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MTH281:
MATHEMATI
CALMETHODI

LI
MITS:
Isdef
inedasar
est
ri
cti
on;
aboundbey
ondwhi
chonemaynotgo.

Forexampl
eTher
ear
esev
eral
exi
sti
ngl
i
mit
stoexecut
ivepower
.O

Twodr
inksi
smyl
i
mitt
oni
ght
.

BUTMATHEMATI
CALY

Li
miti
sav
aluet
owhi
chasequenceconv
erges.

Supposef
(x)i
sagi
venf
unct
ionofx.

then,
ifwecanmakef(x)asnearaswepl
easetoagi
vennumber
1bychoosi
ngxsuff
ici
entl
yneartoanumbera,

1i
ssai
dtobet
hel
i
mitoff
(x)asx®a,
andi
swr
it
tenas
l
i
mf(
x)=1
THREEI
MPORTANTTHEORI
ESOFLI
MITS
Ther
ear
e__
___
typesoff
unct
ions

Cont
inuousanddi
scont
inuousf
unct
ions

Asingl
e-v
aluedf
unct
ionofxi
ssai
dtobecont
inuous
atx–ai f
1.l
i
mf(
x)exi
sts
2.
Thef
unct
ioni
sdef
inedf
ort
hev
aluex=a,
and
3.
Iff
(x)=f
(a)
.
Whenafunct
iondoesnotsat
isf
ythesecondi
ti
onsi
t
i
ssai
dtobedi scont
inuous
andx=ai
scal
l ntofdi
edapoi scont
inui
ty.
Andifthegraphofafuncti
onhasabr eaki
nit
ataparti
cul
arvalueofxiti
sdiscont
inuousat
thatpoi
nt.
Afunct
ionf(x,
y)i
ssai
dtobehomogeneousofdegr
eem
i
f__
___f(kx,
ky)=kmf(
x,y
)
f
(x,
y)=x3+4xy
2–3y
3ishomogeneous

ofdegr
eeof_
__3

I
fa1,
a2,
a3…i
sagi
vensequenceofnumber
s,t
hesum of
t
hef
ir
stnnumber
siscal
l
edt
he_
___nt
hpar
ti
alsum

DI
FFERENTI
ATI
ON
Afuncti
ony=f (
x)issaidtobedi fferenti
ablei
fit
possessesdi
ff
erenti
alcoeffi
cient,andt obediff
erent
iabl
e
atapointx=aifdxdyorf (x)existatt hatpoi
nt.
Di
ff
erent
iabi
l
ityatapoi
nti
mpl
i
escont
inui
ty.
whi
l
edi
scont
inui
tyi esnon-
mpl
i dif
fer
ent
iabi
l
ity
.
Afuncti
ony=f(
x)i
ssai
dtobedi
ff
erent
iabl
eifi
t
possessesa
_
___
__di
ff
erent
ial
coef
fi
cient
I
ff(
a)=f
(b)i
nmeanv
aluet
heor
em,
theni
tbecomes

_
___
___
_Rol
l
e’st
heor
em

MeanVal
uetheor
em i
sappl
i
cabl
etot
hef
unct
ionscont
inuousi
n
cl
osedi
nter
val

Wi
tht
heusual
not
ati
onaser
iescannotbeconv
ergentunl
ess_
___

l
i
mn→ Un=0

Asn→ oft
heser
ies1+12+13+14+...

i
s__
__di
ver
gent

LetU1+U2+...Un+...beaser
iesofposi
ti
vet
erms.I
fli
mn→

Un+1Un&gt
;1.Thent
heser
ies_
__Di
ver
ges

Tot
estf
orcr
it
ical
poi
nti
ffxxf
yy-f
xy2&l
t;0t
hent
hisgi
ves

Answer
:saddl
epoi
nt

Forall
seconddegreepol
ynomial
swit
hy=ax2+bx+k,i
tisseen
thatt
heRoll
es’pointi
satc=0.Alsot
hev
alueofki
szer
o.Then
theval
ueofbis_ _
_ _
_
Answer
:0

