chapter 7

ATiS
1A A._NA

1 '
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\ ,l

•
'l

PROGRESSIO
r.::Jl S y ll a b u s N
. :. .~ k:'.:'.: ;
: :;: ,::::::::;:;: ; : ::::
!RQGRESSIONS: A
. of ...!4-L
rithmetic Pro9r~ss
ion - Pi
:: :· : : : = = = = : : :::1
}ftSeTt10lt ATIUJm u • n?>i11 a the th te f
tfflfl ~ GP alW
etic Mean. Geomet . ·u 11 •
msertion of Geomet nc Progression _ Phwi :rm~to ·,AP,thanb Slim to 11th temt of A •
110 lKJe lt term ofG
ric Mean. P.
P anb Slt.»t to 'n'
P R()G
-----~---·· - RESSION...:MEA
--"~- - ·- -·
-·
•
NIN
..
,.
G •

A number of term
s succeeding on
Progression. A Sequ e another in a de .._
_ -
¥
•

ence or a Progress finite order, constit

..
.4 - - ...
:l

For example, 1, 2 io n is a group of num ute a Sequence or

, 3, 4, 5, 6 ...... be rs fo rm ed according to a defini a
counting numbers su .... form a sequence te rule.
cceeding by + 1 where the rule is
~ d in g term is ob . S imilarly 2, 5, 8, 11 that the numbers are
tained by adding , 14, 17 .......... is a
Likewise 3, 6, 12, + 3 to its previous se quence where each
24, 48, 96, 192 number except the
.. .. .. .. .. is also a first number.
(except the first) is ob sequence where th
tained by multip e rule is, each num
, Thus, "A set of lying 2 to its prev ber
numbers arrang ious nu m be r•
,Progression is also ca ed according to a de
ll ed a finite rule is calle
• Sequence." d a Progression. A
The numbers which p
rogress (continue) d .
t:.. ..:
1: 4\ ;h num
. . on a efiin1t• e ru1e l•s called a progression.
~ ber 1n a given .
ion 1s calledd "term of the progression" an d on their position in
• .
sequence they are call pstrogress2n d d
\' \enn is denoted as 'a ed l term, term, 3r term an t terms General
SO on O n .
ly in progressio ns
' and the last term th •
as 'l' or " term.

(ending), it is called a finite sequence.

·ns 5 terms•
 When the terms of a sequence are unending (unlimited) the
Sequence.
Ex : 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ......... .

•ARI,TR..mu'l'IIC PROGRESSION~;--~AP)':'-~:·\ ·~·-~~~:::,::i~7:~-'"::f~:•,~.7' :·"':~~---~•.n•,x,➔~~

- -·
~& •__....__. ......,_..,.... -- - -------- ... - -
•
-~
••
....._ .. ~. - " ~
~ ~ -- ~ ~ . . , . "-.u.M/.oir,,~
ti. .......... :.... ·~
·t sn • ''\+::,: .,..... '"/4 . .~1
, .•

Arithmetic progression is a sequence whose terms increase or decrease by a constant number

called the common difference. It is a sequence in which each term is obtained by adding a constant
number to the preceding term.
The constant additive in an A.P. is called Common Difference. It may be positive or negative.
The common difference is denoted as 'd'.
Thus, d= Any term (Except the first)-lt's previous term= T2 -T1 = T 3 -T2 etc.
Ex: (1) 2,.4, 6, 8, 10 ......... .
r

where, d = 4 - 2 = 6 - 4 = 10 - 8 = + 2 (positive)
' ' _. _, ·- ·,
(2) I 00 + 95 + 90 + 85 + 80 + . . . . . . . . . . ~

