1. A line meets the coordinate axes in A and B. A circle is 6.

A straight line is drawn through the centre of circle x2 +

circumscribed about the triangle OAB. If the distances from y2 = 2ax parallel to the straight line x + 2y = 0 and
A and B of the tangent to the circle at the origin O be m and intersecting the circle at A and B. Then the area of AOB
n, then the diameter of the circle is is
(a) m (m + n) (b) m + n
a2 a2
(c) n (m + n) (d) m n
2 2 (a) (b)
5 7
2. The number of points (x, y) having integral coordinates
2 2
satisfying the condition x + y < 25 is a2 a2
(c) (d)
(a) 69 (b) 80 3 2
(c) 81 (d) 77 7. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords
3. The point on a circle nearest to the point P (2, 1) is at 4 unit intercepted by the line x + y = n, n
2
N on the circle x +
distance and the farthest point is (6, 5). Then the equation
of the circle is y 2 = 4 is
(a) 11 (b) 22
(a) (x – 6) (x – 2 – 1) + (y – 5) (y – 2 – 1) = 0
(c) 33 (d) None of these
(b) (x – 6) (x – 2 – 1) + (y – 5) (y – 2 )=0 2
y 2 = 1, x 2 y2 = 4
8. The area bounded by the circles x
(c) (x – 6) (x – 2 – 2 ) + (y – 5) (y – 1 – 2 )=0 2
and the pair of lines 3(x y 2 ) = 4xy, is equal to
(d) (x – 6) (x – 2 – 2 ) + (y – 5) (y – 2 – 2 )=0
5
4. (– 6, 0), (0, 6) and (– 7, 7) are the vertices of a ABC. The (a) (b)
2 2
incircle of the triangle has the equation
(a) x 2 + y 2 – 9 x – 9 y + 36 = 0 (c) 3 (d)
4
2 2 9. A circle whose centre coincides with the origin having
(b) x + y + 9 x – 9 y + 36 = 0
radius ‘a’ cuts the x-axis at A and B. If P and Q are two
x 2 + y 2 + 9 x + 9 y – 36 = 0 points on the circle whose parametric angles differ by
(c)
2 , then the locus of the intersection point of AP and
2 2 BQ, is
(d) x + y + 18 x – 18 y + 36 = 0
5. Let A (– 2, – 2) and B (2, – 2) be two points and AB (a) x2 y2 2ay tan a2
subtends an angle of 45° at any point P in the plane in such
(b) x2 y2 2ay cot a2
a way that area of APB is 8 square unit, then number of
possible position (s) of P is (c) x2 y2 2ay tan a2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) infinity (d) x2 y2 2ay tan a2
10. P and Q are two points on a line passing through (2, 4) and 15. The set of values of ‘c’ so that the equations y = | x | + c and
having slope m. If a line segment AB subtends a right
x 2 + y 2 – 8| x | – 9 = 0 have no solution is
angles at P and Q, where A (0, 0) and B (6, 0), then
range of values of m is (a) (– , – 3) (3, ) (b) (– 3, 3)

2–3 2 2 3 2 (c) (– , – 2 ) (5 2 , ) (d) (5 2 –4, )

(a) ,
4 4 16. The squared length of the intercept made by the line x = h
on the pair of tangents drawn from the origin to the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
2–3 2 2 3 2
(b) – , ,
4 4 4ch 2
(a) (g2 f2 c)
2 2
(g c)
(c) (– 4, 4)
(d) (– , – 4) (4, )
4ch 2
2 (b) (g2 f2 c)
11. If OA and OB are equal chords of the circle x + y 2 – 2 x (f2 c) 2
+ 4 y = 0 perpendicular to each other passing through the
origin, then equation of OA and OB are 4ch 2
(a) x + 3 y = 0 and y – 3 x = 0
(c) (g2 f2 c)
2 2 2
(g f )
(b) 3x + y = 0 or 3 y – x = 0
(c) 3 x + y = 0 and 3 x – y = 0 (d) None of these
(d) x + y = 0 or x – y = 0 17. The chord of contact of tangents from 3 points A, B, C to
12. If ( , ) is a point on the circle whose centre is on the x-axis
the circle x 2 y 2 = a 2 are concurrent then A, B, and C
and which touches the line x + y = 0 at (2, –2), then the
greatest value of is (a) form a right angled triangle
(b) are collinear
(a) 4 – 2 (b) 6
(c) form the vertices of an equilateral triangle
(c) 4 + 2 2 (d) 4 + 2 (d) lie on a circle passing through origin
18. The range of values of a such that the angle between
13. The number of such points (a + 1, 3 a), where a is any
integer, lying inside the region bounded by the circles x2 + the pair of tangents drawn from (a, 0) to the circle x 2 y2

y2 – 2x – 3 = 0 and x 2 y 2 – 2 x – 15 = 0, is
= 1 lies in the interval , , is
(a) 2 (b) 1 3
(c) 3 (d) 0
(a) (– 2, – 1) (1, 2)
14. Two points P and Q are taken on the line joining the points
A (0, 0) and B (3a, 0) such that AP = PQ = QB. Circle are (b) (– 2 , 0) (0, 2)
drawn on AP, PQ, and QB as diameters. The locus of the
point S, the sum of the squares of the tangents from which (c) (– 3,– 2)
to the three circles is equal to b2, is
(d) (– 3 ,– 2) ( 2 , 3)
(a) x 2 + y 2 – 3ax + 2a 2 – b2 = 0. 19. The least distance between two points P and Q on the

(b) 3 ( x
2
y 2 ) – 9ax + 8a 2 – b2 = 0 circles x 2 y 2 – 8x – 10y + 37 = 0 and x 2 y 2 + 16x + 55
= 0 is
(c) x 2 + y 2 – 5ax + 6a 2 – b2 = 0
(a) 5 units (b) 8 units
(d) x 2 + y 2 – ax – b2 = 0 (c) 5 5 units (d) None of these.
20. The difference between the radii of the largest and the 26. The equation of the radical axis to the system of coaxal
smallest circles which have their centres on the circles x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + c + 2 (ax – by + 1) = 0 is
circumference of the circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 4 = 0 and
pass through the point (a, b) lying outside the given circle, (a) ax – by + 1 = 0 (b) bx + ay – 1 = 0
is (c) 2(ax + by) + 1 = 0 (d) 2(bx – ay) + 1 = 0
27. The equation of the line of centres of the system given in
(a) 6 (b) (a 1)2 (b 2)2
previous problem is
(c) 3 (d) (a 1)2 (b 2)2 3 (a) ax – by + 1 = 0 (b) bx + ay + ab = 0

21. Circle are drawn to cut two circles x 2 y 2 + 6x + 5 = 0 and (c) bx + ay + 2ab = 0 (d) bx + ay + a2 b2 = 0
x 2 y 2 – 6y + 5 = 0 orthogonally. All such circles will 28. A circle of radius r passes through the origin O and cuts
pass through the fixed points. the axis at A and B. Then the locus of the foot of the
(a) (1, – 1) only (b) (2, – 2) and (0, 0) perpendicular from O to AB is
(c) (– 1, 1) and (– 2, 2) (d) (1, – 1) and (2, – 2)
2
2 (a) x2 y2 = r
22. If is the angle of intersection of two circle x + y 2 =

a 2 and ( x – c)2 + y 2 = b2 , then the length of common 2 1 1

chord of two circle is : (b) x2 y2 2 2
= 4 r2
x y
ab 2ab
(a) (b)
a 2 b2 – 2ab cos a 2 b2 – 2ab cos 1 1 4
(c) 2 2
= 2
2ab sin x y r
(c) (d) None of these.
a 2 b2 – 2ab cos (d) None of these
23. The locus of the centre of a circle touching the circle x2 + 29. If the point ([P + 1], [P]) (where [x] is the greatest interger
y2 – 4 y – 2 x = 2 3 – 1 internally and tangents on which less than or equal to x), lies inside the region bounded by
from (1, 2) is making a 60° angle with each other, is 2 2
the circle x 2 + y 2 – 2x – 15 = 0 and x + y – 2x – 7 = 0.
2 2
(a) x 1 + y 2 =3 Then
2 (a) P [– 1, 0) ( 0, 1) (1, 2)
(b) x 2 + y 1 2 =1+2 3
(b) P (0, 1)
2
(c) x + y 2 = 1
(c) P (– 1, 2)
(d) None of these.
24. The equation of the chord of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 passing (d) None of these
through the point (2, 3) farthest from the centre is 30. Tangents are drawn from O (origin) to touch the circle x2 +
(a) 2x + 3y = 13 (b) 3x – y = 3 y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at points P and Q. The equation of
(c) x – 2y + 4 = 0 (d) x – y + 1 = 0 the circle circumscribing triangle OPQ is
25. If one circle of a co-axal system is x2 + y2+ 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
and one limiting point is (a, b) then equation of the radical 2
(a) 2 x + 2 y 2 + gx + fy = 0
axis will be
(a) (g + a)x + (f + b) y + c – a 2 – b 2 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + gx + fy = 0
(b) 2(g + a)x + 2 (f + b) y + c – a 2 – b 2 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0
(c) 2gx + 2fy + c – a 2 – b 2 = 0
(d) None of these (d) None of these
 2
31. Tangents are drawn to the circle x + y 2 = 12 at the
(a) A L1 B = B L2 A =
2 2 2
points where it is met by the circle x + y – 5x + 3y – 2 =
0; the point of intersection of these tangents is
(b) A L1 B = , B L2 A =
2 4
18 18
(a) 6, (b) 6,
5 5
(c) A L1 B = and B L2 A =
3 6
18
(c) ,6 (d) None of these. (d) None of these
5
36. AB is a diameter of a circle of radius r. P is any point on the
32. If O is the origin and OP, OQ are the tangents from the
circle such that AP makes an angle 30° with AB. At A and P
2
origin to the circle x + y 2 – 6x + 4y + 8 = 0, the tangents are drawn to meet at a point C. A tangent to the
circumcenter of the triangle OPQ is circle is drawn in the portion AP parallel to chord AP. It
intersect AC and PC at R and S then length of RS is
3
(a) (3, – 2) (b) , 1
2 r r
(a) (b)
3 3
3 1 3
(c) , (d) ,1
4 2 2 2r 2r
(c) (d)
33. The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 – ax – ay – a2 ( 2 + 1) = 3 3
0. If two chords, each bisected by the x-axis can be drawn
to the circle from the point (a ( – 1), a ( + 1)), which lies 37. Let f ( x, y ) 0 be the equation of a circle. If f (0, y ) 0
on the circle then satisfies
1
(a) 2 – 4 – 12 > 0 (b) 2 – 4 – 12 < 0 has equal roots y 3,3 and f ( x, 0) has roots x 1, ,
2
(c) 2 – 12 – 4 > 0 (d) 2 – 12 – 4 < 0
then centre of the circle is ;
34. Consider a curve ax + 2hxy + by2 = 1 and a point P not on
2

