VIKAS PRATISHTHAN’S

LATE TUKARAM DHONDIBA PATHARE

ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE SENIOR COLLEGE,
CHANDANNAGAR, PUNE-14

PROJECT REPORT ON:

BUDGET MANAGEMENT

ACADEMIC YEAR:- 2024-25

PROJECT PARTNER: Jadhav Kranti Rajendra

Totewad Manisha Dharmaji
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Jadhav Kranti

Rajendra & Totewad Manisha Dharmaji
Of S.Y.B.B.A.(CA) Sem-III has Successfully
completed the project work title as
"BUDGET MANAGEMENT" Prescribed by the
Savitribai Phule Pune University during
Academic year 2024-2025

HOD PROJECT GUIDE PRINCIPLE

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

 ABSTRACT
SR.NO CONTENT PAGE.NO
CHAPTER 1
1. . Introduction
2. .Motivation
3. .problem statement
4. .purpose
5. .objective
6. .goals
7. .litrate survey
8. .project scope
9. .limitation

CHAPTER 2
10. System analysis
11. Existing system
12. Project features
13. Stakes holders
14. Requirment analysis

SR.NO CONTENT PAGE NO

CHAPTER 3
15. .system design &design contraint
16. .system model DFD
17. .Data model
18. .user interfaces

CHAPTER 4
19. Incliment details &software
satisfaction

CHAPTER 5
20. Output and report testing
 INTRODUCTION
Buses are an integral means of public transport in India. In
metropolitan cities like Mumbai and Delhi, 10-15 million
people travel through public transport buses daily. Today, in
the era of Digital India (a campaign launched by the
Government of India) and Cashless Economy, public
transport needs to adapt the technology advancement.
Even though the public transport buses have been
providing fairly satisfactory services, there is a need for
smart and reliable system. The major problems experienced
by the passengers are undue waiting time at bus stops,
non-refund of balance, negligence to provide seat to other
passengers, etc. Thus, to provide an agile and smooth
ticketing experience, we have proposed the smart
application that will automatically allocate the seat to
passenger, can reserve ticket

digitally and mode of payment will be cashless thereby

promoting digitalization and smart cities initiatives. The
source of the user will be added automatically when
connected to the device installed at the bus stop. The user
can check the availability of seats, book tickets, get the seat
automatically through efficient novel algorithm and the
expected waiting time. If seats are not vacant, our
algorithm will efficiently allot the seat that will be vacant in
shortest time. The user will be able to book the ticket only
when they connect to the device installed at the bus stop
and will pay digitally through our portal thereby
experiencing very comfortable and smart booking bus
service. Users who do not have a smart phone will be able
to perform all the functions mentioned above via the
device installed at the bus stop. The ticket booking will
generate an acknowledgment which will act as an e-Ticket
that will be verified by the bus conductor. For the
convenience of the passengers speaking and understanding
different languages our application will be available in
multiple languages.
 MOTIVATION
A bus reservation system allows users to book tickets
from the comfort of their own homes, saving them
time and effort. With an automated system, the
process of ticket booking, seat selection, and payment
can be streamlined, reducing manual errors and
improving overall efficiency. Users can receive instant
updates on bus schedules, seat availability, and any
changes or delays, ensuring a smooth travel
experience. By providing a user- friendly interface and
seamless booking process, you can enhance customer
satisfaction and build a loyal customer base. A
reservation system allows for

efficient management of passenger data, ticket records,

and financial transactions, making it easier to track and
analyse important information. By integrating payment
gateways and offering additional services like travel
packages or seat upgrades, you can generate additional
revenue streams for your business
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Needed the problem statement for a bus reservation system
project involves developing a software application that
simplifies the process of booking bus tickets for passengers.
The current manual ticketing system can be time- consuming,
inefficient, and prone to errors. The aim of this project is to
create a user-friendly and automated system that streamlines
the ticket booking process, improves efficiency, and enhances
the overall travel experience.
The bus reservation system should allow users to search for
available buses based on their desired destination, date, and
time. It should display the available bus options along with
details such as the bus route, departure and arrival times,
and ticket prices. Users should be able to select their
preferred bus and reserve seats according to their
preferences. The system should also handle various payment
methods securely, allowing users to make online payments
for their reservations. It should generate e- tickets or booking
confirmations that can be easily accessed and presented by
passengers during their journey. Additionally, the system
should provide real-time updates on bus schedules, seat
availability, and any changes or delays. It should allow users
to modify or
cancel their reservations if, and provide appropriate refund
options.