d = 95 - 100 = 90 - 95 = 85 _ 90 = _ 5 (negative)
General Representation and ntb Term of an A.P.
Let us take an A.P whose first tenn is 'a' and common difference is 'd'. The A.P can be
represented as:
the first term is 'a' (where d = O)
the second term is a + d
(Constant additive is added to first tenn)
the third term is (a + d) + d = a + 2d
(Constant additive is added to the second tenn)
the fourth term is (a + 2d) + d = a + Jd n1 d soon)
the fifth term is (a + 3d) + d = a + 4d d (dis added to 3 tenn an
an so on.
The above tenns can be written generally as :
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d
This is known as general representation ;/~· ~ p
1~ ••
term = T1 = a + (1 - 1) d
~n. ⇒ a +d
. 2nd tenn =T2 =a + (2 - 1) d
=T3 =a + (3 - 1) d ⇒ a+ 2d
3rd term
a+3detc.
4th tenn =T 4= a+ (4 -1 )d ⇒
nth tenn = Tn = a + (n - 1) d.
and . .
th term of an A.P 1s giv
en as
. wen Tn =a +( n- l)d
••
where a = first tenn, d =commo th
n difference
.
n = number of tenns Tn = n term
es Tn itself is las t term the n, the fonnula will be l = a + (n _ 1) d
Sometim
use d to find n
th
tenn, num ber of tenns, common difference or first
Note : The above formula is
terJil, ....... ,._. --~- ..... . --- ...
.-~,..,,...I/~ l ',.,~J~
~I-
._ ,, ;'
-, .-~_. '.°<" '1!"" - I l
• ·'

---on A:...P---•--- ·---

• t • : ~
•-
-· -~-
co./"· ,.._
.,t •.....t.. .....;,
•
..,-,,w.f t,,;.J.t.- .~..{._..."
_.,:,.,.1,v,,;,,...-,,Al~.-......,.,p11._;,
<'.;._,.._,_

,rob!~-~s____
..--. ._....,..

means
-c'1,11. -

-- ts : While solving progression problems first determine the type of progression. Thatd to test
Hin you nee
or G.P and then proceed. For this
in A.P
confirm whether the given numbers are e terms in the
com mo n difference or com mo n ratio among three or four consecutiv
whether there is
sequence.
th qu en c~ 18, 21 .... ....
Example 1. Find th 5 te of the se s
given e typ e of pro gression. Find common difference between term
Solution. Here it is not fl \
d=Any term (Except first) - Its pre
vious term = 18 - 15 = 3, 21 - 18
e, the given
3 as com mo n differenc e betwe en two consecutive t ~ Therefor
We are getting
sequence is in A.P.
ns =Sand 5 tenn i.e., Ts=?
th
a= 15, d = 3, n = num ber of ten
where
,
Tn =a + (n -1 ) d
[3~-1)3
Ts= 15 + (4) 3
;

Ts= 15 + 12
Ts= 27.
In thi • ve on add ing 3, the common difference to the first, second etc.
fenns it :.us •mple example, if we mo
1 1ook like.
'
r'Jrst tenn .
' a = 15
Second term .
a+ d= 15 +3 =1 8
'Iliird tenn . ' 21
(a+ d) + d =a + 2d = 15 + 6 =
Polllth tern : .
P'nt1t tenn. ' (a+ '2d) +
d =a + 3d = 15 + 9 = 24
15 + 12 = 27
£tanipJe ; . (a +st d) + d =a + 4d =
3
SoJUUon. It•isFind .
21 term of th e A.P 2, 4, 6, 8 .... ..
given the terms are in A.P. ..
Where =6 - 4 =8
a = 2, d = 4 - 2
 . T21 = 2 + 40
......
, ...
• ! T4 = 4~ ~ I •• •
Exa mp le 3. Find the 42nd term of 25, 21,
17, 13, .... ••
Solution. Here, d = 21 - 25 = 17 - 21 = 13 - 17 = - 4
a = 25, n =42 T42 =?
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
T42 =25 + (42 -1) (-4 )

T42 =25 + (41) (-4 )

T42 =2 5-1 64

T42 =-1 39 . .
Exa mp le 4. Fin d 12 ter m of the A.P -
th
21 - 24 - 27 - 30 .... .. .
Solution. Here, d = -2 4- (-2 1) = -27 -(- 24 )
= - 24 + 21 = - 27 + 24 = - 3
a = - 21 I
n = 12 T12 = ? '
Tn =a + (n - 1) d
T12 = - 21 + (12 - 1) (- 3)
'
_, T12 = - 21 + (11 ) (- 3)

