1

Title (2022)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author Jr., Member, IEEE


editing service can help you refine the use of English in your
Abstract—This document provides a guide for preparing article, so you can communicate your work more effectively.
articles for IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters. Use this
document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word.
Otherwise, use this as an instruction set. The electronic file of II. GUIDELINES FOR MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
your article will be formatted further at IEEE. Titles should be When you open the template, select “Page Layout” from the
written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), (these
Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short instructions assume Microsoft Word. Some versions may have
formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B").
Do not write “(Invited)” in the title. Full names of authors are
preferred in the author field but are not required. Put a space
between authors’ initials. ORCIDs can be provided here as well.
In the title, all variables should appear lightface italic; numbers
and units will remain bold. Abstracts must be a single paragraph.
In order for an Abstract to be effective when displayed in IEEE
Xplore as well as through indexing services such as Compendex,
INSPEC, Medline, ProQuest, and Web of Science, it must be an
accurate, stand-alone reflection of the contents of the article.
They shall not contain displayed mathematical equations,
numbered reference citations, nor footnotes. They should include
three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help
readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such
phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search
engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is
Fig. 1. This is a sample of a figure caption.
grammatically correct.

Index Terms—Enter keywords or phrases in alphabetical order, alternate ways to access the same functionalities noted here).
separated by commas. Then, type over sections of the template or cut and paste from
another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style
I. INTRODUCTION menu is in the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word

T HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word. This window (e.g., the style at this point in the document is “Text”).
template is a guide to formatting; your proof and final Highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain
published version may vary in layout and length to style, and then select the appropriate name on the style menu.
conform to IEEE policy and style. Page count is an estimate; The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change
the length of your submitted article in the template may not be the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited
the same as when the formal proof is created by IEEE number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline.
This contains a formal set of editorial guidelines for IEEE IEEE will do the final formatting of your article. If your
Transactions, Journals, and Letters, including: article is intended for a conference, please observe the
conference page limits.
This is intended as an authoring template, not a final
● punctuation; production template. It is not intended to match the final
● capitalization; published format. Differences in final formatting are likely in
● abbreviations; the final IEEE files. Page count in the template is an estimate.
● section headings; Do not adjust line and character spacing to fit your paper to a
● numbers, equations; specific length.
● footnotes;
● biographies;
● some common mistakes; A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
● units of measurement. Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in
Communicate your work clearly. If you are not fully the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not
proficient in English, consider using an English language have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods
editing service before submitting your article. An expert should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.”
Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are

unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
 2

III. MATH IV. GUIDELINES FOR GRAPHICS PREPARATION

AND SUBMISSION
Use Microsoft Equation Editor or other tool for formatting
and placing equations,
TABLE I A. Types of Graphics
THIS IS A SAMPLE OF A TABLE TITLE The following list outlines the different types of graphics
published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on
their construction, and use of color / shades of gray:
1) Color/Grayscale Figures
Figures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of
black/gray. Such figures may include photographs,
illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.
2) Line Art Figures
Figures that are composed of only black lines and
shapes. These figures should have no shades or half-
A. Equations tones of gray, only black and white.
3) Tables
Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in Data charts which are typically black and white, but
parentheses flush with the right margin of the column, as in sometimes include color.
(1). First use the equation editor to create the equation. Then
select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write
the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations B. Multipart Figures
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, These are figures compiled of more than one sub-figure
or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid presented side-by-side or stacked. If a multipart figure is made
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they up of multiple figure types (one part is line art, and another is
are part of a sentence, as in grayscale or color), the figure should meet the stricter guidelines.
Bp + H2 = 40. (1)
C. File Formats for Graphics
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined Format and save your graphics using a suitable graphics
before the equation appears or immediately following. processing program that will allow you to create the images as
Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged Image
unit tesla). When referring to an equation or formula, use File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format (.PDF), JPEG,
simply “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the or Portable Network Graphics (.PNG). These programs can re-
beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .” size them and adjust the resolution settings. If you created your
source files in one of the following programs you will be able to
submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF,
B. Algorithms or PNG file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or
Algorithms should be numbered and include a short title. Microsoft Excel. Though it is not required, it is strongly
They are set off from the text with rules above and below the recommended that these files be saved in PDF format rather than
title and after the last line. DOC, XLS, or PPT. Doing so will protect your figures from
common font and arrow stroke issues that occur when working
on the files across multiple platforms. When submitting your
final files, your graphics should all be submitted individually in
one of these formats along with the manuscript.

