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VOLUME NO. 13 (2022), ISSUE NO. 12 (DECEMBER) ISSN 0976-2183

CONTENTS
Sr. Page
TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S)
No. No.

1. EMPLOYEE WORKLOAD ANALYSIS AT THE REGIONAL 1

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY OF PONTIANAK

ABDULLAH, SRI SYABANITA ELIDA, DEDI HERDIANSYAH, A.

JALALUDIN SAYUTI & TITANIA RIRIANTI

2. A STUDY ON IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND THE 5

RISK BEARING CAPACITY OF INVESTORS IN PUDUCHERRY
REGION (AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO
SELECTED RESIDENTS IN PUDUCHERRY)

Dr. P. KATHAVARAYAN

REQUEST FOR FEEDBACK & DISCLAIMER 11

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VOLUME NO. 13 (2022), ISSUE NO. 12 (DECEMBER) ISSN 0976-2183
EMPLOYEE WORKLOAD ANALYSIS AT THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY OF PONTIANAK

ABDULLAH
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF PONTIANAK
INDONESIA

SRI SYABANITA ELIDA

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STATE POLYTECHNIC PONTIANAK
INDONESIA

DEDI HERDIANSYAH
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STATE POLYTECHNIC PONTIANAK
INDONESIA

A. JALALUDIN SAYUTI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF SRIWIJAYA
INDONESIA

TITANIA RIRIANTI
STUDENT
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
STATE POLYTECHNIC OF PONTIANAK
INDOSENIA

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the results of workload analysis of employees at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Pontianak. The research method used
in this study is a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all employees who hold status as a government
employee, namely PNS and PPPK in the planning and finance sub-division. The data collection technique used in this study is observation, interviews and documen-
tation studies. Data collected will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis and workload
calculation with a task-by-position approach method. The results of the workload analysis showed that there was an excessive workload of the Planning and Finance
Sub-Division employees, which induce stress both mentally and physically.

KEYWORDS
workload analysis, position, planning.

JEL CODES
J08, J18, J38, J21, J24.

INTRODUCTION

E mployees are one of the important factors that cannot be separated from the government agency. The role of Civil Servants in government agencies is very
important to assist agencies in the implementation of public services to the community. Efficient and effective governance is a needed in the era of global-
ization where there are some inadequacies in various fields. This resulted in the demand for the professionalism of employees in the implementation of
government affairs. But in reality, employee professionalism has not been fully realized. This is due to the fact that the number of employees has not meet the
needs of the agency, which has not been adjusted to the workload of the agency.
In order to analyse the workload to compile the need for civil servants, the government through the Ministry of Administrative Reform issued a Decree of the
Minister for Administrative Reform Number 75 of 2004 concerning Guidelines for Calculation of The Number of Employee Needs Based on Workload. This decision
serves, as a reference for each government agency in calculating employee needs based on workload in order to compile the need for civil servant formation
within that agency. The purpose of this decision is to improve the quality of employee planning, especially in the preparation of rational formations in order to
create an effective and efficient government administration.
To carry out fundamental reforms and changes to the government administration system, especially concerning institutional aspects, human resources for appa-
ratus and management as well as building state apparatus so that they are able to carry out their respective missions, duties and functions and roles in a clean,
effective and efficient manner, in the context of improving better public services and considering that each government agency is required to compile the required
number and type of positions for Civil Servants and Government Employees with Work Agreements based on job and workload analysis, the Minister for Admin-
istrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform issues a Ministerial Regulation for Administrative Reform State and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020 Concerning

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Guidelines for Job Analysis and Workload Analysis. At the time when this regulation was issued and implemented, the Decree of the Minister of Administrative
Reform Number 75 of 2004 concerning Guidelines for Calculation of Employee Needs Based on Workload was repealed and no longer valid.
In general, every government agency has great expectations of its employees so that they can carry out their responsibilities for their work optimally. Therefore,
the role of civil servants is very important because they are the prime mover in helping government agencies to achieve their vision, mission, goals and strategies.
Thus, the results of the workload analysis can be used as a benchmark to increase work productivity as well as steps in order to improve the development,
refinement and utilization of employees in terms of staffing. This effort can be achieved by carrying out a workload analysis in every field in government agencies
consistently and continuously and preventing the possibility of overlapping work, waste and shifting of responsibility when something goes wrong at work.
Pontianak Regional Development Planning Agency is responsible for regional development planning for the City of Pontianak. The main task of the agency based
on Pontianak Mayor Regulation Number 95 of 2020 is to assist the Mayor in carrying out government affairs, which are the authority of the region, and to assist
tasks in the field of development planning as well as the field of research and development. In order to achieve the vision and mission of the Mayor and Deputy
Mayor of Pontianak City, the agency has a very important role in making it happen. The link between the main tasks and functions of the Regional Development
Planning Agency lies in the mission contained in the Pontianak City RPJMD.
To achieve the targets of the Pontianak RPJMD mission, the agency must manage its employees properly. Adjustment of position allocation and workload can
provide motivation to employees. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out job and workload analysis to determine the number of employees needed based on
the existing workload. The Head of the General and Apparatus Subdivision carried out the implementation of job and workload analysis at the agency at the
beginning of the position preparation along with the Personnel Management staff. Changes to employee workload analysis will be made if there are additional
tasks and functions for each Head of Sub-Division or Field.