the curve. A line drawn from the point P intersects the 3

curve at points Q and R. If the product PQ . PR is (a) , 3
4
independent of the slope of the line, then the curve is
(a) a pair of straight lines
3
(b) a circle (b) , 3
2
(c) a parabola
(d) an ellipse or a hyperbola
3
35. In the given figure C1 and C2 are two circles whose (c) ,3
4
equations are respectively
x2 + y2 + 2g1x + c = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2g2x + c = 0 (d) given data are inconsistent
L1 and L2 are limiting points and AB is common tangent, 38. P and Q are two fixed points, a point R such that
then
PR nQR(n 1). Then the common properties of locus
B R for different values of n is
P (a) locus of R is family of circles with diameter less than
A
PQ
(b) locus of R is a circle and for different values of n all the
L1 L2 circles have a fixed radical axis
C1 (c) both (a) and (b)
C2 (d) none of these
39. The circles having radii r1 and r2 intersect orhogonally. The 45. Let P be any moving points on the circle x2 + y2 – 2x = 1.
length of their common chord is. AB be the chord of contact of this point with respect to the
circle x2 + y2 – 2x = 0. The locus of the circumcentre of the
2r1r2 2r12 r22 triangle CAB, (C centre of the circles) is
(a) (b)
r12 r22 r12 r22 (a) 2 x2 2 y2 4 x 1 0 (b) x2 y2 4x 1 0
2
(c) x y 2 4 x 2 0 (d) 2 x 2 2 y 2 4 x 3 0
r1r2 2r22 r12
(c) (d) 46. From an arbitrary ‘P’ on the circle x2 + y2 = 9, tangents are
r12 r22 r12 r22 drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = 1, which meet x2 + y2 = 9 at A and
B. Locus of the point of intersection of tangent at A and B to
40. Two distinct chords of the circle x 2 y2 2x 4 y 0 the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is
drawn from the point P (a, b) on the circle get bisected by 27
2
27
2
the y – aixs, then. (a) x2 y2 (b) x2 y2
7 7
(a) (b 2)2 4a (b) (b 2) 2 4a
2
27
(c) 2 2 (d) 2 2 (c) y2 x2 (d) none of these
(b 2) 2a (b 2) 2a 7
41. If direction of two sides of a triangle are fixed and length of 47. If the equation of any two diagonals of a regular pentagon
third side is constant and is sliding between these sides, belongs to family of lines (1 2 ) x (2 )x 1 0
then locus of the orthocenter of the triangle is
and their lengths are sin 36°, locus of centre of circle
(a) circle (b) ellipse
circumscribing the given pentagon (the triangle formed by
(c) straight line (d) hyperbola each of two diagonals with two sides of pentagon have no
42. The value of for which the points ( +2) is an interior side common), is
point of the smaller segment of the circle x 2 y2 4 0 (a) x2 y2 2 x 2 y 1 sin 2 72 0
made by the chord whose equation is 3x 4 y 12 0 is
(b) x2 y2 2 x 2 y 1 cos 2 72 0
20
(a) , (b) (–2, 0) (c) x2 y2 2 x 2 y cos 2 72 0
7
(d) x2 y2 2 x 2 y sin 2 72 0
20
(c) , ( 2, 0) (d) None of these 48. The line 4 x 3 y 4 0 divides the circumference of the
7
circle centered at (5, 3), in the ratio 1 : 2 Then the equation of
43. If one of two circle x 2 y2 1(x y) c 0, and the circle is

x2 y2 (a) x2 y 2 10 x 6 y 66 0
2 (x y) c 0 , where 1, 2 R, 1 2
lies within the other then (b) x2 y 2 10 x 6 y 100 0
(a) c < 0 (b) c = 0
(c) c > 0 (d) c 0 (c) x2 y 2 10 x 6 y 66 0
44. A ray of light incident at the point (– 2, – 1) gets reflected (d) x
2
y 2 10 x 6 y –100 0
from the tangent at (0, –1)to the circle x 2 2
y 1. The 49. If p and q be the longest and the shortest distance
reflected ray touches the circle. The equation the line along respectively of the point (–7, 2) from any point ( ) on the
which the incident ray moved, is curve whose equation is x 2 y 2 10 x 14 y 51 0 then
(a) 4 x 3 y 11 0 (b) 4 x 3 y 11 0 G.M of p and q is
(c) 3x 4 y 11 0 (d) 4x 3y 7 0 (a) 2 11 (b) 5 5
(c) 13 (d) 11
 2. If a circle passes through the point (r1, 1) and touches the
PASSAGE-1
initial line at a distance c from the pole, then its polar

Suppose OX is a fixed line on which O is a fixed point. Suppose P r2 2cr cos c2

equation is , where =
is a point such that OP = r and anticlockwise angle XOP = , then r sin
we define (r, ) as polar coordinates of the pont P. O is called (a) r1 sin (b) r12 2cr1 cos c2
1
POLE and line OX is called INITIAL LINE.
r12 2cr1 cos 1 c 2 r12 2cr1 cos 1 c 2
P (c) (d)
r1 sin 1 r1 sin 1
r
3. O is a fixed point, P is any point on a given circle. OP is
joined and on it is taken a point Q such that
O X OP . OQ is a constant quantity k, then the locus of Q is a
circle, whose radius is (OC = c and radius of circle = a, C
being centre)
P (r, )
k 2a2 1 k2c
(a) (b)
a | c2 a2 | | c2 a2 |
C
ka kc
(c) 2 2 (d) 2
c c a c a2

O X
PASSAGE-2
Let the polar coordinates of the centre C of a circle be (c, ) and a
be the radius of the circle. Let P be any point (r, ) on the circle. A system of circles is said to be coaxal when every pair of the
Then in the triangle OPC, circles has the same radical axis. It follows from this definition that
1. The centres of all circles of a coaxal system lie on one
PC2 = OC2 + OP2 – 2OC . OP cos OPC
straight line, which is perpendicular to the common radical
i.e. a2 = c2 + r2 – 2c . r . cos ( – ) axis
The equation of the circle is therefore, 2. Circles passing through two fixed points form a coaxal
r2 – 2cr cos ( – ) + c2 – a2 = 0 system with line joining the points as common radical axis.
We can derive following corollaries - 3. The equation to a coaxal system of which two members are
S1 = 0 and S2 = 0 is S1 + S2 = 0, is parameter.
1. If the centre of the circle lies on the pole, then c = 0 and the
If we choose the line of centres as x-axis and the common radical
equation of the circle become r2 = a2 axis as y-axis, then the simplest form of equation of coaxal circles
2. If the circle passes through the pole, then c = a and the is
equation of the circle becomes r = 2a cos ( – )
x2 y2 2 gx c 0 ....(1)
where c is fixed and g is variable.
1. The equation of circle of diameter d which passes through
the pole and has its centre on the initial line is If g c , c > 0, then the radius g2 – c vanishes and the circles
(a) r = 2d cos (b) r = d cos become point circles. The points ( c , 0) are called the limiting
(c) r = d + d cos (d) r = d – d cos
points of the system of coaxal circles given by (1).
4. The coordinates of the limiting points of the coaxal system 8. The value of ‘a’ for which the four points A, B, C and D are
to which the circles x2 + y2 + 4x + 2y + 5 = 0 and x2 + y2 +
concyclic, is
2x + 4y + 7 = 0 belong are
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
(a) (0, –3), (0, 3) (b) (0, 3), (–2, –1)
9. The equation of circle passing through the points
(c) (–2, –1), (0, –3) (d) (2, 1), (–2, –1)
5. The equation to the circle which belongs to the coaxal A, B, C and D is
system of which the limiting points are (1, –1), (2, 0) and
which passes through the origin is (a) 5x2 5 y 2 8 x 16 y 36 0
(a) x2 + y2 – 4x = 0 (b) x2 + y2 + 4x = 0
2 2
(b) 5x2 5 y 2 8 x 16 y 36 0
(c) x + y – 4y = 0 (d) x2 + y2 + 4y = 0
6. If origin be a limiting point of a coaxal system one of whose (c) 5x2 5 y 2 – 8 x 16 y 36 0
member is x2 + y2 – 2 x – 2 y + c = 0, then the other limiting
point is (d) 5x2 5 y 2 8 x 16 y 36 0

c c c c
(a) , (b) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
PASSAGE-4

c c c
(c) , (d) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 To the circle x 2 y2 4 two tangents are drawn from P( 4,0) ,
which touch the circle at T1 and T2 and a rhombus PT1 P’T2 is
completed.
PASSAGE-3
10. Circum centre of the triangle PT1 T2 is at
(a) (– 2,1) (b) (2, 0)
The line x 2 y a 0 intersects the circle x 2 y2 4 0 at
3
(c) ,0 (d) none of these
two distinct points A and B. Another line 12 x 6 y 41 0 2

intersects the circle x 2 y2 4 x 2 y 1 0 at two distinct 11. Ratio of the area of the triangle PT1P to that of P T1 T2 , is
points C and D. (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 3:2 (d) none of these
7. The value for ‘a’ so that the line x 2 y a 0 intersect 12. If P is taken to be at (h, 0) such that P lies on the circle, the
area of the rhombus is
the circle x 2 y2 4 0 at two distinct points A and B is
(a) 3 3 (b) 2 3
(a) 2 5 a 2 5 (b) 0 a 2 5
(c) 5 3 (d) 4 3
(c) 5 a 5 (d) 0 a 2 5
1. Statement-1 : For n ( 3 ) circles the value of n for 6. A triangle PQR is incribed in the circle x2 + y2 = 25. If Q and
R have coordinates (3, 4) and (–4, 3) respectively and the
which the number of radical axes if equal circumcentre of triangle PQR lies outside the triangle
to the number of radical centre is 5
Statement-2 : If no two of n circle are concentric, No 3
Statements-1 : QPR
three of the centres are collinear then 4
number of possible radical centres is
nC Statements-2 : QOR , where O is the origin
3 4
2. Statement-1 : The circle x2 y2 2ax c 0, 7. Two circle of radii a and b touch each other externally and

are inscribed in the area bounded by y 1 x 2 and the

x2 y2 2by c 0 touch if
x-axis
1 1 1
1 1
a2 b2 c Statements-1 : If b then a
2 2
Statement-2 : Two circles with centre C1 , C2 and radii Statements-2 : Distance between the centre of two
circles = a + b
r1 , r2 touch each other if r1 r2 C1C2 8. A variable circle is drawn to pass through (1, 0) and to touch
3. Statement-1 : Number of circles passing through (1, the line x + y = 0
4), (2, 3), (– 1, 6) is one Statement-1 : Locus of the centre of the circle is a
parabola
Statement-2 : Through 3 non collinear points in a
Statements-2 : A circle and parabola can intersect at
plane only one circle can be drawn
maximum four points.
4. Statement-1 : The common tangents of the circles x2 + 9. Inside a large circle, exactly 24 small circles, each of radius 2
y2 + 2x = 0, x2 + y2 – 6x = 0 form an has been drawn in such a way that each small circle touches
equilateral triangle. the large circle and also touches both its adjacent small
Statement-2 : The given circles touch each other circles
externally. Statements-1 : The radius of the large circle is
5. Let A, B, C be three points on a straight line, B lying between
A and C. Consider all circles passing through B and C 1 cosec
24
Statements-1 : The point of contact of the tangents
from A to these circles lie on another Statements-2 : Each circle subtends angle at the
circle 12
Statements-2 : AB. AC = constant centre of the large circle.

