GENERAL MATHEMATICS

The development of this module aims to work on skills oriented towards working with
variables that affect common problems in the preparation of different food preparations.

With this work we will strengthen the general mathematical skills that contribute to
developing the mastery of mathematical language that allows solving problematic situations
that workers must master to address problem resolutions in the area of food preparation.

In the area of food processing, although the level of problematic situations that we propose
to solve is basic, we consider that those who operate in it need to strengthen capacities
oriented towards the use of mathematical concepts that enable them to operate (search;
identify; translate; justify, etc.) on the different situations that arise. With the development of
this module we seek to develop thinking, reasoning, quantification and interpretation skills in
situations in the area of food preparation by skillfully applying ratios, proportions,
percentages and the simple rule of three to adjust or transform the quantities of a formula or
recipe.

On the other hand, we seek to strengthen the ability to make measurements using units of
measurement from the decimal metric system and the English system and to make
conversions to different units and systems to plan, transform or generate recipes in food
preparation.
 RATIOS AND PROPORTIONS

DEFINITION:

A ratio is a comparison between two or more quantities. It can be expressed as a fraction. If

the quantities to be compared are a and b, the ratio between them is written as:

The term a is the antecedent of the reason and b, the consequent.

The result of the division or quotient between the antecedent and the consequent is
called the value of the ratio.

EXAMPLE:
BROWNIES
Chocolate for cup, 200 g
Butter, 50 g
Eggs, 2
Sugar, 150 g
Flour, 75 g
Baking powder, 2 tbsp
Salt, 1 pinch
Chopped walnuts, 100 g

The relationship between the amount of flour and the amount of sugar is:
cantidad de harina 75
=
cantidad de azucar 150
The relationship between the amount of butter and the amount of flour is:
cantidad de manteca 50
=
cantidad de harina 100
In both cases the established relationship is the exact quotient between the quantities which
has been expressed as a fraction.

75 1
Note that the relationship can also be expressed as = 0.5
150 2
50 1
The same goes for 7 = = 0.333....
100 3

Therefore the result of the relationship (quotient) between two ingredients is known
as ratio.

Exercises:

1. the ratio between 7 and 9 is: ___________; 7 is the antecedent and 9 is the
consequent the ratio between 2/4 and ⅖ is: ___________; 2/4 is the antecedent and
⅖ is the consequent
2. 7/2 is the ratio of 7 to 2; the consequent is 7 and the antecedent is 2
3. Calculate the ratio of the following values and complete the table

to 5 1/4 10,5 0,85 8 5/2

b 6 2/8 7,15 2/6 4 1,25

reaso 5/6 1 1,46 2,55 2 2

n

answer

4. The following recipe is for the preparation of a dessert with which 12 units of said
dessert are obtained:
● eggs 6 units
● sugar 250 grams
● vanilla essence ½ cubic centimeters
● flour 300 grams
● powdered sugar 2 cubic centimeter

a. According to the information above, what is the ratio between the amount of
flour and sugar? Answer: 300/250 = 6/5
b. What is the ratio between the amount of sugar and flour? Answer: 250/300
= 5/6
5. Calculate the ratio between the amount of flour and butter in the different doughs and
complete the tables:

Amount of Flour Amount of butter Reason

Puff pastry 600 g 600 g 1/1=1

 Frola 450 g 250 g 9 /5

Cookies 600 g 300 g 2

Half moons 600 g 250 g 12/5

6. complete the following table.

Amount of Flour Amount of butter Reason

cantidad de harina
cantidad de manteca

Puff pastry 90 g 80 g 9 /8

Frola 1050 g 300 g 7 /2

Cookies 1575 g 900 g 7 /4

Half moons 1500 g 150 g 2

7. A level cup of coffee with milk contains 150 g of flour (measurements are
approximate), the same level cup contains 260 g of sugar. What is the ratio between
the amount of flour and the amount of sugar contained in the cup? Answer: 150/260
= 5/12
 PROPORTIONS

Proportion is defined as the equality between two reasons. Many times in practice we are
presented with situations in which the value or quantity of one magnitude depends on the
value of the other, directly or inversely.