D. Sizing of Graphics
Most charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5
inches / 88 mm / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches / 181
millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic can be
is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing the
depth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures
can be sized between column and page widths if the author
chooses, however, it is recommended that figures not be sized
less than column width unless when necessary.
The final printed size of author photographs is exactly
1 in wide by 1.25 in tall (25.4 mm x 31.75 mm / 6 picas x 7.5
picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 in
wide by 2 in tall (40 mm x 50 mm / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).
 3

E. Resolution labels should be legible, approximately 8- to 10-point

The proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type.
type of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures”
section. Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures 2) Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables
should be at least 300dpi. Line art, including tables should be Multipart figures should be combined and labeled
a minimum of 600dpi. before final submission. Labels should appear centered
below each subfigure in 8-point Times New Roman
F. Vector Art font in the format of (a) (b) (c).
In order to preserve the figures’ integrity across multiple
computer platforms, we accept files in the following J. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Article
formats: .EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts must be embedded or text When referencing your figures and tables within your article,
converted to outlines in order to achieve the best-quality use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a
results. sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be
numbered with Roman numerals.
G. Color Space
The term “color space” refers to the entire sum of colors that K. Submitting Your Graphics
can be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your article, all
the three main color spaces are grayscale, RGB figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of
(red/green/blue), and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black). your article. However, if you do place your figures within the
RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas article, they should be placed at the top of the page, closest to
CMYK is used for printing purposes. the first mention in the text. Figures should be submitted as
All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color individual files, separate from the manuscript in one of the file
space. Grayscale images should be submitted in grayscale color formats listed above. Place figure captions below the figures;
space. Line art may be provided in grayscale OR bitmap place table headings above the tables. Do not include captions
colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and “bitmap file as part of the figures, or put them in “text boxes” linked to the
format” are not the same thing. When bitmap color space is figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your
selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended file formats. figures.

H. Accepted Fonts Within Figures L. Color Processing / Printing in IEEE Transactions,

When preparing your graphics, IEEE suggests that you use Journals, and Letters
one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman, All IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author
Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, or Symbol. If you are supplying to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore at no charge, and
EPS, PS, or PDF files, all fonts must be embedded. Some automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In
fonts may only be native to your operating system; without the most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed
fonts embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this
missing. service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend
A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the to have print color graphics, you will have the opportunity to
fonts before you save the files, creating “outline” type. This indicate this in the Author Gateway and will be contacted by
converts fonts to artwork which will appear uniformly on any PubOps to confirm the charges.
screen.
V. CONCLUSION
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion
I. Using Labels Within Figures
may review the main points of the article, do not replicate the
1) Figure Axis Labels abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on
a) Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. the importance of the work or suggest applications and
Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write extensions.
the quantity “Magnetization” or “Magnetization M,”
not just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label APPENDIX
axes only with units. For example, write
“Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (A ¿ m−1),” Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.
not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of
quantities and units. For example, write REFERENCES AND FOOTNOTES
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” A. References
b) Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (103 References need not be cited in text. When they are, they
A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation.
because the reader would not know whether the top Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets.
axis label means 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page
 4

numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not [1] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of
feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, no. 1, pp. 34–39,
use “Ref.” or “reference” except at the beginning of a Jan. 1959, doi: 10.1109/TED.2016.2628402.
sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use [2] E. P. Wigner, “Theory of traveling-wave optical laser,” Phys. Rev., vol.
automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at 134, pp. A635–A646, Dec. 1965.
[3] P. Kopyt et al., “Electric properties of graphene-based conductive layers
the end of the paper using the “References” style. from DC up to terahertz range,” IEEE THz Sci. Technol., to be published,
Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2544142. (Note: If a paper is still to be
own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The reference published, but is available in early access, please follow ref [5]).)
numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. In all [4] R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication
of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,”
references, the given name of the author or editor is abbreviated Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.
to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use them all; use et [5] D. Comite and N. Pierdicca, "Decorrelation of the near-specular land
al. only if names are not given or if there are more than 6 authors. scattering in bistatic radar systems," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,
early access, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2021.3072864. (Note: This format is
Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate used for articles in early access. The doi must be included.)
conference titles. When citing IEEE Transactions, provide the [6] H. V. Habi and H. Messer, "Recurrent neural network for rain estimation
issue number, page range, volume number, month if available, using commercial microwave links," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.,
vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 3672-3681, May 2021. [Online]. Available:
and year. When referencing a patent, provide the day and the https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9153027
month of issue, or application. References may not include all
information; please obtain and include relevant information. Do Basic format for books:
not combine references. There must be only one reference with J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of Published Book, xth ed.
each number. If there is a URL included with the reference, it can City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch.
be included at the end of the reference. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.
Other than books, capitalize only the first word in an article
title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For articles Examples:
[7] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, 2nd
published in translation journals, please give the English citation ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp.
first, followed by the original foreign-language citation. See the 15–64.
end of this document for formats and examples of common [8] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA, USA:
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
references. [9] Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution.
Chicago, IL, USA: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1987, Accessed on: Feb. 28,
B. Footnotes 2010, [Online]. Available: http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert |
Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the Basic format for handbooks:
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev.
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see State, Country, year, pp. xxx-xxx.
Table I).
Examples:
[10] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in [11] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor
Products Inc., Phoenix, AZ, USA, 1989.
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the [12] R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. modeling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012.
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” In most
cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are Basic format for reports:
J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev.
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here. State, Country, Rep. xxx, year.

REFERENCES Example:
[13] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the
Basic format for periodicals: earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech.
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year, doi: 10.1109.XXX.1234567.

Basic format for conference proceedings:

Periodicals using article numbers: J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf.,
J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, Abbrev. State (if given), Country, year, pp. xxxxxx.
Abbrev. Month, year, Art. no. xxxxx, doi: 10.1109.XXX.1234567.
Examples:
Examples: [14] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched passively coupled
single-mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, Boston, MA,
USA, 1985, pp. 585–590.
[15] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for
1 interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
Sensors, Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the
footnote information into the text.
 5

[16] PROCESS Corporation, Boston, MA, USA. Intranets: Internet Author, Date published or disseminated, Year. “Complete title, including
technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productivity. ed./vers.#,” distributed by Publisher/Distributor, http://url.com (or if DOI is
Presented at INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available: used, end with a period)
http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
Example:
Basic format for electronic documents (when available [27] T. D’Martin and S. Soares, 2019, “Code for Assessment of Markov
online): Decision Processes in Long-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling of Single-
Issuing Organization. (year, month day). Title. [Type of medium]. Available: Reservoir Systems (Version 1.0),” Code Ocean, doi:
site/path/file _1.24433/CO.7212286.v1

Example:
[17] U.S. House. 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res.
1, Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action. [Online].
Available: LEXIS Library: GENFED File: BILLS

Basic format for patents:

J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day, year.

Example:
[18] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,” U.S.
Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.

Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):

J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City
of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept.,
Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

Examples:
[19] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect.
Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
[20] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium
nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka,
Japan, 1993.

Basic format for the most common types of unpublished

references:
J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.

Examples:
[21] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[22] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” 2014,
arXiv:2105.02824.
[23] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer
arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

Basic formats for standards:

a) Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
b) Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.

Examples:
[24] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[25] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

Basic format for datasets:

Author, Date, Year. “Title of Dataset,” distributed by Publisher/Distributor,
http://url.com (or if DOI is used, end with a period)

Example:
[26] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, “Treatment
Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009,”
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, doi:
10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.

Basic format for code: