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Miscarriage
8 Most Common Causes
of Miscarriage
! 7 Jul, 2016 " Team Dr Lal PathLabs
While
women have been blessed with the ability to bring new
life into the world, it is also a fact that there is always
an unexpected risk of something going wrong. The
worst can be a Miscarriage i.e. the loss of a foetus
before the 20th week of the pregnancy. It is reported
that more than 80% of the miscarriages occur in the
first three months of pregnancy and can emotionally
shatter the expecting parents. The causes of
miscarriage are many, the most common are uterine
abnormalities, infection, a medical condition like
diabetes, or thyroid, etc. According to a non – profit
organization, 10-15% of all known pregnancies end in
miscarriage.
Causes of Miscarriage
There are several Risk factors lead to miscarriage.
Some of them are:
Rh factor: Miscarriage can be caused because
of the incompatibility of the mother’s blood and
the blood of the unborn foetus commonly
known as Rh factor incompatibility. This type of
miscarriage occur when the blood type of
mother is Rh negative, and the foetus blood
type is Rh positive. Therefore, when there is a
difference in the Rh factor between a mother
and the foetus, the body of the mother
recognizes the foetus as a foreign material and
can cause a miscarriage. However, nowadays,
Rh incompatibility is rare cause of miscarriage
due to advancement in the health care sector.
Improper implantation: Improper implantation
of the fertilized egg or ovum that is unable to
attach in the proper place is one of the
important causes of miscarriage. In order to
maintain pregnancy, the fertilized egg must
implant inside the uterine cavity of the mother.
In ectopic pregnancies, the fertilized egg
implants outside the uterine cavity, resulting in
miscarriage.
Trauma and Injuries: Trauma or injuries like a
heavy hit by the steering wheel in the
abdominal area or a blunt force to the
abdominal area during pregnancy can cause
miscarriage.
Consumption of illegal drugs: The consumption
of recreational or illegal drugs while pregnant,
put the mother at huge risk of having
miscarriages. Illicit drugs, as well as some
prescribed drugs, do not have the ability to
cross into the foetal blood circulation resulting
in miscarriages. Therefore, it is highly
suggested that a pregnant woman should never
take prescription medication unless it is
specially prescribed for her and the prescribing
doctor is aware of the pregnancy.
Genetic Disorder: Genetics, cause due to
chromosomal abnormality is one of the vital
causes of miscarriage. If it occurs early, the
women not even get to know about her
pregnancy. When this type of failure occurs, the
woman simply thinks that she has an extra
menstrual cycle or period that month, when in
fact she is actually having had a miscarriage.
Intentional Abortions: If a woman who has had
previous intentional abortions are at a higher
risk for a miscarriage in future pregnancies.
Intentional abortion causes the cervix to
become incompetent, sensitive and irritable
resulting in miscarriages. During that time, the
mother’s body is unable to maintain adequate
levels of hormones that are needed to support
a pregnancy.
Age: Age is a great factor contributing to the
occurrence of miscarriages. The risk of
miscarriages is 20% – 35% in the women aged
35-45 years. A woman who gets pregnant at
the age of 45 has a 50% have a huge chance of
going through a miscarriage.
Other causes: Other miscarriage causes are
naturally occurred due to unknown reasons.
Sometimes people blame the environmental
factors such as pesticides, antibiotics, and
hormones that farmers use when raising
livestock. Exposure to radiation, malnutrition,
smoking or high caffeine intake are some of
the unknown causes of miscarriages.
Types of Miscarriages
Threatened Miscarriage: It involves bleeding
from the uterus. Here, women experience a
blockage in the cervix and suffer from lower
back pain along with cramps.
Complete miscarriage: It occurs when the
uterus of the expecting moms completely
expel. The bleeding usually does not take much
time to stop, and women experience pain and
cramping.
Missed miscarriage: In this case, the foetus dies
but not expelled. Usually, women remain
unaware of this type of miscarriages and that is
diagnosed later with the help of ultrasound.
Symptoms of Miscarriages
The most common symptoms of is excessive
bleeding. It may initially be less but gradually
progresses to more profuse bleeding.
Severe cramps and back pain.
Constant or irregular vaginal bleeding.
Persistent pelvic cramps and belly pain.
Blood clots or greyish (fetal) tissue passing
from the vagina.
Treatment
The primary goal of treatment during and after
miscarriage is to prevent haemorrhaging and infection.
Doctors usually recommend an ultrasound,
blood test and pelvic examination to
determine if a miscarriage has occurred.
In the case of threatened miscarriages, the
doctors give medication to support the
pregnancy, only if the baby’s heartbeat is fine
and there are no further symptoms of
miscarriage or other complications.
Doctors also monitored the levels of
pregnancy hormone HCG in order to diagnose
a miscarriage.
In case of frequent miscarriages (2-3 times),
doctors try to find out the causes of the
failures and suggest genetic examination,
medication, or blood tests. Hysteroscopy,
(looking at the inside of a uterus through a
telescope like device), Ultrasound of the pelvic
region (an x-Ray of the uterus and the
fallopian tube can be conducted to determine
the possible causes of miscarriages.
Psychological Effects of Miscarriage during pregnancy
The mind of an expecting mother prepares and waits
eagerly for her new-born baby. When this fails to
materialize, it leaves a woman with a void and
extremely emotional and vulnerable situation. The
feeling is more acute in the case of a planned baby.
The reason why most doctors ask patients to wait for
some time post miscarriage, is because to heal them
emotionally.
A beneficial way to overcome the shock is to take
proper counselling. There should be a mutual
conversation and interaction between the partners
about their feelings and emotions. Even talking to the
people who have had a prior experience of this
problem helps a lot.
Prevention of Miscarriage
The prevention of a miscarriage is difficult unless the
doctors have been able to identify a preventable cause
well before the miscarriage. Apart from this, one has to
keep in mind strictly the symptoms and causes of
miscarriage and in order to avoid the unexpected fatal
consequences.
Source:-
causes miscarriage miscarriage during pregnancy
prevention of miscarriage symptoms of miscarriages
types of miscarriages
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