It is direct when increasing one of the magnitudes increases the other proportionally. That
is, if when multiplying or dividing one of them by a number, the other is also multiplied or
divided by that same number.

It is inverse when increasing one of them the other decreases proportionally, that is, when
multiplying one of them by a number the other is divided by the same number, or vice versa
when dividing one of them by a number the other is multiplied by the same number.

EXAMPLES

a. To prepare a certain amount of dough, 2 eggs and 50 g of butter are used; if 3 eggs
are used, 75 g of butter are needed.

With the indicated quantities we can establish the following relationship:

2 3
=
50 75
Thus, we say that the numbers 2, 50, 3 and 75 form a proportion.

b. In one of the many recipes for making country bread, the following quantities appear:

Flour 500 g
Yeast 25 g
Sugar 4g
Water 50 cm3
Fat 50 g
Warm water 180 cm3

If 1800 g of flour is used in the preparation of country bread, determine the quantity of yeast
needed and we know that the quantities must form a proportion, in which the quantity of
yeast is unknown, said value will be represented by an unknown that we can call X.

We set out the proportion using the data given in the recipe.

500 1800
=
25 X
Now we must find the value of X, expressing the previous equation like this:

500 × X =1800 ×25

Next we clear X:
 1800 × 25 45000
X= = = 90
500 500

And so we can affirm that in every proportion the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes.

a c
= , then
b d

a × d=b × c

500 ×90=1800 ×25

45000=45000

EXERCISES

1. Find the missing number in each of the following proportions for each of them to be
fulfilled.
35 1000
a. = = 35 × X=1000 ×20 ⇒ X=20000 ÷ 35=571 , 42
20 X
X 320
b. = = X × 90=320 ×150 ⇒ X=48000 ÷ 90=533 , 33
150 90
46 X
c. = = 46 × 46=X × X ⇒ X 2=2116 ⇒ X =❑√ ❑2116=46
X 46
2. In a preparation, 5 eggs and 150 g of sugar are used. Approximately how many
grams of sugar will be needed if 28 eggs are used?
a. 840 grams
b. 810 grams
c. 84 grams
d. 0.84 grams
3. A recipe for basic sponge cake includes:
Eggs 6
Sugar 250 g
'Essence of vanilla 2 ml
Flour 250 g
Baking powder 3g

Taking into account the quantities given, prepare a recipe in which they are used and
record them in the following table:

a. 6 eggs
b. 28 eggs
c. 62 eggs
d. 5 kg of flour
 eggs 6 28 62 5 120
(unit)

sugar 250 1166,6 2583,3 208,3 5000

(grams)

vanilla 2 9,3 20,6 1,6 40

essence
(ml)

flour 250 1166,6 2583,3 208,3 5000 grams

(grams)

baking 3 14 31 2,5 60
powder
(grams)

4. If we modify the previous preparation and add chocolate,

Eggs 6
Sugar 250 g
'Essence of vanilla 2 ml
Flour 250 g
Cocoa powder 50 g
Baking powder 3g

a. What is the relationship between the amount of cocoa and flour?

○ 1/2
○ 1/5
○ 50/260
b. If this dough needs to be prepared with 1000 grams of sugar, what is the
proportion that allows me to calculate the amount of eggs needed:
6 X
○ =
50 1000
250 X
○ =
6 1000
6 X
○ =
250 1000

5. For Italian meringue, the weight of sugar should be double the weight of the egg
2
whites (i.e. the ratio is ). If the average weight of each egg white is calculated to be
1
75 g, you want to prepare said meringue with 16 egg whites
a. What is the weight of the 16 egg whites?
○ 1200 grams
○ 16 grams
○ 600 grams
○ 0.75 kilograms
b. Approximately how many grams of sugar will be needed to prepare a
meringue with 16 egg whites?
○ 1200 grams
○ 2400 grams
○ 750 grams
○ 100 grams
 RULE OF THREE

The simple rule of 3 is an operation that helps us quickly solve proportionality problems, both
direct and inverse. To make a simple rule of three we need 3 data: two magnitudes
proportional to each other, and a third magnitude.