[
a,b]and_
___
___
___
_inopeni
nter
val
(a,
b)

Di
ff
erent
iabl
e

Wemaypr
ovet
hist
heor
em geomet
ri
cal
l
yint
hef
oll
owi
ng
way
:
theequat
ionoft
hel
i
neABi
sY=f+x+a0ffb-
a,si
nce
BD=f–fandAD=b–a.
Thi
sgi
vesdi
rect
lyc=31cos-
1.1>x
andi
ff’>0ina<x<b,
thenf
ora<x1<x2<bf<f<f<f
.
Si
mil
arl
yiff
’<0i
na<x<b,
thenf>f>f>f.Thesear
esomet
imesabbr
evi
atedt
o
eit
herf
’’
,f’
’
’…f
MeanVal
uet
heor
em i
sal
soknownas_
___
___
___
_theor
em

Lagr
ange’
s

Lei
bni
tz’
sformul
a( 52)maybepr ovedbyinducti
on
asfol
l
ows.Suppose( 52)istr
ueforonevalueofn,
saym;thenbydi
ff
er enti
ati
ngwef i
ndDm+1( uv)=(u
Dm+1v+Du.Dmv )+mC1( Du.Dmv+D2u.Dm- 1v)
+mC2(D2u.Dm-1v+D3u.Dm-
2v)
+…+(
Dv.Dmu+
vDm+1u)
,(54)
=uDm+1v+(
1+mC1)
Du.Dmv
+(mC1+mC2)
D2u.Dm-
1v
+…+vDm+1u.(
55)

NowmCr -
1+mCr=m+1Cr(
56)andhence(
55)
becomes
Dm+1(
uv)
=uDm+1v +m+1C1Du.Dmv
+m+1C2D2u.
Dm-
1v+…+vDm+1u.(57)

Fori
nstance;Toobt
aint
henthdi
ff
erent
ial
coef
fi
cientofy=(x2+1)e2x
weputx2+1=uande2x=v
.
Thenby(
52)
(
x2+1)
2ne2x+2nx.2n-
1e2x+n(
n–1)
2n-
2e2x(
58)
=2n-
2e2x(
4x2+4nx+n2–n+4)
.

Lei
bnit
z’sfor
mul
amayal
sobeappl
i
edt
oa
di
ff
erenti
al
equat
iontoobtainarelat
ionbet
weensuccessi
ve
di
ffer
enti
alcoeff
ici
ents.

Thet
wosegmentt
rapezoi
dal
rul
eof
i
ntegr
ati
oni
sexactf
ori
ntegr
ati
ng
atmost_
___or
derofpol
ynomi
al
f
ir
st
f
rom t
hef
ir
stpr
inci
plesD=uDv+vDu
Di
ff
erent
iat
ingnowgi
vesD2=uD2v+2Du.Dv
+vD2u.
Byinspecti
onoftheseresult
sthe
fol
l
owi ngformul
amaybewr i
tt
endownfor
t
hent hdiff
erent
ialcoef
fi
cientofuvDn=u
Dnv+nC1Du.Dn- 1v+nC2D2u.Dn- 2v+…
NowmCr
-1+mCr=m+1Crandhence
becomes
Dm+1=uDm+1v+m+1C1Du.Dmv
+m+1C2D2u.
Dm-
1v+…+vDm+1u.
Thi
sagai
nist
heLei
bni
tz’
sfor
mul
awi
thm +1
i
npl
aceofm.
Henceift
heformul
aist
ruef
orn=m,
iti
s
cer
tai
nlyt
ruef
orn=m +1.Dny=Dn=xn-1n
=n-2n1,.