STUDY OBJECTIVES
This research aims to find out and analyse the workload of employees in Planning and Finance Sub-Division at the Pontianak Regional Development Planning
Agency.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Position and Workload Analysis,
workload is defined as a number of work targets or target results that must be achieved in a certain time unit. According to Hart and Staveland in Dilla (2020),
workload is something that arises from the interaction between the demands of the work environment tasks where it is used as a workplace, the skills and
perceptions of workers. Workload is sometimes operationally defined on factors such as; demands of the task or the efforts made to do the job.
According to Koesomowidjojo (2017), there are several indicators to find out how much workload employees should carry. Some of these indicators, namely: (1)
working conditions; (2) use of working time; and (3) targets to be achieved. Meanwhile, the workload indicator is based on the understanding of workload from
the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Job and Workload Analysis which includes:
(1) job descriptions; (2) total load for each task; and (3) task completion time.
According to Koesomowidjojo (2017) there are two factors that affect workload, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors are those that affect
workload, which originating from within the body as a result of external workload reactions such as gender, age, body posture, health status (somatic factors),
motivation, satisfaction, desire, or perception (psychological factors). Meanwhile, external factors are factors that come from outside the employees, such as: 1)
Work environment; related to the chemical, psychological, biological, and physical work environment; 2) Physical tasks; matters relating to tools and aids in com-
pleting work, job responsibilities, even to the level of difficulty encountered when completing work; 3) Work organization; length of time used to work, work shifts,
breaks, career planning and payroll/wages.
Excessive workload can have an impact on employees. According to Nurwan (2017), too much workload will result in both physical and psychological work stress
and emotional reactions, such as headaches, indigestion and irritability. Workload analysis aims to determine how many employees are needed to complete a job
based on the number of working hours used. Ardana, et al. (2012) explains that workload analysis is the determination of the amount of labor required to complete
a job within a certain period of time. Meanwhile, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020
Concerning Guidelines for Job and Workload Analysis, workload analysis is a management technique that is carried out systematically to obtain information re-
garding the level of effectiveness and efficiency of organizational work based on work volume.

METHODOLOGY
The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a quantitative approach. According to Siswanto (2012), descriptive research is carried out
by collecting data to get an overview of the research results. The results of the descriptive research are limited to describing the existing problems. Furthermore,
according to Sinambela (2014), the descriptive method is also called the survey method, where this method generally, in addition to describing a phenomenon,
also tries to describe relationships, test hypotheses, predict and see the implications.
Meanwhile, Sugiyono (2019) states that quantitative research is research based on the philosophy of positivism, which is used to examine certain populations or
samples, the data collection uses research instruments, the data analysis is quantitative, with the aim of testing established hypotheses. In a study there are
research subjects who will be used as samples from a population. Because of the small number of populations, the researched used saturated sampling technique,
which is all members of the population are sampled. The population and sample in this study were all employees in the Planning and Finance Sub-Division, totaling
of 3 people.
Data collection can be done in various ways and sources. Data collection techniques used in this study includes observation, interviews and documentation. The
data analysis steps in this study follow the steps for carrying out workload analysis based on the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic
Reform Number 1 of 2020 Concerning Guidelines for Job and Workload Analysis. The method used to calculate workload analysis and the number of employee
needs in this study is the task-by-position approach method in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number
1 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Job and Workload Analysis.
Information needed to calculate using this method, namely: 1) Job descriptions along with the amount of workload for each task; 2) Task completion time; 3)
Number of effective working hours per day on average. Therefore, the formula used to analyse workload and employee needs in the Planning and Finance Sub-
Division at Regional Development Planning Agency of Pontianak based on this method is:
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑥 𝑇𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑥 1 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
The results of calculations with this formula will later determine the amount of workload for the position, which also determines the number of employees for the
position. After conducting an analysis using the workload calculation, the next step is to draw conclusions from the results of data analysis and provide solutions
or suggestions to the Regional Development Planning Agency of Pontianak for the workload in the Planning and Finance Sub-Division.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this study the variable used was the workload of employees in the Planning and Finance Sub-Division of the Regional Development Planning Agency of Pontianal.
The indicators measured by the workload variable are indicators of the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Number 1 of 2020
concerning Guidelines for Job and Workload Analysis which includes job descriptions, amount of workload for each task and task completion time.
Effective working time is working time that is effectively used by employees to work. The effective working time consists of working days and effective working
hours. To carry out workload analysis, it is necessary to calculate working days and effective working hours, which are useful as measurement tools. Effective