We will start by seeing how to apply it in cases of direct proportionality (when one magnitude
increases, so does the other).

In this way we will place in a table the 3 data (which we call "a", "b" and "c") and the
unknown, that is, the data that we want to find out (which we will call "x"). Then, we will apply
the following formula:

EXAMPLE:

To prepare 8 servings of a golden sponge cake, 115 g of flour are needed. How many grams
of flour will be needed to prepare 22 servings of the same sponge cake?

We organize the data in a table

Number of servings Amount of flour

(grams)

8 115

22 X

Since the magnitudes are directly proportional, we can write the equation as follows:

8 22
=
115 X

Next we clear X

(115 × 22)
X= =316 , 25
8
EXERCISES
 1. A 450 gram pionono is prepared with the following ingredients:

Eggs 600 grams

Sugar 120 grams
Honey 60 grams
Flour 100 grams

If 5 dozen piononos must be prepared: what is the minimum quantity of each of the
ingredients that must be recorded? Record the results in the following table

Amount Eggs Sugar Honey Flour

1 600 g 120 g 60 g 100 g

60 36000 g 7200 g 3600 g 6000 g

2. To prepare 5 servings of a dessert, 120 grams of flour are needed. How many grams
of flour will be needed for 22 servings?
a. 520
b. 620
c. 228
d. 528
3. A family of 6 people consumes 3 kilograms of rice in 2 days. How many kilograms of
rice does the family consume in 5 days if there are only 4 people?
a. 1 kilogram
b. 5 kilograms
c. 6 kilograms
d. 2 kilograms
4. To make a chesse cake you need the following ingredients for 10 servings:

For the dough:

Ground biscuits 200 grams

Brown sugar 100 grams
Unsalted butter 120 grams

For the filling:

Cream cheese 4 packs

Granulated sugar 300 grams
Cup of milk 150 milliliters
Eggs 4 units
Cup of sour cream 200ml
Vanilla Essence 1 tablespoon
Zest of 1 lemon -----------------
Flour 300 grams
 Determine the amount of ingredients needed to make 28 servings.

For the dough:

Ground biscuits 560 grams

Brown sugar 280 grams
Unsalted butter 336 grams

For the filling:

Cream cheese 11.2 packs

Granulated sugar 840 grams
Cup of milk 420 milliliters
Eggs 11.2 units
Cup of sour cream 560 ml
Vanilla Essence 2.8 tablespoons
Zest of 1 lemon -----------------
Flour 840 grams

5. To prepare a 4-serving lemon pie, you need 6 ounces of crushed Maria cookies. How
many ounces of Maria cookies do I need to make 36 servings of lemon pie?
a. 9 ounces
b. 36 ounces
c. 45 ounces
d. 54 ounces
 PERCENTAGES

Percentage is a symbol that represents a fraction with a denominator of 100.

This symbol (%) is read as “percent” and indicates, as we have said, the number of parts
into which the unit, or reference quantity, has been divided. That is, the percentage (%)
always appears in an expression that relates two quantities. For example: “Yogurt should
have 10% of its weight in fruit”

EXAMPLE

Of the 38 appetizers served, 20% were custard-based. How many appetizers are made of
pastry cream?

Since 20% means 20 out of every 100, any ratio whose denominator is equal to 100 is called
a centesimal or percentage ratio.

20
For example: 20 %= =0 , 2
100

To solve this problem we must first organize the information, posing the following proportion:

quantity of snacks %

38 100

X 20

And we solve the proportion as follows

38 100
= , clearing X we have:
X 20

38 × 20
X= =9 pasabocas
100
That is to say, of the 28 appetizers, 9 are made with pastry cream.

