Index
S.N0 TOPIC
1 What is Biodiesel?
2 Procedure
3 Uses
4 Advantages
5 Disadvantages
6 Conclusion
7 Bibliography
What is bio diesel?
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based
diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl
(methyl or ethyl) esters, made by trans
esterification of vegetable oil or animal fat
(tallow), which can be used (alone, or
blended with conventional petrol diesel) in
unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Biodiesel is distinguished from the straight-
vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to
as "waste vegetable oil" "WVO" "used
vegetable oil" "UVO" "pure plant oil",
"PPO") used(alone, or blended) as fuels in
some converted diesel vehicles.
'Biodiesel" is standardized as mono-
alkyl ester and other kinds of diesel-
grade fuels of biological origin are not
included.
Procedure
1 .Measure 100 cm3 of vegetable oil into
the 250 cm3 flask. Weigh the flask
before and after to determine the mass
of oil you used.
2. Carefully add 15 cm3 of methanol.
3. Slowly add 1 cm3 of 50% potassium
hydroxide.
4. Stir or swirl the mixture for 10 minutes.
5. Allow the mixture to stand until it
separates into two layers.
6. Carefully remove the top layer (this is
impure biodiesel) using a teat pipette
7. Wash the product by shaking it with 10
cm3 of distilled or deionised water .
8. Allow the mixture to stand until it
separates into two layers.
9. Carefully remove the top layer of
biodiesel using a teat pipette.
10. Weigh the amount of biodiesel you
have collected and compare it to the
amount of vegetable oil you started with.
Uses
Biodiesel fuel is a renewable energy
source that can be made from soy
beans grown for fuel, or from cooking
oils recycled from restaurants. This
means it is a renewable resource unlike
petroleum-based diesel
There is an excess production of
soybeans in the United States;
therefore biodiesel is an economic
way to utilize this surplus.
Biodiesel is less polluting than
petroleum diesel. Compared to
petroleum diesel, biodiesel produces
less soot (particulate matter), carbon
monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons ,
and sulphur dioxide.
The absence of sulphur in 100%
biodiesel should extend the life of
catalytic converters.
Biodiesel fuel can also be used in
combination with heating oil to heat
residential and industrial buildings.
This can reduce dependence on
non-renewable and increasingly
expensive heating oil.
Biodiesel burns cleaner & is made
of non-toxic chemicals so it does not
give out poisonous fumes, unlike
the ordinary fuel.
Advantaqes
• Biodiesel burns up to 75% cleaner
than petroleum diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel reduces unburned
hydrocarbons (93% less), carbon
monoxide (50% less) & particulate
matter (30% less) in exhaust fumes, as
well as cancer-causing PAH ( 80% less
• Sulphur dioxide emissions are
eliminated (biodiesel contains no
Sulphur).
• Biodiesel is a plant-based & using it
adds no extra CO 2 greenhouse gas to
the atmosphere .
• The ozone-forming (smog) potential
of biodiesel emissions is nearly 50%
less than petrol-diesel emissions.
• Nitrogen oxide emissions may
increase or decrease with biodiesel
but
Disadvantaqes
• Biodiesel is currently about one and
a half times more expensive than
petroleum diesel fuel. Part of this
cost is because the most common
source of oil is the soybean, which
only is only 20% oil. However, the
costs of biodiesel can be reduced by
making biodiesel from recycled
cooking oils rather than from new
soy beans, or by making it from plant
matter with higher oil content.
• It takes energy to produce biodiesel
fuel from soy crops, including the
energy of sowing, fertilizing and
harvesting.
• Biodiesel fuel can damage rubber
hoses in some engines, particularly in
cars built before 1994. You should
check with the manufacturer before
CONCLUSION
Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel
manufactured from vegetable oils, animal
fats, or recycled restaurant greases. It is
safe, biodegradable, and produces less air
pollutants than petroleum-based diesel.
Domestically produced from
nonpetroleum, renewable resources, Can
be used in most diesel engines, especially
newer ones, Less air pollutants (other
than nitrogen oxides), Less greenhouse
gas emissions (e.g., B20 reduces CO 2 by
15%), Biodegradable, Non-toxic, Safer to
handle. Lower fuel economy and power
(10% lower for B 100, 2% for B20)
currently more expensive.
Bibliography
1. http//www.scribd.com