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working days are the number of working days in a year minus the number of holidays and leave in a year. Calculation of the effective working days of employees
at the agency can be seen in the following table.

TABLE 1: CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WORKING DAYS IN ONE YEAR

Employee Work Day Number of Days Total
Number of days according to calendar 365 days
Number of Saturday and Sunday in a year 104 days
Number of public holiday and national leave 9 days
Number of employee leave days 12 hari
Number of public holiday and leave days 125 day
Number of Effective working days 240 day
The number of effective working hours can be seen in the table below

TABLE 2: CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE WORKING HOURS IN ONE YEAR

Employee Working Hours Number of Hours Total
1 working day 8,25 hours (495 minutes)
Spare time (free time) 2 hours (120 minutes)
Total 1 working day 6,25 hours (375 minutes)
Number of Effective working days 240 days
Effective working hours 1500 hours (90.000 minutes)
Based on the results of observations that the researchers conducted on the three employees during working hours, they spent more time completing work than
using it for free time. The results of observations made by researchers on the use of employee working hours can be seen in the following table.

TABLE 3: TOTAL USE OF WORKING HOURS BY PLANNING AND FINANCE SUB-DIVISION EMPLOYEES
Position
Performance Accountability Report Analyst Treasurer Financial Report Manager
Days of Observation
(1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3)
Minutes Minutes Minutes
1 434 130 564 504 86 590 336 204 540
2 467 65 532 523 72 602 627 78 705
3 583 112 695 490 62 552 449 110 559
Total 1.484 307 1.791 1.517 220 1.744 1.412 392 1.804
Average 495 102 597 506 73 581 471 131 601
Notes: 1) Number of working hours; 2) Spare time (free time); 3) Number of working hours in one day (1) + (2)
Based on Table 3, the Position of Treasurer has the most working hours used for work, namely 506 minutes and the least use of working hours for free time (spare
time), namely 73 minutes when compared to employee in the Position of Performance Accountability Report Analyst who use working time to work for 495
minutes and free time for 102 minutes as well as Financial Report Manager who has working hours of 471 minutes and for free time for 131 minutes. Even so, the
working hours of the three employees in a day exceed the set working hours (overtime) as a result of the excess workload they have. Comparison of effective
working hours of employees in a day based on workload volume and observation results can be seen in the following table.

TABLE 4: COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVE WORKING HOURS OF EMPLOYEES IN A DAY BASED ON WORKLOAD VOLUME AND OBSERVATION RESULTS
Effective Working Hours Based on
No. Position
Effective Working Hours (minutes) Workload Volume (minutes) Observation results (Minutes)
1. Performance Accountability Report Analyst 375 565 495
2. Treasurer 375 586 506
3. Financial Report Manager 375 542 471
The effective working hours of employees per day based on the volume of workload in Table 4 is calculated by dividing the volume of workload by the number of
effective working days a year. Therefore, the effective working hours of employees per day based on the volume of workload and the results of observations for
the Performance Accountability Report Analyst Position is 565 minutes or 9 hours 25 minutes and 495 minutes or 8 hours 15 minutes, Position of Treasurer is 586
minutes or 9 hours 46 minutes and 506 minutes or 8 hours 26 minutes and Position of Financial Reporting Manager is 542 minutes or 9 hours 2 minutes and 471
minutes or 7 hours 51 minutes. The difference between the effective working hours and the volume of workload and the results of the observations show that the
volume of employee workloads does exceed the effective working hours, which can be concluded that employees work more than the effective working hours as
the observations show.
The excess workload can affect the health of employees and the employees in the three positions feel this. Based on the interviews and observations that the
researchers conducted with the three employees in the Planning and Finance Sub-Division, this excessive workload made them have to work overtime to complete
the workload on time. As a result of frequent overtime, they revealed that sometimes they often feel stressed due to the many tasks they have to complete. Apart
from that, the Head of the Planning Sub-Division sometimes demands that every employee finish the job as soon as possible and this makes the employee feel
under pressure, which also triggers the stress.
To overcome the excess workload, a workload analysis is needed to find out the needs of employees based on the amount of existing workload. The results of the
workload analysis calculation for the Performance Accountability Report Analyst Position, Treasurer Position, and Financial Report Manager Position is used to
find out how many employees are needed from the total workload and number of available employees, which is shown in the table below

