Week 12
Power Control in Cellular System
Dr. Nasir Faruk
Department of Telecommunication Science
University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Power and Rate control
Radio channel conditions varying significantly due to:
o Different location
o Interference level (position and transmission activity)
o Multi-path fading
o UE speed
o ...
Goal: ensure sufficient received energy per information bit for all
communication links
Power control strategy (Rel.99): adjust transmitted power
while keeping the data rate constant
Rate control strategy (Rel 5): adjust the data rate while
keeping the transmitted power constant
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Near and Far Effects
This problem arises in the UPLINK
when all UEs uses the same transmit
power levels
If no mechanism for the UEs to be
power controlled to the same level at
the BTS, the UE that is closer to the
base station could easily overshoots
another UE at the cell border and
block a large part of the cell (near-
far problem)
The signals received by the BTS
serving different UEs should be the
same independently from their
location (pathloss condition)
To avoid this problem is to equalize
the received power per bit of all
mobile stations at all times
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Why Power Control in WCDMA?
Maintain the link quality in uplink and downlink by
adjusting the powers
Mitigate the near far effect by providing minimum
required power level for each connection
Power control provides protection against
shadowing and fast fading
Minimizes the interference in the network, thus
improves capacity and quality
The battery life of the MS can be extended
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Types of power control:
Three types of power control:
Open loop: used for initial power setting of the UE at
the beginning of the connection.
It is used for setting initial uplink and downlink transmission powers when
a UE is accessing the network.
Inner loop (fast closed loop): used in connected
mode (Rel 99) to ensure that the UE transmits just
enough to be received to avoid unnecessary interference
to other users. It compensates for fast fading
Outer loop: used in connected mode (Rel 99) to keep
the quality of communication at the required level
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Open loop Power Control
for initial power setting
is the ability of the UE transmitter to sets its output power to a specific
value.
It is used for setting initial uplink and downlink transmission
powers when a UE is accessing the network.
The open loop power control tolerance is ± 9 dB (normal conditions)
or ± 12 dB (extreme conditions)
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Inner loop power control (fast closed loop
power control)
in the uplink , the UE adjust its output power in accordance with one
or more Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands received in order to
keep the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) at a given SIR target.
The UE is capable of changing the output power with a step size of 1, 2
and 3 dB, in the slot immediately after the TPC_cmd can be derived.
The serving cells estimate SIR of the received uplink DPCH, generate
TPC commands (TPC_cmd) and transmit the commands once per slot
according to the following rule:
if SIRest> SIRtarget then the TPC command to transmit is "0",
While,
if SIRest < SIRtarget then the TPC command to transmit is "1".
Upon reception of one or more TPC commands in a slot, the UE
derives a single TPC command for each slot, combining multiple TPC
commands if more than one is received in a slot
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Transmitter power control range
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Outer loop power control
is used to maintain the quality of communication at the level of
bearer service quality requirement, while using as low power as
possible.
The uplink outer loop power control is responsible for setting a
target SIR in the Node B for each individual uplink inner loop
power control. This target SIR is updated for each UE according
to the estimated uplink quality (BLock Error Ration, Bit Error
Ratio) for each Radio Resource Control connection.
The downlink outer loop power control is the ability of the UE
receiver to converge to required link quality (BLER) set by the
network (RNC) in downlink.
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Power control vs data rate adaptation
Rel ’99 traffic Rel 5 traffic (HSDPA)
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Tutorial Questions
What is near and far effect?
Why is power control needed in cellular
system?
Discuss the three power control types used
in WCDMA system.
Using diagram only, illustrate Power control
and data rate adaptation process.
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