KABOJJA JUNIOR

SCHOOL

P.3 MATHEMATICS
LESSON NOTES AND
TOPICAL
QUESTIONS

TERM I
1
 SET CONCEPTS
What is a set?
 A set is a collection of well-defined objects.
 Things found in a set are called members or elements.
Example of sets.

a) A set of the first five letters of alphabet. b). A set of 2 trees.

Exercise 1a;
Draw and name the following sets;
1. A set of 4 girls. 2) A set of 5 chairs. 3) A set of 3 stars. 4) A set of 2 huts.

TYPES OF SETS.
1. Equal sets 2). Non-equal sets 3). Equivalent sets 4) Non – equivalent sets
5). Empty sets 6). Intersecting sets 7). Union set.

EQUAL or IDENTICAL SETS (“ =”)

 Equal sets are sets which have exactly the same type of members.
Example;
1. Set A = { c , u , t } and B = { t , u , c }
Set A is equal to set B.
A = B

NON- EQUAL SETS (≠)

 Non –equal sets which have different number of members of different kind.
Example;
Set B={e, t, o} and set D= {b, y}
Set B is not equal to D.
BD
Exercise 1b;

Write equal or not equal.

1. Set P={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and set Q ={3, 5, 2, 1, 4}. Set P is _______to set Q.

2. D={a, i,o,u} and set E={e, f, g}. Set D is ______ to set E.
3. Set S= and set T = Set S is ___ to set T
klm Mnl
n 2 k
 4. R={ , , } and set O ={ , }Set R is _____ to
set O.

MATCHING OR EQUIVALENT SETS  “ 

 Equivalent sets are sets with the same number of members but may be of different
kind.
 All equal sets are equivalent but not all equivalent sets are equal sets.
EXAMPLE
P = { a , e , i , o , u } and Q = { 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 }.
Set P has 5 elements and set Q has 5 elements.
Set P is equivalent to set Q.
P  Q

NON- EQUIVALENT SETS

 Non – equivalent sets do not have the same number of members.

S = { c , o , w } and T={ w,s}
Set S has 3 members and set T has 2 members.
S is not equivalent to set T
S T

Exercise 1c;
Write Equivalent or not equivalent.

1. Set E={ a, b, c, d, } and set F ={2, 4, 6, 8}. Set E has __elements. Set F has __ members.
Set E is _____ to set F.
2. Set M ={p, q, r, s,t} and set N ={u, v, w, x} .Set M has ___members. Set N has __
members. Set M is _____ to set N.
3. A= and set B= Pm n Set A has __elements.Set B
klmno o
has _elements. Set A is ___ to set B.

EMPTY or NULL SET “  Or, { }”

 An empty set is a set without members.

 Another name for empty set is a null set.
Examples
a) Set K = {Pupils in p 3 with 10 legs}
Set K =  or { }.

b) Set R = {Our teachers with less than 3 years of age}

R =  or { }.

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 NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A GIVEN SET e.g n(P).
Examples ;
1. If K={a,b,c,d}.Find n(K) 2. Given that set R = Pm n
K={a,b,c,d} How many members are in set R ?
n(K)=4 R={ p, m, n,}
There are 3 elements in set R. or n(R)=3

Exercise 1e;

1. If set P={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.Find n(P)

2. Given that D={ a, e, I ,o, u}. How many elements are in set D?
3. Set Y={h, m, j, h, r, i}.Find n(Y).
4. If set W={e, f, g, h}. What is n(W)?
5.

INTERSECTING SETS “ ”

 Intersecting sets are sets with common members or elements.

Example:-
1. Set F = { e , a , r , } and set G = { l , e , a , n }

Common members ={e , a }

 So set F and set G is intersection sets.
F  G= {e, a}

 Common members are written only once.