EXERCISES
Perform the following calculations
1. % of 5 with respect to 40 R/ 12.5%
2. % of 45 compared to 30 R/ 150%
3. 30% of 240 R/ 72
4. 115% of 860 R/ 989
 5. 23% of 1050 R/ 241.5
6. Calculate the percentages of each ingredient in the following recipe taking as a base
(100%) the sum of the total weight of the ingredients

LEMON CREAM

INGREDIENT AMOUNT %

Egg 0.200 kg 9,87%

White sugar 0.225 kg 11,11%

Lemon 0.300 kg 14,81%

Butter 0.300 kg 14,81%

Ice 1 kg 49,38%

TOTAL WEIGHT 2,025 kg 100%

Note: Please note that the sum of the percentages of each ingredient must be 100
7. Based on the previous recipe, calculate the amount of eggs needed to prepare 1.5 kg
of lemon cream, mark the correct answer
a. 0.15 kg
b. 0.148 kg
c. 0.100 kg
d. 1.5 g
 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND EQUIVALENCES

Using and converting quantities expressed in different units of measurement to build,

reproduce or transform recipes and budgets, reveals the interrelations between the different
representations, thus allowing the most appropriate one to be chosen, in order to develop
different preparations, adapting the different quantities and units to the different recipes
being worked on.

A unit of measurement is a conventional reference used to measure the physical magnitude

of a certain object, substance or phenomenon. This reference is established by setting a
standard quantity by convention, which allows the dimensions of the material to be
calculated.

The International System of Units (SI) is the current form of the Decimal Metric System and
establishes the units to be used internationally. It was created by the International
Committee of Weights and Measures based in France.

In the area of food and beverage production we must primarily recognize the following units:

● length (meter)
● surface area (square meter)
● volume (cubic meter)
● capacity (liter)
● mass (gram)

LENGTH

The main unit for measuring lengths is the meter (m), which is divided into decimeters (dm),
centimeters (cm), and millimeters (mm), which are its submultiples. And in kilometer (km),
hectometer (Hm) and decameter (Dm), they are larger units therefore they are their
multiples.

How to convert units of length to a larger or smaller one?

Each unit of length is equal to 10 units more than its antecedent, or it is also 10 times less
than its predecessor.

To go from one unit to another we can follow this scheme, taking into account that if we want
to go from a unit of lower value to a larger one (mm to am) we must perform a division,
counting the number of places between the two units and placing it as the exponent and on
the contrary if we want to go from a unit of smaller to a larger one we must perform a
multiplication as in the previous case counting the number of places that separate them as
an exponent in base 10, that is, 10❑ X❑where X is the number of places of difference.
Therefore, the problem of converting one unit into another is reduced to multiplying or
dividing by the unit followed by as many zeros as there are places between them.
 SPLIT

Km Hm Dam m dm cm mm
10

MULTIPLY

Example:

Spend 50 m to dm
If we want to convert meters to centimeters we have to multiply (because we are going to
convert from a larger unit to a smaller one) by the result of the expression
2
10❑ =10 x 10=100 , since there are two places of separation between the meter and the
centimeter.

We solve as follows:

SPLIT

Km Hm Dam m dm cm mm
10

MULTIPLY

To get past ma cm I have to move two spots to the right.

2
50 ×10❑ =50 ×(10 ×10)=50 × 100=5000 cm

EXERCISES

1. Express each of the measurements in the indicated unit.

a. 590 cm am R/ 5.9 m
b. 5.23 ma mm R/ 5230 mm
c. 2.1 km to dm R/ 21000 dm
d. 11380 mm to Hm R/ 0.1138
2. For a birthday cake, 14 colored ribbons must be placed as decoration. If each ribbon
must be 50 cm long, how many meters of ribbon should I have to prepare a dozen
cakes?
a. 8.4 meters
 b. 140 meters
c. 50 cm
d. 8400 cm
3. To be able to border a 45 cm square cake, fondant dough is required. How many cm
of dough should the pastry chef have to be able to finish the cake?
a. 90 cm
b. 180 cm
c. 0.18m
d. 45 cm
SURFACE
The main unit of surface area is the squarem❑2 ¿ meter (. A square meter is the surface
area of a square that has 1 meter on each side.