T12 =- 21 -3 3

=- 54 T12
Example S. Find 9 term of - 29 - 25 - 21
th
- 17 .... ...
,....--~.......
Solution. d = - 25 - (- 29) = - 21 - (- 25)
=- 25 +2 9= -2 1+ 25 =+ 4
-..,
•
'
. - .. ~- .... \. -
• 4

.
a= ~2 9 n= 9 Tn =?
Tn =a + (n - l)d
T9 =-29 + (9 - 1) 4

T 9 = - 29 + (8) 4
T9 =- 29 +3 2
T9 =3
Example 6. Fin d the 2stl- ter m of the A.P
.! 2! 4! ~!
2' .2' 2'v 2 ......
Solution. Simplifying the sequence 0·5 2·5
where 4.5 '6·5
' ' '
''I
'
= ••
a O·S d 2·5 - 0·5 2 ••n••• 2
= = =
I Tn =a + (n - l)d
 T2s = 0·5 + (25 - 1) 2
T2 5 = 0-5 + (24)
2
T2 5 = 0.5 + 48

T2 5 = 48·5
st
te rm of th e se ri es 0·7 + 0·71 + 0·72 + •. ... ..
ie 1. Find the 21
EiantP = 0-01
ere, d = 0·71 - 0·7 = 0-72 - 0·71
Solution. H n = 21 T21 = ?
a= 0·7
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
T2 1 =0-7 + (21
- 1) 0-01
T2 1 =0-7 +- (20)
0·01
= 0-7 + 0-2
T2 1

T2 1 =0·9
es l ·2 + l ·7 + 2·2 + ...
....
th
te rm of th e se ri
Example 8. Find the 12 1· 7 = 0-5
n. Here d = 1·7 -1 ·2 = 2· 2-
Solutio
a = 1·2 n = 12 T 12 = ?
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
T1 2 = 1·2 + (1
2- 1) 0·5
T1 2 = 1·2 + (1
1) 0•5
T1 2 =1·2 + 5·5
T1 2 =6· 7
?
e A .P 7, 11, 15 .. .. .. is 63 the
Example 9. W hich te rm of th
ha ve to find out what is the place of 63 in
we
Tn or I is given as 63,
Solution. In this problem
~ven A.P. i.e. n. =?
Tn = 63 , a = 7, d = 11 - 7 = 4 n
Given
Tn =a + (n - 1) d
63 =7 + (n - 1) 4
63 = 7 + 4 n -4
6 3 -7 + 4 = 4 n
60 = 4n
60
n = - = 15.
4
Thus 63 is th 15th tenn of the series.
£lain e
Pie 10. What term of the A .P 7, 10, 13, .. .. ...
SoJuu
. He re tbe problem states the terms are in
on
T,. = 160, a = 7
T,. = a + (n - 1) d
. ·, r ~ H >1 b ..-i-,,

•t --- ~~ ~-~ ~~ ~~ 1-~ -0- --~ -+~ (-: -·- I_)

~-- .
J 160 - 7 =3n - 3
J 153 + 3 = 3n
lI n = 156 = 52
3

J .
••• 160 is 52nd term of the A.P 7, 10, 13 ...
Ex am ple 11. Wh ich ter m of the seri es
•· •
7, 10, 13 •··· ···
Sol uti on. Her e, the pro ble m does not stat
•
18 151 ~
•
I
:,
I

e the type of progression. T~e refo re typ e

ts firs t asc erta ine d. of progression

d= l0- 7= 13 -10 =3
The ref ore , the seri es is in A.P. where a=
-
Tn =a +( n-l )d
151 = 7 + (n- 1) 3
--- C
1 Tn =151 n = ?·

