Scribd
Upload
4 views

3. Hello World – First C++ Program

The document provides an introduction to C++ programming, starting with a simple 'Hello World' program and explaining its structure and components. It covers key concepts such as semicolons, blocks, identifiers, keywords, and the role of whitespace in C++. The document emphasizes the syntax rules and conventions that are essential for writing C++ code.

Uploaded by

nandini kataria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

3. Hello World – First C++ Program

The document provides an introduction to C++ programming, starting with a simple 'Hello World' program and explaining its structure and components. It covers key concepts such as semicolons, blocks, identifiers, keywords, and the role of whitespace in C++. The document emphasizes the syntax rules and conventions that are essential for writing C++ code.

Uploaded by

nandini kataria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

C++ Programming

Hello World – First C++ Program


Just to give you a little excitement about C++ programming, we going to give you a
small conventional C++ Hello World program.
C++ is a super set of C programming with additional implementation of object-oriented
concepts.

C++ Program Structure


In this guide, we will write and understand the first program in
C++ programming. We are writing a simple C++ program that prints “Hello
World!” message. Let’s see the program first and then we will discuss each
and every part of it in detail.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// main() is where program execution begins.


int main() {
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}

Let us look at the various parts of the above program −


 The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information
that is either necessary or useful to your program. For this program,
the header <iostream> is needed.
 The line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use the std
namespace. Namespaces are a relatively recent addition to C++.
 The next line '// main() is where program execution begins.' is a
single-line comment available in C++. Single-line comments begin
with // and stop at the end of the line.
 The line int main() is the main function where program execution
begins.
 The next line cout << "Hello World"; causes the message "Hello
World" to be displayed on the screen.
 The next line return 0; terminates main( )function and causes it to
return the value 0 to the calling process.

11 Mohannad Al-Kubaisi
C++ Programming

Semicolons and Blocks in C++


In C++, the semicolon is a statement terminator. That is, each individual
statement must be ended with a semicolon. It indicates the end of one
logical entity.
For example, following are three different statements −
x = y;
y = y + 1;
add(x, y);
A block is a set of logically connected statements that are surrounded by
opening and closing braces. For example −
{
cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World
return 0;
}
C++ does not recognize the end of the line as a terminator. For this reason,
it does not matter where you put a statement in a line. For example −
x = y;
y = y + 1;
add(x, y);
is the same as
x = y; y = y + 1; add(x, y);

C++ Identifiers
A C++ identifier is a name used to identify a variable, function, class,
module, or any other user-defined item. An identifier starts with a letter A to
Z or a to z or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters,
underscores, and digits (0 to 9).
C++ does not allow punctuation characters such as @, $, and % within
identifiers. C++ is a case-sensitive programming language.
Thus, Manpower and manpower are two different identifiers in C++.
Here are some examples of acceptable identifiers −
mohd zara abc move_name a_123
myname50 _temp j a23b9 retVal

12 Mohannad Al-Kubaisi
C++ Programming

C++ Keywords
The following list shows the reserved words in C++. These reserved words
may not be used as constant or variable or any other identifier names.
asm else new this

auto enum operator throw

bool explicit private true

break export protected try

case extern public typedef

catch false register typeid

char float reinterpret_cast typename

class for return union

const friend short unsigned

const_cast goto signed using

continue if sizeof virtual

default inline static void

delete int static_cast volatile

do long struct wchar_t

double mutable switch while

dynamic_cast namespace template

Whitespace in C++
A line containing only whitespace, possibly with a comment, is known as a
blank line, and C++ compiler totally ignores it.
Whitespace is the term used in C++ to describe blanks, tabs, newline
characters and comments. Whitespace separates one part of a statement
from another and enables the compiler to identify where one element in a
statement, such as int, ends and the next element begins.

13 Mohannad Al-Kubaisi
C++ Programming

Statement 1
int age;
In the above statement there must be at least one whitespace character (usually a
space) between int and age for the compiler to be able to distinguish them.
Statement 2
fruit = apples + oranges; // Get the total fruit
In the above statement 2, no whitespace characters are necessary between
fruit and =, or between = and apples, although you are free to include some
if you wish for readability purpose.

14 Mohannad Al-Kubaisi

You might also like