Lei
bni
tz’
sfor
mul
amayal
sobeappl
i
edt
oa
dif
fer
enti
alequat
iontoobtai
nar elat
ionbet
ween
successi
vedif
fer
enti
alcoeff
ici
ents.
Dn+2y+x2Dny+2nxDn-1y
n2p+Dn+2y+nDn-
2y=
ï
í0ifni
seven,ï
ï1ifni
sodd.
Apar
ti
cul
ari
mport
antappl
i
cat
ionofdi
ff
erent
iat
ion
i
stot
hepr
obl
em of
f
indi
ngthema xi
maandmi ni
maval
uesofagi
ven
f
uncti
onfinsameint
erv
alab.
ongeomet
ricalgroundswecanseethatpr
ovi
dedf
i
sdif
fer
ent
iableintheranget
henatamaximum or
mi
nimum t
het
angentt
othecur
vemustbepar
all
el
t
othex-
axi
s.
kAfunct
ionf(
x,y
)issai
dtobe
homogeneousif_
___
____
_
degr
eem i
ff(
kx,
ky)=kmf
(x,
wherekisaconstant.Asi
mil
ardef
ini
ti
on
appl
i
estoaf uncti
onofanynumberof
i
ndependentvari
ables.
Whenthesequenceofpart
ial
sumst endstoan
i
nfi
nit
elimi
t,osci
l
lat
esei
therfi
nit
elyori
nfi
nit
ely
t
heseriesi
ssaidtobe____
Answer
:di
ver
gent

BothTayl
orser
iesandMacl
auri
nseriesonly
repr
esentt
hefunct
ionf
(x)i
nthei
rint
ervalof
____
__
Answer
:Conv
ergence
Whenf unct
ionsar
eexpandedatx=a, wehave
Tayl
or’
sexpansionandwhenfunct
ionsare
expandedatx=0t henwehave___
_ _expansi
on
Answer
:Macl
aur
in

Byconsi
der
ingt
hehypot
hesi
sofmeanv
alue
theor
em,Gi
vent
hatf
(x)=x2+2x+1a=1,b=2
Answer
:4

Byconsi
der
ingt
hehypot
hesisofmeanval
ue
theor
em,Gi
vent
hatf
x=x2+2x+1anda=1,b=2
fi
ndfb=_
___
_
Answer
:9

Byconsi
der
ingt
hehypot
hesisofmeanval
ue
theor
em,Gi
vent
hatf
x=x2+2x+1anda=1,b=2
f
indf
ıc=_
___
_
Answer
:5

_____rul
eisat echni
quef
orappr
oxi
mat
ingt
he
def
init
eintegr
al
Answer
:Tr
apezoi
dal

____
_r ul
eisanar
it
hmet i
calr
uleforest
imat
ing
theareaunderacurvewheretheval
uesofan
oddnumberofordinatesi
ncludi
ngthoseat
eachend.
Answer
:Si
mpson’
s

Thet
rapezoi
dal
rul
eisal
soknownas_
___r
ule
Answer
:Tr
apezi
um
The∂2f
∂x∂yofthefuncti
onfx,
y=3x2-
x3y
3+5xy+6y
3ev al
uateatthepoi
ntsx=1and
y=2is__
____
___
_ _
Answer
:-31

The∂2f
∂y2ofthefuncti
onfx,
y=3x2-
x3y
3+5xy+6y
3evaluateatt
hepointsx=1and
y=2is__
____
____
_
Answer
:60

Thel
i
mx→2 x2-
2xx2-
4is_
___
___
___
_
Answer
:½

Thel
i
mx→ xx3+5 i
s__
___
___
___
Answer
:0
I
ffx=x(
x2-
x-2)sat
isf
iesMeanVal
ueTheor
em ,
t
hev al
uecis____
______
_
Answer
:1/
3

Theex ponenti
alfor
m ofthefunct
ion
fx=1+x+x22!+x33!
+x44!
+x55!
+⋯ is_ _
___
__
Answer
:expx

Fi
ndtheli
mitof\[
\l
im_{
(x,
y)\
ri
ght
arr
ow(
2,1)
}
x+3y^
{2}\
]is___
_____
Answer
:5

