th

Class 9
Social Science
Geography |population
Crafted with love
By Digraj Singh Rajput
 Geography |population

POPULATION

POPULATION GROWTH AND

POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
PROCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE
● Population Distribution by Numbers ● Population Growth
● Population Distribution by Density ● Processes of Population Change/Growth
(Birth rate, Death rate and Migration)

Adolescent Population

National Population Policy

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POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION

● An official document of population done periodically

India’s Population Size and ● First complete census in India held in 1881
Census
Distribution by Numbers ● Held regularly every tenth year, last census held in 2011
● Comprehensive document of Demography,Social and Economic
data.
● 1210 Million (121cr), 17.5% of the world population.
Size
● Distributed over 2.4% of the world area.

● Uttar pradesh is the most populous state and account 16% of the
country’s population.
Distribution ● (Uttar pradesh,Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra
Pradesh) account half of India’s population.
● Sikkim is the least populated Indian state
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India’s Population
Density Number of persons per unit
Distribution by Density
area.
● 2011 population density of India was 328 persons per sq/km
Factors Affecting Population ● Only Bangladesh and Japan have higher density than India.
Density Highest→State→ Bihar (1,102 persons per sq/km)/ UT→ Delhi (11,320)
● Terrain , Climate Lowest→State→ Arunachal Pradesh (17)/ UT→ Andaman & Nicobar Island (46
● Soil and Water
● Minerals and Rainfall

POPULATION GROWTH AND PROCESSES

OF POPULATION CHANGE

Change in the numbers of inhabitants of a

Population Growth
country/Territory during a specific period of time.
Absolute Obtained by subtracting the earlier
Increase population(2001) from the later population(2011)

Annual
The rate or pace of population increase in a given year.
Growth Rate
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There are three main processes of change of population :
Processes of Population Change/Growth
birth rates, death rates and migration

Number of live births per thousand persons in a year.

Birth rate
The birth rate, higher than the death rate in India, is a major factor in population growth.

Death rate Number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. The death rate decline, along with gradual birth rate
reduction since 1981, has slowed India's population growth.

Migration Movement of people across regions and territory.

Internal→ Within the country and states
International→ Between the countries
Reasons and Factors for
Migration
Push → Poverty, Unemployment, Overpopulation.
Pull→ Employment & Education opportunities, Better living conditions.

Internal migration affects population distribution, not size.The urban population has increased from
17.29%(1951) to 32%(2011). It has also led to a rise in 'million-plus cities' from 35 in 2001 to 59 in 2023.
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Adolescent Population
● Population in the age group 10-19 years.
● Constitute one fifth of the total India’s population.
● Important resource for future
Problem Faced→ Poor nutrition, Girls suffer from anemia
Solution→ Awareness through spread of literacy and education

National Population Policy

● Free and compulsory education up to 14 year of age.
● Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
● Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable
diseases.
● Promoting delayed marriages of girls.
● Family welfare programme
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The most significant features of the Indian population is the size of its.

A. Childrens

B. Infant

C. Adolescents

D. Old
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Key Words

Census: A census is an official count and survey of a

population, typically conducted at regular intervals. In Death Rate: The number of deaths in a population per
India, the first complete census was in 1881, and it has 1,000 people each year. It reflects mortality levels and
been conducted every ten years since then, providing overall health in an area.
detailed demographic, social, and economic data.
Migration : It refers to the movement of animals or
Density : it refers to the number of people per unit people from one place to another, usually in response to
area, like per square kilometer. environmental or seasonal factors.

Annual Growth Rate : It measures the percentage Internal Migration: Movement of people within the same
change in a value (like population) over the course of a country, from one region to another, often driven by
year. It is calculated by comparing the current year's economic or social factors.
value to the previous year's.
International Migration : Migration involving the
Birth Rate:: The number of live births in a population movement of people across country borders, typically due
per 1,000 people within a year. It is an important to factors like employment, education, or political reasons.
indicator of population growth.
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Key Words

Adolescent Population: In India, adolescents (ages 10-19)

make up one-fifth of the population and are key to the
country’s future. They face challenges like poor nutrition,
especially girls who suffer from anaemia.

National Population Policy: The National Population

Policy of 2000 focuses on improving health, education,
and family planning. It aims to reduce infant mortality,
promote education, and encourage responsible
parenting.
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What do you know about the size and distribution of India's population on the basis of
the 2011 Census?

According to the Census 2011 data:

● UP with a population size of 199.5 million people is the most populous state of India.

● The Himalayan state of Sikkim has a population of just about 0.6 million and
Lakshadweep has a population of only 64 thousand people.

● Almost half of India's population live in just five states: (a) UP (b) Maharashtra (c) Bihar
(d) West Bengal and (e) Andhra Pradesh.
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What do you mean by growth of population? How is it calculated?

Growth of population or population growth refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of
a country during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.

It can be expressed in two ways:

● Absolute Numbers - It is obtained by simply subtracting the earlier population from the
later population. It is referred to as the 'absolute increase'.

● Annual Growth Rate - When the rate or pace of population is studied in per cent per
annum and increase is 2%, i.e., there was an increase of two persons for every 100
persons in the base population, this is referred to as the annual growth rate.
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What are the three main processes of change of population?

The three main processes of change of population are-birth rates, death rates and migration.

● Birth rate: It is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major
component of growth because in India, birth rates have always been higher than the
death rates.

● Death rate: It is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. The main cause of
the rate of growth of the Indian population has been the rapid decline in the death rate.

● Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration
can be internal (within the country) or international (between countries).
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What is migration? Which are the two types of migration? Describe the trends of
migration in India.

● Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.

● Migration can be internal or international.

● In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the push factor
in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural
areas and the 'pull' of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better
living conditions.
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What does the National Population Policy indicate?

● The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school
education upto 14 years.

● It reduces the infant mortality rate to below 30 per thousand live births.

● It helps in achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable

diseases.

● It has promoted delayed marriage for girls and has made family welfare a people-centred
programme.
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What is the main cause of the rapid population growth in India?

Explain the process of population change.

Write about the density of population of India.

Distinguish between population growth and population change.

How is migration a determinant factor of population change?

Elaborate on the Adolescent Population.

Which are the major components of Population Growth?

hy is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?