TABLE 5: NUMBER OF EMPLOYEE NEEDED IN THE PLANNING AND FINANCE SUB-DIVISION

Position Workload Volume Effective Number of Number of Employee Employee
Working Hours Employee Needed Provided Shortage
Performance Accountability Report Analyst 135.600 90.000 1,5067 1 0,5067
Treasurer 140.520 90.000 1,5613 1 0,5613
Financial Report Manager 129.960 90.000 1,4440 1 0,4440
According to Table 5, it can be seen that there is a shortage of staff in the Accountability Report Analyst Position of 0.5067 people, Treasurer Position of 0.5613
people and Financial Report Manager Position of 0.4440 people. This staff shortage could have occurred because the volume of the main employee workload was
initially large and had to be added to the volume of additional task workloads from positions that had no employees. The shortage of staff in the Performance
Accountability Report Analyst Position could be caused by the added workload of the Planning Analyst Position.
The same thing also happened to the Position of Treasurer and Position of Financial Report Manager where a shortage of employees could be resolved by adding
a Financial Management employee to lighten the workload of the two positions because employees in these two positions received additional workload from the

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Position of Financial Management. Therfore, it is necessary to add the right employees to overcome the excess workload that occurs in the Planning and Finance
Sub-Division. In addition, it is also necessary to develop competencies for existing employees to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of employees in com-
pleting their work to improve the performance of employees and agencies.

CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that:
1. The employee's workload is considered to exceed the supposed workload. This can be seen from the results of the calculation of workload analysis using the
task-by-position approach method that the workload for the Performance Accountability Report Analyst is 135,600 minutes or 1.5067 people, the workload
for the Treasurer is 140,520 minutes or 1.5613 people and for the Financial Report Manager is 129,960 minutes or 1, 4440 people.
2. Excessive workload and not in accordance with the ability of employees will have a negative impact on employees if not resolved immediately. The impact
can be in the form of work stress both physically and psychologically and other emotional reactions. If this is allowed to drag on, it will result in employee
performance going down and agency goals will be difficult to achieve.
3. This excessive workload results in the average employee working outside of the regulated working hours (overtime).

REFERENCES
1. Ardana, I Komang., dkk. (2012), Human Resource Management, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
2. Dilla, Rochima. (2020), “Analysis of Employee Workload in the Government Section of the District Office of Pekanbaru”, Journal of Management (JOM) FISIP
Vol. 7, Issue 1.
3. Koesomowidjojo, Suci R. Mar'ih. (2017). Practical Guide to Compiling Workload Analysis, Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses.
4. Nurwan, Teddy Marliady., (2017), “Workload Analysis of Employees in Cimalaka District, Sumedang Regency”. Journal of Regional Public Administration
(JRPA) Vol. 2, No. 1.
5. Sedarmayanti., (2016). Human Resource Management Bureaucratic Reform and Management of Civil Servants. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
6. Sinambela, Lijan Poltak. (2014), Quantitative Research Methodology; For Administration, Public Policy, Economics, Sociology, Communication and Other
Social Sciences, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
7. Siswanto, Victorianus Aries (2012), Research Strategies and Steps, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
8. Sugiyono. (2019), Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Methods, Bandung: Alfabeta.

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A STUDY ON IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AND THE RISK BEARING CAPACITY OF INVESTORS IN
PUDUCHERRY REGION
(AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO SELECTED RESIDENTS IN PUDUCHERRY)

Dr. P. KATHAVARAYAN
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
RAAK ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE
PERAMBAI

ABSTRACT
This paper is to study the impact of demographic variables and the risk bearing capacity of investors in Puducherry region. This study deals with investors’ pattern
of Stocks, Debentures, gold and silver, real estate, Bank deposits and Life insurance etc. The study is conducted through primary data with a sample of 356 respond-
ents from Puducherry region. The convenience sampling technique has been used for the study. The core objective of this study is to analysis demographic variables
and the risk bearing capacity of investors. The data has been collected done by interview schedule from the selected respondents. Chi-square, and percentage
analysis have been used for analysis. The results of the study show that Chi square find the demographic variables and risk bearing capacity association between
age, gender, monthly income, marital status; education is significant association at 5% level of significance.

KEYWORDS
Investors, demographic, perception, investment, savings.

JEL CODES
G11, G21, G40, G41.