The conversion of surface units is done in the same way as with length units, with the
difference that the calculations are made using the number 100 as a base, meaning that
each place that is moved has a value of 100, obtaining the following expression 100 xwhere
X is the number of places that must be moved.

SPLIT

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Km❑ Hm❑ Dm❑ m❑ dm❑ cm❑ mm ❑
100

MULTIPLY

EXERCISE
convert 1200 m 2to Hm2
To go from m 2a to H m 2b I must move two places to the left, meaning I must perform a
division taking as exponent the number 2 corresponding to the two places of difference
between the units and taking as base the number 100
 2 2
1200 ÷(100❑ )=12÷ (100 ×100)=1200 ÷ 10000=0 , 12 Hm❑

EXERCISES

1. Express each of the values in the indicated unit

a. 15cm2 in mm 2 R/ 1500 mm 2
b. 0.18m 2 in cm2 R/ 1800 cm2
c. 0.25 cm2in dm 2 R/ 0.0025 dm 2
d. 350 cm2in Dm2 R/ 0.00035 Dm2
2. If the surface of a lunch box measures 13.6, dm 2how much cm2is half of that surface?
3. When stretching the dough, its dimensions are approximately 60 cm by 50 cm.

What is the area of the mass?

a. 3000 cm
b. 110 cm2
c. 3000 cm2
d. 130
If you want to cut triangular cookies, use molds measuring 9 cm on each side and 8.5 cm in
height. How many dozens do you get? If it is known that the area of a triangle is

base × altura
Área=
2
a. 77,8
b. 6,4
c. 76,5
d. 38,2

And if the cookies were 8 cm on each side and 6.5 cm high, how many dozens would you
get?
a. 52
b. 26
c. 115,3
d. 9,6

4. From a dough measuring 15 cm long by 18 cm wide, you want to cut the largest
possible circle for the cake.

What is the diameter of the cake?

 a. 15 cm
b. 47.12 cm
c. 18.14 cm
d. cm
What is the measurement of the surface of the cake? Yes superficie=π × r ❑2, where
π=3 , 14 y r=7 ,5 cm
a. 3,14 cm❑2
b. 176,7 cm❑2
❑
c. 176,7 cm❑
d. 23,5 cm❑2
How many mm ❑2 ❑❑dough are left?
a. 93,3 mm ❑2 ❑❑
b. 9330 mm ❑2 ❑❑
c. 161,7 mm ❑2 ❑❑
d. 270 mm ❑2 ❑❑

VOLUME

Volume is a metric magnitude defined as the three-dimensional extension of a region of

space. It is derived from the length, since it is found by multiplying three lengths: the length,
the width and the height. Its unit of measurement is the cubicm❑3 meter.

SPLIT

3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Km❑ Hm❑ Dm❑ m❑ dm❑ cm❑ mm ❑
1000

MULTIPLY

The conversion of volume units is done in the same way as with length units, with the
difference that the calculations are made using the number 1000 as a base, meaning that
each place that is moved has a value of 1000, obtaining the following expression 1000 x
where X is the number of places that must be moved.

EXAMPLE

express inmm ❑3 5 cm❑3

To go from cm❑3a to b mm ❑3 I must move one place to the right, meaning I must perform
a multiplication taking as exponent the number 1 corresponding to the place of difference
between the units and taking as base the number 1000

3 3
5 cm❑ × 1000=5000 cm❑

EXERCISES

1. convert the following values to the indicated units

a. 150cm❑3 to mm ❑3 R/ 150000 mm ❑3
b. 390000amm ❑3 dm❑3 R/ 0.39 dm❑3
c. 0.5m❑3 to dm❑3 R/ 500 mm ❑3
d. 2000000m❑3 to Dm❑3 R/ 2000 Dm❑3
2. A mixing bowl has a volume of 4570 cm❑3. If it is one-quarter full, what volume does
it occupy?
a. 1142,5 cm❑3
b. 3527,5 cm❑3
c. 4,57 cm❑3
d. 1523, 3 cm❑3
3. If we have cubic boxes with an edge of 20 cm and they must be packed in a square-
based box with a side of 0.5 m and a height of 0.90 m
a. What is the volume of the box cm❑3itself?
volumen=largo x ancho x alto
R/ 0.225 m❑3
b. What is the volume of each box? m❑3
R/ 0.008 m❑3
c. How many little boxes fit inside the big box?
R/ 28.12 boxes
 ABILITY

Capacity measures the amount of liquid that fits inside an object. For example, the capacity
of a bottle is the amount of liquid we can fill it with. Another way of referring to capacity is
volume. Let's say that capacity is the volume that a body occupies in space.

