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Kfjst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCvB j'sv bfW.«(1) nfmfdujHfsh zfhwAj.
i[f§Àsv zbA djYc iahájfv W zfrst ƒtXm ˆƒ mk dlsqsYb sp, wvqD
dlj dlsq ˆj ufqofq y]fl slsJ nfvf dhsw¶ svfpf „l jvfv jKf oarBspfoA
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nckvfQ ˆƒ mkfSbsjAv iaHfh …imrfslswW isV. dhdHâ äDbD iÛ- * kxkDq zLAfq } ˆsk zfsY,
idÛjf W uftnf-uctCsn hAfifvde dbsq oshNBf jvf rq. hvQ …ÙÁ dhNsq 1. nfvf dhsw¶ ˆj ufqofq y]fl slJf psKó, bfdj psKó bq?
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dhswN j'sv kfslv hfdNGj nHf-ns©mtsbv nmq ltfldt W mkfSbjA 3. …ÙÁ dhNsq dhwl hBGbf ˆhQ iaskAj mskv ltDtfdlv dhyfv.
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nmnAfhtDv msLA ˆjde nmnAf dYt `ˆj ²¿st y]fl slJf psKó, bfdj …lq kfrst kf sjht zfïfrv zbcoasr. zfv rj pdl nfKD bf rq, kfrst kf
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jbXIfsvs¦nv hAh²¿fij jdmdev nlnAslv ncLfvBf dYt sp, k]fvf zfmfv hV jxkO´kf rsh, pdl zfdm snƒ háchoG W hlfbAosBv ðjdvqf zflfq
mskf ö¬i dhlAfv kfstsh ƒtXmsj spfoA msb jsv ˆ dhNsq dtJsk bf jdv, p]fvf ˆ icd²Àjf stJfv …slAfÙÁf zKhf kfsk nrfqj W nrspfoD.
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kfjDl jvstb. pfv jfvsB mb bf yfƒstW, stJfv ubA ia²k  rsk rt. spfoA drnfsh dbhGfyb jsvsY sp, zfdm …ÙÁ ƒtXmD W lfWqfkD jbXIfsvs¦n
zfv snefƒ dYt ˆƒ icd²Àjf stJfv mCt jfvB. ˆjub iahájfv W hÙÁf drnfsh zQwoarB jdv.
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W swN ufbfv …ifq jD? zfmfv i[ sKsj ˆhQ mcndtmslv i[ sKsj zfïfr k]fslvsj …Ùm
* iaKm zLAfq } ˆsk …dïdJk rsqsY, y]fl slJfv Èv¢k¶, y]fl slJfv iadklfb dlb.
ubA zfLcdbj ps§Ãv nfrfpA sbWqf ˆhQ kfv wvqD ³hLkf, wvqD mfn `bCsv ƒntfm ˆjfsFmD tfsrfv'-ˆv mfdtj wasÝq hác mWtfbf wfêDv
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* däkDq zLAfq } ˆsk zfstfjifk jvf rsqsY, y]fslv …lq²¿stv ufqofq kvmDsmv ivfmwG dlsqsYb zKhf nQswfLb nfLb jsvsYb.
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mfn W nft dbLGfvB jvfv hAfifsv hcdbqflD bDdk W iadÛÁqfv mpGflf vfsJ.
mrfb zfïfr nCpGsj vdw¹ lfb jsvsYb ˆhQ kfv ubA j[iK dbLGfvB
jsvsYb, pfsk dlb W nåfsrv drnfh vfJf nýh rq. zfv y]flsj dkdb
zfstf lfb jsvsYb ˆhQ kfv ubA j[iK dbLGfvB jsvsYb, pfsk mfn W
hYsvv drnfh vfJf nru rq. ˆƒHfsh mrfb zfïfr nåfr W dlsbv drnfh
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kf ufbsk ifsv. zKGf{, nCpG …lq rst dlb ðv¢ rq ˆhQ z²À sost dlb
swN rsq dosq vfdÛ ˆsn pfq. ˆƒHfsh dlhfvfdÛ nfk iCBG rsq sost ˆj
nåfr iCBG rq. zbcv™iHfsh pJb idÇymfjfsw bkcb y]fl slJf pfq, kJb
bkcb mfn ðv¢ rsq pfq. ˆƒHfsh pJb y]fl 29 hf 30 dlb oBbf iCBG
j'sv zfhfv bkcbHfsh iajfw ifq, kJb ˆj mfn swN j'sv däkDq mfn
ðv¢ rq. zfv ˆƒHfshƒ pJb mfsnv nQJAf 12 iCBG rq, kJb ˆj hYv
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dbdNÝ (idhÛ). ˆefƒ nvt dhLfb. (kfWhfr } 36) ˆƒ nvtkfv jfvsB mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfslv ³ldbj W nfåfdrj jfu-
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pf njt ufdkv ubA dbdlGó jvf rsqsY. pfv äfvf stfsjvf kfslv äDb W bfmfspv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
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mtmfsnv dhlzfk zfdh°jfv jsvdYt. zfvshv stfsjvf, ˆmbdj zKGf{, nCpG srst iVhfv iv rsk vfdÛv Ob zájfv ipG§À bfmfp jfsqm
mfndulct rfvfsmv v[Bfsh[BjfvD stfsjvfW …ÙÁ dhlzfk sKsj jv ˆhQ (jfsqm jv) Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp). Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp)
ncvd[k Kfjsk ifvt bf. pfv Ist yf¦û mfnÈdtv sp Lfvfhfdrjkf mrfb idvtd[k rq dhswNHfsh. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 78)
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nQOdek rsh, kJb dkdb rÏ jvfv nQj¬i jvstb. ˆƒ snƒ `bfnD'v dhlzfk,
pfsj mrfb zfïfr rfvfm W jcIXv hst zfJAfqb jvstb ˆhQ mrfbhD rsÏv
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dbsNL jsvsYb. ˆƒ jfvsBƒ zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb JtDIfsq vfswl (hfj¶fvfr } 185)
rpvk …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh nfrfhfsq djvfsmv ivfmwGÛÁsm yf¦û mfsnv …ÙÁ hAfifsvƒ mrfbhD hstsYb,
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…ÙÁ zfqfskv hAfJAf jvsk dosq zfïfmf IJv¢ÜDb vfpD (vfdrmfùïfr) j'sv bfW). (5)
dtsJsYb, …tfmfoB hstb, ˆƒ zfqfskv zfstfsj mcndtmslv ubA …ÙÁ zfqfk W rflDsn mrfb zfïfr W k]fv vnCt ƒntfsmv zbAkm
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svfmfb hf zbfvh nft hAhrfv jvf ³hL rsh bf. (4) mfsnv isrtf kfvDJ rsh ˆhQ sndlb svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh.
zbcv™iHfsh vmpfsbv 29 kfvDsJv náAfshtfq nCpGfs²Àv nmq pdl y]fl
wvqD mfnnmCrsj ufbfv mfLAm slJf pfq, kfrst zfofmD jft wWqft mfsnv iaKm kfvDJ rsh ˆhQ
spsrkc mcndtmslv äDbD W ifdKGh njt hAfifv yf¦û mfsnv nfsK sndlb svfpf YfVf kKf „l jvf Wqfsuh rsh. dj§Â sjfb jfvsB pdl 29
ndâshdwk, snsrkc kf ufbf ˆhQ kfv ðv¢ W swN nQÛÁf§À Îfb tfH jvf kfvDsJ y]fl slJf bf pfq, kfrst mfsnv 30 dlb icsvf jvf zfhwAj rsh.
ˆjde zfhwAj dhNq. pfv ubA wvDqk Jchƒ nru iÝdk svsJsY. kfƒ mfsnv ðv¢ W swN dbLGfvB jvfv ˆefƒ wvqD vDdk ˆhQ ˆv …iv zfmt

(4) kfInDv vfpD 8/55, j¶cvk¶chD 8/85, dh²Àfdvk ufbfv ubA stJj jkGj
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dbHGv j'sv Ifqnftf sbWqf pfsh bf. 2. mfn ðv¢ W swN sybfv ˆjmfÛ …ifq rt y]fl slJsk ifWqf. ˆ
zbA ˆj rflDsn mrfbhD hstb, hAfifsv suAfdkN wfs²Ãv oBbf hf idÓjfv drnfh dbHGvspfoA bq.
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hcUfstb. (6) pJb skfmfslv zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjsh, kJb Èbdk icsvf j'sv
zKGf{, y]fslv hAfifsv zfmvf stJfiVf hf drnfh oBbfv mcJfsi[D bƒ. sbsh.(8)(9)
zfmfslv svfpf W ƒhflskv s[sÛ kfvjf W b[Ûvfduv ëmB-idvëmsBv 4. wvDqk mfsnv ðv¢ W swN ufbfv ubA y]fl slJfv wkG ˆƒ ubA
Îfb vfJsk zfmvf zfdló rƒdb. hvQ zfmfslvsj ˆmb ˆj ±ió zfmt zfsvfi jsvsY sp,
jvsk zfslw slWqf rsqsY, pf zfstm W ufsrt nhfƒ nmfbHfsh (j) ˆ jfu Jchƒ nru ˆhQ nfLfvB mfbcsNv ubA ncdhLfubj.
ufbsk ifvsh. zfv kf rt y]fl slJf. nckvfQ 29 kfvDsJv náAfq y]fl (J) ˆ drnfh dbdÇyk ˆhQ ˆsk Hcstv nýfhbf sbƒ.
slJf sost mfn …bdÛswv, bsy{ mfn dÛswv oBA rsh. (o) ˆ YfVf suAfdkNwfs²Ãv W idÓjfv drnfh jdEb rWqfv nfsK nfsK
zbA ˆj rflDsn ˆsnsY, kfsk Hcstv nýfhbf dhlAmfb. ˆƒ ubA …tfmfoB hstb, y]fl slJfv
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rsqsY. (10)
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skfmfslv …iv zfjfw smOf¤Yâ rq (ˆhQ yf]l slJsk bf ifWqf pfq),
kfrst wf'hfb (mfsnv) Èbdk dÛw iCBG j'sv bfW.« (7)
…dïdJk rflDnnmCr sKsj dbm´dtdJk dhNq iamfdBk rq }- (8) ncbfsb bfnf„ 2138bQ, ˆ msmG „tfv rflDn vsqsY nrDrfqb W ncbfsb.
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rsh bf ˆhQ njt mfn 30 dlsbvW rsh bf. hvQ sjfb hYv 6 mfn 29 dlsbv rsh
ˆhQ 6 mfn 30 dlsbv. sjfb hYv 5 mfn 29 dlsbv rsh ˆhQ 7 mfn 30 dlsbv. 30
(6) hcJfvD 1913, mcndtm 2563bQ, wèfhtD mcndtsmv. dlbdhdwó mfn 7 sKsj shdw rsh bf ˆhQ 29 dlbdhdwó mfn 5 sKsj jmW rsh bf. (û}
(7) hcJfvD 1909, mcndtm 2566bQ, wèfhtD hcJfvDv, zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGj
x . ˆvƒ nchjDv zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 24ix})
jfYfjfdY wsè zbA nfrfhD jkGj
x ncbfsb hdBGk rsqsY. (10) mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/199-200
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drnfh hst, y]fl rhfv nýfhbf sbƒ, zKy stfsjvf hf²Àsh y]fl slJsk ifq, y]fl slJf pfsh, kfv isvv dlb svfpf jv zKhf kfv isvv dlb „l jv.(14)
kfrst y]fl lwGj mfbAkf ifsh, suAfdkND drnfh bq. (zhwA wkG rt,
lwGj spb dbHGvspfoA W zf²¿fHfub rq ˆhQ kfv nfs[Av iadk Hvnf wvqD dlb W mfn ˆhQ suAfdkND dlb W mfsnv msLA ifKGjA
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ˆjmk.(11) iaskAj mfsnv ˆjef dlb 24 O¦efv rsq Kfsj. i[f§Àsv
6. sjht svfpf-„lƒ bq, hvQ mcndtmslv njt jfujmG spmb, pfjfk, suAfdk}wf²ÃdhlXslv dbje, pJb sKsj y]fl dbu wane (15) sKsj lCv rsk
mdrtfslv ƒÜk, „tfv nmq-nDmf, ‡B idvswfsLv nmq-jft ƒkAfdl ðv¢ jsv, kJb sKsjƒ bkcb mfn ðv¢ rq. nýhk} k]fslv dbje mfn
njt dhNq y]fl slJf W wvqD mfn zbcpfqD dbLGfvB jvf rsh. (12) ðv¢ rWqfv ubA y]fslv u¦mƒ dhshyA, yfsr kf stfsjvf idÇym oosb
slJcj hf bf slJcj. sjbbf, ‰ nmq y]fl sbrfkƒ nC[¹ rsq Kfsj.
wvqD mfsnv ðv¢ W swN suAfdkNDoB dtsJsYb, pk[B ipG§À y]fslv …ÙÁ nvt svJf sKsj lCv
iÇyfskv zfstfybf sKsj ufbf sot sp, sjfbW wvqD mfn 29 dlb sKsj rsk ðv¢ rWqfv iv jm-sn-jm 30 O¦ef zdkhfdrk bf rsqsY, kk[B
jm ˆhQ 30 dlb sKsj shdw rsk ifsv bf. zfv kf ufbfv ˆjmfÛ mfLAm rt ipG§À bkcb y]fl idÇymfjfsw lxwAmfb rWqf znýh. (16) spsrkc ˆmb
y¦û lwGb. pfv ±ió …sÜwA rt, mfnnmCsrv ðv¢ W swN rWqfv dhNqde y¦û
lwGb zKhf Èbdk 30 dlb iCBG jvfv …iv dbHGvwDt. zKGf{, y]fl lxdósofyv (14) Ifkùt hfvD 4/131, dmvzfkct mfIfkDr 6/424
rskƒ ok mfn dhlfq rsh ˆhQ bkcb mfn ðv¢ rsh. ksh ±ió Kfsj sp, ˆ (15) suAdkNwfs²Ãv idvHfNfq wane htf rq snƒ nmqsj, sp nmsq y]fl, nCpG W
s[sÛ snƒ lwGbƒ oBA rsh, pf nCpfG s²Àv iv zKhf zs²Àv nfsK nfsK tfH rsh. ixdKhD ˆjƒ nvt svJfq ˆsn …id²¿k rq.
ˆ hAfifsvW njt …tfmf ˆjmk. htf hfùtA, pdl jJsbf nCpG sFfhfv zfso ( 16 ) mWtfbf zfècv vrmfb jDtfbD dtsJsYb, hkGmfb dKWdv zbcpfqD ˆ jKf
y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst kf oBA jvf rsh bf. …lfrvB öv™i, pdl 30 vmpfsb nhGöDjxk sp, nCpG, y]fl W ixdKhD ˆjde yf¦û mfsn lcƒhfv ˆjde nvt svJfq ˆsn
…id²¿k rq. zfv ˆƒ Oebf kJb Ose, pJb y]fl ixdKhDsj idvÛÁmf jvsk dosq
nCpG z²À pfWqfv zfso y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst nCpfG s²Àv zfso svfpf HfÌf ufsqp ixdKhDv j[iKsj zdkÛÁm jsv. pJb ixdKhD nCpG W y]fslv mfsU isV, kJb iCdBGmf
rsh bf. spmb sndlb isrtf wWqft hstW smsb sbWqf pfsh bf. jfvB, oBA rq ˆhQ pJb y]fl ixdKhD W nCspGv mfsU zfsn, kJb zmfhnAf 28 kfvDJ rq. iv§Â
lwGb rsh nCpG sFfhfv iv.(13) 27 hf 29 kfvDJW rsk ifsv. y¦ûoarB rst 14 kfvDJ kKf iCdBGmfv vfskƒ rq.
ˆJfb sKsj idv°jfv rq sp, ªy]fl slsJ svfpf jv, y]fl slsJ svfpf zfv nCpGoarB rq däkDq zh²¿fq. dj§Â ˆmb Oebf jm Ose, pfv diYsb zbA zfsvf
jfvB Kfsj.