1. If the line 3x – 4y – k = 0 touches the circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y

9 12 9 12
– 5 = 0 at (a, b), then k + a + b can be equal to (a) , (b) ,
(a) 20 (b) 22 5 5 5 5
(c) – 30 (d) –28
2. If the circle C1 : x2 + y2 = 16 intersects another circle C2 of 9 12 9 12
(c) , (d) ,
radius 5 in such a manner that the common chord is of 5 5 5 5
maximum length and has a slope equal to 3/4, the
coordinates of the centre of C2 can be
3. If is the angle subtended by the circle S x2 + y2 + 2gx
+ 2fy = c at the point P(x1, y1) and S1 x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + k k
(a) ,
2 2 2
2fy1 + c, then a a b b a b2

2 S1
(a) cot = k k
2 (b) ,
g f2 –c 2 2 2
a a b b a b2

S1
(b) cot = k k
2 g 2
f2 –c (c) ,
2 2 2
a a b b a b2

g2 f2 –c
(c) = 2 tan –1 (d)
k k
S1 ,
2 2 2
a a b b a b2

S c – g2 – f 2 8. The value of in [0, 2 ] so that x 2 y2 2 sin x

(d) cos = 1
S1 – c g 2 f 2
(cos 1) 0 having intercept on x-axis always greater
4. The range of values of ‘a’ such that the angle between than 2 is/are
the pair of tangents drawn from (a, 0) to the circle x2 + y2 =
(a) , (b) ,
1 satisfies < < , lies in 4 2 4
2
5
(a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 2) (c) , (d) [0, ]
4 4
(c) (– 2 , – 1) (d) (– 2 , –1) (1, 2 )
9. If , , , be four angles of a cyclic quadrilateral taken in
5. An isosceles triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle x2 + y2 =
a2 with the vertex A at (a, 0) and the base angle B and C clock wise direction then the value of (2 cos cos )
each equal to 75°, then coordinates of an end point of the
will be
base are
(a) sin 2 sin 2 (b) cos 2 cos 2
3a a 3a a
(a) , (b) ,
2 2 2 2 (c) sin 2 sin 2 (d) cos 2 cos 2

10. A and B are two points in xy–plane, which are 2 2 unit

a 3a 3a a
(c) , (d) , distance apart and subtend an angle of 90 at the point C
2 2 2 2
(1, 2) on the line x – y + 1= 0 which is larger than any angle
6. If PQR is the triangle formed by the common tangents to subtended by the line segment AB at any other point on the
the circles x2 + y2 + 6x = 0 and x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 then line. The equation(s) of the circle through the point A, B and
(a) centroid of PQR is (1, 0) C is/are.
(b) incentre of the PQR is (1, 0)
(a) x2 y2 4x 1 0
(c) circumcenter of the PQR is (1, 0)
(d) orthocenter of the PQR is (2, 0) (b) x2 y2 6y 7 0
7. If abc = k, then the line ax + by = 0 intersects the circle
x 2 + y 2 + ax + by – c 2 = 0 at a point whose coordinates (c) x2 y2 4x 2 y 3 0

are (d) x2 y2 2x 4 y 1 0
 248 IIT-JEE M ATHEMATICS Challenger

11. Two distinct points P and Q on a variable line y mx 2m, (a) h h 0 (b) h h 0
where m R are chosen such that the line segment joining
the point (2, 0) and (0 , 2) subtends right angles at each of P (c) (d)
4 6
and Q. The values of m lie in the interval(s)
14. The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at the
1
(a) (0 , 1) (b) ,1 extremities of a chord of the circle x 2 y2 b2 which
7
touches the circle x 2 y2 2by 0 passes through the
1 point
(c) ,0 (d) (1, )
7
b
(a) 0, (b) ( 0, b )
12. Let S1 be a circle passing through (2, 0 ) and (0, 2) and 2

having the smallest possible area. S2 is the circle touching b

(c) ( b , 0 ) (d) ,0
S1 externally and passing through origin. S3 is a circle that
2
15. The tangents drawn from the origin to the circle
touches S1 and S2 both externally. If the area of each of
x2 y2 2 gx 2 fy f2 0 are perpendicular if
S1 , S2 and S3 is same, then
(a) g = f (b) g = – f
2 2 (c) g = 2f (d) 2g = f
(a) equation of S2 is x y 2x 2 y 0

(b) equation of the smallest circle containing S1 and S3 is 16. Tangents are drawn to the circle x 2 y2 50 from a point
‘P’ lying on the x–axis. These tangents meet the y-axis at
x2 y2 8
point ' P1 ' and ' P2 ' Possible coordinates of ‘P’ so that area
(c) coordinates of the centre of S3 are (2, –2) or (–2, 2) of triangle PP1 P2 is minimum, are

(d) the circle intersecting S1 , S2 and S3 orthogonally has (a) ( 10 , 0 ) (b) (10 2, 0)

2 (c) (–10, 0 ) (d) ( 10 2, 0)

radius
3
17. If (a , 0) is a point on a diameter of circle x 2 y2 4, then
13. If the conics whose equations are
x2 4x a2 0
2 2 2 2
S1 : (sin )x (2h tan ) xy (cos )y (a) exactly one real root in (– 1,0]
32 x 16 y 19 0 (b) exactly one real root in [2, 5]
(c) distinct roots greater then – 1
2 2 2 2
S2 : (cos ) x – (2h cot ) xy (sin )y (d) distinct root less than 5
18. One diagonal of a square is the portion of x-axis intercepted
16 x 32 y 19 0
by the circle x 2 y2 4 x 6 y 12 0. The eternity of the

intersect in four concyclic point, where other diagonal is

0, , then
2 (a) ( 2, 4 ) (b) (2, – 4)
the correct statement(s) can be (c) (– 2, – 4) (d) (–2, 4)
1. Match the following column :
Column-I Column-II
(A) If one of the diameters of the circle x2 + y2– 2x – 6y + 6 = 0 is a chord to p. 2 3
the circle with centre at (2,1) then the radius of the circle is equal to
(B) If the straight line y = mx touches or lies outside the circle q. 2 3
x2 + y2 – 20y + 90 = 0, then |m| can be equal to
(C) AB is a chord of the circle x2 + y2 = 25 and the tangents at A and B r. 2
intersect at C. If 2, 2 3 be the mid-point of AB, then the area of the
quadrilateral OACB is equal to (O being origin)
(D) A circle C of radius unity touches both the coordinate axes and lies s. 3
75
in the first quadrant. If the circle C1 which also touches both t.
4
the axis and lies in the first quadrant, intersects C orthogonally
then the radius of C1 can be equal to
2. Match the following column :
Column-I Column-II
(A) The straight lines y = a1x + b and y = a2x + 2b meet the p. a1a2 > 0
coordinate axes in concylic points if
(B) If the circles x2 + y2 + 2a1x + b = 0 and x2 + y2 + 2a2x + b = 0 q. b2 = |a1a2|
touch each other then
(C) If in (B) the first circle lies completely inside the second circle then r. b>0
(D) If the chord of contact of the tangents drawn to x2 + y2 = b2 from any s. b=0
point on x2 + y2 = a22 touches the circle x2+y2=a21, then t. b<0
(In all of the cases a1 a2) u. a1a2 = 1

3. Column -I Column -II

1 2
(A) If a circle passes through A (1, 0) B (0, –1) and C , such p. –4
3 3
that the tangent at B makes an angle with line AB then tan equals
(b) From a point (h, 0) common tangents are drawn to the circles q. –2
x2 + y2 = 1 and the (x – 2)2 + y2 = 4. The value of h can be
(c) If the common chord of the circle x2 + y2 = 8 and (x – a)2 + y2 = 8 r. 1
subtends right angle at the origin then a can be
(d) If the tangents drawn from (4, k) to the circle x2 + y2 = 10 s. 2
are at right angles then k can be t. 4
1. A circle of unit radius touches positive x-axis and positive 5. If the ratio of the area of equilateral triangles made of the
y-axis at A and B respectively. A variable line passing common chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 = 4 and
through origin intersects the circle in two points D and E. x2 + y2 – 8x + 4 = 0 and their respective pairs of tangents
If the slope of the line is m and the area of triangle DEB is
drawn from points on the positive x- axis is 57 24 3 : k
1 then k is ________
maximum then is equal to :
m2 6. The number of points on y tan 1
x x (0, ) whose
2. The number of integral values of a for which the point
(a – 1, a + 1) lies in the larger segment of the circle x2 + y2 image in y x is the centre of the circle with radius
– x – y – 6 = 0 cut by the chord whose equation is x + y – 2 2 2
= 0 is equal to
3. If the circle passing through the distinct points (1, t), (t, 1) units, and which is at a minimum distance of units
and (t, t) for all values of t R also passes through fixed 2 2
point (a, b) then a2 + b2 is equal to from the circle, is
4. Two curves ax2 + 2hxy + by2 – 2gx – 2fy + c = 0 and a'x2 –
7. P(a, b) is a points in the first quadrant. Circles are drawn
2hxy + (a' + a – b) y2 – 2g'x – 2f'y + c = 0 intersect in four
concyclic points A, B, C and D. If P be the point through P touching the coordinate axes, such that the length
of common chord of these circle is maximum. If possible
g g' f f ' PA2 PB 2 PC 2 values of a/b is k1 then k1 k2 is equal to______
, then is equal to
a a' a a' PD 2 PD2 PD2
 1 (b) 10 (b) 19 (b) 28 (b) 37 (d) 46 (a)
2 (a) 11 (a) 20 (a) 29 (d) 38 (b) 47 (a)
3 (c) 12 (c) 21 (c) 30 (b) 39 (a) 48 (a)
4 (b) 13 (d) 22 (c) 31 (a) 40 (b) 49 (a)
5 (c) 14 (b) 23 (d) 32 (b) 41 (a)
6 (a) 15 (d) 24 (a) 33 (c) 42 (d)
7 (b) 16 (b) 25 (b) 34 (b) 43 (c)
8 (d) 17 (b) 26 (a) 35 (a) 44 (b)
9 (c) 18 (a) 27 (c) 36 (c) 45 (a)

1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7 (a) 9 (c) 11 (d)

2 (c) 4 (c) 6 (b) 8 (d) 10 (a) 12 (a)

1 (a) 4 (b) 7 (d)

2 (a) 5 (a) 8 (b)
3 (d) 6 (c) 9 (d)

1 (a,d) 4 (b,c,d) 7 (a) 10 (b, c) 13 (b, c) 16 (a, c)

2 (b,c) 5 (b,d) 8 (a, b) 11 (a,b,c) 14 (a, c) 17 (a, b, c, d)
3 (b,c,d) 6 (a,b,c) 9 (a, c) 12 (a,d) 15 (a, b) 18 (a, b)

1. A - s; B - p, r, s; C - t; D - p, q 2. A - q, r, t, u; B - s; C - p, r; D - q
3. A - r; B - q; C - p, t; D - q, s

1 3 3 2 5 9 7 6
2 1 4 3 6 1
1. (b) Let the coordinates of A be (a, 0) and of B be (0, b) then B (6, 5)
AOB being a right angled triangle the centre of the
a b A(h, k)
circumscribed circle is mid-point , of ABand
2 2 PA : PB 1 : ( 2 1)
P (2, 1)
a2 b2
radius is OC = .f Thus, AB = PB – PA = 4 ( 2 – 1)
4 4
2 2 AB 2 1
Equation of the circle is x + y – ax – by = 0 Thus, =
AP 1
Y
B (0, b) 6 2( 2 1) 2 2 4
Hence, h = = =2+2 2
B 1 ( 2 1) 2
n a b
C , 5 ( 2 1) 2 4
2 2 and k = = =1+2 2
M 1 ( 2 1) 2

X The required circle has AB as its diameter.