15 1-7 = 3n -3
144 + 3 = 3n
147
n= - =49
3
.-. 151 is 49th term of the given series.
Ex am ple 12. Wh ich ter m of
the series 99 + 92 + 85 + ....... is 15 ?
Sol uti on. Her e, the problem does not stat
e the type of progression. The refo re typ e
is :first asc erta ine d. of progression
d =92 - 99 = 85 - 92 = - 7
The refo re, the series is in A.P where a=
99 Tn = 15 n =?
Tn =a + (n - 1) d
15 =99 + (n- 1)- 7
15 - 99 = - 7n + 7
-8 4- 7 =-7 n
-91
n= -= 13
-7
th
.-. 15 is the 13 ten n of the series
Ex am ple 13. Wh ich ter m of the series -
4 -1 + 2 +
Sol utio n: 5 + •... ... fs2 J?
. d = - 1 - (- 4) = 2 - (- 1) = 5 _ =
As the re 1s com mo n difference the series 2 3 •
is in A.P.
wh ere a = - 4 T,. = 23 n = ? ,,,.
T,. = a + (n - 1) d
23 = - 4 + (n - 1) 3
 -
~n 23 +4 =3n -3
27 + 3 = 3n
30
n = - =1 0
3
.
. 10th tenn of the given series .
. 23 is
t4. Is 81 a ter m of th e se rie s 25 + 22 + 19 + 16 ..... ?
•• le uming 81
er 81 is a ten n of the series or not we have to fmd 'n • ass
I CnJ pn. Here, to fmd wheth ' ' h
er then we can say 81 is a ter
m of the
I
~uuo .. ~b
ve w ole nu
of the series. !f _we get_ n as po si~ 'n' (number
, i'JV
cti on or ne ga tiv e we say 81 1s not a term of the series as
~a teI1Il erwise if 'n' 1s 1n
·es om fra
.onfraor negativ
cti
. e. Thus,
¢1 • ot be in
JS) cann = 19 - 22 = - 3, n = ?
Tn = 81, a = 25, d = 22 - 25
0
frerlJ

Tn =a + (n -1 ) d
81 = 25 + (n -1 )- 3
81 - 25 = - 3n + 3
56 -3 =- 3n
53
-=n
-3
n =- 17 -6 6
..
ativ e as we ll as in fra cti on , 81 is no t a term of the given series
Asnisneg
npl e 15. Is 34 5 a ter m of th e sequence 6, 11, 16 ... ... . ?
Ew
Solution. d = 11 - 6 = 16 - 11 = 5,
.
feren ce be tw ee n terms . Th erefore the sequence is an A.P
There is common dif
where a = 6 Tn = 345 n = ?
Tn =a + (n - 1) d
345 = 6 + (n -1 )- 5
34 5- 6 = 5n -5
33 9+ 5 =Sn
34 4
n= = 68·8
5
Yle get n • fi . 5 is not a term of the series.
£tar n m raction, therefore 34
~uu: 16
• Is-ss a term of the series 10
lbe SCri.es is· A
+ s + 0- 5- 10 ... ... ?
d= S -1 0= 0- 5= -5 -0 =-
5

l11 .P where a = 10, T,. =

- 85 n = ?
T,. = a + (n - 1) d
- 85 = 10 + (n - 1) - 5
- 85 - 10 = - Sn + 5
 As n is a whole number - 85 is a tenn of the given series.
Example 17. Is 101 a term of the series S + 7 + 9 + •·····?
Solution. Let us assume 101 is a tenn of the given series.
where Tn=101, d=7-5=9-7= 2 ·a=5, n=?
Tn =a+ (n - 1) d
101 = 5 + (n - 1) 2
101-5 = 2n-2
. . '

96 + 2 = 2n -~

98
n=- = 49. I'

2
As 'n' is the whole number IO 1 is 49th tenn of the series.
Example 18. If there are 21 terms of an A.P where the first term is 9 and the last tenn b
359, find the 50th term.
Solution. Here a = 9 n = 21, Tn = T21 = l = 359
d =? Tso=?
On the basis of T21 = 359 first calculated. Then substituting d we can:find Ts0. Thus,
Tn =a+ (n - 1) d
T21 = 9 + (21 - 1) d