PURPPOSE
The purpose of a bus reservation system is to provide a
convenient and efficient way for passengers to book
bus tickets and manage their travel plans. It aims to
simplify the ticketing process, improve customer
experience, and streamline the overall bus travel
system. One of the main purposes of a bus reservation
system is to eliminate the need for manual ticketing,
which can be time-consuming and prone to errors. By
providing an online platform, passengers can easily
search for available buses, check schedules, and
reserve seats from the comfort of their own homes or
on-the-go. This not only saves time but also reduces
the hassle of standing in long queues at ticket counters.
Key purpose of a bus reservation system is to enhance
the overall travel experience for passengers. It provides
a user- friendly interface that allows passengers to
easily navigate through different options, such as
selecting their preferred destination, date, and time.
The system provides real-time updates on bus
availability, seat availability, and any changes or delays,
ensuring that passengers are well- informed about
their travel plans. Additionally, the bus reservation
system aims to improve efficiency for both passengers
and bus operators. Passengers can quickly search for
buses that meet their requirements, compare prices,
and make secure online payments. This eliminates the
need for manual cash transactions and reduces the
chances of errors or discrepancies. For bus operators,
the system provides a centralized platform to manage
bus schedules, seat inventory, and ticket pricing. It
generates reports and analytics that help monitor the
performance of buses, track revenue, and manage
customer feedback. Overall, the purpose of a bus
reservation system is to provide a seamless and
convenient booking experience for passengers,
improve efficiency in the bus travel industry, and
enhance the overall travel experience. It simplifies the
ticketing process, saves time, reduces errors, and
ensures that passengers have all the necessary
information to plan their journeys effectively.
 OBJECTIVE
1. Simplify the ticketing process: The system aims to
make it easy for passengers to search for available
buses, check schedules, and reserve seats without the
need for manual ticketing.

2. Enhance customer experience: The system provides

a user-friendlyinterface for passengers to conveniently
book tickets, make secure online payments, and
receive real-time updates on bus availability and any
changes or delays.

3. Improve efficiency: By automating the ticketing

process, the system reduces the chances of errors,
eliminates the need for manual cash transactions, and
saves time for both passengers and bus operators.

4. Streamline bus operations: The system helps bus

operators manage schedules, seat inventory, and ticket
pricing in a centralized manner. It generates report and
Analytics to monitor performance and track revenue.
5.Provide conveniens and flexibility: Passengers can
easily search for buses that meet their requirements,
compare prices, and choose their preferred seats. The
system also allows for easy rescheduling or
cancellations, if needed.
 GOALS
1. Improve accessibility: The system aims to make bus
ticket booking accessible to a wider audience by
providing an online platform that can be accessed from
anywhere, anytime.

2. Enhance efficiency: The system strives to streamline

the ticketing process, reducing manual efforts and
increasing the speed and accuracy of reservations,
resulting in improved operational efficiency.

3.Increase customer satisfaction : By providing a user-

friendly interface, real-time updates, and convenient
payment options, the system aims to enhance the
overall customer experience and satisfaction.

4. Optimize resource utilization: The system helps bus

operators optimize their resources by effectively
managing seat inventory, bus schedules, and ticket
pricing, leading to better utilization of available
resources.
5. Generate insights: The system collects data on
passenger preferences, booking patterns, and revenue,
which can be used to generate insights and make
informed decisions to improve service quality and
profitability.

6. Ensure security and reliability: The system ensures

secure online transactions, protects customer data, and
provides reliable booking services, building trust and
confidence.
 LITRATE SURVEY
The purpose of a literature survey is to gather
information about the current state of the field,
identify gaps in knowledge, and understand the various
approaches and technologies used in the development
and implementation of bus reservation systems. In a
literature survey, you would typically review studies
and publications that discuss topics such as:

P: This includes examining different system

architectures, databases, algorithms, and technologies
used in building bus reservation systems.

2. User experience and interface design: Researching

how user-friendly interfaces and features can enhance
the overall user experience and improve customer
satisfaction.