O A (a, 0)
m Hence, its equation is (x – 6) (x – 2 – 2 2 ) + (y – 5) (y
L
–1–2 2 )=0
4. (b) The triangle is evidently isosceles and therefore the
Equation of the tangent at the origin is
median through C is the angle bisector of C.
ax + by = 0 ....... (i)
The equation of the angle bisector can be taken as y =
Let AL and BM be the perpendicular from A and B on (i)
– x and I = (– a, a) where a is positive.
Equation of AC is y – 0 = – 7 (x + 6) or 7x + y + 42 = 0 and
a2
Then AL = =m equation of AB is x – y + 6 = 0.
a2 b2 The length of the perpendicular from I to AB and AC
are equal.
b2 7 a a 42 a a 6
and BM = =n = giving the positive
2 2
a b 50 2

9
m + n = a 2 b 2 = diameter of the circle. value a =
2
2. (a) Since x2 + y2 < 25 and x and y are integers, the possible
values of x and y (0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Thus x and 9 9 3
Centre is , and radius =
y can be chosen in 9 ways each and (x, y) can be 2 2 2
chosen in 9 × 9 = 81 ways. However we have to exclude
cases ( 3, 4), ( 4, 3) and ( 4, 4) (i.e.) 3 × 4 = Y
12 cases.
(–7, 7)
Hence the number of permissible values = 81 – 12 = 69. C
(0, 6)
3. (c) Let A (h, k) be the nearest point lying on the circle.
I B
We have PB = ( 6 2) 2 (5 1) 2 4 2 and PA
A=4
(given)
X
A (– 6, 0) O
 the equation of the circle is a
a
2 2 = | x1 – x1 | = ( x1 x2 )2 4 x1 x2
9 9 9 4 4
x + y =
2 2 2
a 4a 2
x2 + y2 + 9 x – 9 y + 36 = 0. = 4a 2 [from equaton (i)]
4 5
NOTE : We can apply the formula for the coordinates
of incentre as well.
a2
5. (c) AB = 4 and area of APB = 8 =
P1 P2
5

45° ALTERNATE METHOD

AB = diameter of the circle = 2a

A B a
length of perpendicular from O upon the line =
5

1 a a2
Area of OAB 2a
P3
2 5 5
P4
2
1 7. (b) AB 2 = 4A M (See figure)
×4×h=8 h = 4, h, the height of APB
2
B
From figure it is clear that P lies on circle of
radius 2 2 unit with AB as its chord M
(0, 0)
so there are four possible position of P.
A
6. (a) We have, C (a, 0), r = a O 2
x y n
Equation of line through C parallel to x + 2y = 0 is x + 2y
–a=0
The abscissa of the intersection points of the above
line and the given circle is given by the equation n2
4 4 = 2 (8 – n2), n N n = 1 or 2
2 2
a x a x
x2 + – 2ax = 0 putting y
2 2 Hence required sum = 2 (8 – 12 + 8 – 22) = 2 × 11 = 22.
8. (d) The angle between the lines represented by

B 3x 2 – 4xy + 3y 2 = 0 is given by

C(a, 0)
O
2 22 3 1
= /6
A
3 3 3 O 1
2
Gives =
2 6
i.e. 4x2 + ( x a) 8ax 0 i.e. 5x2 – 10ax + a2 = 0
Let A ( x1, y1 ) and B ( x2 , y2 ), then
Hence, the shaded area = 6 (22 12 ) .
x1 y1 1 2 4
1
area of OAB = modulus of x2 y2 1 9. (c) Let P (a cos , a sin ) and Q (a cos , a sin ),
2
0 0 1 where – =2
Also, A (a, 0) and B (– a, 0)
1 1 a x2 a x1
= xy x2 y1 = x x2 If R (h, k) be the intersection point of AP and BQ, then
2 1 2 2 1 2 2
slope of AR = slope of AP [ R lies on AP]
 11. (a) Y
k sin a h
i.e. = i.e. tan = ..... (i) O
h a cos 1 2 h X
B
and slope of BR = slope of BQ [ R lies on BQ]
C
k sin k
i.e. = i.e. tan = .... (ii)
h a cos 1 2 h a A

Since, – = 2 , we have – =
2 2 Slope of line joining the centre of circle (1, –2) with
origin = – 2
Desired chords are inclined at 45° with this line, so the
tan – tan slope of these chords are given by
i.e. 2 2
tan
2 tan 45 2 tan 45 1
1 tan tan and i.e., ,3
2 2 1 ( 2) tan 45 1 ( 2) tan 45 3

Hence the equation of the chords are y 3x and

a hk x 3y 0
–
i.e. h a k tan
k a h 12. (c) If (a, 0) is the centre C and P is (2, – 2), then COP =
1 45°.
h a k
Since the equation of OP is x + y = 0.
i.e. h2 + k2 – 2ak tan = a2 OP = 2 2 = CP. Hence OC = 4
Hence, the locus of R is x2 + y2 – 2ay tan = a2. Y
10. (b) Since AB subtends right angle at P and Q on variable
line. So, AB is a diameter of circle whose chord is
variable line. Equation of circle is C
X
O A B
x (x – 6) + y × y = 0 or x2 + y2 – 6x = 0 .... (i)
P

Q
(2
,–2

P
)

A B The point on the circle with the greatest x coordinate is

B.
= OB = OC + CB = 4 + 2 2 .

13. (d) The given circles are ( x 1)2 y2 4 and

Equation of line through (2, 4) is y – 4 = m (x – 2)
or y = mx + (4 – 2m) .... (ii) ( x 1) 2 y2 16

The points (a + 1, 3 a) lie on the line

3m (4 – 2m)
Line (ii) is a chord if 3
1 m2 x = a + 1, y = 3 a

i.e. y = 3 (x – 1 ) [eliminating a]
4 m
3
1 m2 B
A CA= 2
60° CB= 4
16 + 8m + m 2 < 9 + 9m 2 8m 2 – 8m – 7 > 0
O C(1, 0)

2–3 2 2 3 2
m – , , .
4 4
 whose slope = 3 , hence makes angle 60° with the + y = x + (5 2 – 4)
ve direction of the x-axis.
For no solution c > 5 2 – 4
Hence, we have
c (5 2 – 4, ).
A (1 + 2 cos 60°, 2 sin 60°) (2, 3 )
ALTERNATE METHOD
and B (1 + 4 cos 60°, 4 sin 60°) (3, 2 3 )
Hence, there is no point on the line segment AB whose The graphs of circles x 2 y2 8 | x | 9 0
abscissa is an integer since absicssa of A is 2 and that
of B is 3. x2 y 2 8x 9 0 if x 0
14. (b) Since AP = PQ = QB. The coordinates of P are (a, 0)
and of Q are (2a, 0). The centres of circles on AP, PQ x2 y 2 8x 9 0 if x 0

a and the line y | x | c for the extreme conditions are

and QB as diameters are respectively C1 ,0 ,
2 shown :

3a 5a Y
C2 ,0 and C3 , 0 and the radius of each
2 2

a
one of them is .
2

(–4, 0) (4, 0) X

A C1 P C2 Q C3 B
(0, 0) E(a , 0) (2a, 0) (3a, 0)

Hence the equation of the circles with centres C1 , C 2 Let x 0 then the equation of the circle is
and C3 are respectively.. x2 y 2 8x 9 0
2 2 For the desired condition the line y x c should
a a2 3a a2
x– + y2 = ; x– + y2 = neither touch nor intersect the circle, so
2 4 2 4
|4 c|
2 2 16 9
5a 2 a 2
and x – + y =
2 4
4 c 5 2 or 4 c 5 2
So that if S (h, k) be any point on the locus, then
c 4 5 2 or c 4 5 2
2 2 2
a 3a 5a a2 16. (b) Equation of pair of tangents from (0, 0) is
h– + h– + h– + 3 k2 –
2 2 2 4
SS’ = T 2 (x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c)c
= b2 3 (h 2 k 2 ) – 9ah + 8a 2 = b2 = ( gx fy c)2 ......(i)
So the locus of the S (h, k ) is The intersection points of the above pair with x = h is
given by
3( x 2 y 2 ) – 9ax + 8a 2 – b2 = 0.
2
( gh fy c)2 = (h 2 y2 2gh 2fy c) c
15. (d) Since y = | x | + c and x + y 2 – 8 | x | – 9 = 0 both are
symmetrical about y-axis we consider the case x > 0, Y
2
when the equations become y = x + c and x + y 2 – 8x B (h,y 2 )
–9=0

Equation of tangent to circle x 2 + y 2 – 8x – 9 = 0 , y 1)

A (h X
O (0, 0)
parallel to y = x + c is y = (x – 4) + 5 1 1 x h
 (f 2
2 2
c) y 2 + 2fghy + h ( g c) = 0 (– 8, 0 ). Their radius are respectively r1 = 2 and r2 = 3
Since, the points P and Q lie on the circles, hence PQ
If its roots are y1 and y2 , then will be least when C, P, Q, D are collinear.
2 2
AB 2 = y1 y2 = y1 y2 – 4 y1 y2

2 C P Q D
2 fgh h2 ( g 2 c)
= – 4
f2 c f2 c
least value of PQ = CD – ( r1 + r2 )
4ch 2
= (g2 f2 c)
(f2 c) 2 = (12) 2 (5) 2 – (2 + 3) = 8

17. (b) Let the coordinates of A, B, C be ( x1 , y1 ) , ( x2 , y2 ) 20. (a) The given circle is ( x 1) 2 + ( y 2) 2 = 9 has
and ( x3 , y3 ) . The chords of contact are xx1 + yy1 = radius = 3
The points on the circle which are nearest and farthest
a 2 , xx2 + yy2 = a 2 and xx3 + yy3 = a 2 respectively.. to the point P (a, b) are Q and R respectively (see fig.)
These will be concurrent if
P (a, b)
x1 y1 a2 Q

x2 y2 a2 = 0
2
x3 y3 a Centre

x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
R
2 x2 y2 1 = 0
a x2 y2 1 = 0
x3 y3 1 x3 y3 1 Thus, the circle centred at Q having radius PQ will be
the smallest required circle while the circle centred at Q
Which is the condition for collineanity of A, B, C. having radius PR will be the largest required circle.
Hence, difference between their radii = PR – PQ
18. (a) We have < < = QR = 6.
3
21. (c) The radical axis of the given circles is x + y = 0. Let P
M ( , – ) be any point on the above radical axis.
The length of the tangent drawn from P to any of the
1
given circles is = 2 2
6 5
/2
Aa P(a, 0) A circle having centre at P and radius equal to will be
orthogonal to both the given circles. Equation of such
a circle, is ( x )2 + ( y )2 = 2