INTRODUCTION

I nvestment for strategy, generated to motivates on shareholder towards select the utmost of favorable avenues which can support from the fiscal aims in a
specific time. Particular kinds of savings deliver additional profits to the shareholder. This research deals with the investment preferences towards different
investment avenues.
Natarajan (2005) “the investment purchase of assets which are expected to yield a certain stream of income. Purchase of assets like shares and securities as
investments aims at stable return over a period of time”. Avadhani (1996) “investment refers to the acquisition of some assets. It also means the conversion of
money into claims on money and use of funds for productive and income earning assets. In essence, it means the use of funds for productive purpose, for securing
some objective like income, appreciation of capital or capital gains, or for further production of goods and services with the objectives of securing profits”.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
“Bertha and Yohanes. (2018) the study titled on “Demography factors, financial risk tolerance, and retail investors” and absorbed on investors’ awareness level
towards capital market. The investigators collected 162 respondents adopting convenient sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this study are per-
centage and Chi square test. The chi square result exposes that there is association demographic variables on financial risk tolerance on investors. The study
inferred that income variable has a significant positive partial influence on financial risk tolerance.
Chhapra and Kashif. (2018) the study titled on “An empirical investigation of investor’s behavioral biases on financial decision making” and study absorbed on
investment preference on investor. The researcher collected 250 respondents adopting convenient sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this study
are percentage analysis and multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression analysis result reveals that there is no significant impact between investors’
behavior and investment decision. The study inferred that five independent variables two variables overconfidence and hindsight biases have impact on invest-
ment decision.
Dickason and Ferreira (2018) titled on “A study on the awareness of mutual funds investment in India Establishing a link between risk tolerance, investor personality
and behavioural finance in South Africa” The researcher collected 1171 respondents adopting random sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this
study are simple percentage method and ANOVA. The ANOVA result there is a significant difference between investor personalities and behavioural finance. The
study concluded that behavioural finance within investor profiling is becoming eminent to financial companies.
Pokharel (2018) the study titled on “A Survey of Investors Preference on Stock Market: A Case of Nepal Stock Exchange” and study absorbed on investment
preference on investor in Nepal. The researcher collected 106 respondents adopting convenient sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this study are
percentage analysis. The result reveals that investors' perception regarding the influencing factors for the investment decision in secondary market of NEPSE is
the advice of brokers and then movement of indices. The study shows that demonstrated that investors were found to have investment interest in secondary
market.
Heena and Baser (2019) the study titled on “Interactive Impact of Demographic Variables and Personality Type on Risk Tolerance” and study absorbed on demo-
graphic variables impact on investors risk tolerance. The investigators collected 329 respondents adopting convenient sampling technique. The data are analysed
used in this study are percentage analysis and multiple regression. The multiple regression result reveals that there is significant impact between demographic
variables and risk tolerance. The study indicates that personality type and demographic variables such as gender, marital status, occupation and income are found
significant and age and education are found insignificant.
Shilpa and Umamaheswari (2019) titled on “An Analytical Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Funds” and study absorbed on investors’ preference on
mutual fund. The investigators collected 103 respondents adopting convenience sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this study are percentage
analysis, chi square and correlation. The correlation result reveals that there is significant relationship between influencing factor and investors’ perception. The
study inferred that investor of middle-income level agrees that regular income and liquidity of the investment in mutual fund.
Athira and Kakkakunnan (2020) titled on “Impact of Demographic Traits and Personality Traits of Investors on Their Risk-Bearing Capacity: A Study with Special
Reference to Investors of Kerala” and study focused demographic traits on risk bearing capacity. The investigators collected 120 respondents adopting convenient
sampling technique. The data are analysed used in this study are percentage analysis, Chi square test and correlation. The correlation result reveals that there is
a significant relationship demographic traits and personality traits. The study inferred demography and personality have a strong influence on an investors risk
bearing capacity.
Solanki. (2020) the study titled on “An Analytical Study Of Investors’ Preference Towards Different Investment Avenues – With Reference To Saurashtra Region”
and focused on investors preference on investment pattern. The investigators collected 452 respondents adopting convenience sampling technique. The data are
analysed used in this study are percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The ANOVA result reveals that there is a significant difference between demographic variables and
preference of investment avenues. The study concluded that majority of the respondents preferred gold and silver followed by bank deposit for their investment”.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To examine the Preferences of Investors on selected Investment Avenues.
2. To evaluate the awareness of investors towards different investment avenues.
3. To analyse the association between the demographic variables and the risk bearing capacity of investors in Puducherry region.
4. To analyse the investors’ perception towards nature of investments with respect to their demographic profile.
5. To examine the factors affecting investors’ behaviour in selected Investment Avenue”.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