(11) mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/132, zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 20ix}, dmvzfkct mfIfkDr bkcb y]fl
6/435, dIj¶Xùb bfWqfdpt 3/199-200, n†lD zfvshv …tfmf jdmdeW ˆjmk däkDq zh²¿fq pJb y]fl ixdKhDhfnDv dbje idviCBG zlxwA rsq pfq, kJb yf¦û drnfsh
rsq ˆjƒ dnÝf§À siw jsvsYb. slJcb } zfhrfNC rfƒqfdk djhfdvt …tfmf 3/34 ˆv idvBfm ˆƒ hcUf pfq sp, ok y]fslv mfn nmfå rsqsY. ˆƒ zh²¿fsj
(12) mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/133-134, 143, IfkfWqfn nchjD 1/207 conjuction (oarns©mtb) htf rq. pJb y]fl idviCBvG ™si zlxwA rq, kJb sn
(13) Ifkùt hfvD 4/121, dh²Àfdvk ufbfv ubA slJcb } zfïfmf ƒhbct zfshlDsbv nmqef [B²¿fqD rq. ˆv isvƒ idÓjf drnfsh bkcb y]fl ðv¢ rsq pfq. ˆj
ic²Àj `kfbhDùt of-dIdt zt-znbfb' ˆhQ zfïfmf zfèct rfƒ tJbhDv ic²Àj conjunction sKsj däkDq conjunction ˆv oV hAhLfb 29 dlb 12 O¦ef 24
`zft-Iftfjcl lfWqfv ID v¢'qfdkt drtfdt dhbX bfrfv'. dmdbe rq. ˆƒ hAhLfb sjfb mfsn 5/6 O¦ef ipG§À hxdÝW sisk ifsv. zbcv™i sjfb
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 19 20 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
zh²¿f dlhfvfdÛv sp sjfb nmsq Oesk ifsv. ˆƒ dHdÙsk suAfdkNwfs²Ãv
drnfsh bkcb mfsnv ðv¢ ˆhQ wvqDk zbcpfqD bkcb mfsnv ðv¢v mfsU
ifKGjA vsqsY. sjbbf, suAfdkN msk yf¦û mfsnv nCÛifk jJsbf vfk
iaKm zLAfq
hfsvfefq rq, jJsbf dlb hfsvfefq. hvQ vfk-dlsbv sp sjfb zQsw kfv y¦û lwGb
nCÛifk Oesk ifsv. suAfdk}wf²Ã msk ˆ jKf uv¢vD bq sp, y]fl y]fl slJfv Èv¢k¶
idÇymfjfsw slJf pfsh. ˆƒ ubA suAfdkN msk yf¦û mfn wvqD mfn wvDqskv lxdósk bkcb y]fl slJfv hV Èv¢k¶ vsqsY. sjbbf,
zsi[f 24 O¦ef hvQ kfvW iCshG ðv¢ rsq pfq. mcndtmslv ƒhflk W jfujmG yf¦û mfsnv …iv dbHGvwDt. zfv yf¦û
…lfrvB öv™i sjfb mfsnv 29 kfvDsJv zfnsvv nmq y]fl kfv wane mfsnv ndEj Îfb bkcb y]fl slJfsj Èv¢k¶ bf dlsq nýh bq. ƒmfm ƒhsb
ˆ iashw jvt. ˆJb suAfdkN msk bkcb mfn ðv¢ rsq sot. dj§Â wvqD kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu icd²Àjf `zft-drtft'ˆ y]fl slJf W kfv
mfn ðv¢ rsk kJbW 24 O¦ef zsi[f shdw, hvQ sjfb sjfb slsw 48 Èv¢k¶ dbsq oshNBf j'sv dtsJsYb,
O¦ef zsi[f shdw nmq zhdwó Kfjsh. ˆƒHfsh suAfdkNDslv mfn W .Uˆeْ ‫و‬/ 1C`2 w-E ‫ ٍل‬P
/ 1CY2 +- M/ 7 />- 4 ‫א‬/‫ و‬M/ 7‫د‬/ / 7‡„
- G/ /8G6 r4 - ْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬5€/ 4 >1 ‫ن@ א‬5 7‫;د‬7 Zْ / ْ ‫א‬/‫و‬
wvqD mfsnv mfsU hAhLfb ˆjdlb; hvQ kfv sKsjW shdw rsk ifsv. zfv …sÜwA ˆƒ sp, nhGfh²¿fq nhGjfst 29 oBbf W oBA jvf Wqfsuh. (17)
ˆƒHfshƒ suAfdkND mfsnv dlsbv nQJAf W wvqD mfsnv dlsbv nQJAfskW dhswN j'sv mcrfvGfm, wf'hfb, vmpfb W pct-rÏ mfsnv y]fl slJsk
±ió ifKGjA idvlxó rsh. spmb ƒdkiCshG …dïdJk rsqsY sp, wvqD mfn pk´hfb rWqfv hAfifsv zdLj Èv¢k¶ slWqf …dyk. sjbbf …ÙÁ
29 dlsbv rsh zKhf 30 dlsbv. zKGf{, bf 29 dlsbv jm rsh, zfv bf mfnÈdtv nfsK ƒntfsmv jdkiq v¢jXb ndâshdwk zfsY.
30 dlsbv shdw. i[f§Àsv suAfdkNDslv dbje iaskAj mfn 29 dlb 12 iadnÝ HfvkDq zfstm zfïfmf zfèct rfƒ tJbhD (vfdrmfùïfr)
O¦ef 44 dmdbe djYc snsjà rq. dtsJsYb,
dh²Àfdvk ufbfv ubA slJcb } zfhrfNc rfƒzfdk djhfdvt …tfmf 3/10, ‫ ن‬89 8G r ‫ وא‬m# > ‫;م א‬G ‫ ن‬D9 ‫ ل‬M ‫ > ;א‬G ‫ ن‬€G 3` ‫א " س‬ ‡•
zk}iv zdLj zfoarDslv ubA mWtfbf ƒjhft jDtfbDv mkfmskv
vBs[Û ic²Àj `zfwX-wfmnc zt-j¶fmfv¢ dhùnhfb' hV …ijfvD. ." ” 3 ‫ א‬we‫ א‬9 " ’ w r ‫ א‬% ‘ ، e ‫;ن‬YG e %
zKGf{, wf'hfsbv 29 kfvDsJ vmpfsbv y]fl zbcnáfb jvf stfsjslv
sjfb mfsn …ÙÁ idvmfB nmq rafnW sisk ifsv. spsrkc kfv sjfb dbLGfdvk nmqjft ubA Wqfsuh djIfqfr. spsrkc jJsbf kf (mfn) zn©iCBG rq. ˆ jKf
sbƒ. ˆƒ ndá[B njft 9efW rsk ifsv zKhf vfk 11ef. dj§Â ˆef dbdÇyk bq sp, wfvfbhftftD `mfvfdj¶…t Iftfr'sk ±ió …sïJ jsvsYb. (18)
spdlb conjunction Oesh, sndlb vfsk y]fl slJf pfsh. ˆv jfvB ˆƒ sp, iaKmk}
y]fl zdk nC[¹ zh²¿fq Kfsj, däkDqk} z²Àfystv tft zfHf, pf iafq siZsb ˆj O¦ef
ipG§À iaHfhwftD Kfsj. nckvfQ kfv Ist y]fl lxwAmfb rsk hfLf nxdó rq.
ˆj dlb hf icsvf 24 O¦ef hqsnv y]fl jk nC[¹ rq, kf ˆƒHfsh zbcmfb jvf pfq; (17) mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/153, dhswN zfoarD kfstsh ƒtXmslv jfsY zfshlb,
zfidb ˆjef kvmcu dbb. kvmcsu sjht 8/10de lfo Kfsj. pdl zfidb k]fvf spb wfqJct ƒntfsmv icd²Àjf `zft-drtft' zhwAƒ isVb.
kvmcudesj nmfbHfsh sjse ‰ lfsov mskf 30de Ifdt jsvb, kfrst 1de Ifdt ( 18 ) zft-j¶fWtct mfbwCv ID drtfdt Jfƒdvw wcrCv 148ix}, zfsvf slJcb }
pkef smfef rsh, ˆj dlsbv y]fl kkef smfef rsh. dj§Â kfv ³lOGA zLG hxdÙ rsh bf, mfvfdj¶…t Iftfr 126ix}, wfvù Ifkdrt j¶flDv 2/313, ˆ YfVf zdLjfQw Icj¶frf
hvQ zsbj jm rsh. (`zfwX-wfmnc ztj¶fmfv¢ dhùnhfb' hƒ rsk nQs[si …Ýxk, û} y]fl slJfsj Ivsp djIfqfr hstsYb. slJcb } zft-dIj¶Xù zftft mfpfdrdht
mfufïfkcl lfWqfr 14/12/40ix}) zfvhfzfr 1/551, hcrCN dIj¶drqAfr mczfdn¶vfr F} wvDI 223ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 21 22 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
rflDsnv zfstfsj y¦û lwGb (j) vfnCtcïfr nfrfhfoBsj mfsnv ðj½is[v swN dkb dlb zKGf{,
dbsm´ …dïdJk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jdkiq rflDsn y]fl slJfv Èv¢k¶ ±ió 13, 14 W 15 kfvDsJ svfpf vfJsk …äcÝ jvskb. spmb,
rq }- /.;795 >@P
/ @8F7 7 /‫د‬5 5 U† 5 d/+- w- -T
/ w- '
/ ‫و‬4 5 /‫ ل‬e5 7%"4/ 7%I ‫ א‬/w|
- / 5 / G4 / M7 w-+5 84 /
1. dkdb hstsYb,
.ٍ ]4 ‫و‬6 5 / ‫; ٍم‬4 /‫و‬/ &/D
H ‫ א‬- 5'
/ ‫و‬/ ٍ F4 / 1C`2 84 9- ‫ ٍم‬G@ 5 -€z/ 5 z/ 6‫;م‬4 '
/
.((/‫ ن‬D
/ 9/ / - /‫ ن‬/4 / /‫ ل‬5 M- ‫;א‬7 P
4 5 ))
zfhC ùvfƒvf rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `zfmfv z§ÀvÌ hác zfmfsj
zKGf{, skfmvf vmpfsbv ubA wf'hfsbv y]flsj oBbf jv. (19) dkbde dhNsq zdnqk jsvsYb, zfdm kf zfmvB huGb jvh bf; (1) iadk
2. rpvk zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fv zfmt nìsá hstsYb, mfsn dkbde (13, 14, 15 kfvDsJ) svfpf vfJfv. (2) yfwXskv lc'
-<6 4 x5 84 9- •2 3I &
/ >/G/ 5J 9/ /‫ ن‬/4 / 84 9- •2 3I &
/ >/G/ −X #‫ و‬% ‫' א‬− -%I ‫ א‬7‫;ل‬7#/ /‫` ن‬5 vfjzfk (ncâk) iVfv. (3) ˆhQ Ocmfhfv zfso dhkXv isV sbWqfv.'(22)
./‫' م‬
/ @Xz7 9b ;4 G/ / z- 5 z/ @ / -%4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 /‫ ن‬D
/ 9/ / -€G/u4 7 - 7‫;م‬7 G/ @Xz7 ˆjƒ zdnqk dkdb rpvk zfhC lfvlf (23) W rpvk zfhC pfvG -
zKGf{, vfnCtïc fr wf'hfsbv y]fl hf dlbsj ±mvsB vfJsk pkef pk´ sj(24) jsvdYstb.
dbskb, kkef zbA sjfb mfsnv y]fl hf dlbsj ±mvB vfJfv ubA pk´ ðLcmfÛ …ÙÁ jsqjub nfrfhfƒ bq, hvQ njt mcndtmslv iadk
dbskb bf. zk}iv vmpfsbv y]fl slsJ svfpf vfJskb. dj§Â pdl (29 vfnCtcïfr -ˆv zbcsiavBfmCtj dbslGw dYt. j¶fkflfr hf j¶clfmfr dhb
wf'hfsbv náAfq) zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjk, kfrst 30 dlb oBbf icsvf dmtrfb hstb,
j'sv dbskb, kfviv svfpf vfJskb. (20) /m+/4 5 ‫و‬/ 5 / r4 / /†5 z/ /• - ْ ‫ א‬/‫;م‬7 / ‫ن‬4 5 /7 97 ْyG/ −X #‫ و‬% ‫' א‬− -%I ‫ א‬7‫;ل‬7#/ /‫` ن‬5
zKGf{, dkdb wf'hfsbv dlb Èbskb, kf psk´v nfsK msb vfJskb, pfsk .« 6 M4 @ ‫ א‬-€0/4 F/ `5 @8M7 » /‫ ل‬e5 ‫و‬/ 5 / r4 / /W4 T
/ ‫و‬/ 5 / r4 /
vmpfsbv svfpf ndEj kfvDsJ vfJf nýh rq. ˆmb bf rq sp, wf'hfsbv
dlb Èbsk Hct rsq pfq. zfv kfv Ist vmpfsbv svfpf dhiâ rq. (21) zKGf{, vfnCtcïfr zfmfslvsj ðj½is[v swN 3 dlb 13, 14 W 15
iCshGfÙÁ rflDnäq sKsj hcUf pfq sp, kfvDsJ svfpf vfJsk zfslw dlskb ˆhQ htskb, ªˆ rs¤Y nfvf hYv
1. y]fl slJfv hV Èv¢k¶ vsqsY, dhswN j'sv wf'hfb W vmpfb mfsnv svfpf vfJfv nmfb.« (25)
y]fl. ˆJb ±ió sp, pdl iaskAj mfsn y]fl W kfv slJfv hAfifsv pk´ bf
2. wf'hfsbv y]fl W dlb obfv hAfifsv zdkdvÙÁ pk´ sbWqf ˆ jKfv sbWqf rq, kfrst ‰ kfvDJÈdt ndEjHfsh dbLGfvB rsh jDHfsh? ˆƒ
iamfB sp, zbAfbA mfsnv y]fl W dlsbv hAfifsv kkef bf rstW öfHfdhj ubA mrfb zfïfrv sp hf¦lfoB mrfbhD -ˆv …ÙÁ zdnqk zbcpfqD
pk´ dbsk rsh. zfmt j'sv Kfsjb, k]fvf iaskAj mfsn y]fl slJfv hAfifsvW pk´hfb rb--
3. iaskAj mfsnv y]fl W kfv iadk pk´ sbWqfv ltDt dbsm´ …dïdJk -spmb stJj djYc wasÝqubsj t[A jsvsYb.
rflDnnmCsr vsqsY }-
(22) hcJfvD 1178, mcndtm 1705bQ
(19) dkvdmpD 687, rfsjm 1548, hfƒrfj¶D 8194, lfvfj¶ck¶bD 2/162, dn} nrDrfr (23) mcndtm 1708, zfhC lf†l 1433bQ, slJcb n} kfvoDh 1/598
565bQ (24) zfrmfl 5/173, bfnf„ 2406bQ, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 3/144
(20) zfhC lf†l 2327, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 1910, ƒhsb drêfb 869bQ (25) zfhC lf†l 2451, bfnf„ 2432, ƒhsb mfufr 1707bQ, slJcb n} kfvoDh
(21) dmvzfkct mfIfkDr 6/451 1/603
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 23 24 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

(J) rpvk zfècïfr dhb …mfv jkGj x hdBGk, vfnCtïc fr bkcb y]fl nrukf ˆhQ kfsk nxó Û¢desj nQswfLb j'sv slq. zbcv™i djYc p§Ã
slJst ˆƒ lczf htskb, ˆmb zfdh°jk x rsqsY, pf djYc dhlAmfb zlxwA dudbnsj mfbcsNv syfsJ
.(( 2 ‫ א‬5O+H/ ‫و‬/ w1+/ ، 6‫م‬5 #4 …‫א‬/‫ و‬-€9/ 5 @ ‫א‬/‫ و‬، 6‫א…– ن‬/‫ و‬684 7 +- "/4 5 / 7%I M- 5 @XF7 I ‫)) א‬ ±ió W idv°jfvHfsh siw j'sv Kfsj. zfv snƒ nfsK snƒ dudbsnv
ªzfïf-ù©mf zfdrïfù zftfƒbf dht-qcAmdb zt-„mf-db znX-nftf- dhlAmfbkfsj sjfbHfsh iaHfdhk jsv bf. spmb pdl sjfb mfbcsNv
mfdk zt-ƒntf-m, vfêD zvfêcjfïf-r.« lxdówdÙÁ lchGt Kfsj, kfrst kfv ubA ywmf zfsY, pf lxdówdÙÁv Ofedk
iCvB j'sv slq. ˆmbƒ p§Ãvfduv msLA zBchD[B W lCvhD[B p§Ã
zKG- sr zfïfr! kcdm ‰ y]flsj zfmfslv …iv …dlk jv hjGk, „mfb,
wfd§À W ƒntfsmv nfsK. (sr y]fl) zfmfv W skfmfv iadkiftj zfïfr. (26) zbAkm. ˆv …ijfdvkf ˆƒ sp, mfbcN pJb sjfb dudbnsj slJsk yfq,
lczfv wèfhtD ˆhQ hAfijHfsh rflDsnv wèfhtD ˆ jKf htsY sp, kJb kfv zfjfvsj hV j'sv iajfw jsv zKhf kfsj lwGsjv lxdóv
dbjse j'sv slq. pfsk mfbcN nrsu snƒ dudbn slJsk ifq. ˆmb bq sp,
mrfbhD y]fl slJfv hAfifsv pk´hfb dYstb. snƒ nfsK ˆ jKfW ufbf
p§Ã sjfb zd²Àk¶rDb dudbsnv zd²Àk¶ iajfw jsv zKhf kfv iajk x sk¶
sot sp, y]fl slJf ˆmb ˆjde Èv¢k¶iCBG jmG, pfsk pk´hfb rWqf ˆhQ kf
sjfb idvhkGb nfLb jsv.
slsJ lczf ifE jvf ˆjde wvqD zfmt W zfïfrv iadk ³bjeAlfbjfvD
ˆƒ kÙ¶sj nfmsb svsJ ˆ jKf htf pfq sp, y]fl slJfv ubA lCvhDb
mfLAm. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb.
ƒkAfdl hAhrfv jvf spsk ifsv. dhswN j'sv hkGmfb pcsov mfbcsNv ubA,
(o) mcndtmslv uDhsbv hù nQJAj jmG yf¦û mfsnv nfsK ˆmbHfsh
pfvf nfLfvBk} lxdówdÙÁsk lchGtkfv dwjfv rsqsY ˆhQ zbAdlsj hV hV
ndâshdwk zfsY, pf y]fl slJfv hAfifsv pk´hfb bf rst kf ndEjHfsh
wrsvv zfswifsw …lq W z²Àfyt LCdtmq kKf jt-jfvJfbf W
n©iâ jvf jdEb. spmb kftfsjv ƒÜk, dhLhfv ƒÜk, bpsvv svfpf,
pfbhfrsbv sL]fqfsk idviCBG Kfsj.
jfIXIfvfv svfpf iaHdx k Wqfsuh dhNqfhtD, zbcv™i zfvfIfv svfpf,
n†dlqfv zft-j¶fnDsmv zfïfmf wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb n¶fstr zft-
zfwCvfv svfpf ˆhQ zbAfbA zfsvf bIt svfpf, „lct zfprf ˆhQ
…NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆj iasw´v …Ùsv y]fl slJfv ubA lCvhDb hAhrfv
kfwvDsjv dlbnmCsrv dbLGfvB, sp dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJf rfvfm.
jvfsj ³hL Iskfqf dlsqsYb. dkdb dtsJsYb, ªmfn iashswv iamfsBv
ˆ njt dhNq YfVf mcndtmslv ifv±idvj zflfb-ialfsbv s[sÛv y]fl
ubA wvqD iÝdk ˆƒ sp, stfsjvf y]fl slJsh. …dyk rt ˆ jfsuv ubA
slJfq pk´hfb rWqf YfVf nýh bq. ˆƒ ubA uv¢vD sp, y]fl slJfv
ˆmb stfj ia²Âk jvf, pfvf kfslv äDsbv hAfifsv ˆhQ lxdóv
hAfifsv nsyó rWqf. dj§Â lcHGfsoAv dhNq sp, äDsbv zbAfbA dhNqfhtDv
wdÙÁwfdtkfv hAfifsv dbHGvspfoA. nckvfQ pJb kfvf y]fl slJsk ifsh,
mskf mcndtmvf ˆ dhNsqW zhsrtf W Û¢dev dwjfv rsqsY. zfv zfïfrƒ
kJb snƒ smfkfshj zfmt zfhwAj rsh. zKGf{, vmpfsbv y]fl rst
nfrfpA²¿t.
svfpf vfJf Wqfsuh rsh. zfv wWqfstv y]fl rst „l jvf Wqfsuh rsh.
i[f§Àsv (y]fl slJfv ubA) lCvhDb hAhrfv jvfv iansÌ htf pfq sp, kfsk
y]fl slJfv ubA zfLcdbj p§Ã hAhrfv jvf pfq dj?
sjfb nmnAf sbƒ. ksh kf hAhrfv jvf Wqfsuh bq. spsrkc rflDsnv
hkGmfb pcso iaskAj dudbsnv ubA djYc p§Ã W smdwb zfdh°jfv rsqsY,
hfdrAj zKG sKsj ˆ jKfq shfUf pfq sp, sjht lwGsbv …iv dbHGv jvsk
pfv Ist mfbcsNv jfujmG zsbj nru rsq sosY. ˆ njt p§Ã W smdwb
rsh, kfYfVf zbA sjfb djYcv …iv bq. dj§Â pdl sjfb dbHGvspfoA stfj
sjfb dudbsnv iajk x k¶sj idvhkGb jsv bf, hvQ kf zuGsbv s[sÛ
lCvhDb äfvf y]fl slsJ sbq, kfrst kfv slJf zbcpfqD zfmt jvsk rsh.
smfejKf, pJbƒ sjfb djYc äfvf syfsJv slJf iamfdBk rsh, kJbƒ snƒ
(26) zfrmfl 1/162, dkvdmpD 3451bQ, rfsjm 4/285
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 25 26 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

lwGb zbcnfsv zfmt jvsk rsh. pfv ltDt vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ˆƒ …dÙÁ, psKó sufv dlsqsYb. (29)
.((‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5yE5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B‫و‬/ ‫;א‬79;7 E5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B)) hkGmfb pcso dIj¶rD mfnzftf-mfnfsqst ncl[ wfsmv rfbfID zfstm
ªpJb skfmvf y]fl slJsh, kJb svfpf vfJsh ˆhQ pJb skfmvf y]fl wfqJ mc²ÀfIf zfpX-pfvj¶f' (vfdrmfùïfr)ˆv vfqW zbcv™i.(30) ˆƒ ubA
slJsh, kJb „l jvsh. (27) dhNqdesj jcvzfb-rflDsnv ltDt ˆhQ iChGhkGD W
n…lD zfvshv ²¿fqD IfkfWqf jdmdeW ˆjƒ Iskfqf dlsqsY. (28) ivhkGD …tfmfosBv …dÙÁnmCsrv zfstfsj ndh²Àfv slJf zfhwAj.

