ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER

“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
● Good public speakers learn how to express their
BENEFITS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
ideas through effective delivery techniques, or
Public Speaking how one presents their message through the
● As defined by Aristotle, it is the “faculty of voice and body.
discovering in the particular case all the 6. To listen more intently and effectively
available means of persuasion.” ● The ability to listen critically to messages and
- RHETORIC protect yourself from selfish manipulation and
● Public Speaking is about affecting human exploitation by others is an essential life skill.
behavior. “How can I create a message that will 7. To provide useful feedback to others
affect my audience?” ● In many public speaking classes, students learn
- PERSUASION to provide constructive criticism to their peers, a
● Public speaking is a powerful form of
useful and life-long skill
communication that includes a speaker who has
8. To take an audience-oriented perspective
a reason for speaking, and audience that gives
● In public speaking courses, students learn how
the speaker attention, and a message that is
to conduct an audience analysis, which is the
meant to accomplish a specific purpose.”
process of understanding your audience and
(O’Hair & Weiman, 2012)
adapting your presentation to meet their needs.
9. To excite and engage people
Benefits of Public Speaking:
● Good speakers are able to use creative and vivid
1. To succeed in your studies
language to evoke feelings and images in
● As students, you will almost certainly be asked to
listeners’ minds.
prepare and deliver oral presentations in many
10. To empower yourself to be a leader
college courses in a wide variety of disciplines.
● Humes, a former speechwriter argues that public
2. To advance your future career
speaking is “the language of leadership” and
● Employees continually report that good
that “every time you have to speak—whether it’s
communication skills, such as public speaking
in an auditorium, in a company conference
and presentation ability, are the most essential
room, or even at your own desk—you are
and desired qualities a job candidate can
auditioning for leadership”.
possess.
3. To strengthen critical thinking
Takeaways:
● Students in public speaking courses become
1. Communication overcomes fear.
critical thinkers in part by learning about
2. Communication opens opportunities.
adapting one’s message to their audience,
strategies for organizing persuasive messages,
and techniques for listening. ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE SPEAKING
4. To reduce anxiety and boost confidence Effective Speaking
● One can reduce anxiety in public once one ● Does not only mean speaking correctly in any
practices public speaking because one can read public speaking situation
the room much better and can know the purpose ● Nowadays, it means speaking in public with
of their speech. confidence, clarity and reflecting your own
5. To deliver our messages effectively personality at the same time.

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
● To ensure being able to speak in public ● END: importance of this piece of knowledge
effectively, consider the following: 2. Persuasive
1. Your Accent ● Convince the audience to change their beliefs or
● If your accent doesn’t affect your listeners views on an issue
negatively and doesn’t make you comfortable, ● Use the three modes of persuasion: ethos -
just be yourself. credibility, pathos - emotions, and logos - logic
● If your accent is strongly marked to make you ● START: a quote, stand/viewpoint, etc.
feel inadequate, embarrassed and prevents you ● BODY: arguments/ counterarguments
from being understood, be neutral. ● END: restatement and an impactful statement
2. Your Voice 3. Entertainment
● Your voice is distinct to you. ● Captivate the audience to be amused with you
● Reflects your self-esteem ● Adapt to the occasion, audience, and the length
● If you’re confident with yourself, you’re more of time for your speech
likely to have command in your voice and clarity ● START: a joke, narrative, or quote
of speech. ● BODY: a story (depending on the occasion)
● Tonality - control we have for the pitch of our ● END: punchline, a thank you, or congratulations
voice. Low or High Register
3. Breathing
● Always breathe from your diaphragm. TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY
4. Voice Production Types of Speech
● Volume - voice modulation ● Every speech has its purpose but can vary in
● Clarity - open mouth to speak accurately approach of delivery. Delivery is the method
● Variety - utterance reflects your emotions used for the speech and especially the time you
have to prepare and practice.
TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE Types of Speeches According to Delivery:
1. Impromptu
Speech
● Happens on the spot without any notice ahead
● The ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a
of time.
piece of spoken language.
● Excused for any mistake or imperfection.
● A formal talk given usually to a large number of
● Good practice for improving one’s image.
people on a special occasion. (Cambridge
2. Extemporaneous - debate, school
Dictionary)
presentations
● Limits your time to prepare (at least a day or 10
Types of Speeches According to Purpose:
minutes before).
1. Informative
● Allow notes in presentations or cue cards to be
● Provide knowledge or interesting unknown facts
used.
to the audience
3. Manuscript - gospels, hostings, events,
● Aims to educate the audience
induction
● Make descriptions and use visual aids
● Read a prepared script for the speech with a
● START: a citation, trivia, or quote
proper attitude.
● BODY: explanation, definition or description