The main unit for measuring the capacity of an object is the liter and as with the previous
magnitudes, there are multiples, which are the units used to express capacities larger than
the liter and submultiples, which are the units to express smaller capacities.

SPLIT

Kl Hl Dl l dl cl ml
10

MULTIPLY

The conversion of capacity units is done in the same way as in the previous units, and to
change the units, the calculations must be made taking the number 10 as a base, that is,
each place that is moved has a value of 10, obtaining the following expression 10 xwhere X
is the number of places that must be moved.

EXAMPLE

Convert 0.0456 ml to dl

2
456 ml ÷10 =4 ,56 dl

EXERCISES

1) How many deciliters are missing or left over to complete 1 liter?

a. 0.75 dl R/ 9.25 dl
b. 125 cl R/ 2.5 dl
c. 750 ml R/ 2.5 dl
d. 1,250 l R/ 2.5 ml
2) A certain product must be made that contains 3 dl of oil in each preparation. With a
dozen bottles of 3/4 l of oil each
How many dl of oil are there in total in the 12 bottles if one liter is equal to 1000 ml?
R/ 90 dl
How many preparations are produced?
R/ 30 preparations

3) The diameter of the base of a cylindrical saucepan measures 15 cm and the height
25 cm.
a. What is your capacity? R/ 4415.62cm3

4) A tank is 0.7 m long, 0.50 m wide and 35 cm high. If we take into account that one
liter is equivalent to 1 dm3
ABILITY Kl L ml
m3
VOLUME dm3 cm3

a. What is the tank capacity in dm3? R/ 87.5 dm3

b. How many 12 litre buckets does it hold if it is filled to 10 cm from the edge?
R/ 7.29 buckets
MASS

The primary unit used to measure the mass of any object is the gram. But this is not the only
measure. As with length and capacity, mass also has its multiples and submultiples.
Multiples are for expressing units larger than the gram, and submultiples are for expressing
measurements smaller than the gram.

SPLIT

Kg Hg Dg g dg cg mg
10

MULTIPLY

The conversion of mass units is done in the same way as in the previous units, and to
change the units, the calculations must be made taking the number 10 as a base, that is,
each place that is moved has a value of 10, obtaining the following expression 10 xwhere X
is the number of places that must be moved.

EXAMPLE:

Convert 0.25 Kg to ag

3
0.25 Kg ×10 =0.25 Kg ×1000=250 g

EXERCISES

1) Convert the following quantities to the unit expressed

a. 60 ga mg R/ 60000mg
b. 1800 g/kg R/ 1.8 Kg
c. 0.75 Hg ag R/
d. 12800 mg to Kg
2) If a ton is equal to 1000 Kg, how many tons are in 321000 Kg?
R/ 321 tons
 CONVERSION OF UNITS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM TO THE ENGLISH SYSTEM

This system derives from the evolution of local units over the centuries and
from attempts at standardization in England. The units themselves have their
origins in ancient Rome. Today, these units are slowly being replaced by the
International System of Units.

The following table describes some of the units of the English system and
others used in the food sector.