Fi
ndthel
imitof\[
\l
im_{
(x,
y)\
ri
ght
arr
ow(
2,4)
}
\f
rac{
x+y
}{x-
y}\
]is__
___
___
Answer
:-3

Fi
ndl
i
mit\
[\l
i
m_{
(x,
y,z)
\ri
ght
arr
ow(
1,2,
5)}
\
sqr
t(x+y
+z)
\]i
s__
___
___
__
Answer
:3

Thecoeffi
cientof$$x^{
2}$$i
ntheTayl
orser
ies
about$$x=0$$f or$$f
(x)
=e^{
-x^
{2}
}$$i
s
___
_____
_____
Answer
:-1

Thecoeff
ici
entof$$x^{
3}$$i
ntheTayl
orser
ies
aboutx=0forf
(x)
=sin2xis____
___
___
____
_
Answer
:-4/
3

Let\[
f(
x)=\f
rac{
\si
nx}{1+x^
{2}}
\]and
$$y^
{n}$$denotethe$$n^{t
h}$$deri
vat
iveof
f(
x)atx=0thentheval
ueof
$$y^
{100}+900y^
{98}
$$i s_
______
__
Answer
:0
I
fthefi
rstderi
vat
iveatx=0ofthefunct
ion
$$f
(x)
=\frac{
\cos(x)
}{x^
{2}
-x+1}
$$is____
__
Answer
:2

Giv
en$$f(x,
y)=2x^{
2}y$$,t
hev alue
$$\f
rac{
\par
tial
f(x
,y)
}{\par
ti
alx}$$atx=2and
y=4is__
_____
_
Answer
:24

Givent hatthefunct
ion
$$f(x)=\fr
ac{2(
x+3)}{x^{
2}+x-
2}$$hasan
absolutemaxi mum ont he-2&lt
;x&l
t;
q.The
maxi mum v al
ueis__ __
____
Answer
:2

Thepoi
ntsofi
nfl
ect
ionoft
hef
unct
ion
$$f(x)
=x^{4}
-12x^
{3}
+6x-
9$$onthei
nter
val$$-
2\l
eqx\leq10$$are___
____
___
__and___
___
_ _
_
Answer
:0,
6

Theval
ueofasucht hatt
hefunct
ion
$$f
(x)
=x^{
2}+ax+5,
whenf(2)
=15is_ _
___
__
Answer
:3

I
fx2+y
2-2x-6y
+5=0,
thev
alued2y
dx2 atx
=3,
y
=2is_____
Answer
:5

I
ftheMeanVal
ueTheorem sat
isf
iesf
x=x2on
t
heint
erv
al-
2,1,t
henthevalueofcis___
__
Answer
:-1/
5
Theminimum val
ueof
$$f
(x,
y)=x^
{2}
+y^{
2}+6x+12$$i
s__
___
___
_
Answer
:3

Supposew=x3y
z+xy
+z+3andx=3cos t,
y=3si
n tandw=2t.Theval
uedwdtt=π2is
____
____
___
__
Answer
:7

Let$$f
(x)
=\f
rac{e^
{x}si
n(x^{
2})
}{x}
$$,t
henthe
val
ueofthefi
ft
hder i
vat
iveatx=0is__
____
____
_
Answer
:21

Lei
bnizrul
egivest
heNt
hderiv
ati
veof
mult
ipli
cat
ionof__
___f
unct
ions
Answer
:Two
Lei
bniztheor
em i
sappl
i
cabl
eifni
sa_
___
___
_
i
nteger
Answer
:Posi
ti
ve

I
fnthderivati
veof
$$xy_{
3}+x^{2}
y_{
2}+x^{
3}y
_ {
0}=0$$thenorder
ofit
snthdi f
fer
enti
alequat
ionis____
_____
Answer
:n+3

Forthefuncti
on$$f(x)
=\f
rac{sinx}{
x^{2}
}$$.
___
_____arethenumberofpoi ntsexi
stinthe
i
nterval$$[
0,7\pi
]$$suchthat$$f’(
c)=0$$
Answer
:Tr
ue

$$f
(x)
=\fr
ac{si
nx} {
x}$$.___
____
_arethe
numberofpointsexisti
ntheint
erv
al$$[0,
18\
pi]
$$sucht hat$$f’(
c)=0$$
Answer
:18