2 2
1 = 6 5
i.e. < < i.e. < sin <1
6 2 2 2 2 i.e. x2 y2 + 2 2
–2 x+2 y=2 2
+6 +5

1 1 1 i.e. ( x 2 y 2 – 5) – 2 (x – y + 3) = 0
i.e. < <1 sin ( see fig.)
2 a 2 a which represents a family of circles passing through
i.e. 1 < a < 2 the intersection points of
There can be symmetrical points on the – ve x-axis too. x2 y2 – 5 = 0 ...(i)
Hence, we have a (– 2, – 1) (1, 2).
and x – y + 3 = 0 ...(ii)
19. (b) Centre of the circle x 2 y 2 – 8x – 10y + 37 = 0 is C (4, Eliminating y we get
x = – 1, – 2 and the corresponding y = 1, 2
5). The centre of the circle x 2 y 2 + 16x + 55 = 0 is D
Hence, the required points are (– 1, 1) and (– 2, 2).
 2 2
22. (c) We have the two circles x + y 2 = a , r
Now, = sin 30°
AB
( x – c)2 + y 2 = b2 radius of first circle = a
1
r = AB sin 30° = (R – r) ( AB = R – r)
Let OPM = , CPM = , 2
OPC = + = 3r = R
R
R (h 1)2 (k 2)2
P 3
a b 2R 2
(h 1)2 (k 2) 2 ( 3 1)
O M C
3 3
( R 3 1)
Q
2 8 2
Locus is x 1 (2
+ y 23) =
Let PQ = d; radius of second circle = b 9
24. (a) Let P (2, 3) be given point, M be the middle point of a
PM d d
cos = = , cos = 2
a 2a 2b chord of the circle x + y 2 = a 2 through P. Then the
Now cos = cos ( + ) distance of the centre O of the circle from the chord is
OM.
= cos cos – sin sin
and (OM ) 2 = (OP)2 – ( PM )2
sin sin = cos cos – cos
Squaring both sides, we get
O
sin 2 sin 2
2 2
= cos cos 2 + cos – 2 cos cos cos P
(2, 3) M
1 – cos 2 – cos 2 + cos 2 cos 2
Which is maximum when PM is minimum,
2
= cos cos 2 + cos
2
– 2 cos cos cos i.e. P coincides with M,
i.e., the middle point of the chord.
sin 2 = cos 2 + cos 2 – 2 cos cos cos Hence the equation of the chord is T = S’,

d2 2d 2 d2 i.e. 2x + 3y – a 2 = ( 2) 2 + (3) 2 – a 2 2x + 3y = 13.

2
sin = + – .cos
4a 2 4b 2 4ab 25. (b) Given circle S1 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ......(i)
4a 2 b2 sin 2 = d 2 ( b2 + a 2 – 2ab cos ) Equation of the second circle is

2ab sin ( x – a) 2 + ( y – b)2 = 0

d=
a 2 b2 – 2ab cos S2 x 2 + y 2 – 2ax – 2by + a 2 + b 2 = 0 ...(ii)
23. (d) Let r and R be radius of required and given circle From (i) and (ii), equation radical axis is S1 – S2 = 0
respectively and let centre is (h, k).
2 (g + a )x + 2 (f + b)y + c – a 2 – b2 = 0
2 2
By given condition, (h 1) (k 2) =R–r 26. (a) For any value of , the given equation represents circles
passing through points of intersection of the circle
x 2 y 2 2ax 2by c 0 and the line ax – by + 1 =
A 0. So, ax – by + 1 = 0 is the common chord for each
r circle of the sytem, hence it is the radical axis.
C B (1, 2) 27. (c) The line of centres will be perpendicular to radical axis,
30° so its equation is bx + ay + k = 0
It must pass through the centre (–a, –b) of the member
of the system, so, k = 2ab
Hence the desired equation is bx + ay + 2ab = 0
28. (b) Let us choose the coordinates of A and B as (a, 0) and 2 2
(0, b) respectively. From the figure we can see that the 2 [ P ] – 16 < 0, [ P ] < 8 ....(i)
circle passing through O, A and B will have AB as its From the second circle
diameter.
([ P] 1) 2 + [ P ]2 – 2 ([P] + 1) – 7 > 0
Since the radius of this circle is given to be r, therefore
we have 2 2
2 [ P ] – 8 > 0, [ P ] > 4 .... (ii)
a2 b 2 = 4r 2 ....(i) 2
From (i) & (ii), 4 < [ P ] < 8, which is not possible
x y
Equation of AB is + =1 ....(ii) for no values of ‘P’ the point will be within the region.
a b 30. (b) Equation of the given circle is
Let P (h, k) be the point whose locus is to be found
(see fig.) x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0......(i)
Y
Y

B Vvariable circle P given circle

of constant
radius r R
P
D diameter
Q

O A X

O circumecircle X
Since P lies on AB, therefore we have of OPQ
h k Equation of the chord of contact PQ,
+ =1 ... (iii)
a b drawn from the origin (0, 0) to the given circle will be
Also, since OP is perpendicular to AB, therefore we gx + fy + c = 0 .....(ii)
have Eq. of any circle passing through the intersection points
slope of OP × slope of AB = – 1 of the given circle and the chord PQ can be written as
2 2
k b ( x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c ) + (gx + fy + c) = 0 .....(iii)
i.e. × =–1
h a If this circle passes through the origin, then we have,
c + c = 0 gives = – 1
k h h2 k2 h2 k 2
i.e. = = = Putting the above value of in equation (iii) gives the
a b a2 b2 2r
equation of the required circle as

k h x2 y 2 + gx + fy = 0
i.e. a= and b =
h2 k2 h2 k2
ALTERNATE METHOD
Putting these values in equation (iii) will eliminate the
variables a and b, and then putting (x, y) in place of OPR 90 OQR the circle through O,P and
(h, k) gives the equation of the required locus as Q must has OR as diameter, where R is the centre of the
2 1 1 given circle ( g , f ) .Thus the equation of the
x2 y2 = 4r 2
2 2
x y circumcircle of OPQ is
29. (d) Since the ([P + 1], [P] ) lies inside the circle ( x 0)( x g ) ( y 0)( y f) 0
x 2 + y 2 – 2x – 15 = 0 x y2 gx fy 0
[ P 1]2 + [ P]2 – 2([P + 1]) – 15 < 0 31. (a) The circles are given as x2
+ y2 = 12 ......(i)
and x2 + y2– 5x + 3y – 2 = 0 . ......(ii)
([ P] 1) 2 + [ P]2 – 2([ P] 1) – 15 < 0 If A and B are the points of intersection of (i) and (ii),
[ [x + n] = [x] + n, n I] clearly AB will be the common chord whose equation
will be
[ P ]2 + 1 + 2[P] + [ P ]2 – 2[P] – 2 – 15 < 0, (x2 + y2 – 12) – (x2 + y2 – 5x + 3y – 2) = 0
 or 5x – 3y – 10 = 0 ....(iii)
a( 1)
If P be the point where the tangents at A and B with M a( 1) ,0
respect to (i), meet each other, AB will be the chord of m
contact of P. Let the coordinates of P be ( , ). According to the given condition M is the mid point of
the chord PQ, then we have
Equation of the chord of contact of ( , ) with respect
slope of PQ × slope of CM = – 1[ PQ CM]
to (i) is x +y – 12 = 0 ....(iv)
As (iii) and (iv) represent the same equation, comparing a
the coefficients, we get 2
i.e. m × = –1
a( 1)
12 a 1
= = , which, we get = 6 and 2 m
5 3 10
2
18 18 i.e. m – ( – 2) m + 2 ( + 1) = 0 ....(iii)
= . Hence the required point is 6,
5 5 Therefore, for two real and distinct chords, we have
32. (b) We note that PQ is the chord of contact of the tangents ( 2) 2 – 8( + 1) > 0
from the origin to the circle
x2 + y2– 6x + 4y + 8 = 0 .... (i) [discriminant of equation (iii) > 0 ]
Equation of PQ is 3x – 2y – 8 = 0 .... (ii) i.e. 2 – 12 –4>0
Equation of a circle passing through the intersection
ALTERNATE METHOD
of (i) and (ii) is
Let the chord is bisected at (h, 0) then the equation of
x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y + 8 + (3x – 2y – 8 ) = 0. .... (iii)
the chord, using T = S’ is
If this represents the circumcircle of the triangle OAB,
it passes through O (0, 0) so from (iii), = 1, then a a
hx ( x h) y a2 ( 2
1)
equation (iii) becomes x2 + y2 – 3x + 2y = 0. So that the 2 2

3
, 1 . h2 ah a 2 ( 2
1)
required coordinates of the centre are
2
It passes through (a( 1), a ( 1))
ALTERNATE METHOD
As solved in Q.N 30 (alternative solution), the a a2
circumcentre of OPQ is the mid point of O and the ha( 1) (a( 1) h) ( 1)
2 2
centre of the circle. That is the mid point of (0, 0) and (3,
h2 ah
3
–2) thus , 1
2 3 a2 a2
h2 1 ah ( 1) ( 1) 0
33. (c) The given circle x2 + y2 – ax – ay – a 2 ( 2 1) = 0...(i) 2 2 2

a a h R
has centre at C ,
2 2 2
3
1 a 2 [2 ( 1) 2( 1)]a 2 0
2

9 2 2
C 3 1 2 2 0
4
2
P 12 4 0
M X 34. (b) Let us choose the fixed point P as the origin. Let us
Q now choose any line through P making an angle with
+ ve direction of the X -axis (see fig.).
Equation of any line through the given point
Any point on this line can be chosen as (r cos , rsin )
P (a ( – 1), a ( + 1)) can be written as
where r is the distance measured from P.
y – a ( + 1) = m[x – a ( – 1)] ....(ii) If this point must also lie on the given curve, then we
The above line intersects the x-axis at the point have
 variable line P L1 = (0 c )2 ( K – 0) 2 = (k 2 c)
through P
R
PA
A = PB = PL1 A L1 B = 90°,

given curve
Similarly BL2A = 90°
Q
36. (c)
fixed point P X C

r 2 (a cos 2 h sin 2 b sin 2 ) – 1 = 0 ......(i) S

60°
For any given , therefore there will be two values of P
60° T 60°
r. R
If PQ and PR be the roots of equation (i), then we have
60°
PQ. 30° 60°
A B
1 2r
PR = – where
f( )

f ( ) = a cos 2 + h sin 2 + b sin 2

Since f ( ) is given to be independent of , therefore

df 2r 3
= – 2asin cos + 2h cos2 + 2b sin cos = 0 From figure AP 2r cos30 r 3
d 2
i.e. (b – a) sin2 + 2h cos2 = 0 ......(ii)
AP AC CP r 3
identically. (The word identically here implies, true for
every value of ). Now, AC CP 2r 3
Equation (ii) will be identically ture if and only if a = b
AR RC CS SP 2r 3
and h = 0
Which therefore proves that the given curve must be AR SP RC CS 2r 3
circle.
35. (a) We have x2 + y2 + 2g1 x + c = 0 ........(i) RT TS RS RS 2r 3
x2 + y2 + 2g2 x + c = 0 ........(ii) [ RC RS and CS RS ]