H01: There is no significant association between selected demographic variables and the risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
SUB HYPOTHESES
• Ho1.1: There is no significant association between age and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
• Ho1.2: There is no significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
• Ho1.3: There is no significant association between education and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
• Ho1.4: There is no significant association between occupation and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
• Ho1.5: There is no significant association between marital status and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
• Ho1.6: There is no significant association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The study is based on primary data which have been collected through pre-tested questionnaire from respondents from Puducherry region.
DATA SOURCES
The data obligatory for the study are primary in nature. Questionnaire method has been used for the collection of data in this concern through a structured
questionnaire and administered among the sample respondents. The secondary data have also been collected from the magazines, books, journals, and other
published work.
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
The questionnaire consists of three main parts. The first part covers the demographic profile of the respondents whereas the second parts of the questionnaire
cover the risk Bering capacity of the investor. The third parts of questionnaire cover the investor preferences and perception of investment respectively.
SAMPLING DESIGN
The Convenience sampling method has been used to choose the respondents from the Puducherry region. 590 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 412
questionnaires were received back from the respondents. After analyzing the questionnaire, 56 questionnaires were found incomplete and which were rejected.
Finally total 356 questionnaires were found valid for the purpose of this study.
STATISTICAL TOOLS
The analysis was carried out with percentage analysis and Chi-square test”

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TABLE 1: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS
STATUS RESPONDENTS PER CENTAGE %
Gender
Male 298 83.7
Female 58 16.3
Total 356 100
Age
Below 25 years 6 1.7
25 to 35 years 52 14.6
36 years 45 years 81 22.8
46 to 55 years 151 42.4
Above 55 66 18.5
Total 356 100
Education qualification
HSC 26 7.3
UG 322 90.4
PG 8 2.2
Total 356 100
Occupation
Student 5 104
Home maker 16 4.5
Government employees 79 22.2
Private employees 140 39.3
Business person 38 10.7
Self employed 48 13.5
Retired/ pensioner 30 8.4
Total 356 100
Marital status
Single 8 2.2
Married 315 88.5
Divorced 25 7.0
Widow 8 2.2
Total 356 100
Monthly income
Less than Rs.50000 24 6.7
Rs.50001 to Rs.100000 84 23.6
Rs.100001 to Rs.150000 126 35.4
Above Rs.150000 122 34.3
Total 356 100

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Table 1 shows that 83.7 per cent respondents are male and 16.3 per cent are female. The highest percentage of the respondents is 42.5 per cent which is 46-55
years age group followed by 22.8 per cent comes between 36-45 years, 18.5 per cent belong to above 55 years of age, 14.6 per cent belong to 25-35 years, and
remaining 1.7 per cent belongs to below 25 years. The education of the respondents having 90.4 per cent as UG. 39.3 per cent of the respondents are working in
private sector, 22.2 per cent of the respondents are working in government sector, 13.5 per cent of the respondents are involved in self-employment, 10.7 per
cent of the respondents are doing own business, 8.4 per cent of the respondents are retired/ pensioner, 4.5 per cent of the respondents are home maker, and 1.4
per cent of the respondents are students. In marital status 88.5 per cent respondents are married, 7 per cent are divorced, 2.2 per cent are single and remaining
2.2 per cent are widow. The monthly income of the respondents 35.4 per cent respondents are Rs. 100001 to Rs. 150000, 34.3 per cent respondents are Above
Rs. 150000, 23.6 per cent respondents are Rs. 50001 to Rs. 100000 and 6.7 per cent respondents are monthly income is Less than Rs. 50000.
RISK TAKING CAPACITY OF INVESTMENT
TABLE 2: RISK TAKING CAPACITY OF INVESTMENT
Particular Number of the Respondents Percentage of the Respondents
Very high 0 0
High 87 24.4
Moderate 142 39.9
Low 91 25.6
Very low 36 10.1
Total 356 100.0
Source: Primary Data
Interpretation
Table 2 shows that 39.9 per cent of the respondents take medium risk, 25.6 per cent of the respondents take low risk, 24.4 per cent of the respondents take high
risk, 10.1 percent of the respondents take very low risk, and no respondents take is very high risk. Thus, most of the respondent’s risk-taking capacity is medium
and no one want to take very high risk.
ANALYSIS OF CHI SQUARE TEST
Ho1.1: There is no significant association between age and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues.
1.1. Association between age and risk bearing capacity of investors.
TABLE 3
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Age wise of respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
Below 25 years 2 4 0 0 6
25 to 35 years 14 16 14 8 52
36 to 45 years 19 29 23 10 81
46 to 55 years 37 67 32 15 151
Above 55 15 26 22 3 66
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 4: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 32.599a 12 .001
Likelihood Ratio 30.255 12 .003
Linear-by-Linear Association 1.991 1 .158
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is inferred from the above table 4 that there is a significant association between age and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P value is less than
0.05,.05 per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 1.1 “There is no significant association between age and risk bearing capacity”, is rejected. Thus, age is associated
with risk bearing capacity.
Ho1.2: There is no significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues
1.2. Association between gender and risk bearing capacity of investors.

