Experiment No.
Aim: Demonstration of cut-section models of DC Motor, 3-phase AC & 1-phase AC
Motor and Transformer.
Objective:
The Observe construction of various machines.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Cut section of DC Machine
2. Cut section of armature
3. Cut section of transformer
4. Cut section of single phase motor
THEORY
1. Parts of DC Machine
1. Terminal Box: For connections
2. Lifting Eye: For lift the motor
3. Frame:-For Support of stator pole and winding. It made from cast iron material.
4. Base Plate: For provide base of motor for installation.
5. Field System (Stator)
It is a Stationary Part. It comprises Pole, Pole shoe and field winding.
Pole is made of magnetic material to produce flux.
Pole shoe use to spread more flux in air gap.
Field Winding is surrounded to Pole. Use to magnetize poles which
produce magnetic flux.
6. Armature (Rotor)
It is Rotating Part of motor. It includes armature core, winding, brush and
commutator
7. Armature Winding: Lap winding and Wave Winding use as armature winding.
8. Commutator: the commutator use to produce unidirectional torque.
9. Carbon Brushes: Use to provide supply to armature.
10. Shaft: It is rotating element used to transmit the torque to the load. It is made up
of steel
2. Parts of Single Phase AC Motor
1. Terminal Box: For connections
2. Capacitor: It use to provide starting torque and in running it use for power factor
improvement.
3. Lifting Eye: For lift the motor
4. Frame: - For Support of stator core and winding. It made from cast iron material.
5. Base Plate: For provide base of motor for installation.
6. Stator:
Stator is a Stationary Part.
Stator core is made of large number of laminations to reduce eddy current
loss.
Starting & Running Winding is placed in stator core.
7. Rotor:
Rotor is Rotating Part of motor.
It made from skewed aluminum bare conductor & shorted on both sides by
end rings.
It slides skew to reduce humming.
8. Centrifugal switch: It connected with shaft of motor and Use to disconnect
starting winding when pickup 80 % of its rated speed motor.
9. Shaft: It is rotating element used to transmit the torque to the load. It is made up
of steel.
3. Parts of Single Phase Transformer
Core- The core in the transformer forms a magnetic path for the flux. Mainly in
transformers ‘E’, ‘I’, ‘L’ and ‘U’ shaped laminated cores are used.
Winding- There are two types of windings in a transformer.
(1) Primary winding and (2) secondary winding
Both windings are made of super enameled copper or aluminum wires. The number of
turns in these coils depends on the transformer’s transform ratio and the cross-sectional
area of the wire used in the coils, the current carrying capacity of the transformer. The
side of the transformer where the supply is provided is called the primary side and the
side where the load is applied is called the secondary side.
Insulation- To insulate both the coils from each other and between the different layers
of each coil a special type of insulated paper is used, such as Prasfan paper, Ladoride
paper, special pressboard, fiber sheet, varnished paper, kraft paper, etc.
Tank- The part in which the transformer is kept is called the tank. This M.S. is Made of
the sheet. For natural cooling, ventilation ducts are left in the tank for air circulation,
while for oil cooling, hollow tubes are made on the outer surface of the tank.
Transformer oil is filled in these tanks for cooling.
Terminal box- The terminal ends of the primary and secondary coils are mounted on the
terminals of the terminal box, the terminals are usually made of brass and the terminal
plate is made of Bakelite sheet or some other insulating material. The terminal box is
mounted on top of one of the sides of the tank.
Other goods- Apart from the above, some other accessories are also used for the proper
operation of large power transformers, such as breather, book hole relay conservator
tank, vent pipe and diaphragm, tape changer, etc.