Foral
lseconddegreepoly
nomi al
swi thy=ax2
+bx+k, i
tisseenthatt
heRolles’pointi
satc=
0.Al
sothev al
ueofkiszero.Thent hevalueof
bis___
__
Answer
:0

Forseconddegreepol
ynomiali
tisseenthatt
he
rootsar
eequal.Then_
_____i
stherelati
on
betweentheRoll
espoi
ntcandt herootx
Answer
:c=x

Rol
le’
sTheor
em i
saspeci
alcaseof
__
_____
___
_theor
em
Answer
:Meanv
alue
Thevalueof$$c$$if$$f
(x)
=x(x-3)
e^{
3x}$$,i
s
conti
nuousov eri
nter
val
[0,3]anddif
fer
enti
abl
e
overi
nterval
(0,3)
____
___
__(Answerto3
deci
mal )
Answer
:2.
703

Thev alueof‘a’ar
e_ __
_ _and______,
i
ff (
x)=
ax2+32x+4i sconti
nuousov er[
-4,0]and
diff
erenti
ableover(-
4,0)andsat i
sfytheRolle’
s
theorem.Hencef i
ndthepoi nti
ninterval(-
2,0)
atwhi chit
sslopeofat angenti
szer o
Answer
:8,
-2

Forthef unct
ionf(
x)=x2–2x+1.Wehav e
Roll
espoi ntatx=1.Thecoordi
nateaxesare
thenrotatedby45degreesinant
icl
ockwise
sense.Whati stheposi
ti
onofnewRollespoint
withrespecttothetr
ansfor
medcoordinate
axes________
___
Answer
:3/
2

I
ff(a)
=f(
b)i
nmeanval
uetheor
em,
theni
t
becomes__
___
___t
heor
em
Answer
:Rol
l
e’s

MeanVal uetheorem i
sappli
cabletothe
funct
ionscontinuousi
nclosedinterv
al[
a,b]
and_______
____inopeninter
val(a,b)
Answer
:Di
ff
erent
iabl
e

MeanValuetheorem i
sal
soknownas
__
___
___
__ _t
heorem
Answer
:Lagr
ange’
s

Thepoi
ntci
s___
____
__int
hecur
vef(
x)=x3+
x2+x+1inthei
nter
val
[0,
1]wher
eslopeofa
t
angenttoacurv
eisequal
stot
hesl
opeofa
l
i
nejoini
ng(0,
1)
Answer
:0.
54

______
_ _
_i sthepoi ntcbetween[2,9]wher e,t
he
slopeoft angenttot hefuncti
onf(x)=1+∛x-1at
pointcisequal stot heslopeofal i
nej oini
ng
point(2,
f(2))and( 9,f
(9)
).(Pr
ovidi
nggi ven
functi
oni scontinuousanddi ff
erentiablein
giveninterval
).
Answer
:4.
56

______
_isthepointcbetween[ -
1,6]wher e,the
slopeoftangenttothefuncti
onf (
x)=x2+3x+2
atpointcisequalstotheslopeofal inejoining
point(-
1,f
(-
1))and(6,f
(6))
.(
Providinggiven
functi
onisconti
nuousanddi ff
erentiabl
ei n
givenint
erval
).
Answer
:2.
5

Thenecessarycondi
ti
onfort
hemaclaur
in
expansi
ontobet r
ueforf
uncti
onf(
x)isf
(x)
shouldbeconti
nuousand___
___
Answer
:Di
ff
erent
iabl
e

Theli
mit$$\l
im_{(
x,y)
/ri
ght
arr
ow(0,
0)}
\
frac{
x^{
3}-
y^{
3}}
{x-
y}$$is__
____
_
Answer
:0