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
● Gives the speaker assurance to deliver the ❖ You can browse through any reference
speech the way it was prepared. portal, online encyclopedia, or any
4. Memorized - YONA, DIY videos subject-based website.
● Prepares the entire speech and delivers it out of ● Example of choosing a subject:
memory. ❖ Subject: Music
● Practices the exact lines and actions by the ❖ Topic: Music Therapy
speaker. ❖ General Purpose: To inform
❖ Specific Purpose: To inform my audience
Takeaways: about the benefits of music therapy for
1. Communication is versatile. people with psychological problems.
2. Communication requires preparation. 2. Analyzing the audience
● Age - What is the average age group?
● Gender - What are their gender and sexual
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
orientation?
Speech Writing ● Education - What is the education level of the
● Is the art of conveying a message to the audience?
audience through words. ● Religion - What are the religious orientations of
● “Speech is power. Speech is to persuade, to the audience?
convert, to compel. It is to bring another out of ● Culture - Are the audience alike ethnically?
his bad sense into your good sense.” ● Geography - Are the audience familiar with each
- Ralph Waldo Emerson other?
● Affiliation - Are the audience part of a certain
Principles of Speech Writing group or sect?
1. Choosing the subject and topic ● Interests - Are the audience expecting a specific
● A subject is a broad knowledge such as topic to be discussed?
education, science, art, etc. 3. Sourcing the information
● A topic is some specific aspect of a subject. 1. Examples - In writing a speech, use concrete
● Example: examples to get the attention of your audience.
❖ Subject - Breast Cancer 2. Statistics - Always use visual aids to show
❖ Topic - Experiences of Survivors statistical trends like charts.
● STEP 1: Personal Inventory 3. Testimony - Get expert opinions from people who
❖ Make a quick inventory of your vocation, have firsthand experiences.
hobbies, and interests. 4. Anecdotes & Narratives - Relay a short and
❖ Jot down anything that comes to your amusing story or give personal accounts.
mind no matter how irrelevant. 5. Comparisons - Start with similarities before
● STEP 2: Clustering differences.
❖ Take a sheet and divide it into eight 6. Quotations - Look for quotes that drive your
columns: people, places, things, events, point.
processes, concepts, natural 7. Definitions - Make the meaning of the word
phenomenon, and problems.
clear to prove a certain point.
● STEP 3: Reference Search

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
8. Audiovisual Aids - Use objects, models, ● Speaking out your message
presentations, chalkboards, graphs, maps,
video/audio recordings. Principle
● P.R.E.P Method in Impromptu Speaking - Point. ● Basic idea or rule
Example/Evidence. Reason. Point ● Explain and control how something works
4. Outlining and organizing ● A basic idea or rule that explains or controls how
● Thesis - Make sure that your thesis statement is something happens or works. (Cambridge
included. Dictionary)
● Main Points - Write in complete sentences.
● Order - Follow a pattern: time, spatial, causal, Principles of Speech Delivery:
problem-solution, or logical. 1. Articulation
● Introduction - The main purpose of an ● Involves pronouncing words clearly and
introduction is to hold the audience’s attention distinctly
until the end. ● Ensures that the audience understands the
a. Rhetorical Question message without confusion
b. Startling statement ● Voice production
c. Quotation ❖ Respiration (TO NOT RUN OUT OF
d. Story BREATH) - generates enough breath
● Conclusion - Make a full story or rotation. Tell support for voicing
the audience what they must do afterwards. ❖ Phonation (FOR VOLUME) - adjust
a. Summary muscles (larynx and vocal chords) to
b. Quotation produce sound
c. Emotional/Dramatic Statement ❖ Resonance (FOR CLARITY) - creates
d. Appeal to Action vibrations and amplified to become
● Title - It is the headline for your speech and human voice
makes it more memorable. ● Voice Disorders - the speaker's experience,
a. Question background, and habits of speaking affect vocal
b. Simple Expression delivery.
c. Creative Title ❖ Physical Condition: Problems may
also occur based on a person’s physical
Takeaways: condition. Ex. Cleft palate (Feeding
1. Communication follows principles. problems in infancy, like taking a long
2. Communication thrives on logical organization. time to finish a bottle or nurse, or milk
and formula coming out their nose;
Frequent ear infections, Trouble making
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
or pronouncing certain sounds, Nasally
Speech Delivery sounding speech, Air coming out of your
● The manner in which a speaker presents their child’s nose when they talk) ; Lisps (
message to an audience. It encompasses both Pronouncing S and Z sounds as “th”
the content of the speech and the way it is <frontal or dental>, a wet slushy sound
communicated. accompanying S and Z <lateral>, an H