359 = 9 + (20) d
359-9 =20d
350
d= =17•5
20
Now, Tso=a+(n-1)d
Tso = 9 + (50 - I) 17•5
Tso= 9 + (49) 17·5
Tso = 9 + 857•5
Tso= 866·5
Example 19. Find the common difference of an A.P whose rmt term is S and 1211a tel'IP b
137. Also write A.P.
Solution. Given a = 5, T12 = 137 n = 12 d =?
Tn =a+ (n-1) d
137 = 5 + (12 - 1) d
137-5 = lid
 132 =lld
132
d= - =12
11
fbe A.P is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d •••••
5, 5 + 12, 5 + 24, 5 + 36 .......
5, 17, 29, 41 •••••••
g¢11Ple 20. H the 1~ term of an A.P is. ts and the 15th t!;r.Dl is 10, fmd 25
the th term
so1ution- Given Tw = 15, T,s = 10, T25 =?
1,et us consider Trn =a+ (10- 1) d ... (1)
15 =a+ 9d
Tis =a+ (15 - 1) d ... (2)
NoW consider
10 =a+ 14d
olve (1) and (2) simultaneously (Elimination method used)
S a+r
9d == 15 (By Subtraction)
I
a+ 14d== 10
; (:-) (-) (-2
-5d == 5
5
d== -== -1
-5

Put d =- 1 in ( 1)
a+ 9(-1 ) == 15
a-9= =15,

a== 15 + 9
a =24
Now, T2s = a + (25 - 1) d
= 24 + (24) (- 1)
=24 -24
term=Q
the ~pi e 21. If the 24 [25 of an A.P 1s 280 and the 11th term of the same A.P is 150, find
th

A.P and 20t11 term.

Solution. Given T24 = 280, Tu = 150,
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
T24 = a + (24 - 1) d ... (1)
280 =a+ 23d
Tu =a+ (11 - 1) d ...(2)
150 =a+ 10d
 Solve (1) and (2) simultaneously
a+ 23 d= 28 0 (B y Subtraction)
a+ 10 d = 150
(-) (-) (-)
13d = i30

d = 130 =10
13
~. ,
a+ 23 d= 28 0 ....
Pu td =l Oi n
a+ 23(10) = 280 '
..
a+ 23 0 =2 80
a =2 80 -2 30
a= 50
+ 2d, a + 3d .... .. .
Thus the A.P is a, a + d, a
50, 50 + 10, 50 + 20, 50
+ 30 .... .. .
50, 60, 70, 80, .... .. .
T20 =a+.(20.:... l)d I

=50 + (19) (10)

=5 0+ 190
T20 =2 40
th of an A.P are 7 an d 13 respectively, rmd the first term
Example 22. H the 3n1 and 6
terms
an d the common difference.
Solution. Given T3 = 7, T6 = 13, a = ? d = ?
T3 = a + (3 - 1) d
... (1)
7= a+ '2d
T6 =a + (6 -l) d
... (2)
13 =a +S d
Solve (1) and (2) simultaneo
usl y
a+ '2d =7
(Subtra cting) "V'
a+ 5d = 13 ~-

(-) (-) (-)

"'
-3 d= -6

d= ::! _= 2
-3
Putd=2in a+ 2d =7
a+2(2) =1
a+ 4= 7
 a== 3

th
a: :3 d: :2
•• Z3 If 10 term of an A pi s
~p
"Jodie ."
on, Giv en T _ 2• - 25 and 17th term is -
10 - - S, T 11 == - 46 46, fmd the A.P.
,,. T" == a + (n - l) d
T1 o= =a +( lO -l) d
-2 5 ==a+ 9d
Tn == a+ (l7 -l) d
-4 6 =a + 16d ... (1)
sowing (1) and (2) simultaneously
a+ 9d ==-25 ... (2)
a+ 16d =- 46
(-) (-) (+}
-7d :::: 21 (Subtracting)

21
= -- ==-
-7
Putd=-3in a+ 9d =- 25
a+ 9( -3 ) =- 25
a- 27 =- 25
a =- 25 + 27

Therefore, the A.P is a ~ a + 2d,

a+ 3d ...... .
2, 2- 3, 2- 6, 2 - 9
...... .
2, . - 1, -4 , - 7' ...... .
• -- ~~ == =: :: :i iii iii iii iii iii 1

l Which
2.
--
• tenn
t EXERCISE 1
of the series 6 + 11 + 16 + ·· ··· · 18
• 126?•
l [Ans. 251
Which tenn of the series 39, 36, 33 · · ·· is the zero ?
·· [Ans. 14th)
3, Which tenn of the series - 3, - 9, - 15
··· ··· is- 81 7 [Ans. 14th)
7 5
4. Which tenn of the series 3, 3•3 ".... ·15• - 1? [Ans. 7th)