Asingleval
uedf
uncti
onofxi
ssai
dtobe
conti
nuousatx=aif
Answer
:li
m&nbsp;
fx=&nbsp;
f(
a)

Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sdi
scont
inuousatx=0
Answer
:Si
n&nbsp;
xx
Afunct
iony=f(
x)i
ssai
dtobedi
ff
erent
iabl
eat
apoi
ntx=aif
Answer
:f1(
x)exi
stst
hatpoi
nt

Fi
ndt
heder
ivat
iveofy=Si
n-1x
Answer
:11-x2

Supposeu=f(
x,y)=x2+y2,
wherex=cosh4t
andy=2t+t2.Fi
ndthet
otal
der
ivat
iveofuwi
th
respectt
ot
Answer
:4si
nh8t+8t+12t
2+4t
3

I
ff(
u)=Si
nuandu=x2+y
2 f
indf
x
Answer
:CosU1+x2
I
ff(
u)=Si
nuandu=x2+y
2 f
indf
y
Answer
:yCosUx2+y
2

Obt
aint
heslopeoft
het
angentatt
hepoi
nt(
2,3)
oft
hecurv
e6x2+3xy+x4+3y 2=0
Answer
:-6524

Af uncti
onf(x,y
)oftwovari
abl
esissai
dt o
hav ealocal
maximum at(a,
b)i
fther
eexistsa
rectangul
arregi
oncont
aini
ng(a,
b)suchthat
____
Answer
:f(
x,y
)≤f
(a,
b)

Thelocalmaxi
maandmi
nimaar
ecal
l
edt
he
___
_of( x,
y)
Answer
:ext
reme
Totestforcr
it
ical
poi
nti
ffxxf
yy-f
xy2&l
t;0t
hen
thi
sgives
Answer
:saddl
epoi
nt

Obtainthestat
ionar
ypoint
soff(x,
y)=x2+y
2
subjecttot
heconstrai
ntcondi
ti
on3x+2y=6
Answer
:1813,
1213

Af unct
ionf(x,
y)i
ssai
dtobehomogeneousof
degreem if
Answer
:f(
kx,
ky)=km f
(x,
y)

Whatisthedegr
eeoft
hef
unct
ionf
(x,
y)=
x3+4xy
2-3y3
Answer
:thr
ee
IfxandyarerectangularCar
tesi
ancoordi
nat
es,
u=f(x,
y)sat
isfi
eslaplace’
sequati
onif
Answer
:∂2f
∂x2+∂2f
∂y2=0

Afunct
ionf
(x,
y )i
ssai
dtohaveamaxi
mum
val
ueofpoi
nt(x,y)=(
a,b)i
f
Answer
:f(
a+h,
b+k)
-f
(a,
b)&l
t;
0

Afunct
ionf
(x,
y )i
ssaidt
ohav
eami
nimum
val
ueofpoi
nt(x,y)i
f
Answer
:f(
a+h,
b+k)
-f(
a,b)
&gt
;0

I
fex
y+x+y
=1,
eval
uat
edydx at(
0,0)
Answer
:-1

I
fxy+Si
ny=2f
inddydx
Answer
:-yx+Cosy

I
fz=Si
n(x+y
),x=u2+v
2,y
=2uv
.Ev
aluat
edzdu
Answer
:2(
u+v
)Cos(
x+u)

Wi t
htheusualnot
ati
onaser
iescannotbe
conver
gentunl
ess
Answer
:li
mn→ Un=0

LetU1+U2+...Un+...beaseriesof
posi
ti
veter
ms.Ifl
i
mn→ Un+1Un&gt;
1.
Thentheser
ies
Answer
:Di
ver
ges

Asn→ oft
heser
ies1+12+13+14+...i
s
Answer
:di
ver
gent
Fortheser
ies12+23+34+45+...an
expr
essi
onofUn+1i sgi
venby
Answer
:n+1n+2

Byconsi
der
ingt
heD’Alember
ttestf
orposi
tiv
e
t
ermsifl
i
mn→ Un+1Un=1,t
hentheseri
es
i
s
Answer
:inconcl
usi
ve

Bythecompari
sontest
,theser
ies
11P+12P+13P+14P+...+1nP _ _
_ifp&gt
;1
Answer
:conv
erges

Fi
ndl
i
mn→ Si
n2xx2
Answer
:1
Ev
aluat
eli
mx→0 Si
nhx
-Si
nxx3
Answer
:1/
3

TheTay
lor
’sser
iesi
sgi
venby
Answer
:fx+h=f
x+hf
ıx+h2f
ıı
(x)
2!+...

