Detailed Explanation for Question 87

Question:
Which of the following represents the structure having cis arrangement around each double bond?
Options: Refer to the given diagram in the question.

Answer: (1)

What is Cis-Arrangement?
• Cis-arrangement refers to a configuration where the substituents on each carbon
atom of the double bond are on the same side of the plane of the double bond.
• In contrast, the trans-arrangement places the substituents on opposite sides.

Key Criteria for Cis-Arrangement:

1. A molecule must have a double bond (restricted rotation around the bond).
2. Each carbon in the double bond must have two different substituents for
geometrical isomerism to exist.
3. Substituents on the same side indicate cis-arrangement.

Analyzing the Options:

Option 1:
• In the structure shown, the substituents on each carbon of the double bond are on
the same side.
• This satisfies the cis-arrangement criteria for all the double bonds in the molecule.

Option 2:
• In this structure, at least one of the double bonds has substituents on opposite
sides, indicating a trans-arrangement.
• This is not fully cis.

Option 3:
• Similar to Option 2, this structure also has a mix of cis and trans configurations.

Option 4:
• Like Option 2 and 3, this structure is not consistently cis around all double bonds.

Why is Option 1 Correct?

• All double bonds in the structure shown in Option 1 have substituents arranged on
the same side, meeting the definition of cis-arrangement for each double bond.

Conclusion:
The correct structure representing cis-arrangement around each double bond is Option (1).

Q88:
Question:
What is the total number of optical isomers for the given molecule?

Options:
1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8

Answer: (2) 4
Explanation:
1. Identifying Chiral Centers:
- A chiral center is a carbon atom bonded to four different groups.
- The given molecule has 2 chiral centers.

2. Formula for Stereoisomers:

- The total number of stereoisomers for a molecule with "n" chiral centers is:
2^n
- Here, n = 2, so:
2^2 = 4
- This includes both enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images) and diastereomers (non-
mirror stereoisomers).

3. Checking for Symmetry:

- If the molecule has internal symmetry, some stereoisomers can be meso compounds (achiral and
optically inactive).
- The given molecule lacks internal symmetry, so all 4 stereoisomers are optically active.

Types of Isomers for 2 Chiral Centers:

1. Possible Configurations:
- Each chiral center can have either R or S configuration.
- The possible combinations are:
R,R
R,S
S,R
S,S

2. Nature of Isomers:
- R,R and S,S are enantiomers (non-superimposable mirror images).
- R,S and S,R are also enantiomers.
- All combinations are optically active.

Diagram (Schematic Representation of Isomers):

H OH H OH
\ / \ /
C—C C—C
/ \ / \
OH H OH H
(R,R) (S,S)

OH H H OH
\ / \ /
C—C C—C
/ \ / \
H OH OH H
(R,S) (S,R)

Conclusion:
• The molecule has 2 chiral centers.
• Total number of optical isomers = 4.

Q89:

Question:
Which of the following hydrocarbons has the lowest dipole moment?
1. CH2=CH-Cl
 2. CH2=CH-CH2Cl
3. CH3-CH=CH2
4. CH3-C≡C-CH3

Answer: (4) CH3-C≡C-CH3

Explanation:
1. Dipole Moment Basics:
• Dipole moment () is a measure of the polarity of a molecule.
• Molecules with polar bonds and asymmetric structures usually have a dipole
moment because their bond dipoles do not cancel out.
2. Analyzing Each Option:
• Option 1: CH2=CH-Cl
• The C-Cl bond is highly polar due to the electronegativity difference between C and
Cl.
• The molecule has an asymmetric structure, resulting in a net dipole moment.
• Option 2: CH2=CH-CH2Cl
• This molecule has a polar C-Cl bond and an asymmetric structure, leading to a
significant dipole moment.
• Option 3: CH3-CH=CH2
• The molecule is slightly polar due to the asymmetry of the structure, but its dipole
moment is relatively small compared to halogen-containing compounds.
• Option 4: CH3-C≡C-CH3
• The molecule is symmetric with no net dipole moment.
• The triple bond and the symmetry of the molecule cancel out any individual bond
dipoles.
3. Conclusion:
• CH3-C≡C-CH3 is a completely symmetric molecule with no net dipole moment,
making it the hydrocarbon with the lowest dipole moment.

Diagram:

Option 1: CH2=CH-Cl
Cl
|
H2C = CH

Option 2: CH2=CH-CH2Cl
Cl
|
H2C = CH-CH2

Option 3: CH3-CH=CH2
H
|
CH3-CH = CH2

Option 4: CH3-C≡C-CH3
CH3-C≡C-CH3 (Symmetric molecule)

Final Takeaway:
• Symmetry in Option 4 leads to the lowest dipole moment compared to the other
options.