3. Reservation algorithms and seat allocation

strategies: Understanding the algorithms and strategies
used to allocate seats, handle reservations, and
manage seat availability in real-time.
4. Payment and security mechanisms: Exploring
different payment gateways, encryption methods, and
security protocols employed in ensuring secure online
transactions.

5. Performance evaluation and optimization:

Analysing studies that evaluate the performance of bus
reservation systems
 PROJECT SCOPE
Designing an intuitive and user-friendly interface for
customers to search for bus routes, check seat
availability, and make reservations. Developing a
system to manage seat inventory, including seat
allocation, availability updates, and handling
cancellations or modifications.

Implementing a secure and efficient ticket booking

process, allowing customers to select seats, make
payments, and receive e-tickets or booking
confirmations.Creating a system for user registration,
login, and account management,enabling customers to
view booking history, manage personal information,
and receive notifications.

Building a dashboard for bus operators to manage their

schedules, seat inventory, pricing, and view booking
details. Developing an administrative panel to manage
system settings, user accounts, bus operator profiles,
and generate reports. Integrating with popular
payment gateways to facilitate secure online
transactions. Implementing real-time updates for seat
availability, bus schedules, and notifications to keep
customers informed about their bookings.
Incorporating reporting and analytics features to
generate insights on booking trends, revenue, and
customer preferences. Mobile Compatibility: Ensuring
the system is compatible with mobile devices, allowing
customers to make reservations and access their
bookings on-the-go.
 LIMITATION

1. Limited Accessibility: The system may not be

accessible to individuals without internet access or
those who are not familiar with online booking
platforms.

2. Dependency on Internet Connectivity: Users need a

stable internet connection to access and use the
reservation system, which may be a challenge in areas
with poor connectivity.

3. System Downtime: Technical issues or maintenance

may result in temporary unavailability of the
reservation system, causing inconvenience to users.

4. Limited Language Support: The system may only

support a limited

number of languages, potentially excluding non-English

speakers or individuals who are not proficient in the
supported languages.
5. Data Security Concerns: Users may have concerns
about the security of their personal and financial
information when making online bookings.

6. Limited Customization: The system may not offer

extensive customization options for bus operators,
restricting their ability to tailor the system to their
specific needs.
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Identify and document the specific needs and

expectations of the stakeholders, such as customers,
bus operators, and administrators. This includes
understanding the desired features, user roles, and
system constraints. Analyse the different use cases or
scenarios that the system needs to support. This
involves identifying the actors (users, bus operators,

administrators) and their interactions with the system

to achieve specific goals, such as searching for bus
routes, making reservations, and managing bookings.
Create a data model to represent the various entities
and relationships within the system. This includes
defining entities like buses, routes, seats, customers,
and their attributes, as well as the relationships
between them. Define the specific functionalities that
the system should provide, such as searching for
available buses, selecting seats, making payments,
generating e-tickets, and sending notifications. Identify
the non- functional requirements that describe the
system's performance, security, usability, and other
quality attributes. For example, the system should be
able to handle a certain number of concurrent users,
ensure data privacy, and have a user-friendly interface.
Based on the requirements, design the system
architecture, including the user interface, database
structure, and integration with external services like
payment gateways...
 EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing bus reservation system typically
involves a combination of online platforms, mobile
applications, and ticketing counters.
Passengers can visit the official website or
use the mobile app to search for available bus
routes, check seat availability, and make
reservations. They can also choose their preferred
boarding points and drop-off locations. Payment
options, such as credit/debit cards or mobile
wallets, are usually available for secure
transactions. After successful payment,
passengers receive e- tickets via email or SMS,
which they can show during boarding.
SCOPE & LIMITATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM

1. Limited availability: The system may only cover a

certain number of bus operators or routes, limiting the
options available to passengers.

2. Lack of real-time updates: The system may not

always provide real-time updates on seat availability or
schedule changes, leading to potential discrepancies.

3. Limited payment options: The existing system may

only support a limited range of payment options, which
may not be convenient for all passengers.

4. User interface limitations: The user interface of the

existing system may not be intuitive or user-friendly,
making it difficult for some users to navigate and make
bookings.
5. Customer support limitations: The existing system
may have limited customer support channels or
response times, which can be challenging for
passengers who encounter issues or need assistance.