Fi
ndl
i
mx→0 t
an x-
xx3
Answer
:1/
3

Det
ermi
nel
i
mx→1 x3-
2x2+4x-
34x2-
5x+1
Answer
:1

Findthesecondorderderi
vat
ivesoft
he
funct
ion.f
x=x2-cosxatx=π4
Answer
:2+12
Findt
hethi
rdorderder
ivat
ivesoft
hef
unct
ion.
f
x=x2-
cosxatx=π4
Answer
:-12

l
i
mx→0 t
an x-
xSi
nx-
xis
Answer
:-2

From t
heTayl
or’
sexpansi
onofCosπ3+xin
ascendi
ngpowersofxuptothex3t
ermfi
nd f
ı
π3
Answer
:-32

From t
heTayl
or’
sexpansi
onofCosπ3+xin
ascendi
ngpowersofxuptothex3t
ermfi
ndfı
ı
x
Answer
:-cosx
From t
heTayl
or’
sexpansi
onofCosπ3+xin
ascendi
ngpowersofxuptothex3t
ermfi
ndfı
v
π3
Answer
:½

From t
heTayl
or’
sexpansi
onofCosπ3+xin
ascendi
ngpowersofxuptothex3t
ermfi
ndfı
v
x
Answer
:Cos x

Supposefxi safuncti
oncont i
nuousonaclose
i
nter
vala≤x≤banddi f
ferent
iabl
eont heopen
i
nter
vala&lt
;x&l
t;
bandi ffa=fb=0,thenfı
c
Answer
:0

From t
heMacl
aur
inexpansi
onf
x=I
n(1+x)f
ind
f
ıı
ıx
Answer
:21+x3

From t
heMacl
aur
inexpansi
onf
x=I
n(1+x)f
ind
fı
vx
Answer
:-6(
1+x)
4

From t
heMacl
aur
inexpansi
onf
x=I
n(1+x)f
ind
fı
ı0
Answer
:-1

From t
heMacl
aur
inexpansi
onf
x=I
n(1+x)f
ind
f
v0
Answer
:4!

UsingSimpson’
srul
ewi t
h6equall
yspaced
i
nterval
sandbyconsider
ingt
heintegral
∫
064+x3dx.FindThenumberofordinates
Answer
:7

UsingSimpson’
srul
ewit
h6equall
yspaced
i
nterv
alsandbyconsi
der
ingt
heint
egr
al
∫
064+x3dx.Fi
nd∆x=st r
ipwi
dth
Answer
:1

UsingSimpson’
srul
ewit
h6equal
lyspaced
i
nterv
alsandbyconsi
der
ingt
hei
ntegr
al
∫
064+x3dx.Fi
ndArea
Answer
:22.
6squar
euni
ts

Thetwosegmenttr
apezoi
dalr
uleofi
ntegrat
ion
i
sexactf
orint
egrat
ingatmost___
_orderof
pol
ynomi
al
Answer
:fi
rst
Usingtr
apezoi
dal
rulewithf
ive(
5)equal
ly
spacedi
nter
val
sandbyconsider
ingthei
ntegr
al.
∫121xdx.Eval
uateb-an
Answer
:1/
5

Usingtr
apezoidalrulewi
thf
ive(5)equal
ly
spacedint
ervalsandbyconsideri
ngtheint
egr
al.
∫121xdx,evaluatethear
eaoftheintegr
al
Answer
:17532520