2r
B
3RS 2r 3 RS .
3
P
A
37. (d) Let f ( x, y ) x2 y2 2 gx 2 fy c
L1 L2
f (0, y ) y2 2 fy c, f ( x, 0) x2 2 gx c
C1
C2 Since f (0, y ) 0 has y = 3 as it’s repeated root
2f = –6, c = 9 f = –3 and c = 9
Radical axis of two circle is x = 0 and
1 3 1
Also roots of f (x, 0) = 0 are x = 1, g – c
the limiting points are ( c , 0) and (– c , 0) 2 4 2
Let the common tangent meet the radical axis at (0, k) ( Two values of c are different)
38. (b) Let P (a, 0), Q ( a, 0), R (h, k )
PA = length of tangent from P = (0 k 2 0 c)
1 n2
= (k 2 c) PR nQR h2 k2 2ah a2 0
1 n2
PB = length of tangent to (ii) = (02 k2 0 c)
1 n2
Whose locus is x 2 y2 2ax a2 0
= 2 2
(k c) 1 n
 Which is a circle with radius Let the chord get bisected at A(0, ) centre of given is
2 C (1, 2). Thus mPA mCA 1
2 1 n2 2
a a 2
(b 2) (a 2b) 0
1 n2
This equation should have distinct real roots if
4n 2 a.2n (b 2)2 4(a 2b) b2 4b 4 4a
a 2 2 2
(1 n ) |1 n |
or (b 2) 2 4a
Which can be greater than or less than a.
If two different values of n are n1 and n2 then circles NOTE : We can solve the question by the method
used in Q.N. 33 also.
1 n12 41. (a)
are x 2 y2 2ax a 2 0
1 n12
B
1 n22
and x 2 y2 2ax a 2 0
1 n22
So, common radical axis is 2ax 0 x=0
So, y-axis is the fixed radical axis. O C A

39. (a) Let fixed direction be OA and OB inclined at a

R constant angle and AB c,
r1 r2 BAO
Let BC c sin and AC c cos .
P O Q
OC c sin .cot
Equation of line passing through A and perpendicular
S to OB is
y cot ( x c sin cot cos )
Let the centres of the circles be P and Q which intersect and equation of BC is x c sin .cot
orthogonally at the point R, then PRQ 90
orthocenter is (c sin .cot , c cos .cot )
Let PQR then QPR 90
Eliminating from x = csin cot and y = c cos cot
RO r2 sin(90 – ) r1 sin
Required locus is x 2 y2 c 2 cot 2 , which is
RO RO the equation of a circle.
sin and cos
r1 r2 42. (d) Since point ( , 2) lies inside the circle
2
1 1 r1r2 ( 2) 2 4 0
RO 2 1 RO
r12 r2 2
r12 r2 2
2 0 ....(1)

2r1r2 and also point ( , 2) lies in the smaller segment

Length of common chord RS 2 RO
made by the line so that
r12 r22
3 4( 2) 12 0
40. (b) Y
P (a, b) 20 ...(2)
7
A (since centre of circle ( 0, 0 ) and point ( , 2) lies in
the opposite sides of the given line)
C (1, 2) From (1) and (2), .

43. (c) x2 y2 1( x y) c 0 ...(1)

X x2 y2
O 2 (x y) c 0
 262 IIT-JEE M ATHEMATICS Challenger
Radical axes ( 1 2 )( x y) 0 x = y. 1
and cos ,
3
Putting in (1) 2 x2 c 0
AOR 2
c > 0 for non real x.
Now in triangle AOR, AOR 2 and AO = 3
units
44. (b) 2 2
x + y =1
B OA 3
cos( 2 )
OR h 2
k2
27
P (–2, –1) (0, –1) h2 k2
7
2
Any line through ( – 2, – 1) is y + 1 = m ( x + 2 ) 27
x2 y2 .
7
2m 1 4
It touches the circle if 1 m 0, 47. (a) Point of intersection of diagonals lie on circumcircle
1 m2 3 i.e.(1, 1)
sin 36
4 2 R sin 72 , R cos 72
Equation of PB is y 1 ( x 2) 2sin 72
3
4x–3y+5=0 locus is ( x 1) 2 ( y 1)2 cos 2 72
A point on PB is (– 5, – 5), (we can choose some other
x2 y2 2 x 2 y 1 sin 2 72 0
point as well)
Its image by the line y = – 1 is P ( – 5 , 3).
Hence equation of incident ray PP is
3 1 (1, 1)
y 3 ( x 5) 4 x + 3 y + 11 = 0 72°
5 2 R

45. (a) Let P be (1 2 cos , 2 sin ) and Cis (1, 0).

Circum centre of triangle ABC lies on midpoint of PC
2h 1 2 cos 1and 2k 2 sin
48. (a) Since 4x + 3y – 4 = 0 is dividing the circumference in
2 2 the ratio 1 : 2, angle subtended at the centre 2 / 3.
[2(h 1)] (2k ) 2
Also the perpendicular distance from the centre of the
[2(h 1)]2 k2 1 0 given line is 5
Radius = 10
2 x2 2 y2 4x 1 0 equation of the circle is
46. (a) Since POQ and AOQ are congruent. Hence
x 2 y 2 10 x 6 y 66 0.
POQ QOA 49. (a) The centre C of the circle = ( 5,7 ) and
Y
the radius 5 7 2 51 5 5
x2 y2 9
A PC 12 52 13 q PA 13 5 5
and p PB 13 5 3
Q x2 y2 1
3 G.M. of p and q
1
3 (h, k) pq (13 5 5(13 5 5))
P
O X R
169 125 2 11.
Q'
A C (5, 7)
B P (–7, 2) B

(0, –1)
1. (b) In the corollary 2, we put = 0 and 2a = d, the desired 4. (c) The equation of the coaxal system is
equation we get r = d cos .
x2 y2 4x 2 y 5 (x2 y2 2 x 4 y 7) 0
2. (c) If a be the radius, then the coordinates of its centre are
a 2(2 ) 2(1 2 ) 5 7
or x 2 y2 x y 0
( a2 c 2 , ) , where tan c 1 1 1
P (r, ) Equating radius to zero, we get

(2 )2 (1 2 ) 2 (5 7 )(1 )
C 2
0
(1 )
a
O c 2 2
4 0 0 or 2
The equation to the circle is
2 1 2
r2 2 a2 c 2 r cos( ) c2 0 The centre of above system is ,
1 1
or r 2 2r (c cos a sin ) c 2 0 Substituting the values of , we get the coordinates of
limiting points (–2, –1) and (0, –3).
r 2 2cr cos c 2 2 ar sin ....(1) 5. (d) The point circles represented by the limiting points are
Since, it passes through (r1, 1), (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 0 and (x – 2)2 + y2 = 0
So, the equation of coaxal system is,
r12 2cr1 cos 1 c2 2ar1 sin 1 ....(2)
Eliminating a from (1) and (2) we get the equation to the ( x 1)2 ( y 1)2 {( x 2)2 y2} 0 ....(1)
desired circle
1
It passes through (0, 0), so, putting into (1)
r 2
2cr cos c 2
r12 2cr1 cos 1 c 2
2
r sin r1 sin 1 we get the equation to the desired circle as x2 + y2 + 4y
=0
3. (c) Let OP = r1 and OQ = r and the given circle is
6. (b) The equation of the given coaxal system is
r2 2cr cos( ) c2 a2 0 ....(1)
x2 y2 2 x 2 y c ( x2 y2 ) 0
k
Given r1r = k r1 must satisfy (1). 2 2 2 c
r or x y2 x y 0
1 1 1
k2 2ck
cos( ) c2 a2 0 ,
r 2 r Its centre is and radius is
1 1
P
2 2
c(1 )
|1 |
Q
2 2
The radius vanishes if 1
r c
O X
c c
2ck k2 So, the other limiting point is , .
2 2 2 2 2
r 2 2
r cos( ) 2 2
0
c a c a
which is the locus of Q. Clearly it is a circle, whose 7. (a) Line x 2 y a 0 intersects the circle
radius is given by 0 0 a
x2 y2 4 0 if 2
c2k 2 k2 k 2a2 ka 1 4

(c 2 a 2 )2 c2 a2 (c 2 a 2 )2 c2 a2 2 5 a 2 5.
 264 IIT-JEE M ATHEMATICS Challenger
8. (d) Let line x 2 y a 0 and 12 x 6 y 41 0 intersect 4 2( 1 5 2 8
.
at P then PA.PB PT 2 and PC .PD PT '2 14 6 41 5
where T and T are the points on the respective circles. Hence equation of required circle is
Now, if A, B, C and D are concyclic, 5x2 5 y 2 8 x 16 y 36 0.
Then PA.PB PC.PD PT 2 PT '2 10. (a) PT2 PT1 ( 4)2 02 4 2 3
Hence point P will lie on the radical axis of both the
circum centre of triangle PT1 T2 is mid point of PO
circles. Now equation of radical axis is 4 x 2 y 5 0 .
4 0 0 0
Since radical axis, line x 2 y a 0 and So, , ( 2,0).
2 2
12 x 6 y 41 0 are concurrent at P
T1
4 2 5
1 2 a 0 a=2
12 6 41 P (–4, 0) D O(0, 0) P'
P
T2

PT1 2 3 3
11. (d) cos 30
OP 4 2
T A 1 2
Area P ' T1T2 2 3 sin 60 3 3
2
C
T' 1 2
Area PT1 P '
2 3 sin120 3 3
B 2
D 12. (a) P be a point on the circle .

3
9. (c) Equation of circle passing through point of intersection 2 6
2 2
of circle x y 4 0 and x 2 y 2 0 is given by Area of the rhombus 2(3 3 3) 6 3.

x2 y2 4 ( x 2 y 2) 0 ...(1)
again common chord of circle represented by equation 2 3
2 2
(1) and circle x y 4 x 2 y 1 0 is 20
( 4) x 2( 1) y 2 5 0 ...(2) 3 D
10
since equation (2) and 12 x 6 y 41 0 represent the
same line

1. (a) no. of radical axes = no. of radical centres 3 4

nC = nC n=5 3. (d) Slope of line joining (1, 4) and (2, 3) = 1
2 3 2 1
2. (a) Two circles touch each other C1C2 r1 r2
6 4
slope of line joining (1, 4) and (–1, 6) = 1
a 2
b 2
a –c2
b 2
c 1 1
point are collinear
a 2 b2 a 2 c b2 c 2 (a 2 c )(b2 c) So no circle is drawn.
4. (b) For x2 + y2 + 2x = 0, C1 (–1, 0), r1 = 1,
c2 (a 2 c )(b 2 c) a 2b2 a2 b2 for x2 + y2 – 6x = 0, C2 (3, 0), r2 = 3.
Point of contact of circle
1 1 1
2
c a b2
 7. (d) Let centres of the circles be C1 and C2
æ 3+ 3 ö
E=ç , 0 = ( -3, 0) , Angle between the tangents
è 1 - 3 ÷ø
A1
from (–3, 0) to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x = 0 is
b a
-1 æçö p
÷÷ =
1 C2
q = 2 tan ç and C1C2 = r1 + r2. 1–b 1–a C1
è 9+0-6 ø 3 b a
Therefore the common tangents form an equilateral (–1, 0) (1, 0)
triangle and they touch each other externally.
So, both the statements are correct but second
statement does not explain the first. Þ C1 is( 1 - 2a , a) C2 is ( 1 - 2b , b)
5. (a) Let P be one of the points of contact then 1
Þ C1C2 = a + b = a +
2
AP = AB. AC = constant 2
Þ Locus of P is a circle with centre at A 2 2
Þ 1 - 2a + æç a - ö÷ = æç a + ö÷
1 1
è 2 ø è 2ø
P
1
Þ a= .
4
8. (b) The distance of the centre of circle from the given point
and the given line are equal, so the locus must be a
A B C
parabola. [See definition of parabola]
6. (c) If m1 and m2 be slopes of chords OP and OQ then 9. (d) Clearly from the figure
m1m2 = –1
p 2
sin = , where R is the radius of large circle
24 R - 2
P
æ pö
Q (3, 4) Þ R = 2 ç1 + cosec ÷
è 24 ø
R (–4, 3) C1
C2 C24
O
p
12