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
sound preceding S and Z <palatal> ; ● One study shows that 50% of meaning conveyed
Hearing impairment in a conversation is expressed through the face.
❖ Psychological condition: Problems A speaker’s appearance and physical
may also occur based on psychological attractiveness can enhance a speaker’s
health. Ex. Selective mutism, Nuances persuasive influence.
● Tips to improve articulation: 3. Stage Presence
❖ Practice pronunciation ● The ability of the speaker to “own the stage”.
❖ Read aloud ● The opposite of stage presence is stage fright,
❖ Eliminate filler words which is considered the topmost fear in the
❖ Slow down your speech world of public speaking.
❖ Expand your vocabulary ● Always consider your physical appearance.
❖ Practice regularly ● It creates a positive impression when you dress
appropriately for the audience, occasion, and
2. Modulation the topic.
● The ability to adjust the pitch, tone, volume of 4. Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements
voice ● Facial Expressions - If you project emotion about
● Keeps the audience engaged, helps emphasize a topic through facial expressions, you will
key points, and express emotions. receive a similar response from the audience.
● Pitch - the highness or lowness of the speaker’s ● Gestures should be spontaneous and reflective
voice of an individual’s feelings and energies.
● Tone - the quality/character of speaker’s voice ● Successful gestures are precise; they punctuate
● Volume - the loudness or softness of the words and ideas clearly.
speaker’s voice ● If you have a good posture, you appear more
● Tips to improve modulation: prepared than one who slouches or loans on the
❖ Understand the basics of modulation lectern.
❖ Use pauses effectively ● Standing on both feet gives you greater stability
❖ Engage in voice exercises than shifting from one leg to the other.
❖ Read aloud with emotion ● Facial Expressions should change with the
❖ Watch and learn from great speakers
content of the speech, gestures or movements
❖ Practice regularly
on the other hand, highlights the points being
clarified and direct the audience to follow every
Takeaways:
word and important details the speaker has to
1. Communication needs practice.
say.
2. Communication requires commitment.
5. Rapport with the audience
● The most important tool for establishing a
Nonverbal Delivery
connection with the audience is an audience
● This aspect of speaking is important because we
analysis.
communicate many of our thoughts and feelings
● The speaker would know how to deliver the
nonverbally through facial expressions, eye
message to the audience and strike them or
contact, or body movements.
connect with his/her listeners at a deeper level.

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
ACCENTS CAN BE LEARNED
THROUGH DIFFERENT WAYS—LIKE
WATCHING TV SERIES
ORALCOM - Longtest 1
1. According to Plato, public speaking is 6. As a public speaker, you are building
the art of persuasive speaking or called rapport with your audiences by making
rhetoric. sure a universal message resonates in
TRUE your speech.
FALSE TRUE
CORRECT ANSWER: ARISTOTLE FALSE

2. Public speakers are born because their 7. Public speaking is a positive asset for
voices are genetically imparted through everyone because it can be used to let
their parents, for example, Inka other people do your own bidding
Magnaye inheriting her parents voice whether for good or bad intentions.
acting skills. TRUE
TRUE FALSE
FALSE PUBLIC SPEAKING IS ONLY A
THEY ARE NOT BORN, BUT POSITIVE ASSET WHEN IT’S DONE
MADE FOR GOOD BIDDING

3. Proper gestures must evoke positive 8. In delivering a manuscript speech, it is

reactions from the audiences. required that a speaker stands before a
TRUE podium and places his/her script on it.
FALSE TRUE
PROPER PHYSICAL FALSE
APPEARANCE EVOKES
REACTION FROM THE 9. In public speaking, there are types
AUDIENCES according to its approach or purpose.
TRUE
4. A topic is broader than a subject. FALSE
TRUE MAYBE
FALSE TO INFORM, TO ENTERTAIN, AND TO
A SUBJECT IS BROADER THAN A PERSUADE
TOPIC
10. Great public speakers aim to use their
5. Accents can only be learned by adapting voices to spread positive actions which
oneself in the same environment as make them become good leaders.
native speakers. TRUE
TRUE FALSE
FALSE