wvqD mfn iamfsBv ubA suAfdkND drnfshv …iv ‰dkrfdnj ieHCdmjf

…©mskv …tfmfosBv msLA zoahkGDoB ˆ hAfifsv ˆjmk dYstb.
dbHGvwDtkf zhwA ivhkGDosBv djYc …tfmf kfsk mksHl jsvsYb. ðLc kfƒ bq,
ˆ jKf iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY sp, wvDqk yf¦û mfn sybfv mfLAm drnfsh hvQ k]fvf wvqD W ‰dkrfdnjok dlj sKsj ˆv dHdÙ J]csu dbsqsYb.
y]fl slJfsjƒ dbLGfvB jsvsY. ˆv ltDt drnfsh djYc rflDnW …sïJ jvf zk}iv zfidb snZHfoAÛÁsm htcb zKhf lcHGfoAÛÁsm htcb, k]fslv
rsqsY. snJfsb ˆ jKfW idv°jfv j'sv slWqf rsqsY mktshv djYc ltDt-iamfBW k]fslv r²Àok rsqsY. ˆƒ ubA k]fslv
sp, …©mskv …tfmfoB ˆ hAfifsv ˆjmk sp, yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN ltDtnmCsrv iadk kfrj¶Dj¶D (nkAfbcnáfbD) lxdó slWqfv iCshG ˆ dhNqdev
iamfB jvfv ubA sjht y]fl slJfƒ dbHGvspfoA rsh. ‰dkrfdnj zh²¿fsbv iadk ˆjhfv lxdóifk jvf zfhwAj. nckvfQ zfmvf
iaw´ } zfstfybfdesj lcƒ Hfso Hfo j'sv dbƒ }-
ˆJb ˆJfsb ˆjde iaw´ zfsn, hkGmfb pcso dhÎfb pJb ˆ jKf dbdlGó iaKm zfstfybf } iadnÝ zfrst ƒtXm, p]fslv iadk ˆ dhNqsj n©ixÙÁ
jsv dlsqsY sp, ˆk O¦ef ˆk dmdbse y]fl idÇymfjfsw slJf pfsh (spmb jvf rq.
k]fslv lfhD), kfrst dhÎfsbv zbAfbA kÙ¶ oarB jvfv mskf ˆ kÙ¶sjW däkDq zfstfybf } k]fslv ltDtnmCsrv ipGfstfybf.
oarB j'sv sbWqf rq bf sjb ˆhQ öys[ y]fl slJfv idvhskG
drnfshv …iv dbHGv j'sv svfpf W „slv Ifqnftf sbWqf rq bf sjb? iaKm zfstfybf }
…Ùv } ˆ dhNsq dtdJk hƒ-ic²Àsjv …iv buv slWqfv iv iadnÝ …tfmfosBv
ˆ jKf ðLcmfÛ ˆjde zdHmk bq. hvQ hkGmfb pcso ˆƒ msLA dbm´dtdJk jdkiq hAdÙÁv bfm zfsn }-
zdHmskv …iv hV sufv slWqf rs¤Y ˆhQ nfvf dhsw¶ zdHâ y¦û lwGsbv 1. iadnÝ kfshqD mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfr dhb zfwX-dwJXJDv
zdHmksj nfmsb ˆsb kfv …isvW sufv slWqf rs¤Y. …tfmf nmfsu 2. ƒmfm mcrf©mfl dhb ƒlvDn zfwX-wfsIqD
iadnÝ hAdÙÁosBv msLA zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ hAfifsv 3. Ij¶Dr mcrf©mfl dhb mcj¶fdkt rfbfID zfv-vfpD

(29) zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ hAfifsv ök§Ã ˆjde icd²Àjf vybf jsvsYb, pfv bfm
(27) hcJfvD 1900, mcndtm 2556bQ, slJcb } mfumC… vfnfsqt W IfkfWqf wfqJ dlsqsYb, ‫؟‬wY 3 ‫א‬ + F] zB ً ‫ •;ز‬CM ،€ + ‫; א‬Fr ‫ א‬C˜‫وא‬
30
ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 19/36-37 ( ) ubfshv nclDOG iahá slJcb } mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmDsk 2q nQJAf, 2q Jà
(28) IfkfWqft tfubfdkl lfsqmfr 10/99 932ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 27 28 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
4. zfhct zfêfn zfrmfl dhb …mfv dhb ncvfƒu zfwX-wfsIqD hf²Àshƒ mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfrv iadk ˆ …dÙÁv n©ijG ucVf ndEj. sjbbf,
5. zfècïfr dhb mcndtm dhb j¶kc fƒhfr zflX-lDbfzvD rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ hAfifsv zfstfybf jvsk dosq
6. kfdj¶…ÜDb zftD dhb zfèct jfID zfnX-nchjD dtsJsYb,
7. zfïfmfr zfrmfl dhb mcrf©mfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùmcïfù ufmDzf) .X ‫ وא‬،cŽr ‫ א‬8+ ‫ א‬8+ n9 % B :C e
…dïdJk hAdÙÁhoG YfVf zfsvf zsbsjv bfm siw jvf pfq. dj§Â spsrkc ªhtf rsqsY sp, dkdb mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfr dhb zfwX-dwJXJDv. zfv
nfLfvBHfsh zKhf dbu dbu mqlfsb …ÙÁ hAdÙÁosBv dhswN iaHfh zfsY, zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. (33)
ˆƒ ubA sjht ‰ bfmÈdtƒ psKó msb jvf rt. `zfkX-kfmrDl' oas§¿ ˆ iansÌ tìf zfstfybf jvsk dosq dkdb
iCshGfÙÁ bfmfhtDv sp kfdtjf siw jvf rt, kfsk iajk x k¶ jkef zfsY, dtsJsYb,
kfv zbcmfb dbsm´v iMXdÙÁnmCsr nrsu jvf pfsh.
‫ א م‬% š" ‫ א‬8 €>+ d ‫_ א‬G‫ د‬P™ dG P‫ – و‬e ‫ א‬%` ] ‡M\9 ;M‫و‬
mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfr dhb zfwX-dwJXJDv (vfdrmfùïfr) (31) 89 P S >G ›‫ و‬.(( z- 5 z/ ‫;א‬H ]- 5yE/5 X4 Y2 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 -%>- G/u7 - ‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5 ‫و‬/ -%>- G/ u7 - ‫;א‬79;7'))
rpvk mck¶fdvGI (vfdrmfùïfr)v bfm rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG k]fv oa§¿ n9 8 [‫ و‬w ;M œB‫ و‬،O ‫ > א " زل ’ ذ‬+ ˆ E ‫ א‬FZE
`zfkX-kfmrDl' W `zft-ƒd²Àpjfv'-ˆ, rfsIp zft-ƒvfj¶D k]fv oa§¿
`k¶fvùk kfNvDh'-ˆ ˆhQ rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïfr) k]fv oa§¿ <‫\وذ‬r % % ]‫‡ א‬Q‫ و‬9 o' ; ‫ و‬.X ‫ وא‬،%" o & + W ‫ و‬،cŽr ‫ א‬8+
`Ifkùt hfvD'sk …sïJ jsvsYb. k]fvf njstƒ ˆ jKf k]fv dlsj .% €„ ‫ א‬€3 Ž ‫و‬
n©ixÙÁ jsvsYb sp, pdl …bdÛswv náAfq z²Àfyt smOf¤Yâ Kfsj, kfrst ª(pdl …bdÛswv náAfq z²Àfyt smOf¤Yâ Kfsj, kfrst idÓjf W y¦û-
idÓjf W y¦û-dkdKv drnfh zbcnfsv svfpf vfJf spsk ifsv. (32) dkdKv drnfh zbcnfsv svfpf vfJf spsk ifsv) ˆ rt ˆmb ˆjde mk, pf
ˆJfsb ˆjde jKf ±ió Kfjf Hfstf sp, sp …tfmfoBƒ ˆ jKfv n©ijG vfnCtcïfr sKsj iamfdBk rflDnnmCsrv jfvsB iafyDbjfstv W
mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfrv nfsK ucsVsYb, k]fslv njstv v¢uc²¿t rstb hkGmfsbv …tfmfoB huGb jsvsYb. bhD hstsYb, ªy]fl slsJ svfpf
rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG. zKy rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfsvGv vfsJf, y]fl slsJ „l jv. zk}iv skfmfslv zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjst (mfn)
djkfhnmCsrv dlsj v¢uc jvfv isv dbdÇykHfsh ˆ jKf htf pfsh bf sp, dÛw iCBG jsv bfW.« zfv zfmfv ufbf msk mcndtmslv sjfb Ij¶Dr ˆ
(31) mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfr dhb zfwX-dwJXJDv (vfdrmfùïfr) hV hV kfsh„bslv
hAfifvsj dkdK-drnfshv …iv dHdÙ jsvbdb. ˆ hAfifsv pf hdBGk, kf rt
msLA oBA hAdÙÁk¶. dkdb iadnÝ nfrfhD zfècïfr dhb zfwX-dwJXJDv -ˆv icÛ. ƒmfm mck¶fdvGI dhb zfècïfrv …dÙÁ. zKy kf k]fv dbje sKsj (hBGbf) ðÝ bq.
pfrfhD k]fv hAfifsv dtsJsYb, ªiamfB-iadkm zflwG ƒmfm.« iv§Â dkdb dYstb zkA§À zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. pdlW kf ðÝ rskf, khcW kfv …iv zfmt
ivsrpofv, k]fv lczf jhct rk ˆhQ k]fv mfLAsm jfvfmk ialdwGk rsqsY. nb 95 Wqfsuh rskf bf. spsrkc kf dhvt …dÙÁ ˆhQ ltDt kfv iadkjCt. (34)
druvDsk k]fv ƒd§Àjft rsqsY. rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïfr) k]fv hAfifsv rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïf)W rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt
hstsYb, `dkdb rflDsn dbHGvspfoA, zfshl W mpGflfn©iâ hAdÙÁ dYstb.' jcksc h
dnÙfv ˆjub hBGbfjfvD dkdb. slJcb } dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf' 4/187, kfj¶vDhck
kfrpDh 948ix})
(32) kfmrDl 14/352, ƒd²Àpjfv 10/18, Ifkùt hfvD 4/122, k¶fvùk kfNvDh (33) ƒd²Àpjfv 10/18
4/112 (34) kfmrDl 14/352
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 29 30 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
hfsvGv …ÙÁ …dÙÁƒ …Ýxk jsvsYb. (35) dbdÇykHfsh htsk ifvshb sp, …ÙÁ mk ƒmfm nfsrshv bq. ˆ YfVf …ÙÁ
rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG W rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùmfïfr)ˆv jKfsj ƒmfm wfsIqDv iadk n©ixÙÁ jvfsj ˆjfdLj ƒmfm Hct hst
hÙÁhA sKsj ˆ jKf hcUf pfq sp, yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN jvfv dHdÙv zfJAfqb jsvsYb. spmb ƒmfm ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG, ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr,
hAfifvef rpvk mckf¶ dvGI dhb zfècïfrv dlsj n©ixÙÁ jvf lcƒHfsh ndEj rfsIp pfqbcÜDb ƒvfj¶D ˆhQ zfïfmfr zfhC hfjXv zft-zfvfhD
bq }- (vfdrmfùmcïfù ufmDzf). (38)
ˆj } k]fv iadk ˆ jKfv n©ijG ðÝ (iamfdBk) bq. zfv ˆJfb rskƒ lcƒ } snƒ jKfƒ, pf rpvk mck¶fdvGI (vfdrmfùïfr)v hAfifsv htf rsqsY,
snƒ nh stJjslv Hct W Û¢dev jKf zbcmfb jvf pfq, p]fvf ˆ jKfv kfƒ htf pfsh sp, (svfpf-„l jvfv) ˆƒ zbcmdk sjht snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA
n©ijG rpvk mckf¶ dvGI dhb zfècïfrv nfsK dbdÇyk hfsjA ucsV Kfsjb. rsh, sp y¦û-dkdKv drnfsh l[ ˆhQ snƒ zh²¿fq rsh, pJb y]fslv
lcƒ } …ÙÁ jKfv n©ijG rpvk mckf¶ dvGsIv nfsK ucVf ndEj hst smsb lwGb²¿t smOf¤Yâ hf LCdtmq Kfjfv jfvsB y]fl slJf nýh rsh bf.
dbstW y]fslv dkdK drnfshv …iv dHdÙ jsv svfpf-„l sjht ˆjde
zh²¿fq rsk ifsv, pJb y]fslv …lq²¿t smOtf Kfsj ˆhQ Ij¶Dr mcrf©mfl dhb mcj¶fdkt rfbfID zfv-vfpD (39)
suAfdk}wf²ÃdhlXoB ˆ jKfv dbÇyqkf slb sp, pdl smO bf Kfjk, kfrst dIj¶srv oa§¿nmCsr …dïdJk, mcrf©mfl dhb mcj¶fdkt vfpDv mk dYt, pdl
zhwAƒ y]fl slJf spk. ˆjfdLj suAfdkND ˆ jKfv nmKGb jvk sp, zfu y]fl dbdÇykHfsh slJf
pfsh, kfrst dkdb kfslv jKfv …iv dHdÙ (j'sv svfpf-„l) jvskb.
ƒmfm mcrf©mfl dhb ƒlvDn zfwX-wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr) dj§Â iaKmk} k]fv uDhÜwf sKsj ufbf pfq sp, rflDn W dIj¶sr dkdb
ˆ mskv däkDq Èv¢k¶iCBG hAdÙÁk¶ rstb, ƒmfm wfsIqD. nckvfQ ˆmb mpGflfv zdLjfvD dYstb bf, pfv Ist k]fv dhsvfdLkf …©mskv
k]fv …dÙÁv …Ýxdk dlsq htf rq sp, sp hAdÙÁ y¦û-dkdK W b[Û Îfsbv ‰jmskA sjfb iaHfh iVsh.
mfLAsm y]fslv …lq-zs²Àv zdHÎkf vfsJ ˆhQ sn kfv mfLAsm ˆ jKf däkDqk} sJfl rfbfID mprfshv ˆjfdLj …tfmf; spmb ƒmfm nfvfJnD
susb sbq sp, zfu y]fl zhwAƒ slJf pfsh, dj§Â y]fl slJfv iamcJ k]fv ˆ mskv Jàb jsvsYb. (40)
nmsq …lq²¿st smO sYsq sot, kfrst kfv ubA ³hL, sn svfpfv dbqk
jvsh. ˆ svfpf kfv ubA psKó rsh, zKGf{ kfv Ivp zflfq rsq pfsh.(36) zfhct zfêfn zfrmfl dhb ncvfƒu zfwX-wfsIqD(41)
ˆJfsb lcde jKf zbcLfhbspfoA }-
ˆj } ˆ jKf ƒmfm wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr)v sjfb djkfsh (37) mucl sbƒ. (38) kfmrDl 14/353, mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/182, k¶fvùk kfNvDh 4/112, zf-
k]fv sjfb …ipcÙÁ YfÛW kf hBGbf jsvbdb. zfv bf ˆ jKf ƒmfm dvpfkct zfrWqfpD 3/307 iaHdx k
(39) ƒdb ƒmfm mcrf©mfl dhb rfnfb wfƒhfbDv YfÛ. ƒmfm zjD' iamcJ sKsj rflDn
(vfdrmfùïfr)v ƒtXmD-iÝdkv zbcjCt. dhswN j'sv pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ hBGbf jsvsYb. mcrfdÜnDboB k]fsj `pqDI' hstsYb. dIj¶sr k]fv hV mpGflf dYt.
