutorials
http://www.learningjquery.com

[3] Introduction to MySQL available at:

http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp

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