Example 2.
Set A = { d , i , g }and set B = { d , o n , e }

AB ={d }

Exercise 1f;

1. If set A={1, 2, 3, 4, ,5} and set B={2, 4, 6, 8}. Find AB.

2. Given that P={a, e, I, o, u} and Q={a, b, c, d}.What is PQ ?
3. Set W={ o, p q, r, s} and set R={m, n, o, p}.List down all the elements of set WR.
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 4. M={b, o, y, s} and N={c, a, m, b, s}List down all the elements of set MN.

Finding the number of elements in intersection sets.

Example 1
M = { a , b , c , d , e } and N = { a , e , i , o ,u }. Find n (M  N)

M  N = {a, e}

n (M  N)=2
Example 2
Set A = { d , i , g }and set B = { d , o n , e }.How many members are in set AB

AB ={d }
There is one member in set AB.
OR n(AB)= 1.

Exercise 1g;

1. If set A={1, 2, 3, 4, ,5} and set B={2, 4, 6, 8}. Find n(AB).

2. Given that P={a, e, I, o, u} and Q={a, b, c, d}.What is n( PQ) ?
3. Set W={ o, p q, r, s} and set R={m, n, o, p}.How many elements are in WR?.
4. M={b, o, y, s} and N={c, a, m, b, s}How many elements are in MN?.
5.

UNION SET “ ”

A Union set is a set with two or more sets put together.

 In a union set a member is written once.

Example;1
Given that W = {1, 2,3} and set Z = { x, y, z }. Find WZ
Set W Union set Z = { 1,2,3,x,y,z }
W  Z ={ 1,2,3,x,y,z }

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 Example;2

Set F={c,a,r,e,s} and G={c,o,n,e,s}. List down all the elements of set FG

FG={c ,e ,a, r ,s ,o ,n}

Exercise 1 h

1. If set D={1, 2, 3, 4, ,5} and set C={2, 4, 6, 8}. Find (DC).

2. Given that P={a, e, I, o, u} and Q={a, b, c, d}.What is ( PQ) ?
3. Set S={ o, p q, r, s} and set T={m, n, o, p}.List down all the elements of set (ST)
4. M={b, o, y, s} and N={c, a, m, b, s}List down all the elements of set (MN).
5.

Finding the number of elements in a Union set.

Example;
Set F={c,a,r,e,s} and G={c,o,n,e,s}. Find n(FG)

FG={c ,e ,a, r ,s ,o ,n}

n(FG)=7.
Exercise 1i

1. If set D={1, 2, 3, 4, ,5} and set C={2, 4, 6, 8}. Find n (DC).

2. Given that P={a, e, I, o, u} and Q={a, b, c, d}.What is n ( PQ) ?
3. Set W={ o, p q, r, s} and set R={m, n, o, p}.How many elements are in WR?
4. M={b, o, y, s} and N={c, a, m, b, s}How many members are in MN?.
5.

Revision
Name the following set symbols;

1. = ; ______________________________________
2. ;_______________________________________
3. ;_______________________________________
4.  ;_______________________________________
5.  ; Is a member of or an element of
6. ;_______________________________________
7. Is not a member of 
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8. Number of members in set P n(P)

Shading regions on a Venn diagram

Using Venn diagrams to solve set problems.

Example 1 :-
Study the Venn diagram below and answer the questions that follow;
A B
a a) List down all the elements of set A.
e set A={a, b, c, d}
b c d f b) List the members of set B.
Set B = {d, e, f}
c) Find; i) A  B. ii) A  B.
A  B = {d} A  B = {a, b, c, d, e, f}
Example 2.
Study the Venn diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow;
J K a) Find n(J)
Set J={0, 1,2, 3, 4}
n(J)=5
1 0 5 b) How many members are in set K?
2 4 6 Set K={0,4,5,6}
3 There are 4 elements in set K.
OR; n(K) =4
c) n(JK). d) List down all the elements in set J  K.
JK ={0,4} J  K={0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.
n (JK) =2
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Exercise 1J
Study the Venn diagram below and answer the questions that follow;
a) List down all the elements of set P.
b) Find PUQ
c) How many members are in set PQ
d) What is n(Q)?