Q90:
Question:
Correct relation between the given molecules is:
1. Enantiomers
2. Diastereomers
3. Conformers
4. Identical

Answer: (2) Diastereomers

Explanation:
• Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other.
• The given molecules differ in the configuration of one of the chiral centers, making them
diastereomers.

Q91:
Question:
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
1. The different arrangements formed by rotation about a single bond are called conformations.
2. The repulsion felt by bonding electrons of one substituent as they pass close to the bonding
electrons of another substituent is called steric strain.
3. The strain arises due to repulsion between electron clouds of the interacting atoms or groups.
4. The investigation of the various conformations of the compound and their relative stabilities is
called conformational analysis.

Answer: (2)

Explanation:
• Steric strain is caused by the physical crowding of atoms, not by electron cloud repulsion between
bonding electrons.
• The rest of the statements are correct.

Q92:
Question:
Which of the following is optically active?
Options: (Refer to the image for structures)

Answer: (3)

Explanation:
• A compound is optically active if it has a chiral center and no internal plane of symmetry.
• The compound in option (3) satisfies these conditions.

Q93:
Question:
Which of the following shows geometrical isomerism?
1. 2-Butyne
2. 1-Butene
3. 2-Butene
4. Propene

Answer: (3) 2-Butene

Explanation:
• Geometrical isomerism arises due to restricted rotation around a double bond.
• 2-Butene exhibits both cis and trans isomers, while 2-Butyne and Propene do not show geometrical
isomerism.
Diagram:
Cis-2-Butene: CH3-CH=CH-CH3 (CH3 groups on the same side)
Trans-2-Butene: CH3-CH=CH-CH3 (CH3 groups on opposite sides)

Q94:
Question:
Which of the following has E-configuration?
1. cis-2-Butene
2. trans-2-Butene
3. 1-Butene
4. Propene

Answer: (2) trans-2-Butene

Explanation:
• E/Z configuration is determined based on priority rules (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog).
• In trans-2-Butene, the higher-priority groups (CH3 and H) are on opposite sides, giving it an "E"
(Entgegen) configuration.

Diagram:
E-configuration (trans): CH3-CH=CH-CH3 with CH3 and H on opposite sides.

Q95:
Question:
With respect to the conformers of ethane, which of the following statements is correct?
1. Bond angle and bond length change.
2. Bond angle changes but bond length remains the same.
3. Bond angle remains the same but bond length changes.
4. Both bond angle and bond length remain the same.

Answer: (4) Both bond angle and bond length remain the same.

Explanation:
• The bond angle (109.5°) and bond length in ethane remain constant during rotation about the C-C
bond.
• Energy differences between conformers arise due to torsional strain, not due to changes in bond
angles or lengths.

Diagram:
Staggered conformation (low energy) vs eclipsed conformation (high energy).

Q96:
Question:
The configuration of the compound is:
Options: Refer to the image.

Answer: (4) Anti (S)

Explanation:
• Use the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules to assign priority to groups attached to the chiral center.
• Rotate the molecule so that the lowest-priority group is in the back. If the order is
counterclockwise, the configuration is "S."
Diagram:
Show the chiral molecule with priority arrows and indicate the counterclockwise rotation.

Q97:
Question:
Assertion A: The enolic form of acetone contains 9 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond, and 2 lone pairs.
Reason R: Due to keto-enol tautomerism, acetone exists in three forms.
Choose the correct answer:
1. A is true but R is false.
2. A is false but R is true.
3. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Answer: (4) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
• The enolic form of acetone indeed contains 9 sigma bonds, 1 pi bond, and 2 lone pairs.
• Keto-enol tautomerism allows acetone to exist in two forms (not three), but this does not explain
the bond count in the enol form.

Diagram:
Show keto (CH3COCH3) and enol (CH2=C(OH)CH3) forms.

6. Q98:
Which of the following molecules has a non-superimposable mirror image?
Correct Answer: (3).
7. Q99:
Read the following statements carefully:
• (A) Propan-2-amine and N,N-dimethylmethanamine are functional isomers.
• (B) Dimethyl ether and methyl propyl ether are metamers.
• (C) Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol are chain isomers.
Correct Answer: (4) Only B and C.
8. Q100:
Consider the following two stereoisomers. How are they different?
Correct Answer: (2) They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.