EQUIVALENCE TABLE
1 ft = 12 in (inches)
Foot ft
LENGTH 1 ft = 30.48 cm
Inch in 1 in = 2.54 cm
Pie2 ft2 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2
AREA
Inch2 in2 1 in2 = 6.4516 cm2
Pie3 ft3 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3
Inch3 in3 1 in3 = 16.387 cm3
1 L = 1000 ml
Liter L
1 L = 1 dm3
VOLUME
1 gal = 3.7854 L
American gallon Gal
1 barrel = 42 gal
Barrel Barrel
1 barrel = 158.98 dm3
Ounce oz 1 oz = 28.35 g
Pound lb 1 lb = 0.4536 Kg
MASS Ton Ton 1 ton = 907.18
At 1 arroba = 25 lb
At sign
sign 1 arroba = 11.33 Kg
5
ºC = ×(° F−32)
Degrees Celsius ºC 9
TEMPERATURE
9
°F = ×(° C+32)
Fahrenheit degrees °F 5

UNIT CONVERSION
Unit conversion consists of transforming the value of a physical magnitude
expressed in a system of units into another equivalent value in another
system of units.
For this process, conversion factors are generally used, which are multiplied
by the value of the magnitude to be transformed. In case the conversion
 involves the transformation of several units, several conversion factors can be
used until the desired unit is obtained.
To convert units from the English system to the SI and vice versa, you must
first evaluate which system of units you are starting from and which system
you want to convert to.

If you want to convert measurements from the metric system to those of the
English system, you do so by division.

Example

Convert 3218 kilometers to miles

Since we want to convert a unit of the international SI system to a unit of the

English system, we must perform a division between the value of the
magnitude and the equivalence of the unit to which we want to convert, as
follows:
1 ft =30.48 cm = 0.3048 m

3218 Km ÷ 0.3048 m=10557.7 ft

On the other hand, if you want to convert measurements from the English
system to the international SI system, you multiply.

EXAMPLE

Convert 21 oz to grams

Since we want to convert a unit of the English system to a unit of the

international SI system, we must perform a multiplication of the value, the
magnitude and the equivalence of the unit to which we want to convert, as
follows:

1 oz=28.35 g

21 oz × 28.35 g=595.35 g

EXERCISES

1. One pound (lb) is equal to 16 ounces (oz), which are units of measurement in
the English system. If 1 oz is also equal to 28.35 g, then 1 lb is equal to 453.59
g.
a. How many grams are in 3.5 lb? R/ 1587.56 g
 b. How many grams are in 15 oz? R/ 425.25 g
2. Considering that a pound is equal to 16 ounces, how many ounces correspond
to each value given in the following table?
Pound Ounces
s
7 112
15 240
25 400
2 32

3. If I have a 4 pound portion of meat,

a. How many 5 ounce servings can I serve?
R/ 12.8 servings
b. How many grams does each portion weigh on average?
R/ 141.75 grams
 English measure Metric measurement
1 / 4 teaspoon (tsp) 1.25 milliliters (mL)
1 / 2 teaspoon 2.5 milliliters (mL)
1 teaspoon 5 milliliters (mL)
1 tablespoon 15 milliliters (mL)
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 30 milliliters (mL)
1 / 4 cup (c) 60 milliliters (mL)
1 / 3 cup (c) 80 milliliters (mL)
1 / 2 cup (c) 120 milliliters (mL)
1 cup (c) 240 milliliters (mL)
1 pint (pt) ( = 2 glasses ) 480 milliliters (mL)
1 quart (qt) ( = 4 cups = 32 ounces) 960 milliliters (0.96 liters)
1 gallon (gal) ( = 4 quarts) 3.84 liters (L)
1 ounce (oz) (weight) 28 grams (g)
1 / 4 pound (lb) ( = 4 ounces ) 114 grams (g)
1 pound (lb) ( = 16 ounces) 454 grams (g)
2.2 pounds ( = 32 ounces) 1 kilogram (kg) (1 000 grams)
1 teaspoon (tsp) 5 ml
1 tablespoon (Tbsp) 15 ml
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 30 ml
¼ cup 60 ml
1/3 cup 80 ml
½ cup 120 ml
2/3 cup 160 ml
¾ cup 180 ml
1 cup 240 ml
¼ Cup 2 oz
1/3 Cup 3 oz
½ Cup 4 oz
2/3 Cup 5 oz
¾ Cup 6 oz
1 Cup 8 oz