C
Also, D PQR is obtuse angled
3p
Þ Ð QPR =
4

1. (a,d) Since the given line touches the given circle, the length Þ (a – 2)x + (b – 4)y – (2a + 4b + 5 ) = 0.
of the perpendicular from the centre (2, 4) of the circle
If it represents the given line 3x – 4y – k = 0
from the line 3x – 4y – k = 0 is equal to the radius
a-2 a - 4 2 a + 4b + 5
4 + 16 + 5 = 5 of the circle. Then = = = l (say)
3 -4 k
3´ 2- 4´4 -k then a = 3 l + 2, b = 4 – 4 l
Þ = ± 5 Þ k = 15 or – 35.
9 + 16 and 2a + 4b + 5 = k l ......(i)
Now equation of the tangent at (a, b) to the given Þ 2 (3 l + 2) + 4(4 – 4 l ) + 5 = 15 l (if k = 15)
circle is xa + yb – 2(x + a) – 4(y + b) – 5 = 0
Þ l = 1 Þ a = 5, b = 0 and k + a + b = 20.
 Again if k = – 35, from (i) 3. (b,c,d)
25 – 10 l = – 35 l Þ l = – 1 Þ a = – 1, b = 8 Let PA and PB be the tangents from P( x1 , y1 ) to the given
and k + a + b = – 35 – 1 + 8 = – 28.
circle with centre C (– g, – f) such that Ð APB = q then
2. (b,c) When the circle C1 centered at the origin O(0, 0), and
q
the circle C2 centered at the point P (h, k) intersect Ð APC = Ð CPB =
2
their common chord AB is longest when it equals a
diameter of the smaller circle, which is C1 , whose radius From right angled triangle PAC
is 4. Being a diameter, the common chord AB passes
A
through the centre (0, 0) of C1 and, since its slope is
3 (x1 , y1 )
given to be , its equation is 3x – 4y = 0. q/ 2
4 q/2
C (–g, –f )
P
Now OA is radius of the first circle, so its value is 4,
while AP is a radius of the second circle C2 , so it
B
equals 5. Therefore,
OP = AP 2 - OA2 = 52 - 4 2 = 3.
That is, P(h, k) lies on the line through O perpendicular q CA g2 + f 2 - c
tan = =
to AB and at a distance 3 from O. So, we have 2 PA S1
3h - 4k
= ± 3 Þ 3h – 4k = ± 15. ......(i)
9 + 16 g2 + f 2 - c
On the other hand, the slope of the line OP through the Þ q = 2 tan - 1
S1
4
origin is – .
3 q S1
Therefore its equation is 3y + 4x = 0 and , since P(h, k) and cot =
2 g + f2 -c
2
lies on it, we have 3k + 4h = 0. Solving this with (i), we
get
1 - tan 2 q / 2
9 12 9 12 Also, cos q =
h= ,k=–
5 5
or h = – , k =
5 5
. 1 + tan 2 q / 2
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
S1 - ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) S1 + c - g 2 - f 2
Let the other circle be x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 = =
S1 + ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) S1 - c + g 2 + f 2
The common chord with x 2 + y 2 = 16 is,
2 gx + 2 fy + c + 16 = 0 ...(1) 1 1 - tan 2 q / 2 2 S1
cot q = = ¹
It passes through centre of the smaller circle (for tan q 2 tan q / 2 g2 + f 2 - c
maximum length)
4. (b,c,d)
\ c = -16. So, the other circle is
Equation of pair of tangents by SS ¢ = T2 is (a2 – 1) y2 –
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy - 16 = 0 x2 + 2ax – a2 = 0
If q be the angle between the tangents then tan q =
Its radius = g 2 + f 2 + 16 = 5 Þ g 2 + f 2 = 9 ...(2)
2 h2 - ab 2 -( a 2 - 1)( -1) 2 ( a 2 - 1)
g 3 = =
Also, slope of chord (1) is - = ...(3) a+b a2 - 2 a2 - 2
f 4
If q lies in II quadrant then tan q < 0
12 9
Solving above equation we get f = Þg=-
5 5 2 ( a 2 - 1)
\ < 0 Þ a2 – 1 > 0 & a2 – 2 < 0
12 9 a2 - 2
and f =- Þg=
5 5 Þ | a | > 1 and | a | < 2
æ 9 12 ö æ 9 12 ö
\ Centre is ç , - ÷ or ç - , ÷ Þ a Î (– 2 , – 1) È (1, 2 ).
è5 5ø è 5 5ø
5. (b,d)
Since Ð B = Ð C = 75° Þ Ð BAC = 30° Þ Ð BOC = Q
60°
Þ The triangle OBC is equilateral Þ BC = OB = a P
(-3, 0) (1, 0)

y
R

B
1
Since the lines y = – x+ 3 and
A (a, 0) 3
M O x
x'
1
C y= x – 3 make angle of 60° with x = 0,
3
the triangle PQR formed by these tangents is equilateral
y' so that the centroid, circumcentre and orthocenter of
the triangle coincide with its incentre (1, 0), the centre
of the circle of smaller radius inscribed in the triangle
If M is the middle point of BC then
PQR.
7. (a) At the points of intersection of the line ax + by = 0 ...(i)
a2 3a
OM = a2 - = 2
4 2 and the circle x + y 2 + ax + by – c 2 = 0 ....(ii)
As BC is perpendicular to MO, the x-axis. 2
We have x + y 2 = c 2 ....(iii)
3a bc ±k
Equation of BC is x = – . From (i) and (iii) we get x = ± =
2
a 2 + b2 a a2 + b2
Which meets the circle x 2 + y2 = a2 at the points
mk
æ 3a a ö and y =
ç - 2 , ± 2 ÷ which are the end points of the base b a 2 + b2
è ø
8. (a, b) Here circle equation is
BC.
6. (a,b,c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 sin a x + (cos a - 1) = 0
Centre of the first circle is (–3, 0) and the radius is 3 and
so sin a will be defined for sin a ³ 0
radius of the second circle is (1, 0) and the radius is 1.
Since the distance between the centres is equal to the Þ a Î [0, p] ...(1)
sum of the radii, the two circles touch each other also, Length of intercept on x-axis
externally at the origin, the common tangent at the origin 2
is y-axis. = 2 g - c = 2 sin a - cos a + 1 > 2
Let y = mx + c be a direct common tangent to the two Þ sin a - cos a > 0
circles, then
p 5p
<a< ...(2)
- 3m + c m+c 4 4
= ± 3 and = ±1
1 + m2 1 + m2 from (1) and (2)
æp ù
Þ – 6cm + c 2 = 9 and 2 cm + c 2 = 1 a Î ç , pú
è4 û
2 1 9. (a, c) a + g = p and b + d = p,
Þ cm = –1 and c = 3 Þ c = ± 3 and m = m
3
Þ cos a + cos b + cos g + cos d = 0
Þ Equation of the common tangents are
1 1
cos 2 a + cos2 b + cos 2 g + cos 2 d + 2 å cos a cos b =0
y=– x+ 3,y= x– 3 , x = 0.
3 3
Þ 2 å cos a cos b = - [2cos2 a + 2cos2 b]
 let it be (h, –h), then
Þ 2+ å cos a cos b = [sin 2 a + sin2 b]
(h - 1)2 + (-h - 1)2 = 2 2 Þ h = ± 3
2
= sin a + sin d 2 (Q d = p - b )
\ centre of S3 is ( 3, - 3) or (- 3, 3).
d g One of the equations of S3 is

a b x 2 + y 2 - 2 3 x + 2 3 y + 4 = 0.
Common tangent of S1 and S2 is x + y = 0
10. (b, c) AB subtends the greatest angle at C, so, the line and that of S1 and S3 is ( 3 - 1) x - ( 3 + 1) y - 2 = 0.
x – y + 1 = 0 touches the circle at C and hence AB is the
diameter. æ 1 1 ö
Let the equation of the desired circle be So, the radical centre is ç ,- ÷ , say P then radius
è 3 3ø
( x - 1)2 + ( y - 2) 2 + l( x - y + 1) = 0. of the circle intersecting S1, S2 and S3 orthogonally =
2 2
æl - 2ö æ l + 4ö 2 2
Its radius = ç ÷ +ç ÷ - (5 + l) = ( 2) OP = .
è 2 ø è 2 ø 3

Þ l = ±2.
\ The equations of circle are S3 S1
x 2 + y 2 - 6 y + 7 = 0 and

x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 2 y + 3 = 0.
O
C A
S2

B S3
11. (a,b,c) 13 (b, c) Curve through the intersection of S1 and S2 is given
Let A be (2, 0) and B be (0 ,2), then clearly A, B, P and Q by S1 + lS2 = 0
are concyclic with AB as diameter. So, the circle has
centre (1, 1) and radius 2. The given line represents Þ x 2 (sin 2 q + l cos 2 q) + 2(h tan q - lh ¢ cot q) xy
a chord of circle intersecting at two distinct points if
+(cos 2 q + l sin 2 q) y 2 + (32 + 16l) x + (16 + 32l) y
| m + 2m - 1|
< 2 2 2 + 19(1 + l) = 0
Þ (3m - 1) < 2(1 + m )
1 + m2
The above equation will represent a circle if
Þ 7m2 - 6m - 1 < 0
sin 2 q + l cos 2 q = cos 2 q + l sin 2 q
1
\ - < m < 1. Þ (1 - l)(sin 2 q - cos 2 q) = 0
7
12. (a,d) S1 is the circle with given points as diameter, so, S1 is p
Þ l = 1 or q =
4
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y = 0, which passes through origin.
Also h tan q - l h 'cot q = 0
2 2
Clearly, S2 is x + y + 2 x - 2 y = 0. Þ h tan q = lh ¢ cot q which is satisfied if
The smallest circle containing S1 and S2 has centre at p
l = 1and q =
(0, 0) and radius equal to diameter of S1 (or S2 ). 4

Now, centre of S3 lies on x + y = 0, Þ h = h¢

14. (a, c) 17. (a, b, c, d)
If P(h, k) be the point of intersection of the tangents at Since (a, 0 ) is a point on the diameter of the circle
the extremities of the chord AB of the circle
x 2 - y 2 = 4,
x 2 + y 2 = b 2 , then
Equation of AB is hx + ky = b2 maximum value of a 2 is 4
This is a tangent to x 2 + y 2 - 2by = 0, so
Let f ( x) = x 2 - 4 x - a 2
h.0 + k .b - b 2
= ±b
Clearly, f (-1) = 5 - a 2 > 0, f (2) = -( a 2 + 4) < 0
h2 + k 2

Þ (k - b)2 = (h 2 + k 2 ) f (0) = -a 2 £ 0 and f (5) = 5 - a 2 < 0

Þ h2 = b(b - 2k ) Graph of f (x) will be as shown

0 2
\ locus of (h, k) is x 2 = b(b - 2 y ) x
–1 5
æ bö
which passes through the points (b, 0) and ç 0, ÷ . 18. (a, b)
è 2ø
15. (a, b) In the square ABCD, the extremities of the given
Radius of the given circle = |g|. For perpendicular diagonal are A (6, 0) and C (–2, 0) mid point of
tangents origin should lie on the director circle, i.e. AC = (2, 0)
distance of origin from the centre of the given circle =
Slope of AC = 0
2 2 2
|g| 2 Þ g + f = 2g Þ g = ± f . Therefore equation of BD is
16. (a, c)
x-2 y-0
OP = 5 2 sec q , OP1 = 5 2 cosec q = = ±4
cos 90° sin 90°
100
DPP1 P2 = , (DPP1P2 )min = 100 x = 2 ± 4cos 90°, y = ±4sin 90°
sin 2q
B or D = (2, 4) (2, –4)
Þ q = p / 4 Þ OP = 10
Þ P = (10,0), (-10,0). Y

P1
(–2, 0) C A (6, 0)
X
(2, 0)
q
O P

P2

4 3 15
(C) OD = 4 Þ sin q = so, AC = OA cot q = 5 ´ =
1. A - s; B - p, r, s; C - t; D - p, q 5 4 4
A D A
(A) CD= 5 and AC =2 5 q
C
D q
O C
\ AD = 5 + 4 = 3 B
(B) distance from the centre (0 , 10 ) of the line y = mx
10 B
= ³ radius Þ m £ 3 75
1 + m2 \ area of quadrilateral OACB = OA × AC =
4
 270 IIT-JEE MATHEMATICS Challenger
(D) The circle C is x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 and C1 is
(B) A tangents to x 2 + y 2 = 1 is
x 2 + y 2 - 2rx - 2ry + r 2 = 0 . They intersect
y = mx ± 1 + m2
orthogonally if 2(r + r ) = 1 + r2 Þ r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
so, r = 2 ± 3 2m ± 1 + m2
It touches ( x - 2)2 y 2 = 4 if =2
2. A - q, r, t, u; B - s; C - p, r; D - q 1 + m2
(A) The line y = a1 x + b and y = a2 x + 2b will meet
coordinate axes in concyclic points provided 1
Þ m=±
Product of their slops = 1 Þ a1a2 = 1 3
Clearly b can take any value except b = 0, when both 1 2
the lines pass through origin, hence no circle is formed. The common tangents are y = x+ and
3 3
(B) The radical axis of the circle is x = 0. It is common
tangent if roots of the equation y2 + b = 0 are coinci- 1 2
y= x-which intersect at (– 2, 0)
dent Þ b = 0 3 3
(C) the centres of both the circles should lie on the same (C) Common chord of the given circles is
side of radical axis x = 0, which must not touch or inter-
sect the circles. ( x 2 + y 2 - 8) - [( x - a)2 + y 2 - 8] = 0
Þ (- a1 ) (- a2 ) > 0 and y2 + b = 0 has imaginary roots Þ 2x - a = 0

Þ a1 a2 > 0 and b > 0 2x

Þ =1
a
(D) Let (x1, x2) be any point on x2 + y2 = a21
Þ x21 + y21 = a21 -----(1) Corresponding chord of con- 2 2
Homogenising x + y - 8 = 0
tact is xx1 + yy1 =b2 ------(2)
2
it touches x2 + y2 = a22 æ 2x ö
Þ x2 + y 2 - 8 ç ÷ =0
è aø
-b 2
\ = a2 Þ b 2 = a1 a2 It represents perpendicular lines
x 21 + y12 32
Þ 1- +1 = 0
3. A - r; B - q; C - p, t; D - q, s a2
(A) Origin is the circumcentre
Þ a 2 = 16 Þ a = ± 4
2 2
Þ circle is x + y = 1 (D) (4, k) must lie on the director circle of the given circle,
p which is x 2 + y 2 = 20. Thus
Þ q=
4
16 + k 2 = 20 Þ k = ±2

1. Ans : 3 y = mx ........(ii)
2 2 Solving (i) and (ii), we get
The equation of the circle is ( x - 1) + ( y - 1) = 1
2 2
(1 + m2 ) x 2 – 2x (1 + m) + 1 = 0
Þ x + y – 2x – 2y + 1 = 0 ......(i)
8m
Y \ Length DE =
1 + m2
1
(1, 1) Area of DDEB, A = DE × distance of B from DE
(0, 1) B 2
C E
1 8m 1 2m
\ A2 = . 2 × =
D
4 1+ m 1 + m2 (1 + m2 )2
X
A (1, 0) 2m
Þ A=
Let the equation of the variable straight line be 1 + m2
 dA 1 - 3m 2 1 From (iii), 2 t 2 – t (t + 1) – t (t + 1) + c = 0 Þ c = 2t
= = 0=m= ±
dM 2 m (1 + m 2 ) 2 3 From (A), x 2 + y 2 – (t + 1)x – (t + 1 )y + 2t = 0 Þ ( x 2 +

d2A 1 y 2 – x – y) –t (x + y – 2) = 0,
< if m =
dm 2 3 Which is of the form S + l L = 0. Hence always pass
through points of intersection of
1
\ Area is maximum for m = x 2 + y 2 – x – y = 0 and x + y – 2 = 0. On solving we get
3
2. Ans : 1 x = 1 and y = 1. So, a = 1, b = 1
4. Ans : 3
The given circle S (x, y) º x 2 + y 2 – x – y – 6 = 0........(i) Equation of a curve passing through the intersection points
of the given curves
æ1 1ö
has centre at C º ç , ÷ a x 2 + 2hxy + b y 2 – 2gx – 2fy + c = 0 .......(i)
è 2 2ø
2
and a’ x – 2hxy + (a’+ a – b) y 2 – 2g’x – 2f’y + c = 0..(ii)
can be written as
·
P {a’ x 2 – 2hxy + (a’ + a – b) y 2 – 2g’x – 2f’y + c} + l {a x 2
· x + y-2 =0
C + 2hxy + b y 2 – 2gx – 2fy + c } = 0

i.e. (a’ + l a) x 2 + 2h ( l – 1)xy + (a’ + a – b + l b) y 2 – 2(g’

+ l g)x – 2(f’ + l f)y + (1 + l )c = 0 ......(iii)
According to the required conditions, the given point According to the given condition equation (iii) must
P ( a – 1, a + 1) must lie inside the given circle represent a circle, therefore we have
2
i.e. S ( a – 1, a + 1) < 0 i.e. (a - 1) 2 + (a + 1) – ( a – 1) coeff. of x2 = coeff. of y 2 i.e. a’ + l a = a’ + a – b + l b i.e.
– ( a + 1) – 6 < 0 l (a – b) = a – b gives l = 1
i.e. a 2 – a – 2 < 0 i.e. ( a – 2) ( a + 1) < 0 and coeff. of xy = 0 i.e. l – 1 = 0 gives l = 1
i.e. – 1 < a < 2 ........(ii) The identical values prove that the curve is a circle.
and also P and C must lie on the same side of the line (see Putting the above value of l in equation (iii) gives the
fig.). equation of the circle passing through the intersection
L (x, y) º x + y – 2 = 0 .........(iii) points of the curves represented by equations (i) and (ii)
as
æ1 1ö
i.e. L ç , ÷ and L ( a – 1, a + 1) must have the same (a’ + a) ( x 2 + y 2 ) – 2 (g’ + g) x – 2 (f’ + f)y + 2c = 0
è 2 2ø
sign. æ g'+g f '+f ö
which has its centre at the point ç , ÷
æ1 1ö 1 1 è a'+a a'+a ø
Now, since L ç , ÷ = + –2<0
è 2 2ø 2 2 We can see that the co-ordinates of the given point P is
the same as the centre of the circle passing through the
therefore, we have L ( a – 1, a + 1) = ( a – 1) + ( a + 1) – 2
< 0 i.e. a < 1 ........(iv) points A, B, C and D. Therefore, we have PA 2 = PB 2 =
Inequalities (ii) and (iv) together give the permissible values
of a as – 1 < a < 1 PC 2 = PD 2 = radius of the circle.
3. Ans : 2 So, PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 = 3 PD 2
Let circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0......(A) 5. Ans : 9
it is passing through (1, t), (t, 1) and (t, t) C
y
then 1 + t 2 + 2g + 2ft + c = 0 ...... (i)
L
t 2 + 1 + 2gt + 2f + c = 0 ...... (ii) P
2 A Ö12
2 Q(4 + 4Ö3, 0)
2 t + 2gt + 2ft + c = 0 ..... (iii) 30° 30° x
(ii) – (i) and (iii) – (ii), O N(4, 0)
Then 2g (t – 1) + 2f (1 – t) = 0 or g – f = 0 and t 2 – 1 + 2f B M(1, 0)
(t – 1) = 0
(t + 1)
\ f= - =g D
2 x=1
 Common chord of both the circles is x = 1. p
Now, we have to find the ratio of areas of equilateral triangles Now, h - = tan -1 h
ANB and CQD. 2
Now in triangle OPN, ON = OP cosec 30° = 2 × 2 = 4. p p p
Area of triangle NAB Since 0 < h < p Þ - < h- < .
2 2 2
1 pö
MN . AB = MN . AM = MN. MN tan 30° æ
2 h = tan ç h - ÷ = - cot h
è 2ø
2 1 9 Þ - h = cot h
= (ON – OM)2 tan 30° = (4 - 1) = sq. units.
3 3 which gives only one solution for h Î(0, p).
Now in triangle NLQ,
So, there is only one point on the curve.
NQ = NL cosec 30° = 4 3. y y cot x
1 y=–x
Since area of triangle CQD = QM .CD = QM .CM
2
QM. QM tan 30°
1 57 + 24 3
= ( MN + NQ) 2 tan 30° = (3 + 4 3) 2 =
3 3 O p x
sq. units. 2
57 + 24 3
So, ratio of area of trianlges = .
9
6. Ans : 1
7. Ans : 6
Let (h, k) be the points on the curve y = tan -1 x. Let r be the radius of the circle. Its equation is
Image of (h, k) in y = x is (k, h) which is the centre of a circle
x 2 + y 2 - 2r ( x + y ) + r 2 = 0. Since it passes through P(a , b)
p
of radius .
2 2 a 2 + b 2 - 2r ( a + b ) + r 2 = 0
p p Solving r1 = a + b + 2ab ...(1)
Given PM = (shortest distance) and CM =
2 2 2 2 r2 = a + b - 2ab
(radius of circle) Now, the equations of two circles are
x 2 + y 2 - 2r1 ( x + y ) + r12 = 0 and
C (k, h)
x 2 + y 2 - 2r2 ( x + y ) + r2 2 = 0

M –1 The common chord is S1 - S2 = 0

y = tan x
Þ 2 ( r2 - r1 ) ( x + y ) + r12 - r2 2 = 0
P (k, h) Þ 2 ( x + y ) = r1 + r2
For maximum length of the common chord, it must pass
through the centre of the smaller circle ( r2 , r2 ) , so
r
æ p ö p 4r2 = r1 + r2 Þ 1 = 3
Þ CP = ç 2= . r2
è 2 2 ÷ø 2
a + b + 2ab
Now, CP = (h - k )2 + (k - h)2 =
p Þ = 3 Þ 2 ( a + b ) = 4 2 ab
a + b - 2 ab
2
p p Þ ( a + b )2 = 8ab
Þ 2 | h - k |= Þ | h - k |=
2 2 Þ a 2 - 6 ab + b 2 = 0
p p 6b ± 36b2 - 4b2
Þ Þ k = h±
h-k = ±
2 2 Þ a= = (3 ± 2 2 ) b
2
Since , (h, k) lies on y = tan -1 x Þ k = h - p a
2 Þ = 3± 2 2
b