ƒmfm nfsrshv djkfh `zfv-dvnftfr' isV Kfsjb, kfrst dkdb ˆ jKf slJcb } zft-ufWqfdrv¢t mcp¶Dzfr 3/372, mDpfbct ƒ'dklft 4/47, kfj¶vDhck
kfrpDh 898, jfwIct zfnkfv 96ix}
(35) Ifkùt hfvD 4/157 (40) slJcb } zft-mfhnCk¶ 3/78, zft-zfwhfr zb-bfpfsqv 200, kfbhDùt ofsIt
(36) kfmrDl 14/352-353 96ix}
( 37 ) spmb } zft-…©m, zfrjfmct j¶cvzfb, zft-mcnbfl, kf'hDtc mcJkftfdIt (41) ƒdb nmnfmdqj jfstv ˆjub ƒmfm dYstb. ƒmfm wfsIqDv YfÛ mcpfbDv dbje
rflDN ƒkAfdl. ƒtXm dw[f jsvsYb ˆhQ kfsk dkdb ˆmb mpGflfq si]ZsY dYstb sp, k]fsj kxkDq
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 31 32 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
sp njt …tfmfv dlsj …ÙÁ jKfv n©ijG ucVf ndEj hst mfbf pfq, t[BDq sp, ƒmfm wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr)v nfsK k]fv nf[f{ rqdb. ˆJb
k]fslv msLA ˆjub Èv¢k¶iCBG W iafyDb hAdÙÁk¶ ƒmfm ƒhsb ncvfƒu iaw´ rt, ƒmfm wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr)v …dÙÁ ƒmfm ƒhsb ncvfƒu
(vfdrmfùïfr). ˆ jfvsBƒ zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) k]fv bfm (vfdrmfùïfr)v jfsY jDHfsh si]ZYt? sjbbf, ƒhsb ncvfƒu dbu jKfv
hV lxPkfv nfsK …sïJ jsvsYb. (42) hcdbqfl ƒmfm wfsIqDvƒ jKfv …iv ²¿fib jsvsYb.
dj§Â djYc jKf t[BDq }- 3. ƒhsb ncvfƒsuv iadk n©ixÙÁ jKf sKsj ±ió rq sp, suAfdkN-
1. ƒhsb ncvfƒu (vfdrmfùïfr)v dtdJk sjfb oa§¿ zfmfslv jfsY drnfshv …iv dHdÙ j'sv svfpf vfJf ³hL, ksh kfsk djYc wkG zfsY }-
hkGmfb sbƒ. dIj¶srv djkfhnmCsr k]fv ˆjde hAfijfKGshfLj …dÙÁ zfsY. (j) suAfdkN-drnfshv …iv dHdÙ j'sv ˆ jKf dbdÇykv™si iamfB rsq
kfv hAfJAf jvf ˆhQ kf rsk mfnzftf oarB jvfv hAfifsv wfsIqD pfsh sp, y]fl …lq rsqsY.
Icj¶frfslv mksHl zfsY. ƒmfm bfWqfhD, rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv ˆhQ (J) …lq²¿t smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist y]fl slJf nýh rsh bf.
rfsIp pfƒbcÜDb ƒvfj¶D (vfdrmfùmcïfr) wfsIqD ƒmfmosBv i]fyde (o) sjht y]fslv drnfhÎslv ubAƒ drnfshv …iv zfmt jvf ³hL,
zdHmk …Ýxk jsvsYb; pf dbm´v™i }- zbAslv ubA bq.
(j) …lq²¿t idv°jfv bf rWqfv jfvsB vmpfsbv y]fl slJf bf sost 4. ˆmb msb rq sp, ƒhsb ncvfƒu (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ jKf dbu ƒmfsmv
yf¦û-drnfh W dkdK-dhÎ hAdÙÁv ubA dbsuv zdHÎkfsj dHdÙ j'sv kfj¶tDl (záfbcjvB) j'svƒ hstsYb. zfv nfLfvBk} slJf pfq sp,
svfpf vfJf ³hL. dj§Â ˆ svfpf Ivspv ²¿tfdHdNÙÁ rsh bf. HdÙÁ W záfbcjvsBv dwjfv rsq sjfb jKfv nmKGb ˆhQ dbu
(J) svfpf vfJf ³hL rsh ˆhQ kfsk IvpW zflfq rsq pfsh. wasÝqHfub hAdÙÁv i[ sKsj iadkhfl jvsk hfLA rsq pfq. zKy
(o) ndEj drnfh-dhÎslv ubA ˆmb dlsb svfpf vfJf ³hL rsh. zbAslv kfv …sÜwA hfdkstv nis[ iadkhfl jvf Kfsj bf. ˆƒ ubA Jch nýhk}
ubA ðÝ rsh bf. ƒmfm zfhct zfêfn (vfdrmfùïfr) ipG§À ƒmfm wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr)v
(O) oardhÎfbD W suAfdkdhGslv ubA svfpf vfJf ³hL rsh ˆhQ zbAslv iadk n©ixÙÁ ‰ …dÙÁ jfsvf mfLAsm si]ZsYsY ˆhQ dkdb dbu ƒmfsmv
ubA ³hL rsh bf. záfbcjvB W HdÙÁhwk} kf oarB W iayfv jvsk zbsbAfifq dYstb.
(M) b[ÛÎ W suAfdkdhGslv ubA svfpf vfJf ³hL rsh ˆhQ zbAslv nckvfQ pJb ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, …ÙÁ zdHmk ƒmfm wfsIqDv bq,
ubAW ³hL rsh. (43) kJb ltDt oarsBv njt dHdÙƒ dbdÇyrÁ rsq pfq. (44) zfv zfïfrƒ
2. ƒmfm ƒhsb ncvfƒu (vfdrmfùïfr)v ƒtXm W ivsrpofvD dbsuv zdLj ufsbb.
ufqofq öDjxk ˆhQ k]fv dIj¶rD l[kfW zböDjfpG. dj§Â ˆ jKfW
zfècïfr dhb mcndtm dhb j¶ckfƒhfr (vfdrmfùïfr)(45)
wkfèDv `mcufdÜl' (äDb nQõfvj) htf rsqsY. 306 druvDsk k]fv ƒd§Àjft rq.
htf rq sp, dkdb iafq 400 djkfshv iasBkf dYstb. slJcb } zft-WqfID dht-
zdIqfk 7/260, dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf' 14/210, zft-ƒ'tfm, pfvjftD (44) slJcb } dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 2/204
1/185 (45) ƒdb ƒhsb j¶ckfƒhfr zflX-lDbfzvD bfsm iadnÝ. dkdb jÕv nftfID smufsuv
(42) slJcb } dvnftfkc zfWqfdqdtw wcrCv 15ix} dYstb. ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr) k]fsj `Jfk¶Dhc zfrdtn ncâfr' …ifdL
(43) zft-mfumC' 6/235, Ifkùt hfvD 4/123, k¶fvùk kfNvDh 4/112-113, lfb jsvsYb. dkdb dYstb hù oa§¿iasBkf. ƒmfm ƒnrfj dhb vfrWqfƒsrv mprfshv
zft-zftfmct mfbwCv, nchjD 30-32ix} zbcnfvD dYstb. dkdb 276 druvDv vuh mfsn ƒd§Àjft jsvb. ƒmfm pfrfhD k]fsj
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 33 34 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjf zh²¿fq idÓjf hf suAfdkN drnfshv …iv dbHGv ˆJdkqfv jvdY, dhswN j'sv ufsqp rWqfv hAfifsv, Wqfsuh rWqfv
jvfv hAfifsv zfïfmf ƒhsb j¶kc fƒhfv bfm rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG hAfifsv bq. zfv ufsqp rWqfsj ˆJdkqfv jvfv zfmfv wkG rt ˆƒ sp,
(vfdrmfùïfr) …sïJ jsvsYb. dj§Â iaKmk} ƒhsb j¶k c fƒhfv nfsK ˆ drnfhwfs²Ãv mfLAsm ˆ jKf ±ió rsq pfsh sp, y]fl zhwAƒ slJf pfsh.
zdHmskv n©ijG ucVfv hAfifsv stJsjv ns¦lr zfsY.(46) däkDqk} zfv ˆ Îfb suAfdkNwfs²Ãv l[ idàk YfVf zfv jfsvf zuGb rq
rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG (vfdrmfùïfr) zfïfmf ƒhsb j¶k c fƒhfv …ÙÁ bf.«(49)
zdHmk …Ýxk jvfv iv dtsJsYb, `ˆef ƒhsb j¶k c fƒhfv dhNq bq ˆhQ
ˆƒ swaBDv mfnfsqst k]fv …iv dbHGv jvf pfsh, kfW ndEj bq.(47) zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr)(50)
rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïfr)W ƒhsb zfdèt hfsvGv …ÙÁ hfjA …Ýxk zfmfv dbje ivhkGDslv msLA ƒdbƒ nhsysq shdw Èv¢k¶iCBG hAdÙÁ.
jsv k]fv nrmk iajfw jsvsYb.(48) spsrkc zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) rflDn, dIj¶r, hvQ njt iajfv wvqD ƒtXm
W HfNf-dhlAfq ncidàk. zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) 1357 druvD smfkfshj
ƒmfm kfdj¶qcAÜDb nchjD wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr) 1939 dJa±efsè ˆjde icd²Àjf vybf jsvb ˆhQ kfsk dkdb 3de
ˆ hAfifsv ƒmfm nchjD (vfdrmfùïfr)v bfm …sïJ jvf rq ˆhQ k]fv jKfv …iv sufv slb }-
zdHmkW iafq kfƒ, pf ƒhsb ncvfƒu (vfdrmfùïfr) nìsá …Ýxk jvf 1. yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN dbBGq jvfv hAfifsv hkGmfsb y]fl
rsqsY. nckvfQ dkdb k]fv djkfh `zft-zftfmct mfbwCv'-ˆ …ÙÁ dhNsq slJfv …iv dbHGv jvf ³hL bq.
zfstfybf jvsk dosq dtsJsYb, 2. nfvf dhw¶sj ƒntfmD iafBsj¦û mÄf mcjfvGfmfv y]fl slJfv zbcofmD
، ;Q; ‫ ’ א‬J €' T ‫ ’ א•;אز‬%ZE‫ وא‬89‫ و‬‰G # 8+‫;ل א‬e O ‫> ’ ذ‬T‫ א‬yE rsk rsh.
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.X ‫ وא‬€ " ‫ ’ א‬M JB O ‫ ذ‬C ( 49 ) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 22ix}, ivhkGDslv ˆj dmnvD rfbfID zfstm wfqJ
mcrf©mfl dhb hfJfƒk zft-mck¶DqDvW vfq ˆjƒ. slJcb } k]fv icd²Àjf `ƒvwflc
ªˆ hAfifsv zfdm ƒhsb ncvfƒu W k]fv mkfbcnfvDslv zdHmk zfrdtt dmïfr' 257-258ix}, zbcv™i k]fv YfÛ zfrmfl zft-of©mfvD zft-
mfodvhDW ˆƒ vfqsj iafLfbA dlsqsYb ˆhQ dkdb ˆ iansÌ ˆjde icd²Àjf vybf
jsvsYb, pfv bfm dlsqsYb `kfWuDùt zfbpfv' slJcb } 52-53ix}
`zft-zfïfmfkct jfhDv pct-IcbCb' hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb. slJcb } dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb ( 50 ) ƒdb 1309 druvDsk dmnsv u¦moarB jsvb. dbu dikf zfïfmf mcrf©mfl
bchftf 13/296, zdIqfkct zf'qfb 3/42-43 wfsjsvv sn´r-Yfqfsk sKsj äDbD W ifdKGh kvdhqk zuGb j'sv ˆmb ˆj mpGflfq
(46) ns¦lr ˆƒ ubA zfsY sp, …ÙÁ zfïfmfv ˆjfdLj djkfshv iadk v¢uC jvfv isvW …âDk rb sp, stfsj k]fv dikfsj Hcst pfb. zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) rflDn, kfInDv,
kfsk k]fv ˆ zdHmskv …sïJ ifWqf pfqdb. zfv rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG hAkDk dIj¶r, nfdrkA, hvQ iaskAj dhlAfskƒ ifvlwGD dYstb. zfLcdbj pcsov dhdHâ
zbA sj… k]fv ˆ zdHmk …ÝxkW jsvbdb. ðv¢sk zfmfv nclxP LfvBf dYt sp, nmnAfsk k]fv oHDv lxdó dYt, spmb k]fv vybf W kfrj¶Dj¶-stJbDsk iajfw. mrfb
zfïfmfv …ÙÁ zdHmk k]fv `ofvDhct rflDN' bfmj oas§¿ zhwAƒ ifWqf pfsh. dj§Â zfïfr zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)sj dh±mqjv lc}nfrdnjkf lfb jsvdYstb. nmnfmdqj
zoHDv zbcnáfsbv isvW …ÙÁ (y]fl slJfv) rflDn `djkfhcn dn¶qfm' ˆhQ `zfrflDnc jfst zá kfj¶tDl W mprfhD ObDHCk zh²¿fv …iv oHDv zfOfk srsbdYstb. 30
ƒhsb …mfv'-ˆ ifWqf pfqdb. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. hYv zsi[f shdw nmq Lsv dhyfvj isl hrft dYstb. 1377 druvDsk k]fv
(47) kfmrDl 14/352 ƒd§Àjft rq. (slJcb } k]fv Hfƒ mfrmCl wfsjsvv dtdJk `jfdtmfkct rfĶ'ˆv
(48) Ifkùt hfvD 4/133 HCdmjf.
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3. nfvf dhw¶sj ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf, „l W zfvfIf iftb jvsk rsh. wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr) dtsJsYb,
zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v iaKm jKfv nfvnQs[i ˆƒ sp, ˆ …©mk sKsj ‫_؛‬
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v¢uc jvf Wqfsuh. yf[cN y]fl slJfv mfnzftfsj lCsv svsJ mfsnv iaKm
kfvDJ snefƒ oBA jvf …dyk, sp kfvDsJ y]fl nCspGv iv z²À pfsh; pdlW
zfrmfl wfsjsvv iadkhfsl ˆjde icd²Àjf vybf jsvsYb, pfv bfm dlsqsYb, {cx ;
kf [dBsjv iv rq.(51)
iCshGv ixôfÈdtsk y]fl slJfv mntf kKf yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN ‫> ذ‬# G ¤ e zKGf{, `…²Àfp! pdl ˆ jKf zfidb YfVf zbA sj… htk'.
dbBGsqv hAfifsv idÓjf hf suAfdkNwfs²Ãv drnfshv …iv dbHGvkfv iadnÝ kÙ¶fbcnáfbD zfstm zfïfmf hfjXv zfhC pfql (vfdrmfùïfr) dtsJsYb, wfqJ
‰dkrfdnj ieHCdmjf siw jsvdY. pfv mfLAsm ufbf pfq sp, sp njt ƒnmf„t zfbnfvD (vfdrmfùïfr)v jfsY zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr)v ˆjde dydE
zfmfv r²Àok rt. pfsk dkdb dbsuv stJfv ubA Hct öDjfv jsvsYb ˆhQ ±ió
pwöD …tfmfslv iadk …ÙÁ zdHmk n©ixÙÁ jvf rq, k]fslv iadk ˆ dtsJsYb, `zfdm ˆƒ zdHmsk n§Âó bƒ. hvQ ˆ dhNqdesj …Úfib jvfƒ zfmfv
n©ijG ucVfef öd²ÀmCtj bq. sp njt wskGv nfsK iCshGfÙÁ …tfmfoB …sÜwA dYt.' (dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 2/204)
(idÓjfv …iv dbHGv j'sv svfpf-„l jvfv) zbcmdk dlsqsYb, kfsk zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr)v …ÙÁ dydE sKsj ˆ jKf ufbf pfq sp, k]fv
hAfij zbcmdk iamfB rq bf. hvQ hAdÙÁokHfsh zfmstv zbcmdk zfsY. dbsuv vfsqv …iv dkdb n§Âó bb ˆhQ ˆJb dkdb snƒ vfq sKsj v¢uc jvsYb.
zhwA hkGmfb pcso ˆmb stfj u¦m dbsqsYb, p]fvf hstb, pJb drnfhÎ ˆJfsb zfsvf ˆjde jKf iadBLfbspfoA sp, zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v …ÙÁ icd²Àjfde
W y]fslv dkdKÎfbn©iâ stfsjv u¦m rsqsY, kJb drnfh W idÓjfv 1357 druvD smfkfshj 1939 dJa±efsè stJf rsqdYt; zKGf{ k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iafq
20 hYv iCshG. zk}iv dkdb ixKj hƒ-ic²Àj vybfq hA²À Kfsjb. kfsk …ÙÁ
mfLAsmƒ mfsnv ðv¢ W swN dbBGq jvf …dyk. ˆƒ ubA nýhk} zfdm ˆ dhNqdesj …Úfib jvfv ˆjfdLjhfv ncspfo rfsk ˆsnsY, dj§Â dkdb ˆsjhfsvƒ bDvh
jKf htst rj hth sp, ˆef hkGmfb pcsov ˆjde dhlzfk, zfv sKsjsYb. dhswN j'sv mcnbfsl zfrmfslv hAfJAf, pfv iaKm Jsàv HCdmjf 1365
lcHGfoAÛÁsm zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr)vW jtm ˆJfsb sr]fye druvDsk stJf rsqsY ˆhQ mcnbfsl ˆmb zsbj rflDn k]fv busv isVsY, pf …ÙÁ
sJsqsY.(52) dhNsqv nfsK n©ixÙÁ. dj§Â dkdb sjfb rflDsnv …iv sjfb eDjf dtsJbdb. ˆmbdj
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv snƒ rflDnW k]fv busv isVsY, sp rflDnsj
…tfmfoB slwdHdÙj y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv j'sv svfpf-„l jvfv ltDtv™si siw
jsv Kfsjb. …ÙÁ rflDsnv nbl dbsq zfstfybf j'sv ifv rsq sosYb ˆhQ ˆjde
(51) zfWqfdqtcw wcrCv 14ix} wèW dtsJbdb. (slJcb } 4 Jà 282ix}) zKy dbsuv zdHmk hAÙÁ jvfv ˆde ˆjde
(52) zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v iadk t[ t[ jv¢Bf hdNGk srfj, ufdb bf dkdb sjfb Èv¢k¶iCBG ufqof dYt; spmb ˆƒ swaBDv ufqofsk k]fv zdHmk hAÙÁ jvfv zHAfn
mfbdnjkf dbsq icd²Àjfde vybf jsvsYb. k]fv mskf nftfID W zfNfvD zfstm äfvf vsqsY. iv§Â t[A jv¢b, sp dh²Àfdvk dhNq-nCyD dkdb …ÙÁ oas§¿v iaskAj Jsàv
ˆmb zihAfJAf iayfv rWqf dhsw¶v zfÇypGnmCsrv zbAkm. nkA jKf sp, stJj pJb swsNv dlsj ²¿fib jsvsYb ˆhQ pfv ubA dkdb mcnbfslv zfnt jfu ðv¢ jsvdYstb,
k]fv ˆƒ icd²Àjfde ifE jvt, kJb dbsuv nfKD-nÌDslv htsk tfot, pdl zfdm snJfsb rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv rflDsnv …iv dwsvfbfm dlsqsYb,
zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v stJf ˆhQ kfv vybfSwtD nìsá zhok bf rkfm, kfrst XF>Gu + CM CY ‫ ل و‬¤‫ א‬€Gu
zfdm htkfm sp, ˆ stJf k]fv bq. dj§Â iahfl nkA sp, ;3M › CY ‫ و‬، ; ` ‫;אد‬Q CY zKGf{, y]fl slJf ˆhQ iaskAj slwhfnDv dbu dbu lwGb (zbcpfqD svfpf-„l).
zKGf{, iaskAj Hfstf sOfVfW mcJ KchsV isV ˆhQ iaskAj zfstm äfvfW dhycAdk Ose. (4/381)
isv ufbsk ifvtfm ˆƒ zfÇypG W zhfj rWqfsk sjht stJj ˆjf bq, hvQ zfmfv ˆ njt jKf ˆƒ iajk x k¶sj wdÙÁwftD jsv sp, zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu vfq
iCshGW zbA djYc …tfmf zhfj rsqsYb. nckvfQ wfqJ ƒnmf„t zfbnfvD zfïfmf iakAfrfv j'sv dbsqsYb. zt-rfmlc dtïfr.