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
11. After the play, Chappell and her friends C. Halsey must use different tone of
started to chant. They protested to voice while speaking.
protect their freedom of speech and let D. Halsey should try shouting at his
the LGBTQ community be more audiences.
involved in building their society. They Controlling pitch helps add variety and energy
each stood on the podium and read to speech, making it more engaging and
from a piece of paper a letter about preventing monotony.
how the LGBTQ could make changes
positively. What types of speech were 14. During an interview, Lisa keeps on being
used by Chappell and her friends? asked to repeat her answers because the
A. PERSUASIVE AND interviewers could not understand her
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH words behind her nasally speech and
B. PERSUASIVE AND tone. What could possibly prevent Lisa
IMPROMPTU SPEECH in speaking clearly?
C. PERSUASIVE AND A. Lisa is struggling to breathe
MANUSCRIPT SPEECH properly. RESPIRATORY = TO
D. PERSUASIVE AND SUPPORT VOICING; NOT
MEMORIZED SPEECH RUN OUT OF BREATH
B. Lisa has a problem with her
12. Anne-Marie could not pronounce resonance. RESONANCE =
her /s/ and /sh/ properly. VIBRATION; TO AMPLIFY
Oftentimes, she gets her tongue bitten in HUMAN VOICE FOR
between her sentences. What voice CLARITY
disorder Anne-Marie has? C. Lisa has complications with her
A. Anne-Marie is lisping. phonation. PHONATION =
B. Anne-Marie could not adapt to a MUSCLE CONTRACTION;
different accent. TO MAKE SOUNDS
C. Anne-Marie has nuances in her D. Lisa does not pronounce her
speech. words properly.
D. Anne-Marie possibly has an open
cleft-palate. 15. As a radio DJ, Aika prepares her
anecdotes, quips, and transitions
13. Halsey speaks with good pronunciation beforehand so that while on air, she
and modulation. However, he still can't delivers the song playlist smoothly.
engage his audiences with enthusiasm What part of speech writing does Aika
and so they become bored when he's exhibit?
speaking. How can Halsey improve his A. DJ Aika is sourcing her
speech? information. While anecdotes,
A. Halsey may speak with different and quips are used for sourcing
tone to sound more authentic. infos, Aika prepares it
B. Halsey could control his pitch to BEFOREHAND
sound more interesting.

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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT | FINAL TERM - 1ST SEMESTER
“Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that counts.” — Winston Churchill
B. DJ Aika is choosing her topic and 20.This should be maintained by the
subject. speaker throughout his delivery to be
C. DJ Aika is analyzing her able to see the audience's reactions.
audience. A. VOICE QUALITY
D. DJ Aika is outlining and B. EYE CONTACT
organizing her speech. C. POSTURE
D. GESTURES
16. According to Delivery : Impromptu
Extemporaneous Manuscript 21. This benefit of public speaking allows
Memorized the person to become more attentive to
the needs of others and provide
An interview given after a game. constructive criticism.
A two-minute speech about a topic. A. TO BOOST CONFIDENCE
A lector presenting the gospel B. TO PROVIDE USEFUL
A do-it-yourself video presentation FEEDBACK
An induction of class officers C. TO TAKE AN
AUDIENCE-ORIENTED
17. These movements of the hands come PERSPECTIVE
naturally from the speaker to give D. TO LISTEN INTENTLY AND
emphasis on his or her words. EFFECTIVELY
A. STAGE PRESENCE
B. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS 22. It is a technique to present similar
C. APPEARANCE situations between the speaker and the
D. GESTURES audience to establish rapport.
A. USING ANECDOTES
18. It reflects the flow or pattern of a B. BEGINNING WITH
speech. QUOTATIONS
A. SUBJECT C. MAKING A NARRATIVE
B. SOURCE D. SHARING A TESTIMONY
C. OUTLINE
D. TOPIC

19. It ensures the speaker's clarity by

avoiding obstructions in the nasal or
oral cavity.
A. ACCENT
B. MODULATION
C. ARTICULATION
D. VOLUME