FILLING IN VENN DIAGRAMS

Example 1:-
Given that Set A = { a , e , i , o , u } and set B = { a , b , c , d , }
a) Fill in the Venn diagram below using set A and B
Note; Start with the intersection part.
A B b) How many members are in set A?
c) , Find;
e a b i) n( B) ii) A  B ii) n(A U B)
iou c

Exercise 1K

1. If set M = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5} and set N = { 0 , 2 , 4 }

a) Fill in the Venn diagram using set M and N.
M N
b) Find; n (M).

c) How many elements are in set N?

d) n(MN) e) n(MN)

TOPICAL TEST 1:
1. Set F = {flies as big as a cow}. Name set F.
2. Draw a set of 4 trees. P Q
3. Shade PQ in the diagram below:

4. Name the following set symbols; a) {} b)  c) 

5. Given that set F={0, 2, 4,6,8}.Find n(F)
6. If set Q={a, e, i, o, u} and set R={a, b, c, d, e}. a)How many members are in set QR? b)Find
QR
7. Use: =,  or  to complete the following.
a) Set H={1, 2, 3, 4, 5} _________Set G={a, b, c, d}
b) A set of men who are pregnant_______
c) Set W ________Set R Ert
Ert

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 8. Study the Venn diagram below and answer the questions that follow;
A B

a) Find; A U B
b) How many members are in A n B?
c) Find; n(B)
d) List down all the elements of set A.

9. Given that set Q={a, e, I, o, u} and set R={a, b, c, d, e}.

a. Complete the Venn diagram below using set Q and R above
Q R

NUMERATION SYSTEMS AND PLACE VALUES.

PLACE VALUES.
ONES, TENS, HUNDREDS, THOUSANDS:
EXAMPLE:
What is the place value of 3 in the 4325 ?

THOUSANDS HUNDREDS TENS ONES

4 3 2 5

The place value of 3 in the number 4325 is Hundreds.

Exercises 2a
Write the place values of the underlined digits.
a) 8921 b)3367 c) 102 d) 649 e) 5720

Exercise 2b
Complete the following:
a) 4675= _thousands,_hundreds, __tens,__ones.
b) 904 = _hundreds __tens __ones.
c) 4341=_thousands__hundreds__tens__ones.
d) 3046=_thousands__hundreds_tens _ones.
e) 5890=_thousands _hundreds_tens_ones.

USING AN ABACUS
FINDING NUMBERS SHOWN ON THE ABACUS:
Example 1.
What number is shown on the abacus?
Th H T O

3 0 2 1 =3021

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 Exercises 2 c

What numbers have been shown on the abacus ?

a) TH H T O b) Th H T O c) Th H T O d) H T O

= = = =

REPRESENTING NUMBERS ON THE ABACUS.

Example;
Show 3021 on the abacus. Exercises 2 d
Show the following numbers on the abacus.
Th H T O a) 656 b) 3601 c)210 d)5372 e) 7521 f) 426.

3 0 2 1 =3021

FINDING THE TOTAL VALUES OF NUMBERS.

Example 1:-
Find the total value of 4 in the number:
a) 148. b) 4580
H T O Th H T O
14 8 4 5 8 0
4 tens = 4 x 10 4 thousands=4x1000
= 40. =4000.
Exercise 2e:
1. Calculate the value of the underlined digits :
a) 5642 b) 6932 c) 1064 d) 978 e) 2108 f) 5497

ADDITION OF VALUES ;

Example:- Exercise 2f
7 tens + 5ones= Let us workout the following :
= (7 x10) + (5 x 1) 1. 2tens plus 2 ones. 2) 5hundreds +4 tens
= 70 + 5 3. 6thousands +6hundreds.
= 75. 4. 8hundreds +6tens +7ones.
5 3thousands and 3tens.

Subtraction of Values
Example EXERCISE 2g
1. 5 tens – 3tens = Workout the following :
= (5 x 10) – (3x10) 1. 4tens -2tens. 2) 3hundreds minus 1hundred

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 = 50 – 30 3. 8thousands -7thousands.
= 20.
Multipulication of values
Example Exercise 2h
4 tens x 6 ones = Workout the following ;
= (4 x 10) x (6 x 1) 1. 2tens x 3ones 2) 4hundreds x 4ones.
= 40 x 6 3. 8tens x2 4) 5thousands x3
= 240.