TABLE 5
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Gender wise of respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
Male 77 123 72 26 298
Female 10 19 19 10 58
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 6: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 18.452a 3 .000
Likelihood Ratio 19.529 3 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 17.031 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is clear from the table 6 that there is a significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P value is less than 0.01,.01
per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 1.2 “There is no significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity”, is rejected. Therefore, gender is
associated with risk bearing capacity.
Ho1.3: There is no significant association between education and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues

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1.3 Association between Education qualification and risk bearing capacity of investors.

TABLE 7
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Qualification wise respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
HSC 0 8 13 5 26
UG 83 130 78 31 322
PG 4 4 0 0 8
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 8: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 20.862a 6 .002
Likelihood Ratio 27.810 6 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 18.815 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is inferred from the table 8 that there is a significant association between educational qualification and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P
value is less than 0.05,.05 per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 1.3 “There is no significant association between qualification and risk bearing capacity”, is
rejected. Therefore, educational qualification is associated with risk bearing capacity.
Ho1.4: There is no significant association between occupation and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues
1.4. Association between occupation and risk bearing capacity of investors.

TABLE 9
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Occupation wise respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
Student 3 2 0 0 5
Home maker 5 7 2 2 16
Government employees’ 6 23 32 18 79
Private employees 32 56 39 13 140
Business Person 20 17 0 1 38
Self-Employed 12 22 12 2 48
Retired / Pensioner 9 15 6 0 30
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 10: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 68.399a 18 .000
Likelihood Ratio 79.863 18 .000
Linear-by-Linear Association 15.825 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is shown from the table 10 that there is a significant association between occupation and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P value is less than
0.01,.01 per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 1.4 “There is no significant association between occupation and risk bearing capacity”, is rejected. Therefore,
occupation is associated with risk bearing capacity.
Ho1.5: There is no significant association between marital status and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues
1.5. Association between Marital status and risk bearing capacity of investors.

TABLE 11
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Marital status wise respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
Single 2 4 1 1 8
Married 72 122 86 35 315
Divorced 9 12 4 0 25
Widow 4 4 0 0 8
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 12: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 12.297a 9 .197
Likelihood Ratio 17.196 9 .046
Linear-by-Linear Association 8.301 1 .004
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is shown from the table 12 that there is no significant association between marital status and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P value is more
than 0.05,.05 per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 3.3 “There is no significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity”, is accepted. Thus, marital
status is not associated with risk bearing capacity.
Ho1.6: There is no significant association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity of investors in selected investment avenues

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1.6. Association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity of investors

TABLE 13
Risk Bearing Capacity level
Monthly income wise respondents
High Moderate Low Very low Total
Less than 20000 4 8 8 4 24
20001 to 40000 27 38 15 4 84
40001 to50000 32 52 31 11 126
Above 60000 24 44 37 17 122
Total 87 142 91 36 356
Source: Primary Data

TABLE 14: CHI-SQUARE TESTS

Value df Sig. value
Pearson Chi-Square 17.378a 9 .043
Likelihood Ratio 18.794 9 .027
Linear-by-Linear Association 3.216 1 .073
N of Valid Cases 356
Source: Primary Data
It is depicted from the table 14 that there is a significant association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity. The analysis revealed that the P value is
less than 0.05,.05 per cent level of significance. Hence, H0 1.6 “There is no significant association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity”, is rejected.
Therefore, monthly income is associated with risk bearing capacity”.