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ifKGjA …sïJ jsvbdb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ …Hsqv mfsU ifKGjA hAÙÁ jvsh,
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.X• -4 97 7%5 e5 / E5 -%+- …ÙÁ lcƒ ƒmfsmv hÙÁhA sKsj ˆ jKf ±ió rsq pfq sp, yf¦û mfn iamfB
zKGf{, (mfsnv ðv¢ W swN sjht y]fl slJfv dHdÙsk rsh) ˆ jKfv jvfv ubA y¦û lwGb rt wkG. bsy{ 30 dlsbv Èbdk iCvB jvf uv¢vD.
…iv mcndtmvf ˆjmk. zfnstƒ ˆ hAfifsv bf sjfb icvsbf mksHl ˆƒ zdHmkƒ nftfI W JftfsIv …tfmfosBv. pdl ivhkGDsk djYc stfj
ufbf pfq, bf sjfb bkcb mksHl. r]Af, kxkDq wkfèDv iv djYc zdHbh ˆƒ `ƒumf' sKsj shv rsq mksHl jsvsY, kfrst kfW Jch nDmfhÝ hxsÙ.
Icj¶frfkctA hAdÙÁv ˆ LfvBf dYt sp, (…bdÛswv náAfq) z²Àfyt smOf¤Yâ ˆv Ist …©mskv ƒumf iaHfdhk zhwAƒ rq, dj§Â kfv iafmfdBj-
Kfjst y]fslv drnfhÎ hAdÙÁv ubA ³hL, sn dbsuv drnfh zbcpfqD dbsu spfoAkf swN rsq pfq bf. nýhk} ˆƒ jfvsBƒ n†lD zfvshv
zfmt jvsh.(53) nckvfQ drnfh pdl hst sp, (zfjfw idv°jfv Kfjst y]fl ²¿fqD …tfmf-jdmde ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr)v …ÙÁ
zhwAƒ) slJf spk, kfrst sn svfpf vfJsh; bsy{ bf. zfv ˆ zdHmk zdHmksj nmKGb jsvsYb.(56) iadnÝ nkAfbcnáfbD zfstm wfqJ hfjXv
pdlW zfjfw smOtf Kfjfv wkGnfsi[ ˆhQ drnfh-uf§Àfv ubA Jfn, dhb zfhC pfql (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ dhNsq ˆjde nclDOG n¦lHG vybf jsvsYb.
khcW kf dhvt ˆhQ kfv dhivDk zdHmskv …iv ‰jmkA iadkôftfsHv pf iaskAj dw[fbcvfoDv ubA znDm …ijfvD.(57)
isvv jKf. i[f§Àsv zfjfw idv°jfv Kfjf zh²¿fq kf smsb sbWqf zKhf
kfsj hAfij dbslGwv™si dbLGfvB jvfv jKf sjfb mcndtm hstdb.(54) däkDq zfstfybf }
rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïfr) ƒhsb ncvfƒsuv …dÙÁ …Ýxk jvfv ltDtnmCr dbsq nmD[f
iv dtsJsYb, ªƒhbcn n¶fhXhfo (zfècn nfƒdql dhb mcrf©mfl) hstsYb, y]fl slJfv hlst suAfdkN W idÓjfv drnfhsj dHdÙ j'sv svfpf-„l
`suAfdkNwfs²Ãv drnfshv dHdÙsk svfpf vfJf smfseƒ Wqfsuh rsh bf. n©iflbjfvDslv djYc hdBGk ltDt W pcdÙÁ zfsY. dbsm´ k]fslv jdkiq
zfmfslv mprfshv …tfmfoB ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk.' (rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv Èv¢k¶iCBG hdBGk ltDt …sïJ jvf rs¤Y. zhwA dhshjianCk
hstb,) zfdm hdt, `ƒhbct mcbdpv öDq djkfh zft-ƒwvfsI ˆ pcdÙÁnmCr …sïJ jvfv ncspfo ˆJfsb sbƒ. sjbbf dhshjianCk pcdÙÁnmCsrv
jKfv …iv …©mskv ƒumf (‰jmkA) …Ýxk jsvsYb sp, zfjfw dhyfv jvfv mfsbƒ rt icd²Àjfv jsthv hxdÝ jvf. dh²Àfdvk ufbsk
smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv jfvsB pdl y]fl slJf bf pfq, kfrst 30 km dlsb svfpf zfoarD ncLDmàtD mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf 2q nQJAf, 2q Jà
ˆhQ zfhrfNc djhfdvt …tfmfv 3q Jà slJsk ifsvb.
(53) dj§Â ˆJfsb ˆjef iaw´ WsE sp, drnfhÎslv jKf zfjfw smOtf Kfjf zh²¿fq
oarBspfoA ˆhQ idv°jfv Kfjf zh²¿fq bq---ˆƒ ifKGsjAv jcvzfb W rflDndHdÙj iaKm ltDt } zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb,
ltDt sjfKfq? iv§Â ªpdl zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfsj, kfrst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG
j'sv bfW« vfnCtcïfr -ˆv ˆƒ hfBDv zKG jD? zKy ˆ rflDn sjht rflDsnv iadnÝ ( 55 ) Ifkùt hfvD 4/157-158 lfv¢n nftfm Yfif, dh²Àfdvk slJcb } zfhrfNc
Yqde oas§¿ iafq Yqub nfrfhD jkGxj hdBGk rsqsY. (slJcb } ufsm…t …nCt 6/260 W rfƒqfdk djhfdvt …tfmf 3/30
kfv ivhkGD ixôf) (56) iCshGfÙÁ `zfhrfN' slJcb.
(54) mfumC… IfkfWqf 25/132-133 (57) dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 2/189 W kfv ivhkGD ixôfnmCr
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 39 40 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

.((7%5 ‫وא‬7 7 eْ E5 X4 Y2 4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 ‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5yE5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B‫و‬/ ‫;א‬79;7 E5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B)) …ÙÁ ltDt oarsBv …iv jsqjde zfidÙ zfsY }-
zKGf{, pJb skfmvf y]fl slJ, kJb svfpf (ðv¢) jv ˆhQ (29 kfvDsJ) 1. mchfvj rflDsnv ˆ zKG, pf iafKdmj wkfèDnmCsrv sjfb ƒmfm,
pJb skfmvf y]fl slJ, kJb svfpf YfV. zk}iv pdl (29 kfvDsJv Ij¶Dr zKhf zfstm jkGj x iamfdBk bq.( 60 ) hvQ kfv dhivDk
náAfq) zfjfw smOtf Kfsj, kfrst kfv zbcmfb jv. (58) zsKG …©mskv …tfmf W dmïskv Icj¶frfosBv ‰jmkA zfsY, spmb
ltDt oarB jvfv jfvB ˆƒ sp, …ÙÁ rflDsn bhhD dbslGw vsqsY sp, wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfv rfWqftfq …dïdJk rsqsY.
ªzfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjst kfv zbcmfb jv.« zfv zbA rflDsn zfsY, 2. rflDn W ƒtXsm rflDsnv nfsK pcÙÁ iaskAj kfstsh ƒtXm ˆ jKf
ªÈbdk 30 iCvB j'sv bfW.« nfLfvBk} …tfmfoB däkDq hBGbfsj iaKm ufsbb sp, sjfb rflDsnv zKG dbLGfvB jvfv iCshG nhGfsoa …ÙÁ rflDsnv
hBGbfv hAfJAf msb jsvb. dj§Â drnfhi§¿D rpvkslv hÙÁhA rt, rflDsnv dhdHâ nCsÛv …iv lxdó dIvfsbf rq. sjbbf, zsbj nmq rflDn ˆj nCsÛ
lcƒ wsè lcƒ swaBDv mfbcNsj nsìfLb jvf rsqsY. spJfsb bhD zbcmfb nQd[åHfsh hdBGk rq, zfhfv zbA ˆj nbl nCsÛ zKhf zbA sjfb
jvfv jKf hstsYb, snJfsb k]fv nsìfLb kfslv iadk jvf rsqsY, pfvf rflDn-oas§¿ ‰ rflDn ndh²Àfv hdBGk rq. ˆjƒHfsh ˆjƒ zsKGv dHâ
y]fslv drnfh-dbjfw ufsb. zKGf{, kfslvsj htf rsqsY sp, nfrfhDv hBGbfjxk rflDnmCsrv iadkW buv vfJsk rq. kshƒ idvswsN ‰
y]fslv …lq²¿t smOf¤Yâ Kfjst skfmvf yf¦û-dkdKv drnfhsj jfsu rflDsnv ndEj nfvfKG dbLGfdvk rq. ˆƒ bDdk mfbA j'svƒ mcrfdÜnDb W
tfofW. zk}iv pdl snƒ drnfsh iamfdBk rq sp, zfu y]fl iajfw rflDsnv hAfJAfkfoB zfstfyA rflDsnv zKG dbLGfvB jsvsYb. nckvfQ
rWqf …dyk, kfrst jft svfpf vfsJf hf „l jv. i[f§Àsv drnfsh pdl ˆ rflDsnv …tfmfoB nhGfsoa …ÙÁ rflDsnv zbAfbA nCsÛv iadk lxdó
jKf ufbf pfq sp, mfn dÛw dlsbv, kfrst jft svfpf svsJf bf hf „l jsvf dIdvsqsYb. zk}iv ˆjƒ zsKGv zbA nfrfhf -slv hBGbfnmCr dbsq
bf. zfv ªÈbdk 30 icsvf j'sv bfW« bhD -ˆv ˆ jKfv nsìfLb dy§Àf-Hfhbf j'sv ˆƒ idvBfsm si]ZsYsYb sp, …ÙÁ rflDsn `zbcmfb jvf'v
nfLfvB mfbcNsj jvf rsqsY, pfvf suAfdkN hf y]fslv dkdK-drnfh ƒkAfdl zKG rt, wf'hfb mfsnv Èbdk zbcmfb jvf, mfsnv Èbdk 30 iCBG jvf.(61)
nìsá zÎ. kfslvsj htf rsqsY, …bdÛswv náAfq zfjfw smOf¤Yâ
Kfjst---spsrkc skfmvf yf¦û-dkdKv drnfh ufsbf bf, snsrkc---dÛw (60) djYc zoahkGD …tfmf, p]fslv bfm ˆ hAfifsv …sïJ jvf spsk ifsv, k]fslv …dÙÁv
nQJAfv Èbdk iCvB j'sv bfW. iajkx k¶ ƒdkiCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY.
61
( ) slJcb } kfmrDl 14/352, Ifkùt hfvD 4/156, k¶fvùk kfNvDh 4/105,
…ÙÁ ncLDmàtDv zdkdvÙÁ hÙÁhA ˆƒ sp, spsrkc …©msk drnfhÎ …mlfkct j¶fvD 10/373, dmvzfk 6/430, zfsvf slJcb } dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt
dwd[k stfj hkGmfb vsqsY ˆhQ y]fslv Jhv dhsw¶v ˆj iaf§À sKsj ziv 2/308-311,
iaf§À ipG§À Jch nrsuƒ si]ZYfsbf pfq, snsrkc lwGsbv …iv dbHGvwDtkf iajfw Kfsj sp, njt zfdHLfdbjoB ˆ hAfifsv ƒhsb ncvfƒsuv dhsvfdLkf jsvsYb
sjht snƒ sYfe ufmfzfskv ubA dhsLq rsh, pfslv dbje mfn ðv¢ ˆhQ ‫ وא‬e E ˆv zKG zbcmfb jvf, idvmfB zbcpfqD jvf ƒkAfdl dtsJsYb. nckvfQ
rWqfv Jhv si]ZYfsbf nýh rsh bf. i[f§Àsv pfslv dbje y]fslv Jhv iadnÝ zfdHLfdbj zfhC mfbnCv zfprfvD (u¦m 370dr}) (% ‫ وא‬e E XY Xx ‫ن‬vE) ˆv
zdk nrsu si]ZsY pfsh, kfslv …dyk ‰ drnfh-ufbf stfsjslv jKfq hAfJAfq dtsJsYb, .ً 9;G z z ‫ و ` ;א‬Fr ‫ وא د א‬e [ zKGf{, mfsnv nQJAf zbcmfb
dbHGv jvf.(59)
j'sv 30 dlb iCBG j'sv bfW. zk}iv ƒhsb ncvfƒsuv dhivDk …dÙÁ …Ýxk jvfv iv
dtsJsYb, `iaKm zKGƒ zfmfv dbje zdLj ndEj W ±ió.' (kfrpDhct tcofr 9/22)
(58) hcJfvD 1900, mcndtm 2556bQ `dtnfbct zfvfh'ˆv iasBkfW zfprfvDv …ÙÁ hÙÁhA …Ýxk j'sv bDvh sKsjsYb.
(59) slJcb } zfWqfdqdtw wcrCv 15-16ix} (dtnfbct zfvfh 5/78)
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 41 42 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
…lfrvB öv™i slJcb, iadnÝ rflDn-hAfJAfkf ƒmfm JfÙ¶fhD snƒ iadnÝ W dbHGvspfoA mcrfdÜnDb, p]fvf dbu dbu rflDnoas§¿ zfstfyA
(vfdrmfùïfr)v hcJfvDv hAfJAfq zfstfyA rflDsnv hAfJAf jvsk dosq rflDn dtdihÝ jsvsYb, k]fslv vybf-HdÌW ˆ jKfv iamfB slq sp, sp
dtsJsYb, hBGbfq ªzbcmfb jv« wè zfsY, kfv hAfJAf jsv snƒ hBGbf, pfsk
8 [‫ و‬e‫ و‬، z d ‫ د א‬3 >#‫ א‬% E G Z> ‫ " א‬9 ‫© ن‬B ‫ א‬€9 ‡M‫وذ‬ ªÈbdk 30 iCBG jv«, ªdÛw oBbf jv« ˆhQ ªwf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCBG
jv« ƒkAfdl wè zfsY.(64)
% [\ ‫ א‬w| ‫; א‬M ‫;ل‬Z ‫\א א‬M‫ و‬، 8+‫ وא‬G M w+ SG ª 89 ‫;ل א‬#
…lfrvB öv™i slJcb }-
.XF"9 € •‫ א " س وא‬89 ;F •‫א‬ (j) ƒmfmct mcrfdÜNDb ƒmfm zfhC zfècïfr hcJfvD (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu
zKGf{, zdLjfQw …tfmf ˆƒ mk oarB jsvsYb sp, …ÙÁ rflDsn nrDr oas§¿ djkfhcn n¶fWm, hfh bQ 11sk pJb nhGfsoa rpvk zfècïfr
`zbcmfb' jvfv zKG dÛw nQJAf iCvB jvf. zfhC ùvfƒvf W ƒhsb …mfv dhb …mfv -ˆv zfstfyA rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb, kJb kfv ivivƒ kfv
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf) jkGj x vfnCtïc fr sKsj ˆ jKfƒ hdBGk zfsY. hAfJAfsk rpvk ƒhsb …mfv W zfhC ùvfƒvf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf)v
ˆefƒ ns§ÀfNubj jKf, pfv nmKGj zdLjfQw …tfmf.(62) dbm´dtdJk rflDnW …sïJ jsvsYb,
rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (vfdrmfùïfr) dtsJsYb, 5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 - `ْ 5yE5 X4 Y2 4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 7<‫و‬4 / ]/ >@P
/ ‫;א‬79;7 ]/ 5 E5 €ً 5 4 5 /‫ون‬7 r4 - ‫و‬/ m• 4 ]- 7 F4 r@ ‫))א‬
‫ م‬/ ]/ ‫;א‬7- P
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84 9- 7‫م‬/ Zْ ]/ 9/ /wM- ‫و‬/ -‫אد‬/ 7 ْ +- €/P1 / 7 ْ ‫ א‬T
/ 2yْ ‫ א‬7. G/ ‫א‬/‫و‬1 ‫ א‬/CG6‫ْو‬y>@ ‫א א‬/\M/ 7oQ
1 / G7 ‫و‬/ ، / z- 5 d@ ‫א‬ (1) ªmfn 29 vfskv rq. zkˆh y]fl bf slJf ipG§À skfmvf svfpf
.-_G- &
/ ْ +- 7_G- &
/ ْ ‫ א‬/ 1 E2 9/ 5 ‫و‬4 5 ‫و‬/ ، M/ ;7 &
4 /‫و‬/ " / z- 5 z/ 5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 - `ْ 5yE5 " -%-;4 e5 svsJf bf. zk}iv zfjfw smOtf Kfjst Èbdk 30 iCBG j'sv bfW.«(65)
ªzdLjfQw …tfmf hstsYb, bhD -ˆv …dÙÁ ªkfv ubA zbcmfb .((/ z- 5 z/ /‫ ن‬/4 / 5 @ - ‫;א‬2- `ْ 5yE5 X4 Y2 4 5 / /w1x2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 -%>- G/ u4 7 - ‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5 ‫و‬/ -%>- G/ u4 7 - ‫;א‬79;7'))
jv«---ˆv zKG, ðv¢ mfn sKsj t[A vfsJf ˆhQ oBbfq 30 iCBG jv. (2) ªy]fl slsJ svfpf vfsJf, y]fl slsJ „l jv. zk}iv zfjfw
zbAfbA hBGbf, pfsk sn jKf ±ió htf rsqsY, snƒ njt hBGbf …ÙÁ smOf¤Yâ Kfjst wf'hfsbv Èbdk 30 iCvB j'sv bfW.«(66)
hAfJAfv nmKGb jsv. zfv kf rt snƒ njt hBGbf pf ƒdkiCshG ok rsqsY, ªzbcmfb jv« wsèv rflDn …sïJ jvfv iv …ÙÁ rflDnäqsj …sïJ
ªskfmvf Èbdk 30 iCvB j'sv bfW« ƒkAfdl. zfv nhsysq swaô rt, j'sv ƒmfm hcJfvD (vfdrmfùïfr) nC[¹ ƒdÌk ˆƒ jsvsYb sp, ªzbcmfb
rflDsnv hAfJAf rflDn äfvf.(63) jv« wsè sp lcshGfLAkf W z±iókf vsqsY, …ÙÁ rflDnäsq kfv hAfJAf W
±iókf vsqsY. ˆƒ ubA ˆefƒ kfv ndEj hAfJAf W dhhvB.
zbcv™iHfsh `ofvDhct rflDN' (rflDsn …dïdJk dhvt wèfhtDv zdHLfb) oa§¿nmCsrv
(J) ƒmfm hcJfvD (vfdrmfùïfr)v YfÛ ƒmfm mcndtm (vfdrmfùïfr)W
vydqkfoBW ˆƒ zKGƒ dbLGfvB jsvsYb. (slJcb } ofvDhct rflDN, ƒhbct ufWpD zbcv™i vybf-HdÌ ˆJdkqfv jsvsYb. nckvfQ dkdb nhGfsoa rpvk
2/223, zfbX-dbrfqfr ID ofvDdht rflDN 4/23, kfInDv¢ ofvDdht rflDN, ƒhsb ƒhsb …mfv -ˆv zfstfyA rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb, pfsk ªzbcmfb jv«
rfufv 192ix})
* ƒhsb ncvfƒuƒ snƒ iaKm hAdÙÁk¶, p]fv iadk …ÙÁ (dhsvfLD) zsKGv n©ijG ucVf ndEj
mfbf spsk ifsv, spmb ˆv ndh²Àfv dhhvB iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY. (64) ˆ hAfifsv hdBGk wèfhtD ufbfv ubA slJcb } dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 2/208-209
(62) zf'tfmct rflDn 2/942 (65) hcJfvD 1907, mcndtm 1070bQ ƒhsb …mfv jkGj x .