S, ls 403 a term of the [Ans. Yesl \

'· ls 1·2 a tenn of [Ans. Nol \\
'· ls 138 a term of [Ans. Yes)
 ---- 7
·· -· ~ It o ~
15, .... ... ? [Ans. Yes] /
8. Is 81 a term of the sequence 3, 9,
+ 16 + .... ... ? [Ans. No]
9. Is 128 a term of the series 6 + 11 nd
in A. Pa re - 125 and 0. Wh at is the 42 ter m? [Ans. -25 ]
54 and 4 terms of a series
th th
10 . th
th Pis 10 and the 10 th
term is zero. Find the 20 term. [Ans·-20]
11 . Th e 5 term of an A.

Su m to 'n ' ter ms of an A. P.

oted as Sn.
Su m to 'n' terms of an A.P is den ... a + (n - 1) d the sum Sn is given
as
an A.P a, a + d, a+ 2d, a + 3d ....
Fo r a general form of
3d) + .. ••. • + (l - d) + l
Sn =( a)+ (a + d) +( a+ 2d) +( a+
[where l = last tennJ

This can be simplified as

. n
Sn = - [2a + (n - 1) d]
2
OR
n
Sn = - [a+ l] , .
2 f

st 10 natural nu). mbers. \•

Example 24 . Fin d the sum of fir \.
.:
10.
t 10 natural numbers are 1, 2, 3,..,,,4,_
.,!.• • • • • •
-~
So lut ion . Th e firs
, .... .... .,,..
-;d,- 1, n =10, l =10
where. . -•-- -;- ♦-) c F) /-a = 1, .,. _,
,-
1
\.

Sn= n [a +IJ
2
0
= ~ r1+10J
=5[111 - )

=5 5 S10
.
101 + 103 .... ... to 25 terms.
Example 25. Sum the series 99 + --- -- =25,
Here a= 99, d 10 1- =
99 103 - 101 2, n = = S 25 =?
Solution.
S,. = ; [2a + (n -1 ) dJ

Sz, = T [2 x( 99 )+ (2 5- 1) 2]

25
= 2[ 19 8+ 48 ]

= ~[ 24 6]
2
=2 S x 123
slJ •3 07 5
 ••" the series 1·2 + 1·7 + 2·2 + ••••.. to 45 terms
z6. SUJJl ~ •
1.'t:sJllPie a = 1·2, d =1·7 - l ·2 = 2-2 - l ·7 = 0-S,
Jr n =45, S4s =?
50Jlltioll• Sn = n [2a + (n -1) d]
2

S4s =245 (2(1·2) + (45-1) 0-5]

= 452 [2·4 + 22]
= ~ [24-4]
S45 =549
FJaDlPle z1. Find the sum of the sequence 5, 9, 13, ....... to 20 ~nns. ,
. a= 5, d = 9-5 = 13 - 9 = 4, n = 20 S20 =?
Solutton, ' •
n
Sn= -[2a+(n-l)d]
2
2
S20 = ; [2(5) + (20 -1) 4]

=10[10 + 76] : ',

S20 =860
Example 28. Find the sum of the A.P 4, 8, 12, 16 ...... 14~ - h ~~
Solution. Here the problem does not say to find sum of the series upto 148th term. But it does I '

mean to find the sum of the series 4, 8, 12 ..... which ends at 148. That means 148 is the last term and
not 'n'.
To solve this type of questions we need first to find 'n' and then proceed.
Given a =4, d =8 - 4 =4, •/ =148, n =? Sn =? I,

Tn or l =a+ (n - 1) d
148 =4 + (n - 1) 4
148-4 =4n-4
144+4 =4n
148
-=n
4
n=37
Now n
Sn= -[a +l] [because we know last tenn]
2
37
S31 = -[4+14
2
\1
l I
u
 37
,, ,~
.,, . .
..
..
-.,

