BEGIN PROGRAMING FUNDAMENTALS(PF)

To begin learning programming fundamentals (PF) for students with no computer background, it is
advisable to start with pseudocode and flowchart to develop logic-building skills. I recommend watching
the provided video as an initial step. These videos will introduce you to the basics of pseudocode and
flowchart, which are essential tools for designing algorithms and solving problems.

1. Click to Play Video 1

2. Click to Play Video 2
3. Click to Play Video 3

After watching the video, enhance your understanding by exploring additional educational resources
available on YouTube. Look for more videos related to pseudocode, flowchart, and logic building to
reinforce your learning. After watching these Videos also, you can follow the slides and then can
practice from the Assignments and Lab Tasks.

After you have learnt pseudocodes and flowchart than you can implement that problem in code. Some
Questions are given at the end to start with for practice for pseudocodes and coding (for more see
Assignments folder).

Learn in this order for Pseudocodes:

• if/else

• nested if/else

• while loop

• for loop

• do loop

• Do sum dry runs of pseudocodes if you want to make your logic strong(watch Trace
table videos on YouTube)
• Flowchart (use can also learn flowchart side by side with pseudocode)

Remember to take it step by step, and don't be discouraged by the initial challenges. Learning
programming fundamentals is a gradual process, and with practice, you will gradually become more
proficient in problem-solving and algorithm development.
Best of luck on your learning journey!

Better to learn C++ because it is the best language to start learning, or if not C++ than C.

• Click to view Programming Fundamentals Google Drive Folder

Following two are the sub folder of above folder.
▪ Click to view PF Slides Folder

▪ Click to view PF Assignments

▪ Click to view Lab Tasks

IMPORTANT LINKS FOR COMPILER

• Click to Download Visual Studio from Microsoft Website (download Visual Studio Community)

• Click to Open Google Drive Folder with Dev and Visual Studio Setup (it may give you warning for
 harmful file because you are downloading it from google drive, but it is OK.)

• Click to Download Dev C++

If you are new, you should download Dev C++, it is easy, then after some time you can move towards
Visual Studio. But it is up to you to use any compiler.
If you don’t have laptop/PC than you can also use online complier
Click to open online Compiler
AFTER YOU HAVE LEARNT PROBLEM SOLVING, PSEUDOCODES,
FLOWCHART THAN START LEARNING THE SYNTAX OF THE
PROGRAMING LANGUAGE STEP BY STEP

After you have learned pseudocode, you might have learned till loops so when learning to code you will
just need to learn the syntax. If you don’t think of competing the course (of course it is too much), do as
much as you can, at least try to cover till nested loops and some basic Arrays. If you want to learn C++,
all the material is available in these slides in the correct order. These are not long topics, some of the
topics are too small, but as it is detailed roadmap, that’s why it is looking long.
As you are covering the topics after each topic you can solve practice problem from the
internet, or you can also solve the assignments (Folder Link) and Lab Tasks (Lab Tasks Folder).

Roadmap to Learn Programming Language

• Simple Data types (int, float, double, bool, long, char, short)

• Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence

▪ Learn about arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %) and how operator precedence affects the
order of operations.
• Math Operator Rules

• Escape Sequences and Formatting Output (\n, \t, etc.)

• Relational Operators and Simple Data Types

• Constant variable

• Type Conversion

• if/else structure

▪ understanding parenthesis {} in if else statements

▪ Equality and Relational Operators (=, ==, <, >, <=, >=, !=)

▪ Logical (Boolean) Operators and Logical Expressions (!, ||, &&)

▪ Order of Precedence

▪ Short Circuit Analysis C++

▪ if/else if/else

▪ nested if/else

• Conditional Operator (?:)

• Switch structure

• Loops

▪ while loop
 ▪ counter control loops while loops, sentinel control while loop, flag control while loop ▪
Break and continue in loops.
▪ for loop

▪ do loop

▪ nested loops (loop within a loop)

• Do sum dry runs of code if you want to make your logic strong (watch Trace table videos on
YouTube)
• Nested loops

• Arrays (Do practice array with loops to make concepts strong) (First start with 1D array than 2D
array follow same process for both types of arrays)
▪ Defining and initializing Array

▪ Accessing array components

▪ Editing Array

▪ Input/Output in Array

▪ Searching in arrays

▪ Sorting arrays

▪ Bubble Sort/Selection Sort

• String Data Type

▪ Basic String Functions (length, size, find, substring)

▪ Accessing element of string as Array

▪ Array of string

• Character String/Character Array

• (void, int, char, float, bool, string) Functions

▪ Defining a function

▪ Returning a value from function

▪ Parameter of functions

▪ Actual Parameter Vs Formal Parameter

▪ Default arguments in function parameters

▪ Passing an Array to function

▪ Reference Variable

▪ Returning more than one value through a function (by reference)

▪ Function Overloading (defining multiple functions with the same name but different
parameter lists)
• Local and Global Variable

• Lifetime of a variable, scope of a variable concepts

• Static variable
 • Simple Recursion

▪ Factorial

▪ Sum of Array

▪ Fibonacci

• File Handling

▪ Writing in File

▪ Reading from File

▪ Simple editing in File

• Pointers (The slides of this topic in 2nd Semester folder. Click to view it)

You can skip the Week_04_Lec_02_Updated slide if you don’t understand it by yourself or else ask help
from a senior. You can skip topics such as Memory Concept, Asset Function but try to have at least
some basic knowledge on it.

SIMPLE PROBLEMS TO START with for Practice

After you have written the Pseudocodes of the following problems you can also use write these
problems in code.
Write a program/pseudocode that:
• takes two numbers as input and calculates their sum. *

• takes three numbers as input and finds the maximum among them. *

• takes the length and width of a rectangle as input and calculates its area. * •
takes a number as input and checks if it is even or odd. *
• to calculate the factorial of a given number. ** ^

• takes a number as input and calculates the sum of its digits. ** ^

• takes a base and exponent as input and calculates the power of the number. ** ^ • to
generate the Fibonacci series up to a given number of terms. ** ^
• finds all prime numbers up to a given limit. ** ^

• checks if a given number is a palindrome or not. ** ^

• takes the radius of a circle as input and calculates its area. *

• takes a number as input and displays its multiplication table. ** ^

* Easy
** Medium
^ This means that you need understanding of loops to solve this problem

These problems are relatively simple and are great for starting to learn C++ using pseudocode and
flowcharts. As you gain confidence and understanding, you can gradually move on to more complex
problems and coding in C++. Solve Labs Tasks.
BEST OF LUCK ON YOUR LEARNING JOURNEY!