PHYSICS

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
Session : 2024-2025

A Project Report

On

MOVING COIL
GALVANOMETER
Submitted by Amrit Kumar Jha Under the Guidance of
Class – XII-B Mrs.ANVITA BAJPAI
(Science) PGT (Physics)
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Amrit Kumar Jha
student of class XII (Science) has
successfully prepared the report on the
Project entitled “MOVING COIL
GALVANOMETER” under the guidance of
Mrs. Anvita Bajpai (PGT PHYSICS). The
report is the result of his efforts &
endeavours. The report is found worthy
of acceptance as final Project report for
the subject Physics of class XII-B
(Science).

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

--------------------------- --------------------------

Signature of Principal
----------------------

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Mrs. Anvita Bajpai as
well as our principal Mr. Yashdeep Rohilla.
Who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic “Report on
MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER”, which also
helped me in doing a lot of Research and I
Came to know about so many thing I am really
thankful to them. Secondly I would also like to
thank my parents and friends who helped me a
lot in finalizing this project within the limited
time frame

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 Index
S.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1 Certificate 2
2 Acknowledgemen 3
3 Index 4
4 Introduction 5
5 Principle and Construction 6-7
6 Theory 8-9
Advantages and
7 10
Disadvantages
8 Sensitivity and Accuracy 11-13
9 Bibliography 14

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Introduction
A galvanometer is an electromechanical instrument for detecting and
indicating electric current. A galvanometer works as an actuator, by
producing a rotary deflection (of a "pointer"), in response to electric
current flowing through a coil in a constant magnetic field. Early
galvanometers were not calibrated, but their later developments were
used as measuring instruments, called ammeters, to measure the
current flowing through an electric circuit.

Galvanometers developed from the observation that the needle of

a magnetic compass is deflected near a wire that has electric
current flowing through it, first described by Hans Oersted in 1820.
They were the first instruments used to detect and measure small
amounts of electric currents. André-Marie Ampère, who gave
mathematical expression to Ørsted's discovery and named the
instrument after the Italian electricity researcher Luigi Galvani,
who in 1791 discovered the principle of the frog galvanoscope –
that electric current would make the legs of a dead frog jerk.

Sensitive galvanometers have been essential for the development of

science and technology in many fields. For example, they enabled long
range communication through submarine cables, such as the earliest
Transatlantic telegraph cables, and were essential to discovering the
electrical activity of the heart and brain, by their fine measurements of
current.

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 Principle
When a current carrying coil is suspended in a
uniform magnetic field it is acted upon by a torque.
Under the action of this torque, the coil rotates and the
deflection in the coil in a moving coil galvanometer is
directly proportional to the current flowing through
the coil.

Construction

The suspended type consists of a rectangular coil of thin insulated

copper wires having a large number of turns. The coil is suspended
between the poles of a powerful horseshoe magnet by a suspension
fibre of phosphor-bronze. A spring is attached to the other end of
the coil.
The current enters the coil through the fibre and leaves the coil
through the spring.
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8
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 Advantages and
Disadvantages
Advantages of Moving Coil Galvanometers:

They are not affected by strong magnetic

field. They have the high torque to weight
ratio. They are very accurate and reliable.
Their scales are uniform.

Disadvantages of Moving Coil Galvanometers:

The change in temperature causes a change in restoring
torqu e. Restoring torque cannot be easily changed.

There is a possibility of damage to the phosphor bronze fiber or helical

restoring spring due to severe stresses.
Such instruments can only be used for measurement of direct current
quantities and cannot be used for measurement of alternating current
quantities.

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11
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 For greater accuracy of the galvanometer, the ratio di / i should be small.
It is small when the deflection is large. Thus for greater accuracy, the
deflection in the galvanometer should be large for small current in it.
As the expression of accuracy does not contain the terms n, A, B and k the
accuracy is independent of the number of turns of the coil, the area of the
coil, the magnetic induction and constant for the spring.

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 Bibliography

www.google.com/images
www.wikipedia.com
www.hemantmore.org.in
www.brainkart.com

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