WRITING IN WORDS. Exercise 2i.

Example:- Write the following in words

Write 6427 in words. a) 435 b) 8648 c)2001 d)6500 e)4095 f)8103
TH H units
6 4 27
6000 = Six thousand.
400= Four hundred.
27= Twenty-seven.
6427 = Six thousand four hundred twenty seven.
Writing in figures Exercise 2j
Example:- Write the following in figures.
Write two thousand four hundred ten in figures. 1. Three thousand, twenty two.
Two thousand = 2000 2. Five hundred five.
Four hundred = 400 3.Two thousand, two hundred two.
Ten = + 10 4. Six thousand, four hundred ninety.
2410 5. Nine thousand nineteen.

WRITING NUMBERS IN EXPANDED FORM

Example:-
Expand 312
H T O
3 1 2
312= ( 3 hundreds ) + ( 1 tens) + ( 2 Ones) Exercise 2K
= ( 3 x 100 ) + ( 1 x 10 ) + ( 2 x 1 ) Write the following in expanded form
Method II 1. 275 2) 7856 3)1002 4)5471 5)8509
H T O
3 1 2
2x1 =2
1x10=10
3x100=300
Note: Write from down upwards.
312 =300 +10 +2

2. Expand 5748 using values

TH H T O
5 7 4 8

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 5748= ( 5 thousands ) + ( 7 hundreds ) + ( 4 tens ) + ( 8 ones )
= ( 5 x 1000 ) + ( 7 x 100 ) + ( 4 x 10 ) + ( 8 x 1 )
= 5000 + 700 + 40 + 8.
Method II
TH H T O
5 7 4 8
8x1=8
4x10=40
7x100=700
5x1000 =5000
5748=5000 +700 +40 +8
FINDING OUT THE EXPANDED NUMBER
Example:-
1. Which number is shown by this expansion;7000 + 40 + 8?
TH H T O
7 0 0 0
4 0
+ 8
7 0 4 8
2 Which number has been expanded to give;
(4x1000)+(7x100)+(5x10)+(6x1)?
4x 1000= 4 0 0 0
7x100 = 7 0 0
5x10 = 50
6x1 = + 6
4756

Exercise 2L
What number has been expanded to give:
1. 6000+60+6 2). (2x100) + (3x10)+(8x1) 3)7000 +300 +50 +6
4. (9x1000) +(2x100) +(3x10) 5). 4000+ 500 +60 +2

ROMAN NUMERALS
 Major Roman numerals are:-
I V X
1 5 10
The Hindu –Arabic numerals are ;0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9
 Roman numerals got by adding 1 are;2 and 3
2 = 1+ 1 3= 1 +1+ 1
=I + I = I + I +I
=II =III

 Roman numerals got by adding to 5 are 6, 7, 8

 The Roman numeral got by subtracting are;. 4, 9

4=5-1 9=10-1

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 =V-I =X-I
=IV =IX

NOTE;
 Roman numerals which can never be repeated are V
 Roman numerals are not repeated more than three times.

Expressing Hindu Arabic numeral as Roman Numerals

Example:- ( Expand and change to Roman numerals.)

1. 19 = 10 + 9 s/w 2. 36 = 30 + 6
= X + IX 10 = XXX + VI
= XIX +9 = XXXVI
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Exercise 2m
Write the following as Roman numerals:
1. a) 8 b) 15 c) 24 d) 39 e)12 f)28
2. Ann is 14years old. Write her age in Roman numerals.
3. John has 26 cows. How many cows does he have in Roman numerals?

Changing Roman numerals to Hindu Arabic numerals

Note; Expand and change to Hindu Arabic numerals
Example: -
XIX = X + IX s/w or XIX =
= 10 + 9 X = 10
= 19 10 IX = +9
+9 = 19 Ans.
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Exercise 2n

Change the following to Hindu-Arabic numerals.