It's important to note that these limitations may vary

depending on the specific bus reservation system in
question. The system's developers and operators
continually work to improve and address these
limitations to enhance the overall user experience
 PROJECT FEATURES
1. Search and Book Users can search for available bus
routes, select their preferred boarding and drop-off
points, choose travel dates, and book their tickets.

2. Seat Selection: Passengers can view the seating

layout of the bus and select their preferred seats based
on availability.

3. Real-time Availability: The system provides real-time

updates on seat availability, allowing users to see the
number of seats remaining for a particular bus.

4. Multiple Payment Options: Users can make payment

for their tickets using various methods, such as
credit/debit cards, net banking, mobile wallets, or UPL

5. E-ticketing: After successful booking and payment,

passengers receive electronic tickets via email or SMS,
which they can show during boarding.
6. Cancellation and Refunds: The system allows users
to cancel their bookings and provides information on
refund policies and procedures.

7. Schedule and Route Information: Users can access

information about bus schedules, departure and arrival
times, and the duration of the journey
 STAKE HOLDER

1. Passengers: They are the primary stakeholders who

use the system to search for bus routes, make
reservations, and manage their bookings.

2. Bus Operators: They are the companies or

organizations that provide bus services and use the
reservation system to manage their schedules, seat
availability, and ticket sales.

3. System Administrators: They are responsible for

maintaining and managing the bus reservation system,
ensuring its smooth operation, and addressing any
technical issues that may arise.

4. Payment Gateway Providers: These stakeholders

facilitate secure online payment transactions between
passengers and the bus reservation system.
5. Government Authorities: They may have an interest
in the bus reservation system to monitor and regulate
the transportation industry, ensure compliance with
regulations, and gather data for planning and analysis.

6. Travel Agencies: They may use the reservation

system to book bus tickets on behalf of their clients or
offer additional services related to bus travel
 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
(Function requirement, performance requirement security requirement)

. Functional requirement: The system should allow

users to create accounts and provide necessary
information such as name, contact details, and login
credentials. Users should be able to search for available
bus routes, select their preferred boarding and drop-off
points, choose travel dates, and book their tickets. The
system should provide a seating layout of the bus and
allow users to select their preferred seats based on
availability. The system should display real-time
updates on seat availability, showing the number of
seats remaining for a particular bus. The system should
integrate with various payment gateways to allow users
to make secure online payments for their ticket
bookings. After successful booking and payment, the
system should generate electronic tickets that can be
sent to users via email or SMS.
The system should allow users to cancel their
bookings within a specified time frame and provide
information on refund policies and procedures. The
system should provide users with accurate and up-to-
date information about bus schedules, departure and
arrival times, and the duration of the journey. The
system should allow users to manage their personal
information, view booking history, and update the
system should send notifications and alerts to users
regarding booking confirmations, changes in schedules,
or any disruptions in service.

.Perfomance requirements:
1. Response Time: The system should provide
quick responses to user actions such as
searching for bus routes, selecting seats, and
making bookings. It should minimize any
delay or lag in processing user requests.

2. Scalability: . the system It The should be

system should be able to handle a large
number of concurrent users without
experiencing performance designed to scale
and accommodate increased user demand
degradation during peak times.
3. Reliability: The system should be highly
reliable, ensuring that reservations are
accurately recorded, tickets are generated
correctly, and payments are processed
securely. It should minimize system downtime
and errors.

4. Availability: The system should be available

to users 24/7, allowing them to access and
use the reservation system at any time. It
should have appropriate backup and recovery
mechanisms in place to minimize service
disruptions.

5. Load Handling: The system should be able

to handle heavy loads during peak booking
periods without experiencing performance
issues. It should be capable of efficiently
managing a high volume of concurrent
bookings.
. Security requirement:
1. Keep user information safe by using strong
passwords and only allowing authorized
access.

2. Protect sensitive data, like personal details

and payment information, by encrypting it.

3. Make sure the system is always up-to-date

with the latest security patches and updates.

4. Regularly check for any vulnerabilities or

weaknesses in the system and fix them.

5. Have a backup plan in case of any data loss

or system failure.
6. Only give access to the system to people
who need it and make sure they have the
right permissions.

7. Keep an eye on the system for any unusual

or suspicious activity.