(63) Ifkùt hfvD 4/120 (66) hcJfvD 1909bQ zfhC ùvfƒvf jkGj
x .
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wè zfsY. zk}iv kfv hAfJAf W dhhvB slWqfv ubA ‰ rflDsnv dhdHâ wf'hfb zbcmfb jvfv zfslw.
nCÛ …sïJ jsvsYb. pfv msLA jdkiq wè dbm´v™i }- zk}iv dkdb rpvk zfècïfr dhb …mfv -ˆv ‰ rflDnƒ …sïJ
.((/ z- 5 z/ 7%5 ‫وא‬7 - eْ E5 X4 Y2 4 5 / / - xْ 2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 )) jsvsYb, pf hfvhfv …sïJ jvf rsqsY.
.« / z- 5 z/ ‫وא‬7 - eْ E5 X4 Y2 4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 » zk}iv ‰ rflDsn ªzbcmfb jv«---ˆƒ jKfv hAfJAf slWqfv ubA
zdkdvÙÁ zfsvf idvs¤Yl …sïJ jsvsYb ˆhQ kfsk rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf
zKG iCshGv bAfq.(67) -ˆv snƒ rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb, pf hcJfvD wvDsIv rfWqftfq ok
…ÙÁ lcƒ ƒmfm YfVfW zfsvf lcƒub ƒmfm ˆ hAfifsv zdLj ±iókfv rsqsY }-
nfsK jfu dbsqsYb.
z d ‫ אد א‬%+ ‫ ( אد‬% ‫ وא‬e E ) : % ;e ‫ن‬y+ ‫ذ` א ن‬
(o) nckvfQ ƒmfm ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu `nrDr' oas§¿
dwsvfbfm sh]sLsYb, z d ‫ אد א‬%+ ‫ ( אد‬% ‫ وא‬e‫ ) א‬: % ;e ‫ن‬y+ ‫ذ` א ن‬
‫א"س‬ Xx ‫ذא‬B Fr G Z> + 9 ‫ א‬+ zKGf{, ˆ jKfv dhhvB sp, bhD -ˆv …dÙÁ ªzbcmfb jv« hst
zKGf{, idvs¤Yl } stfsjslv zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjst mfsnv ubA k]fv …sÜwA dYt dÛw Èbdk iCvB jv.(69)
zbcmfb jvfv zfslw. zk}iv ˆƒ idvs¤Yslv dbsy rpvk (M) ƒmfm hfohD (vfdrmfùïfr)W `mfnfhDùn ncâfr'sk ˆƒ jKfsjƒ
ƒhsb …mfsvv ‰ rflDnƒ …Ýxk jsvsYb, pfsk ªzbcmfb jv« wè zfsY. ±ió jsvsYb. nckvfQ dkdb dtsJsYb,
kfviv kf ±ió jvfv ubA ˆjde bkcb idvs¤Yl sh]sLsYb, ‫ وא‬n3] J‫ ل و‬¤‫> ] وא א‬P ‫;א‬9; ] J " : X #‫ و‬% ‫;ل א ' א‬# ‫ ل‬e
ً 9;G z z ‫ن‬ G ‫ ن‬Xx ‫ذא‬B Fr G Z> + 9 ‫ن א‬ C ‫ ذ` א‬+ € ‫ ون‬r ‫ و‬m ] Fr ‫ " א‬: ‫ ل‬e €G‫ و’ وא‬." % ‫ وא‬e E XY Xx ‫ن‬vE <‫> ] و‬P
‫ ' م‬Xz ." z z ‫` ;א א‬yE XY Xx ‫ن‬vE <‫> ] و‬P ‫;א‬9; ] E
zKGf{, idvs¤Yl } zfjfw smOtf Kfjst mfn zbcmfb jvfv zfslswv vfnCtcïfr hstsYb, ªskfmvf y]fl bf slJf ipG§À svfpf svsJf bf ˆhQ
zKG rt, wf'hfb 30 dlb oBbf j'sv svfpf vfJsk rsh---ˆ jKfv ltDt. y]fl bf slJf ipG§À „l jsvf bf. skfmfslv zfjfw smOtf Kfjst kfv ubA
ˆƒ idvs¤Yslv dbsy dkdb rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf W rpvk ƒhsb …mfv zbcmfb j'sv bfW.«
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf)v snƒ lcde rflDnƒ …sïJ jsvsYb, sp lcde rflDn zbA hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb hstsYb, ªmfn 29 vfskv rq. zkˆh y]fl bf
ƒmfm hcJfvD (vfdrmfùïfr) …sïJ jsvsYb.(68) slJf ipG§À skfmvf svfpf svsJf bf. zk}iv zfjfw smOtf Kfjst Èbdk
(O) ƒmfm ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfv YfÛ ƒmfm ƒhsb drêfb (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu 30 iCBG j'sv bfW.«(70)
`nrDr' oas§¿ idvs¤Yslv dwsvfbfm dlsqsYb, ˆƒ swaBDv njt rfWqftfsj pdl …Ýxk jvf rq, kfrst jfosuv
‫ ن‬D9 ‫ ل‬M €Gu ‫א " س‬ Xx ‫ذא‬B ‫ن‬ Fr Z + 9 ‫ذ` א‬ idvnv nQjDBG rsq pfsh. htfv …sÜwA ðLc ˆƒ sp, sp hBGbfq ªzbcmfb
stfsjslv zfjfw smOtf Kfjfv jfvsB vmpfsbv y]fl bf slJf sost jv« wè zfsY, kf z±ió. kfv ±ió hAfJAf zbA hBGbfq zfsY, pfsk

(67) mcndtm 2551-2552bQ (69) zft-ƒrnfb dhkfvkDdh n¶frDdr ƒhdb drêfb 5/186
(68) ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 3/201-202 (70) dmwjfk 1969bQ
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/ >/G/ 5J 9/ /‫ ن‬/4 / 84 9- •2 3I &
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/ 9/ / -€G/u4 7 - 7‫;م‬7 G/ @Xz7
dhNqdesj ˆk lDOG jvfv ƒ¤Yf zfmfv dYt bf. dj§Â spsrkc zfïfmf
zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) dbsuv zh²¿fsbv ubA ˆƒ rflDnsj zKGf{, vfnCtcïfr wf'hfsbv y]fl hf dlbsj ±mvsB vfJsk pkef pk´
hcdbqfl hfdbsqsYb ˆhQ k]fvƒ záfbcjvB j'sv zfmfslv djYc hcpcoGub dbskb, kkef zbA sjfb mfsnv y]fl hf dlbsj ±mvB vfJfv ubA pk´
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zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfù kfhfvfjf zkfzftf y]flsj idÓjf hfdbsqsYb. bf.(73)
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pdl skfmfslv zfjfw smOtf Kfsj, kfrst kfv zbcmfb jv, kf 30 iCvB y]f¦û-dkdK oBbf jsvsYb zKhf kf dwJsk …äcÝ jsvsYb. zfv bf k]fv
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ˆ rflDn hV ±ió wsè zfhct zfêfn ƒhsb ncvfƒu W zfïfmf zfrmfl jfu jsvsYb.
wfsjv (vfdrmfùmfïfr)v vfqsj Jàb jvsY ˆhQ htsY sp, ªzbcmfb 4. sp wvDqk zfm-Jfn, ufsrt W zfstsmv ubA ˆsnsY, kfsk ˆmb
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mfsb `yf¦û-dkdK drnfh jv' bq. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. W nfhftj mcndtsmv ubA Ivp, zKy kfsk zfstm W ufsrt ixKj.
3. rflDnnmCr iVfv iv ±ió rsq pfq sp, mfsnv ðv¢ W swN dbLGfvB spmb idhÛ vmpfsbv svfpf, zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjf zh²¿fq zfstm W
jvfv ubA mrfbhD -ˆv mchfvj zflwG ˆƒ dYt sp, dkdb ˆ hAfifsv ufsrstv mfsU ifKGjA rsh. ˆde ˆmb ˆjde mk, pf sjfb mcrfdÜn
sjhtmfÛ y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv jvskb. zKy mrfb zfïfr k]fsj zrD zhtìb jsvbdb. zfv bf kfv nis[ jcvzfb W rflDn sKsj sjfb
mfvI{ zhok jvfsk ifvskb. ˆJb ±ió sp, mrfbhD -ˆv zflwG ltDt zfsY.
sKsj swaô zbA sjfb iÝdk rsk ifsv bf. rpvk zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù smfejKf rt ˆƒ sp, hBGbf, pcdÙÁ, HfNf hf zdHLfb sjfb dlj sKsjƒ

(72) zfhC lf†l 2327, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 1910, ƒhsb drêfb 869bQ
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djYc zfqfk W rflDsnv snƒ zKG dbLGfvB jsvdYt, pf nfrfhf W
däkDq ltDt kfsh„bslv hcsUv nfsK zdmt dYt. ˆƒ ubA zfwËf rq sp, jcvzfb-
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rt mrfbhD -ˆv ˆƒ hfBD, wfdmt rsh, pfsk htf rsqsY,
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stJfiVf W drnfsh zÎ hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb. ivhkGDsk dj§Â lcHGfoAÛÁsm hkGmfsb snƒ iahBkf zfmfslv pch-nmfu W bkcb
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(j) …ÙÁ hcU dbsq ltDt oarB ntsIv …tfmf, hvQ …©mskv `ƒumf'v (J) …tfmfosBv …dÙÁ sKsj ufbf pfq sp, zfstfyA rflDn …©msk
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zfrst rflDsnv mkflswGv dhtjct dhivDk msb jdv sp, sjfb zfqfk hf zKGsj ±ió jsvsYb. iaskAj dw[fbcvfoD hAdÙÁv …dyk, kfv iadk v¢uc
rflDsnv ˆmb zKG oarB jvf rsh, sp zKG ntIslv hcsUv iadkjCt. hvQ jvf.
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lcƒ } suAfdkN W b[Û-dhlAfv mfLAsm yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN smsb idÇymfjfsw bkcb smrmfsbv lwGb tfsHv zsi[fq d²¿v dYt. n†lD
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sjfb ˆjde stfjW ‰ bkcb smrmfsbv lwGbtfsH LbA rt bf. ˆmbdj
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zf-dvp¶fkct zfrWqfpD 3/307, zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 18, 34, dmvzfk 4/434,
dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 3/211-214 iaHdx k
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iakAfJAfk rs¤Y, sp rflDnnmCsr htf rsqsY, ªzfjfw (smO hf zbA (zft-rflDn) (83)
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(J) ufqofv …lq²¿t sKsj n©iCBG dHâ. (85)

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njt …tfmfoB ˆjmk sp, spHfsh ˆj wrv sKsj zbA wrsv
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icd²Àjf bq.(87) zhwA nQd[åHfsh ˆ jKf n¹xdksk Kfjf …dyk sp, pdl y]flsj iCdBGmf v™si slJsk ifƒ. snƒ nmq yf]slv zsLGj …϶t Hfsov
lcde wrv ˆjƒ ûfdOmfsvJf hf kfv dbje²¿ ûfdOmfsvJfsk zhd²¿k rq, icsvfefƒ zfmfslv n©mcsJ Kfsj. iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ nfmbfnfmdbv nmsq
kfrst …Hq wrsvv mfsU lDOG hAhLfb Kfjf nsÙ¶W …lq²¿stv dHâkfv pdl y]fl, nCpG W ixdKhD ˆjƒ nvt svJfq yst zfsn, kfrst y¦ûoarB rq.
sjfb iaHfh Kfsj bf. zk}iv y]fl dlsbv dlb nCspGv jfYfjfdY zfnsk Kfsj ˆhQ zfmfslv
…lfrvB öv™i mfûfn (kfdmtbfFc) W jfw¹Dv zKhf dvqfp W msõf iafq lxdósk [qiafå rsk slJf pfq. ˆskW ‰ ˆjƒ jKf, ksh dhivDkmcJD.
ˆjƒ ûfdOmfsvJfsk zhd²¿k. ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ …Hq ²¿fsbv mfsU nCpG hf sjbbf, y]fslv nCspGv jfYfjfdY rWqfv Ist kfv zfstfmq zQw zfmfslv
ys¦ûv …lq²¿stv ifKGjA Kfjsh bf. i[f§Àsv pdl lcde ²¿fb ˆjƒ dbje sKsj zlxwA rsk Kfsj. idvswsN 28 hf 29 ˆv vfsÛ y]fl nCspGv
z[svJfsk zhd²¿k rq, kfrst …Hsqv mfsU …lq²¿stv ifKGjA iVsk 12 dFdoa dbjehkGD rsq 2 vfdÛ jJsbf 1 hf 3 vfdÛ zfmfslv buv sKsj
ifsv. ˆƒ ubA y]fl slJfv dhNsq oshNBf jvfv iCshG …ÙÁ isq¦esj nfmsb dhtjct zlxwA rsq pfq. ˆƒ ˆjÛ rWqfv zh²¿fsj zfmvf zmfhnAf hdt.
vfJf uv¢vD. ˆƒ nmsq y]fslv zsLGj …϶t dlj nCspGv dlsj Kfsj ˆhQ diYsbv zsLGj
ˆ dhNqdesj zfsvf ±ió jvfv ubA zfmvf dbsm´ mWtfbf mcrf©mfl zájfv dlj zfmfslv dlsj Kfsj. iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ ˆjÛ rWsb pdl
nCspGv dlsj kfjfsk zfmfslv lxdóv mfsU y]fl isV, kfrst kJb nCpGoarB
(86) slJcb } zft-ƒJdkqfvfkct dIj¶drqAfr 106ix}, vfrmfkct …©mfr 194ix}, rq. msb vfJfv jKf sp, zmfhnAfv nmq, pfv mLAm idvmfB 47 O¦ef 16
kfbhDùt of-dIdt zt-znbfb 104ix}, ƒvwflc zfrdtt dmïfr 273ix}, zfhrfNc dmdbe, ˆƒ nmsq ˆmb ˆj dhswN mcrCkG zdkhfdrk rq, pJb y]fl W nCpG
djhfdvt …tfmf 3/33 ˆjƒ nvt svJfq, zbA jKfq däiarsv ˆj nCsÛ ˆsn pfWqf uv¢vD. zfv
(87) ˆ hAfifsv zfoarDslv ubA mWtfbf zfècv vrmfb jDtfbDv ic²Àj `zfwX-wfmnc snef rt snƒ nmq, pJb zmfhnAf ðv¢ rWqfv iv 33 O¦ef 38 dmdbe
zt-j¶fmfv¢ dhùnhfb' hV …ijfvD.