1. a) XXII b) XIV c) XXXV d)XVIII
2. Jane is XI years old. Write her age in Hindu-Arabic numerals.
3. Henry weighs XXXVI kilograms. Find his age in Hindu-Arabic numerals.

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 TOPICAL REVISION.
1. a) Write ;Three thousand three in figures. b) Write 24 in Roman numerals.
2. Complete; 2436=_thousands_hundreds_tens _ones.
3. What number has been expanded to give; 4000+400+4?
4. John is XXXVII years old. Write his age in Hindu-Arabic Numerals.
5. Workout; a) 4tens and 3ones. b) 6hundreds -4hundreds. c) 2thousands x3
6. Given the number; 6390.
a) Write the place value of 3 in the number above.
b) Write the digit that is in the place of tens in the number above.
c) Calculate the value of 6 in the number above.
d) Express the above number in expanded notation.
e) Write the above number in words.

OPERATIONS ON NUMBERS;

ADDITION;
ADDI WITHOUT CARRYING.
Example: -

ADDITION OF 2-DIGIT NUMBERS WITH CARRYING OR RE-GROUPING.

Example:-

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ADDITION OF 3-DIGIT NUMBERS WITH CARRYING OR RE-GROUPING.

Example:-

ADDITION OF 4-DIGIT NUMBERS WITH CARRYING OR RE-GROUPING.

Example:-

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 SUBTRACTION

SUBTRACTION WITHOUT BORROWING OR RE-GROUPING.

Example:-

WORD PROBLEMS
Key words
Decrease, minus, remove, reduce, subtract, difference, take away, Less than.

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EXAMPLES:

SUBTRACTION OF 2 DIGIT NUMBERS WITH BORROWING;

Example:-

SUBTRACTION OF 3- DIGIT NUMBERS WITH BORROWING;

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Example:-

SUBTRACTION OF 4- DIGIT NUMBERS WITH BORROWING;

Example 1:

MULTIPLICATION WORD PROBLEMS;

Multiplication is repeated addition. Key words.
Meaning of multiplication.
Multiply, times, product, multiple.
Example; Example:-
A spider has 8 legs. How many legs do 3
4x 6 means four groups of six
spiders have?
4 x 6 = 6+6+6+6 One spider has 8 legs .
3 spiders have (8x3)legs.
=24
=24 legs.
Exercise.

SIMPLE MULTIPLICATION
Example:-

a) 3 x 2 = 6 b) 9 x 7 = 63
Exercise.4b

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Exercise 4c
Multiplication 2 by 1 digits without carrying:

a) 13 b) 20
x3 x4
39 80
Exercise

WORD PROBLEMS;

Example:-

One year has 12 months. How many months are there in 4 years?
1 year 12 months.
4 years (12 x 4) months
= 48 months.
Exercise 4e

Multiplication of 2 by 1 digit with carrying:

Examples:

Multiplying 3 by 1 digit numbers.

Examples

Multiplying 4 by 1 digit numbers.

Examples

DIVISION;

SIMPLE DIVISION WITHOUT A REMAINDER

Example:-
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a) 66=1 b) 82=4
Exercise 5a
Using long division
Example:-

Exercise

Word problems.
Key words.
Share, divide.
Example;
1. Share 8 books among 4 pupils. How many does each child get?
8books 4 =2books.
2. How many groups of three are in 6?

SIMPLE DIVISION WITH A REMAINDER

Examples

a) 52=2r1 b) 73=2r1

Division with a remainder using long division.

Examples

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Exercise. 6c page 73.
WORD PROBLEMS
Example.
Share 23 sweets between 2 boys.
DIVISION INVOLVING COMPLEX PROBLEMS.
Examples:

Exercise. 6b page 73 , Ex 6d pg74 ,Ex 6f pg75 .

Word problems.
Example;
Share 36 pens among 9 pupils.
Exercise. 6g page 76-77.

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