•
= [152]
2
S37 = 2812 .
m of all even numbers between 20 and 760 both in c1~~
Example 29. Find the su 24, 26, ...... 758, 760,
• Even numbers between 20 and 760 are 20, 22,
Solution. 0, Sn =?
a = 20, d =2, n =?, I= 76
where
Tn = a (n -1 ) d
760 = 20 + (n - 1) 2
760 - 20 = 2n - 2
⇒ 2n=742
740+2 =2n
742
n=-
2
..
n =371
n
Sn= -[ a +I]
2
371
S311 = - [20 +760]
2

= E2ir1so
.
1
=371 X 390
S311 = 1;44,690
56.
am ple 30. Sum the serie s - 4 -1 + 2 + S + ... ... . +
Ex
Solution. 4
a = - , d = -1 - (- 4)
= 5 - 2 = 3, I= 56, n :?• s -?
II - •

T,, = a + (n - 1) d
56 =-4 + (n -1 ) 3
56+4 = 3n -3
60+3 =3n
63
n=-
3
n =21
n
s,, = 2la+JJ
21
S21 = 2l-4+56J

= Ecs21
2
S21 =546
 ~:IIIIPJe 31, Su111 the series 72 + 70
+ 68 + ... ... . + 40•
. sotutiOJI• Given. a= 72, d = 70 -
72 = 68 _ 70 = _ 2, n = ?, l = 40 Sn=?
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
/"
40 = 72 + (n - 1) - 2
40 -7 2 =- 2n -2 "
-3 2- 2 =- 2n
-3 4
-=n
-2
n =1 1
n
Sn = -[ a +l ] I
2
S11 = 17 [72 +4 0]
2
= _!2 [112]
2
ExaJIIPle 32. How JJ1llDYS11 =9 52
tenns of the series 5 + 9 + 13 +
.... ... must be taken to )llllke the
ir
equal to 152 ? s. = 152, a= 5, d = 9- 5 = 13 -9 = 4, n
=?
Solution. Here,
Sn = ~ [2a + (n -1 ) d]
2
152 = ~[2(5) + (n -1 ) 4]
2 [Cross Multiplication]
304 = n [ 10 + 4n - 4]
304 = 1On + 4n 2 - 4n
304 =4 n 2 +6 n [Solve as quadratic equation]
4n2 + 6n - 304 = 0
4nz + 38n - 32n - 304 = 0
211 (2n + l9 )- 16 (n + 19) = O
(2n - l6) (2n + 19) =0
2n -1 6= 0 2n + 19 =0
16 19
n=- n = .. ---
2 2
"cannot n
be negative · ·•· 8 ten=ns8of
the series
\
 • •---
••
~ l
_ _ ...
____
,
su m • .,. • - - ·_: '· - ~ ,
the L
s m ~ t be ~ dded to make e q u a lto te r . tb
- • •man:term o in
eSel'iq 7i
.m ple 3 3 . H ow 5, n ::::. ?
=_ o
E.xa "
a = 70, d = 6 5 - 7 0 60 - 65 = •' S,, :::: 0
+65 + 60 ••••• ••• •
Solution. Here, = n [2 a + ( n -
l) d ]
sn 2
(-5)
o= 2n [2 ( 7 0 ) + ( n - 1 )
] [By CrossA,tUltipJy·
o= n [140 - Sn + 5 111g]

= - 5 n + 145n
2
O
5n2 - 145n = 0
5n (n - 29) ~ 0 n-29=0
5n = 0 n=29
n=0
ro.
series m akes its sum equal to ze m o u n ts to 150
?
29 term s of th e 6, 30 .. .. .. a
s of an A.P. 42, 3
Example 34. Ho w m any term
2 = - 6, n = ?, Sn= 150
-4
ere, a = 42, d = 3 6
Solution. H
n - l) d ]
Sn= - [2 a + ( n
2
n
150 = [2(42)
+(n -1 ) ( - 6 )
2 lying]
[By Cross Multip
n + 6]
300 = n [84 - 6
2 6n
300 = 84n - 6n
+
2
300 = 90n - 6n dratic Equation]
0 [Solve as Qua
6n2 - 90n +300 = [L et us use fonnula
method]

2
-4 a c
n = :h ± ,/ h
2a
00)
90) ± J ( - 9 0 ) - ( 4 x 6 x 3
2
= ::._(-
2x6
0
== ~±./8100-120
12

::~±~
12 -

::: ~ ± 3 0
12