8. Train employees on how to use the system

securely and follow good security practices.
DESIGN SYSTEM & DESIGN CONSTRAINT

1. User Registration: Allow users to create

accounts to access the reservation system.

2. Bus Routes and Schedules: Provide a

comprehensive list of bus routes, along
with their schedules and fares.

3. Seat Selection: Allow users to choose

their preferred seats on the bus.

4. Ticket Booking: Enable users to book

tickets for their desired bus routes and
dates.
5. Payment Integration: Integrate a secure
payment gateway for users to make online
payments.

6. User Profiles: Allow users to manage

their personal information, view booking
history, and make changes or cancellations
if needed.

7. Notifications: Send booking

confirmations, ticket details, and updates
to users via email or SMS.

8. Admin Dashboard: Provide an admin

interface to manage bus routes,
schedules, fares, and user bookings.
9. Reporting and Analytics: Generate
reports on booking trends, revenue, and
other relevant data to help with decision-
making.

10. Security Measures: Implement strong

security measures to protect user data,
such as encryption, secure
authentication, and regular security
audits.
SYSTEM MODEL (DFD)
 DATA MODEL

A bus reservation system data model typically includes

entities like "Passenger," "Bus," "Route," and
"Reservation," where a passenger can make a
reservation on a specific bus for a designated route,
with key attributes like passenger details (name,
contact), bus information (capacity, type), route details
(origin, destination), and reservation status (confirmed,
cancelled) - essentially mapping out the relationship
between passengers, buses, and their travel routes
through a booking system.

(DATA MODEL-ERD)
 USER INTERFACES

1. Web Interface
1. Search and book: Search for buses, select seats, and
book tickets online.
2. Payment gateway: Integrate payment gateways for
secure transactions.
3. Ticket confirmation: Display ticket confirmation and
details.

2. Mobile App Interface

1. Login and registration: User login and registration
functionality.
2. Search and book: Search for buses, select seats, and
book tickets within the app.
3. Push notifications: Send push notifications for ticket
confirmations, bus delays, and other updates.
3. Kiosk Interface
1. Touchscreen interface: User-friendly touchscreen
interface for searching and booking buses.
2. Payment options: Integrate payment options like
card readers and cash acceptors.
3. Ticket printing: Print ticket confirmations and details.

4. Admin Interface
1. Dashboard: Overview of bus schedules, bookings,
and revenue.
2. Bus management: Manage bus schedules, routes,
and availability.
3. User management: Manage user accounts, bookings,
and payments.

5. Agent Interface
1. Login and registration: Agent login and registration
functionality.
2. Search and book: Search for buses, select seats, and
book tickets on behalf of customers.
3. Commission tracking: Track agent commissions and
earnings.
 INCLIMENT DETAILS & SOFTWARE
SPECIFICATION

1. User Interface:
- Intuitive and user-friendly interface for easy
navigation.
- Responsive design for seamless usage on different
devices (desktop, mobile, tablet).

2. Bus Routes and Schedules Management:

- Ability to add, edit, and delete bus routes.
- Manage bus schedules, including departure and
arrival times.
- Set and update bus fares for different routes.

3. Seat Selection and Booking:

- Interactive seat map for users to select their preferred
seats.
- Real-time seat availability updates & Secure booking
process with options for payment and ticket
confirmation.
4. User Management:
- User registration and login functionality.
- User profiles for managing personal information,
booking history, and preferences.
- Password reset and account recovery options.

5. Payment Integration:
- Integration with secure payment gateways tofacilitate
online transactions. - Support for multiple payment
methods (credit cards, digital wallets, etc.

6. Notifications and Alerts:

- Automated email or SMS notifications for booking
confirmations, ticket details, and updates.
- Reminders for upcoming trips or changes in bus
schedules.
7. Admin Dashboard:
- Secure login for administrators to manage the system.
- Manage bus routes, schedules, fares, and seat
availability.
- View and process bookings, generate reports, and
handle custome support.

8. Reporting and Analytics:

- Generate reports on booking trends, revenue, and
customer data.
- Analyse data to identify popular routes, peak booking
periods, and customer preferences.

9. Security:
- Implement strong encryption protocols to protect
user data and payment information.
- Regular security audits and updates to ensure system
integrity.
- Compliance with relevant data protection regulations.