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 61 62 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
ifv rsq pfq. hfnX, ˆJfb sKsjƒ y]fl slJfv drnfh ðv¢ jv¢b. sKsj shdw hV ˆhQ nCpG sKsj shdw lCvsk¶ busv zfnsh. kfvf pdl dlsb
Lsv dbb, zfpmoV wrv, pf 83 dFdoa 13 dmdbe ûfdOmfsvJfsk zhd²¿k, y]fl slsJ sbq, kfrst kf slJsk ifsv, dj§Â khcW kf jdEb rsh.
kfv idÇymfjfsw 6efv nmq nCpG z²À sot ˆhQ 6ef shsu 22 dmdbsev ˆJb ˆJfb sKsj ˆ nmnAfv nmfLfbW oarB j'sv dbb sp, y]fslv lwGb
djYc snsjà iCshG y]fl W nCspGv ˆj nCsÛ nmfshw Oet ˆhQ ˆjƒ däiarsvv iCshG ˆhQ däiarsvv isvW nýh. spsrkc sn nmsq y]fl zfjfsw
ûfdOmfsvJfsk …Hsqv …id²¿dk Oet. ˆviv vfk W dlbHv zsi[f dhlAmfb Kfsj (nCspGv zfstfv Ist kf …϶t rsq busv isV bf.) ˆhQ
jvsk Kfjcb. idvswsN 23 O¦ef 38 dmdbe isv, zKGf{ 6ef hfufv djYc zfofmD vfsk kf bkcb y]fl drnfsh iajfw rWqfv jKfW ±ió.
snsjà zfso y]fl nCpG sKsj 12 dFdoa lCvsk¶ iChG dlsj yst dosq Lbcsjv zf¤Yf, zfsmdvjf zdkÛÁm j'sv pdl zfsvf ˆjec zoanv rb kfrst
zfjfv LfvB jsv. hfnX, dEj ˆefƒ rt snƒ iafKdmj nmq, sp nmsq y]fl ufifsbv sefdjWsk 2ef shsu 18 dmdbe (kJb zfpmosV lcicsvv
`bkcb y]fl' idÇymfjfsw lDdåmfb rq ˆhQ lcdbqfv stfsjslv lxdó kf ivhkGD nmq) ˆhQ zfsvf zoanv rst hmGf wrsv 5ef shsu 8 dmdbse nCpG
slJfv zdHtfND Kfsj. pdl smO, LCtfhfdt, jcqfwf hf zbA djYc slJfv isK z²À pfsh. (kJb zfpmosV nCpG Fchsk 52 dmdbe hfjD Kfjsh.) snƒ nmq
hfLf bf rsq l]fVfq, kfrst snƒ dwðiadkm y¦ûsj ialDå slJsk bf snJfsb y]fl slJf pfsh ˆhQ kfslv y]fl kctbfmCtj psKó hV W nCpG sKsj
ifWqfv sjfbƒ jfvB sbƒ. psKó lCvsk¶ zh²¿fb jvsh. Wvfƒ snƒ stfj, pfvf dlsbv shtfq zdk
t[A jv¢b, ˆ rt zfpmosVv y]fslv …lq²¿t. ˆJb zfpmosVv nrsu y]fl slJsk ifsv; dhswN j'sv hmGf wrvhfnD. sjbbf, kfslv bkcb
idÇysm jvfdy, mÄf mczfpXpfmf, jfqsvf, dk…dbdnqf, zftsudvqf W y]fl nhfv yfƒsk hV slJf pfsh ˆhQ nCpG sKsj nhsysq shdw (iafq
jfbfdvqfv hfdn¦lf njstƒ db}ns¦lsr y]fl slJsk ifsh; pdl slJfv sjfb 4/3,23) lCvsk¶ Kfjsh. dj§Â ˆ y]fslv zfofmD vfskv y]fl rWqfv jKf
hfLf bf Kfsj. ifKGjA ˆƒ sp, zfmvf zfpmosV nCpGfs²Àv nmq pdl 6efv skf ±ió, dj§Â nCpGfs²Àv nmq pJb kfvf y]fl slsJ kJb sj… hst, `ˆ y]fl
nmq y]fl sldJ, kfrst jvfdysk 7ef 5 dmdbse, mÄfq 8ef 52 dmdbse, ok jfstv.' sj… LfvBf jsv, ˆ y]fl ok ivðv. dbv[v bhD -ˆv
jfqsvfsk 9ef 27 dmdbse, dk…dbdnqf (zfdI¼jfq) 10ef 52 dmdbse ˆhQ iadk jcvhfb rb. dkdb hstb, ªbf-bf. skfmfslv sL]fjf rs¤Y. ˆ skf
zftsudvqf-jfbfdvqf (idÇym zfdI¼jfq) 12ef 45 dmdbse (ndEj drnfsh zfusjvƒ y]fl.«
11ef 21 dmdbse) (pJb zfpmosV zLGvfdÛ zdkhfdrk rsq pfsh) "/G4 / ‫א‬/ ]/ − /‫ ل‬e5 − 5€5 Ž
4 / 68nْ /+- "/ْ q/ / @ 5 E5 - / 4 7 ْ - "/Q
4 /T
/ /‫ ل‬e5 1K6 >/Ž
4 /ْ ‫ א‬+- 5 84 /
nCpGfs²Àv nmq bkcb y]fl idvlxó rsh. dj§Â kctbfmCtjHfsh idÇym dlsjv
stfsjvf zfmfslv iChG dlsjv stfsjslv yfƒsk y]flsj shdw hV zfjfsv "/ Z- 5 E5 /‫ ل‬e5 684 >/5 4 5 78+4 ‫; א‬/ M7 6‫;م‬4 Z5 ْ ‫ א‬7•4 +/ /‫ ل‬e5 ‫و‬/ .U†5 z/ 78+4 ‫; א‬/ M7 6‫;م‬4 Z5 ْ ‫ א‬7•4 +/ /‫ ل‬Z5 E5 /‫ل‬5 F6 ْ ‫א‬
ˆhQ nCpG sKsj shdw lCvsk¶ slJsk ifsh. ˆJb spsrkc y]fl zfjfsw ;/ M7 6‫;م‬4 Z5 ْ ‫ א‬7•4 +/ /‫ ل‬e5 ‫و‬/ U†5 z/ 78+4 ‫; א‬/ M7 6‫;م‬4 Z5 ْ ‫ א‬7•4 +/ /‫ ل‬Z5 E5 /‫ل‬5 F6 ْ ‫" א‬/G4 5 / @6B "/ْ Z2 E5 ‫س‬
ٍ @/ /8+4 ‫א‬
dhlAmfb zfsY, ˆƒ ubA …ipGÙ c Á wrvhfnDvf pdl dbsuslv lxdówdÙÁv − -%I ‫ א‬/‫;ل‬7#/ @‫ن‬6B /‫ ل‬Z5 E5 .‫א‬/\`5 ‫و‬/ ‫א‬/\`5 5€5 4 5 "/ْ Z2 E5 /‫ ل‬e5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / U€5 4 5 @K5 /‫ ل‬Z5 E5 .684 >/5 4 5 78+4 ‫א‬
iaJvkfv jfvsB dlb Kfjskƒ y]fl slsJ sbq, kfrst kf zfÇyspGv djYc bq.
ksh kf kfslv ubA hV jdEb. .« 7<;7 >7G4 5 / -€5 4 5 - ;/ F7 E5 -€G/u4 H - 7<@ 9/ /%I ‫ن@ א‬6B » :/‫ ل‬e5 −X #‫ و‬% ‫' א‬
zf¤Yf, ˆJb pdl zfsvf ˆjec zoanv rb, kfrst db…qfsjG (iChG zfhct hfJkfvD (kfsh„) hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf …mvf jvsk shv rtfm.
zfsmdvjfq) 4ef 29 dmdbse ˆhQ (idÇym zfsmdvjf) WqfdwQesb 7ef 33 zk}iv pJb zfmvf hfksb bfJtf bfmj ufqofq (dhwafm sbWqfv ubA)
dmdbse (snJfsb) nCpGfs²Àv nmq bkcb y]fl busv zfnsh. (kJb zfpmosV bfmtfm, kJb bkcb y]fl slJtfm. kf slsJ djYc stfj htt, `ˆef ivð
nCpG …dlk rsq pfsh.) dj§Â kfslv y]fl zftsudvqf-jfbfdvqf-Wqftfslv dlsbv y]fl.' djYc stfj htt, `ˆef ok jfstv y]fl.' zk}iv zfmvf
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 63 64 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
ƒhsb zfêfsnv nsÌ nf[f{ j'sv httfm, `zfmvf bkcb y]fl slJtfm. ipGfqÛÁsm snJfbjfv y]fl snJfbjfv stfsjslv idÇym dlos§Àv dbje
kf slsJ djYc stfj htt, `ˆef ivð dlsbv y]fl.' djYc stfj htt, `ˆef sKsj dbjekv rWqfv Ist kfslv busv iajfw ifsh bf. …ÙÁ
ok jfstv y]fl.' dkdb htstb, `skfmvf sjfbX vfsÛ y]fl slsJY?' zfmvf wrvÈdtv msLA mdBicv nhsysq lCvhkGD ˆhQ zfpmoV sKsj 10 dFdoa
httfm, `zmcj vfsÛ (zKGf{, dÛswv vfsÛ).' dkdb htstb, vfnCtïc fr 45 dmdbe lCvsk¶ zhd²¿k. kfslv y]fl dlo§À sKsj ˆk dbjehkGD rsh sp,
hstsYb, ªdbÇyq zfïfr y]fl slJfv nmq dbLGfdvk jsvsYb. nckvfQ sjht 5 dmdbe dlos§À zh²¿fb j'sv z²À pfsh. ˆJb ‰ wrvhfnDslv
skfmvf sp vfsk slsJY, sn vfskvƒ y]fl.« dbje pdl y]fslv ndEj iamfB si]ZsY, kfrst wvqD dbslGw jfpGjv rsh.
zbA hBGbfq zfsY, ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, ªvfnCtïc fr y]fl slJfv zfv ˆ dbslGw zfmfslv zfbcmfdbj 12 dFdoa lwGb-Lbcv dHdÙsk zfpmoV
nmq dbLGfdvk jsvsYb. nckvfQ skfmvf sp vfsk slsJY, sn vfskvƒ sKsj sjht 12 dFdoa iChG ipG§À jfpGjv rsh.
y]fl.« (88) zf¤Yf, ˆhfsv 12 dFdoa sKsj zoanv rsq 13 dFdoav …iv l]fdVsq pfb.
nckvfQ y]fl sYfe srfj hf hV, kf slJfv dhNq bq. ˆJb spsrkc zfpmosV 12 dFdoa …¤ykfq y]fl zhd²¿k, zfv zfidb
nfvjKf ˆƒ sp, zfpmosVv zfjfsw pJb dbdlGó nmsq y]fslv zd²Àk¶ zfpmoV sKsj 12 dFdoa iCshG nsv dosq 13 dFdoav …iv if svsJsYb, ˆƒ
iajfw sisq sosY, kJb kfv idÇysm zfidb pk lCvƒ pfshb, snJfbjfv ubA y]fl lwGb-Lbcsk si]ZYsbfv nfsK nfsKƒ zfibfv dlos§Àv dbsy
slw, wrv hf sjfb ubil ˆmb Kfjsh bf sp, snJfbjfv zfjfsw y]fslv Kfjsh. …lfrvB öv™i hmGf wrv, pf 96 dFdoa 13 dmdbe ûfdOmfsvJfq
zd²Àk¶ Kfjsh bf. ˆef dHâ jKf sp, nfmdqj sjfb jfvsB snJfbjfv ˆhQ zfpmoV sKsj 13 dFdoa 47 dmdbe iCshG zhd²¿k. pJb zfpmosVv
hfdn¦lfoB y]fl slJsk ifq bf. ˆsjƒ hst lwGb-dHâkf. nckvfQ pdl idÇym dlos§À y]fl …dlk rsh, kJb hmGfv dlo§À 1 dFdoa 47 dmdbe dbsy
y]fslv ndEj iamfB dmst pfq, kfrst wvqD dbslGw ufvD rsh, bsy{ bf. ˆ si]ZYsh. snƒ nmq hmGfv wrvhfnDslv ubA sjfb iajfv p§Ã äfvfW y]fl
hAfifsv jfsvf mkfSbjA sbƒ. ˆJfsb ˆ jKfW iamfdBk rt sp, iChG dlsjv slJf nýh rsh bf. hfnX, ˆƒ rt …lq²¿stv dHâkf. hmGfhfnDv …lq²¿t
slwhfnDslv lwGb idÇym dlsjv slwhfnDslv s[sÛ lwGb ncdbdÇyk y]flwCbA. ˆhfsv pk iCshG pfshb, rQjQ, sefdjW, WqfdwQeb iaHdx k wrsv
iamfdBk rsh. ˆƒ ubA iChG dlsjv sjfb slsw y]fl slJfv ndEj iamfB W y]fl slJsk ifshb bf. jfvB, snJfbjfv …lq²¿t y]flwCbA.
nCÛ ifWqf sost db}ns¦lsr (idÇysmv slwÈdtsk) wvqD dbslGw ufvD rsh. ˆJfb sKsjW ˆ jKf idv°jfv rq sp, idÇysmv sjfb slsw y]fl slJf
zfv ˆ jKfW ufbf sot sp, y]fslv sYfe-hV rWqf djYcv ltDt bq, yfsr sost snƒ zbcnfsv iCshGv slwÈdtsk y]fl rWqf zfhwAj bq. hvQ sjht
kf 29 kfvDsJv srfj zKhf 30 kfvDsJv. 12 dFdoa iCshG zfmfslv zfbcmfdbj lwGb-Lbc ipG§À ˆ dhLfb dbdÇykHfsh
ˆhfsv zfmvf …lq²¿t dHâkfv jKf hcUfhfv syóf jvh. nckvfQ snJfb jfpGjv jvf spsk ifsv. kfv isv bq. ˆ jKfW ufbf sot sp, …lq²¿t-
sKsjƒ drnfh ðv¢ jv¢b, pJb zfpmosV 6ef hfufv djYc snsjà iCshG dHâkf iamfsBv ubA mfUfmfdU 12 dFdoa (zfmfslv zfbcmfdbj lwGb-Lbc)v
y]fl nCpG sKsj 13 dFdoa lCsv …϶t Lbcsjv zfjfsv iajfw sisqdYt. hAhLfb uv¢vD, pfv lCvk¶ 833 mfƒt hf 1332|8 djdm| rq.« (89)
ˆhfv zfpmosVv iCshG ˆjec zoanv rb. dj§Â 12 dFdoav shdw bq; spmb …lq²¿t-dHâkfv idvs¤Ysl ˆjde Èv¢k¶iCBG iaw´ ˆƒ sKsj pfq
ifebf, Hfoticv, Tfjf, dnste, mdBicv (zfnfm). pJb zfpmosV y]fl sp, …lq²¿t-dHâkfv nDmfbfv oBAkf sjfbX dHdÙsk jvf rsh? ˆv ubA
iajfw sit, kJb ‰ y]fl …ÙÁ wrvÈdtv zfjfswW dhlAmfb zfsY. dj sjfb dbdlGó dhdL-dbqm zfsY, pf …tfmf zKhf lfdqk¶wDtslv nfmsb

(88) nrDr mcndtm 2581bQ (89) IfkfWqf nfbfƒqAfr 1/670 W kfv ivhkGD ixôfvfdu
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 65 66 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
vfJf pfsh? mfbf srfj.
sjbbf, pdl htf rq sp, y]fl slJfv ubA …lq²¿t dhshyA, kfrst kfsk 1. zfsmdvjf mrfslw ˆjde ˆtfjf. ˆsk ld[B W …Ùv zfsmdvjf,
ˆjef nmnAf ˆƒ slJf slsh sp, iaskAj hAdÙÁ, iaskAj zfstm hf iaskAj jAfbfFf, hafdut ˆhQ sn nh ˆtfjfv njt äDi-…iäDi wfdmt.
wfnj ˆ jKf ufsb bf sp, sp ufqofq y]fl slJf iamfdBk rt, sn 2. mvsÄf sKsj zfvh …iäDi ipG§À ˆjde ˆtfjf. pfsk wfmslw,
ufqofq …lq²¿stv nDmfhÝkf jD? ˆƒ ubA hAfifvdesj ˆjde dbdlGó dmnv, ncFfb ƒkAfdl njt ˆtfjf wfdmt.
dhdL-dbqsmv odàsk zfbf zfhwAj. pfsk pJbƒ sjfb ufqofq y]fl 3. zfvh …infov sKsj ufifb ipG§À ˆjde ˆtfjf. ˆsk ufifb W
slJfv iamfB ifWqf pfsh, sn ufqofv stfj zKhf jm-sn-jm snJfbjfv kfv zfswifswv ˆtfjf wfdmt.
yfdvifsw hnhfnjfvD zdHÎusbvf ˆ jKf ufbsk ifsvb sp, zmcj däkDq vfq }-
zmcj ˆtfjfv ubA zmcj zmcj ˆtfjfv y]fl slJf oBA rsh ˆhQ zmcj mWtfbf zfècv vrmfb jDtfbD (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ dhNsq zfstfybf jvsk
zmcj ufqofv ubA oBA rsh bf. (90) dosq `…lq²¿stv nDmfbf' dwsvfbfsm dtsJsYb, ªˆhfv zfmfslv slJf
ˆ hAfifsv stJsjv zdHmk ˆƒ sp, iaskAj slsw …tfmf W nQdw½ó iasqfub sp, suAfdkdhGlAfv dbdvsJ zfswifswv ˆtfjfv nDmfbfef jD?
dhNsqv zdHÎ hAdÙÁhsoGv ivfmwGÛÁsm sjfb dnÝf§À oarB jvf rsh ˆhQ pdl y]fl dEj zfmfslv mfKfv …iv lDdåmfb Kfsj, kfrst zfmvf kfsj
iaskAj sj¦û²¿stv lfdqk¶wDt hAdÙÁhoGsj kf si]ZsY slWqf rsh. 90 dFdoa nmsjfsBv …¤ykf dbLGfvB jsv Kfdj. ˆƒ y]fl nfk dlsb
snZHfsoAv dhNq sp, zfmfslv Hfvk-ifdj²Àfsbv mfde …ÙÁ swaBDv dhÎ W idÇymfjfw sKsj mLAfjfsw si]ZsY. zKGf{, 7 dlsb 90 dFdoav lCvk¶
zdHÎ hAdÙÁ sKsj wCbA bq. zdkÛÁm j'sv zfsn. sjbbf, iaskAj softfjfv hxÙsj 360 dFdoa dbLGfvB
rftdIt zfmfv jfsY lcde vfq oarBspfoA, pf zfdm zfibfslv jfsY siw jvf rsqsY. ˆƒ ubA zfjfsw y]fslv dFdoa zbcnfsv hAhLfb ˆhQ zfmfslv
jvdY. pfv zfstfsj zdHÎoB sjfb ˆj idvBdksk si]ZYsk n[m rb. lxdósjfB ˆjƒ jKf.
zfv ˆ vfq lcde mWtfbf zf'pmDv vfq sKsj ixKj, pf ƒdkiCshG …dïdJk dEj zbcv™i zh²¿f HCsoftsjv ûfdOmfsvJfv dFdoanmCsrv. ˆjƒ
rsqsY. ˆƒHfsh nhGsmfe dkbde zh²¿f nfmsb zfsn. iajfw Kfsj sp, ûfdOmfsvJfv nmf§Àvfst zhd²¿k njt wrv W slwnmCsrv y]fl W
mÄfv `vfdhk¶fkct zftfdmt ƒntfmD'v zLDsb jmGvk jdmde `mfumf…t nCspGv …Hsqv …lq²¿t ˆj rq. pJb zfmvf hdt sp, (j) ufqofq y]fl
dIj¶drt ƒntfmD'sk dhNqde hfvhfv siw jvf rsqsY. kf rsk 81 dFdoasjZdBj …¤ykfq slJf dosqsY, kJb dbsm´fdïdJk ItfIt oarB
idviCBGHfsh …ijxk rsk ifvf pfq. jvsk ifdv }-
iaKm vfq }- ˆj } ˆƒ y]fl nCpGfs²Àv 1 O¦ef 15 dmdbe isv z²À pfsh. dlos§À tft
`vfdhk¶fkct zftfdmt ƒntfmD'v `mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD'v däkDq zfHf Kfjfv jfvsB mfosvshv bfmfspv isvƒ slJf spsk ifsv.
zdLshwsb F} mcrf©mfl zfèct tkDI zft-IcvICv …lq²¿t-dHâkf W lcƒ } idÇym dlsj ˆƒ y]fslv …lq²¿t nDmfrDb ˆhQ idÇymfÑst ˆƒ y]fl
kfv wvqD zh²¿fb nìsá ˆjde nclDOG iahá siw jsvsYb. pfv idvdwsó slJf pfWqfv hAfifvef ncdbdÇyk.
