KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 01
Name of the practical:- XOR Each Character of a String in C.
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char str[] = "Hello world";
int i;
for(i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
str[i] = str[i] ^ 0; // XOR with 0
}
printf("Resultant String: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}

Input: "Hello world"

Output: Hello world
(Since XOR with 0 leaves the characters unchanged.)

Faculty remark &signature

 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 02
Name of the practical:- AND & XOR Each Character of a String in C
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
char str[] = "Hello world";
int i;
for(i = 0; i < strlen(str); i++) {
str[i] = (str[i] & 127) ^ 127; // AND with 127 and XOR with 127
}
printf("Resultant String: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}

Input: "Hello world"

Output: Non-printable characters due to (str[i] & 127) ^ 127. The string will
appear scrambled
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 03
Name of the practical:- Java Program for Caesar, Substitution, and Hill Cipher.
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

a. Caesar Cipher

public class CaesarCipher {

public static String encrypt(String text, int shift) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (char c : text.toCharArray()) {
if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
char base = Character.isUpperCase(c) ? 'A' : 'a';
result.append((char) ((c - base + shift) % 26 + base));
} else {
result.append(c);
}
}
return result.toString();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String text = "Hello World";
int shift = 3;
System.out.println("Encrypted Text: " + encrypt(text, shift));
}
}

Input: "Hello World", Shift = 3

Output: Khoor Zruog

b. Substitution Cipher

public class SubstitutionCipher {

public static String encrypt(String text, String key) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
String alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
text = text.toUpperCase();

for (char c : text.toCharArray()) {

if (alphabet.contains(String.valueOf(c))) {
result.append(key.charAt(alphabet.indexOf(c)));
} else {
result.append(c);
}
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML
}
return result.toString();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

String key = "QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM";
String text = "HELLO";
System.out.println("Encrypted Text: " + encrypt(text, key));
}
}

Input: "HELLO" with key "QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM"

Output: ITSSG

c.Hill Cipher (Matrix-based Cipher)

import java.util.Scanner;

public class HillCipher {

static int[][] keyMatrix;
static int[] messageVector;
static int[] cipherMatrix;
static int N;

public static void getKeyMatrix(String key, int N) {

int k = 0;
keyMatrix = new int[N][N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
keyMatrix[i][j] = key.charAt(k) % 65;
k++;
}
}
}

public static void encrypt(String message, int N) {

messageVector = new int[N];
cipherMatrix = new int[N];

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

messageVector[i] = message.charAt(i) % 65;
}

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {

cipherMatrix[i] = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
cipherMatrix[i] += keyMatrix[i][j] * messageVector[j];
}
cipherMatrix[i] %= 26;
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter 2x2 Key (4 uppercase letters): ");
String key = sc.next().toUpperCase();

System.out.print("Enter 2-letter message: ");

String message = sc.next().toUpperCase();

N = 2; // Matrix dimension
getKeyMatrix(key, N);
encrypt(message, N);

System.out.print("Encrypted Message: ");

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
System.out.print((char) (cipherMatrix[i] + 65));
}
}
}

• Input:

• Key: GYBN
• Message: HI

• Output:
Encrypted Message: FN

Faculty remark &signature

 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 04
Name of the practical:- DES Algorithm Logic (Java)
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

public class DESExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
SecretKey secretKey = keyGen.generateKey();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
String text = "Hello World";
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());

System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + new String(encrypted));

}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: Encrypted binary data (not human-readable).
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 05
Name of the practical:- Blowfish Algorithm Logic (C/Java)
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

public class BlowfishExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("Blowfish");
SecretKey key = keyGen.generateKey();
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

String text = "Hello World";

byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());
System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + new String(encrypted));
}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: Encrypted binary data (not human-readable).
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML
Practical no:- 06
Name of the practical:- Rijndael Algorithm (AES) Logic in Java.
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

public class AESExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
SecretKey key = keyGen.generateKey();
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);

String text = "Hello World";

byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());
System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + new String(encrypted));
}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: Encrypted binary data (not human-readable).
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 07
Name of the practical:- RC4 Logic in Java
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

public class RC4Example {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String text = "Hello World";
String key = "secretkey";

SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), "RC4");

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RC4");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());
System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + new String(encrypted));
}
}

Input: "Hello World", Key = "secretkey"

Output: Encrypted binary data.
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 08
Name of the practical:- RSA Algorithm (Java)
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import java.security.*;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;

public class RSAExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
keyGen.initialize(2048);
KeyPair pair = keyGen.generateKeyPair();

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");

cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pair.getPublic());

String text = "Hello World";

byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes());
System.out.println("Encrypted Data: " + new String(encrypted));
}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: Encrypted binary data (public key encryption).
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML
Practical no:- 09
Name of the practical:- Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (HTML/JS)
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange</h1>

<div>
<label for="prime">Prime number (p): </label>
<input type="number" id="prime" value="23">
</div>
<div>
<label for="base">Base (g): </label>
<input type="number" id="base" value="5">
</div>
<div>
<label for="private-key">Your private key (a/b): </label>
<input type="number" id="private-key" value="6">
</div>
<div>
<button onclick="performKeyExchange()">Compute Shared Key</button>
</div>

<div>
<h2>Results:</h2>
<p id="shared-key"></p>
</div>

<script>
function performKeyExchange() {
// Getting values from the inputs
const p = parseInt(document.getElementById("prime").value); // prime number
const g = parseInt(document.getElementById("base").value); // base
const privateKey = parseInt(document.getElementById("private-key").value); //
private key

// Step 1: Compute public key for A (Alice)

const publicKeyA = Math.pow(g, privateKey) % p;

// Step 2: Compute public key for B (Bob) with different private key
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML
const privateKeyB = 15; // You can set this manually or as a random number
const publicKeyB = Math.pow(g, privateKeyB) % p;

// Step 3: Compute shared keys using the other's public key and private key
const sharedKeyA = Math.pow(publicKeyB, privateKey) % p; // Alice computes using
Bob's public key
const sharedKeyB = Math.pow(publicKeyA, privateKeyB) % p; // Bob computes using
Alice's public key

// Display the results

if (sharedKeyA === sharedKeyB) {
document.getElementById("shared-key").innerHTML = `Shared key is:
${sharedKeyA}`;
} else {
document.getElementById("shared-key").innerHTML = "Something went wrong.";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Input:

• Prime number (p): 23

• Base (g): 5
• Private key (a for Alice): 6
• Private key (b for Bob): 15 (set in the script, but can also be user-input)

Output:

Shared key is: 2

 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 10
Name of the practical:- SHA-1 Message Digest in Java
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class SHA1Example {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String text = "Hello World";
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
byte[] digest = md.digest(text.getBytes());

for (byte b : digest) {

System.out.printf("%02x", b);
}
}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: 2aae6c35c94fcfb415dbe95f408b9ce91ee846ed
 KRISHNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE & Affiliated to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU), Lucknow)

Department of AI & ML

Practical no:- 11
Name of the practical:- MD5 Message Digest in Java
Student Roll no:- 2101611530028
Student Name:- Kapil Sharma

import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class MD5Example {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String text = "Hello World";
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
byte[] digest = md.digest(text.getBytes());

for (byte b : digest) {

System.out.printf("%02x", b);
}
}
}

Input: "Hello World"

Output: 5eb63bbbe01eeed093cb22bb8f5acdc3