FINDING OF THE STUDY

I. Profile of the Respondents
1. Age wise classification of the respondents: 42.4 per cent respondents are in the age of 46 to 55 years, 22.8 per cent of 36 to 45 years, 18.5 per cent are
above 55 years, 14.6 per cent of 25 to 35 and 1.7 per cent of respondents are below 20 years.
2. Gender wise classification of the respondents: 83.7 per cent respondents are male and 16.3 per cent are female.
3. Marital status wise classification of the respondents: 88.5 per cent respondents are married, 2.2 per cent are widow, 7 percent are divorced and 2.2 per
cent of the respondents are unmarried.
4. Educational wise classification of the respondents: 90.4 per cent respondents are Under Graduate (UG), 7.3 per cent of the respondents have Higher Sec-
ondary Class (HSC), and 2.2 per cent of the respondents have Post Graduate (PG).
5. Occupation wise classification of the respondents: 39.3 per cent respondents are working in Private sector, 22.2 per cent of the respondents are working in
government sector, 13.5 per cent of the respondents are involved in self-employment, 10.7 per cent of the respondents are doing own business, 8.4 per cent
of the respondents are retired/ pensioner, 4.5 per cent of the respondents do not have employment, and 1.4 per cent of the respondents are students.
6. Monthly income wise classification of the respondents: 35.4 per cent respondents’ annual income are between Rs.40001 to Rs.50000, 34.3 per cent of the
respondents monthly income above Rs.60000, 23.6 per cent of the respondents have monthly income between Rs.20001 to Rs.40000, and 6.7 per cent of
the respondents income belong below Rs. 20000.
7. Risk taking capacity of investor: 39.9 per cent respondents have risk taking capacity is medium 25.6 per cent of the respondents take low risk, 24.4 per cent
of the respondents takes high risk, 10.1 percent of the respondents takes very low risk, and no respondents take very high risk”.

ATTACHED FINDINGS OF ALL HYPOTHESES AN STATEMENT – WISE

TABLE 15
S.no Hypotheses H0 Accepted/
Result
Rejected
1 H03.1: = There is no significant association between age and risk bearing capacity of investors. Rejected Significant
2 H03.2 = There is no significant association between gender and risk bearing capacity of investors. Rejected Significant
3 H03.3 = There is no significant association between education and risk bearing capacity of investors. Accepted Not Significant
4 H03.4 = There is no significant association between marital status and risk bearing capacity of investors. Rejected Significant
5 H03.5 = There is no significant association between occupation and risk bearing capacity of investors. Rejected Significant
6 H03.6 = There is no significant association between monthly income and risk bearing capacity of investors. Rejected Significant

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1. The study is limited to Pondicherry region only
2. The sample size is having been for study considered only 356 respondents.
3. Respondents’ biasness is yet another limitation of the study. The result of analysis is carried out on the basis of information given by the respondents.
4. The study is mainly focused on limited investment avenues only
5. Investors were unwilling to answer several questions however with great difficulty the responses could get.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. The study mainly focused on the investment avenues which preferred by the investors
2. The analysis the impact of demographic variables and the risk bearing capacity of investors.
3. To identify investment behaviours which differ from individual to individual based on the acceptance of return and risk in Pondicherry.

SUGGESTIONS
• The study found that more than 90 per cent respondents are under graduate but they do not want to take risk to invest money in to stock market. It is
suggested that respondents should take risk to invest their money in to stock market to get more return.
• The study found that marital status and risk bearing capacity of investors is not significant. It is suggested that married investors can increase their risk bearing
capacity towards investment at different level.

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CONCLUSION
In the present scenario, investors are offered with an abundant supply of investment products, and selecting a suitable opportunity has become very difficult for
them. Investors have to choose how much to invest, where to invest, and when to invest. These decisions are usually driven by numerous aspects, and risk involved
in investing is the prominent one among them. This study was carried out to ascertain the impact of demographic factors and risk-bearing capacity of the investors
is significant association between age, gender, education, marital status and income shows highly significant towards risk bearing capacity at 1% level of signifi-
cance it means all demographic variables affects the risk bearing tolerance.

REFERENCES
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erence to Investors of Kerala”. Indian Journal of Finance and Banking. Vol.4, Issue. 2, July, pp. 1-15.
2. Avadhani, V.A. (1996). Investment management. Himalaya Publishing House. pp.24-25.
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search. Vol. 186, Issue 6, June, pp. 1-4.
4. Chhapra and Kashif (2018). “An empirical investigation of investor’s behavioral biases on financial decision making”. Asian Journal of Empirical Research. Vol.
8, Issue. 3, March, pp. 1-11.
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April, pp. 1-13.
7. Natarajan, L. (2008). Investment Management: Security Analysis and Portfolio Management. Margham Publications. pp.3-14
8. Pokharel (2018). “A Survey of Investors Preference on Stock Market: A Case of Nepal Stock Exchange”. The Saptagandaki Journal. Vol. IX, Issue 4, February,
pp. 1-9.
9. Shilpa and Umamaheshewari (2019). “An Analytical Study on Investors Perception towards Mutual Funds”. International Journal of Research and Analytical
Reviews Vol. 6, Issue 2, June, pp. 1-6.
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