ˆƒ vfq siw jsvsYb sp, nfvf dhw¶sj dkbde hV hV ˆtfjf (zone)ˆ dkb } iChG dlsj ˆv …lq²¿stv nDmfbf 5 dFdoa zdkdvÙÁ iChG
Hfo jvf srfj ˆhQ dbu dbu ˆtfjfv lwGb snƒ ˆtfjfv ubA iafmfdBj ûfdOmfsvJfv lCvk¶ rsh. sjbbf, 13 dFdoav y]fl lxwAmfb bq.
i]fy dFdoa iCshG zhd²¿k (o) ufqofsk y]fl lxwAmfb rsh. zfv 5 dFdoav
ûfdOmfsvJfv iChG-idÇym nmf§Àvft lCvk¶ dbm´v™i }-
(90) mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf, 2q nQJAf, 2q Jà, 901-902ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 67 68 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

j. dhNch svJfv …iv 69,1/2X5 mfƒt = 347,1/2 mfƒt hf

555|28 djdm| snfuf iCshG rsh. kxkDq zLAfq
J. mjvÛÁfd§À hf jjGeÛÁfd§À svJfv …iv 67X5=335 mfƒt hf 536 zdHâ lwGb
djdm| snfuf iCshG rsh. iChGhkGD zfstfybfnmCr sKsj ˆ jKf nc±ió rsq sosY sp, mcndtmslv
o. 66,1/2 dFdoa jcsmv¢ hxÙ hf ncsmv¢ hxsÙv …iv iafq 5X46=230 äDbD W lcdbqfhD pfhkDq dhNq yf¦û mfsnv nfsK lfqhÝ ˆhQ yf¦û mfn
mfƒt hf 368 djdm| snfuf iCshG rsh. ufbfv ndEj …ifq rt y¦û lwGb. ˆƒ ubA wvDqk y¦û lwGsbv iadk hV
O. 66,1/2 dFdoav …isvv ufqofnmCsr y¦û-lwGsbv …iv ˆsjhfsv Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi jsvsY. zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jKf W jfsu y¦û lwGsbv
zsbj shdw iaHfh isV. iadk …{nfr W kfjDl ifWqf pfq. ˆƒ ubA yf¦û mfsnv ðv¢ W swN
ˆƒ rt snƒ lCvk¶, pfsj zdHâ …lq²¿stv nDmfsvJf hst oBA jvf dbLGfvB jvfv hAfifsv dbHGv rt ˆjmfÛ y¦û lwGb.
spsk ifsv. ˆsk snƒ lCvk¶W wfdmt, spJfbjfv stfsjvf y]fl slsJ Kfsj y¦û lwGsbv hAfifsv ˆefW ˆjde ƒtXmD (sHZsofdtj) iajk x k¶
ˆhQ snƒ lCvk¶W wfdmt, spJfbjfv stfsjvf y]fl slJsk ifsv. sp, …lq²¿stv dHâkf ˆjef hf²Àhkf. zfv ˆef ðLc ƒtXmD iajk x k¶ƒ bq,
…lq²¿stv nDmfbfv hAfifsv ntIosBv …dÙÁsk hù mksHl ifWqf pfq. hvQ ˆef ˆjef zbfqfnshfLA dhNq. ˆƒ jfvsB …©mskv …tfmfoB
dj§Â hkGmfsb ûfdOmfsvJf dbLGfvB ˆhQ snƒ zbcpfqD ±eAfàfFG-efƒm ˆjmk rsq …lq²¿t-dHâkfsj öDjfv jsvb.
dbLGfvB …ÙÁ nmnAfv psKó nmfLfb siw jsvsY. jsqjef ƒntfmD slsw …ipGcÙÁ dhNsq smfefmcde ÎfbtfsHv iv ˆJb iaw´ zfsn sp, mcndtmslv
nfvf slswv ±eAfàfFG-efƒm ˆjƒ rsq Kfsj, yfsr kfv lCvk¶ 15 dFdoa äDbD hAfifvnmCr; dhswN j'sv svfpf, „l, rÏ, jcvhfbD iaHdx kv hAfifsv
ûfdOmfsvJf sKsj shdw rq. spmb n…lD zfvh 35 dFdoa sKsj 56 dFdoa zdHâ lwGsbv oBAkf zfsY, bfdj sbƒ? zKGf{, dhsw¶v sjfb ˆj iafs§À y]fl
iChG ûfdOmfsvJfv …iv zKGf{ 21 dFdoav …iv dh²ÀDBG zfsY. dj§Â nfvf slJf sost dj snƒ slJf nfvf dhsw¶v mcndtmslv ubA psKó? bfdj iaskAj
slswv ±eAfàfFG-efƒm ˆjefƒ. zKGf{ doadby-mfb nmsqv 3 O¦ef zfso. ˆtfjf W slwhfnDsj dbu dbu ˆtfjf W slsw y]fl slJfv hAh²¿f dbsk
y]fl slJfv ubA jdmde oEb jsv nvjfv, snƒ jdmde nf[A-nkAfqsbv iv rsh?
y]fl slJfv jKf sOfNBf jsv ˆhQ kf nfvf slswv ubA lwGb dbLGfvB jvf ˆ zLAfsq zfmvf snƒ iasw´v …Ùv sJ]fufv syóf jvh. hvQ ˆƒ icd²Àjfv
rq. pfv zKG rt ˆƒ sp, ˆƒ nvjfv nfvf slswv ubA ˆjefƒ …lq²¿t smZdtj dhNq snefƒ.
dbLGfdvk j'sv mksHl lCv j'sv dlsqsY.
ˆmbƒ zh²¿f Hfvskv, pfv ûfdOmfsvJf 70 sKsj 89 zKGf{, 19 dFdoa. zdHâ lwGb nìsá dhdHâ …dÙÁnmCsrv zdhwl dhhvB
snJfsbW zdHâ ˆjefƒ ±eAfàfFG-efƒm zfsY ˆhQ snJfbjfv lwGbW smZdtjHfsh dhNqdev hAfifsv lcde mk zfsY }-
nfvf slswv ubA zdHâ lwGb. zhwA djYc slw ˆmb zfsY, pf zsbj ˆj } …lq²¿stv dHâkf ˆjde ƒtXmD iajk x k¶. dj§Â svfpf W „slv
shdw dFdoa ucsV dh²ÀDBG zfsY. spmb yDb, vfdwqf W jfbfFf, ˆ slwÈdtv s[sÛ kfv oBAkf sbƒ. hvQ ˆj ufqofv lwGb nfvf dhsw¶v ubA psKó.
dhdHâ ˆtfjfq ±eAfàfFG-efƒmW dHâ dHâ, zbcv™i …lq²¿tW. (91) ˆƒ zdHmk sifNBjfvD …tfmfosBv zdLjfQswv vfq ˆƒ sp, lcdbqfv
sjfb ²¿fsb pdl y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst nfvf lcdbqfv mcndtmslv ubA kf
(91) zfw-wfmnc zt-j¶fmfv¢ dhùnhfb, mfufïfkcl lf'Wqfr Jà 14, nQJAf 125,
83ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 69 70 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
psKó. htf rq sp, ˆefƒ zdLjfQw …tfmfv vfq. (92) 4. ˆj zÑt ucsV lwGb-zdHâkf oBA rsh. ˆj zÑstv lwGb zbA
ivhkGDjfstv djYc …tfmfv vfq rt, nfvf dhsw¶v ubA mÄfhfnDv lwGb zÑstv ubA oBA rsh bf.
oBAkf ifsh. zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆƒ vfsqv …iv Jch rfbfIDslv msLA ùnfƒb dhb zftD n¶fƒmfvD (mxkcA 436dr}) ˆhQ djYc
sufv dlsqsYb. (93) wfsIqDv vfq ˆefƒ. (97)
lcƒ } zdHâ lwGsbv lwGb ndEj bq. hvQ lCvk¶ drnfsh y]fl slJfv 5. ˆjƒ vfóºsbkfv zLDb²¿ slsw lwGb-zdHâkf oBA rsh. zbAKf bq.
hAfifsv ifKGjA ˆjde hf²Àh W zbfqfnshfLA dhNq. zk}iv jkef iadnÝ mfstjD Ij¶Dr W ƒmfm zfèct mfstj dhb mfsuwCsbv vfq
lCvsk¶v msLA lwGb-zdHâkf oBA rsh ˆhQ kfv hfƒsv rsh bf? ˆ ˆefƒ.(98)
hAfifsv …tfmfosBv dhdHâ …dÙÁ zfsY }- hkGmfb dhsw¶v Ij¶Dr zfïfmf ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùïfr) nfmfduj
1. sp ˆtfjfv …lq²¿t ˆj, sn ˆtfjfv nDmfbfq zdHâ lwGb oBAkf (hf ˆjƒ slswv ubosBv mfsU ‰sjAv) lxdóHdÌsk ˆƒ vfqsjƒ
ifsh. i[f§Àsv …lq²¿t dHâ rst lwGb-dHâkfW zdbhfpG. wdÙÁwftD hstsYb. (99)
ƒmfm ƒhsb zfèct hfvG, ƒmfm JfÙ¶fhD, wfqJct ƒntfm ƒmfm ƒhsb 6. pdl lcƒ wrsvv mfsU ˆkef lCvk¶ rq sp, ˆjefsk spfrsvv nmq
kfƒdmqAfr, ƒmfm bfWqfhD (vfdrmfùmcïfr) ˆhQ ˆhQ zivefsk zfnsvv nmq rq; zKGf{, lcƒ wrsv ˆjƒ nmsq lcƒ
nkAfbcnáfbD …tfmfosBv ˆjde hV ufmfzfskv ˆefƒ vfq. hvQ zÛ bfmfspv nmq rq, kfrst lwGb-zdHâkf iaspfuA bq. (100)
icd²Àjfv stJsjv kfrj¶Dj¶ (nkAfbcndá{nf) zbcpfqD zdLjfQw 7. vfkfvfdk pk lCsv Jhv si]ZYfsbf nýh rq, kk lCv zhdL lwGb-
mcrfdÜnDb W rflDn-hAfJAfkfosBv vfqW snefƒ. (94) zdHâkf oBA rsh, kfv hfƒsv bq. (101)
2. pk lCv zhdL dhbf hfLfq y]fl slJf nýh, kk lCv zhdL zdHâ lwGb (hkGmfb pcso ˆ vfq iaKsmfÙÁ vfsqv zbcv™i. jfvB, hkGmfsb vfkfvfdk
oBAkf ifsh. kfv hfƒsv bq. bq, jsqj snsjsàv msLA nfvf dhsw¶ Jhv si]ZfYfsbf zdk nru.)
ˆ vfq rt ƒmfm nfvfJnDv. (95)
ˆƒ vfq iCshGfÙÁ …lq²¿t-dHâkfv vfsqv jfYfjfdY. sjht hfoXLfvfv vfqnmCsrv dhwl dhhvB W kfv ltDtfdl dbsq nmD[f
ifKGjA. ˆƒ zsKGƒ iafyDb …tfmfosBv ˆj …dÙÁ, `dtjcdï hftfdlb lwGb-zdHâkfv ltDtnmCr
v¢'qfkcùm'. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. iajfw Kfsj sp, lwGb-zdHâkfv hAfifsv (hf ˆj ufqofq y]fl slJf
3. pkecj lCsv dosq bfmfspv jnv ³hL rq, kk lCv ipG§À lwGb- sost kf nfvf dhsw¶v ubA psKó---ˆ msmG) sjfb ±ió ltDt jcvzfb W
zdHâkf oBA rsh. kfv hfƒsv bq. rflDsn dhlAmfb sbƒ. sjht djYc zfqfk W rflDsnv hAfij HfNA sKsj
ˆ mk rt Jcvfnfsbv wfsIqD …tfmf ˆhQ djYc rfìtDv. (96) ltDt oarB jvf rq. dbsm´ ˆ mskv nis[ ltDtnmCr …sïJ jvf rs¤Y }-
1. jcvzfb sKsj ltDt }
(92) kfmfmct dmâfr 398ix}
(93) slJcb } zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v icd²Àjf `zfWqfƒtcw wcrCdvt zfvfdhqAfr' 21 ix} (97) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 27ix}, zft-mfumC' 6/337, Ifkùt hfvD 4/123
(94) zfkX-kfmrDl 14/358, zft-ƒJdkqfvfkct dIj¶drqAfr 106ix}, zft-mfumC (98) k¶fvùkX kfNvDh 4/116, zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 37ix})
6/227 (99) zfwX-wfvùt mcmsk' 6/323
(95) Ifkùt hfvD 4/123, zft-dmvzfk 6/426 (100) mfufïfkct ƒ'dkn¶fm 47/3
(96) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 28ix}, zft-mfumC' 6/227, Ifkùt zfïfm 4/16 (101) zfwX-wfvùt mcmsk' 6/326
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 71 72 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, däkDqk} zfïfrv vnCt W JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv zfmt dYt ˆv
Z ‫; א‬# (١٨٥) {7%4 7 / ْ E5 / F4 r@ ‫ א‬7XY2 "-9 / F6 / 8/ E5 } dhivDk. spsrkc bhD -ˆv uDhsb 9 hfv vmpfb ˆsnsY, dj§Â sjfb
ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb kfsk svfpf iftb jsv.« vmpfsbv hAfifsv nrDr hf pqDI nbsl ˆ jKfv …sïJ zfsndb sp, mlDbf
(hfj¶fvfr } 185) mcbfWqfvfv y]fl slJfv Jhv (zbA ˆtfjfv) stfsjslv mfsU siavB
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj ltDt ˆHfsh oarB jvf rsqsY sp, mrfb zfïfr jsvsYb zKhf dkdb y]fl slJfv hAfifsv zbA ˆtfjfv stfsjslv jfsY
ˆJfsb …©mskv njtsj nsìfLb jsvsYb. mfn ifWqf zKhf y]fl slsJ Jhv dbsqsYb. ˆƒ zfmtƒ JctfIfsq vfswlDb ˆv dYt. ˆƒ ubA
sbWqfsjƒ svfpf vfJfv srkc dbLGfvB jvf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr bf dhswN Hfhhfv dhNq sp, ˆjƒ ufqofv lwGb pdl iaskAj ufqofv ubA psKó
sjfb n©ialfqsj nsìfLb jsvsYb, zfv bf sjfb dhswN ˆtfjfv rskf, kfrst lCv-lCvf§À ipG§À sn Jhv siavB jvfv hAh²¿f jvf rskf zKhf
mcndtmsj ˆ zfslw jsvsYb. hvQ ˆ dhLfb zfm W hAfij, pf nfvf dhsw¶v zbfok …©mfrv ubA kfv ±ió sjfb dbslGw slWqf rskf. (102)
njt mcntmfsbv ubA. zk}iv pJb ˆ jKf nhGhfdln©mk sp, kxkDqk} ˆjfdLj Oebf sKsj ufbf pfq sp, nfrfhf W kfsh„bslv pcso
mcndtmslv iaskAj hAdÙÁv y]fl slJf wkG bq, hvQ ˆkecjcƒ psKó sp, y]fl djYc ˆtfjfq y]fslv iamfB dmtk ˆhQ zbA djYc ˆtfjfq y]fslv iamfB
slJfv Jhv si]ZYstƒ …©mskv sp sp hAdÙÁv jfsY sn Jhv si]ZYsh, sn sn dmtk bf. kfv Jhv däkDq ˆtfjfq si]ZsYW spk, dj§Â sjfb nfrfhD hf
hAdÙÁv ubA svfpf hf „l jvf Ivp rsh. kfsh„ stfsjslvsj Ycse pfWqf svfpf jfpf jvfv ùjcm dlskb bf. (103)
dj§Â …ÙÁ ltDt oarsB ˆjde hV zfidÙ ˆƒ sp, mrfb zfïfr svfpf 2. rflDn sKsj ltDt }
Wqfsuh rWqfv hAfifvef y]fl slsJ zKhf oBbfq mfn 30 dlb iCvB j'sv (j) zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb,
mfn iashw jvfv nfsK lfqhÝ jsvsYb; yfsr sn lwGb iajk x srfj zKhf .((7%5 ‫وא‬7 7 eْ E5 X4 Y2 4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 ‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5yE5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B‫و‬/ ‫;א‬97 ;7 E5 7<;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B))
iajk x nm (mfbok). zKGf{, ˆjub mcndtm dbsu y]fl slsJ zKhf sn zKGf{, pJb skfmvf y]fl slsJf, kJb svfpf (ðv¢) jv ˆhQ (29 kfvDsJ)
ˆmb ufqofq Kfsj, sp ufqofv stfsjvf y]fl slsJ. iaKm idvd²¿dksk ˆƒ pJb skfmvf y]fl slsJf, kJb svfpf YfsVf. zk}iv pdl (29 kfvDsJv
htf pfsh sp, sn zfnstƒ y]fl slsJsY. zfv däkDq idvd²¿dksk htf pfsh náAfq) zfjfw smOtf Kfsj, kfrst kfv zbcmfb jv (zKGf{ 30 dlb iCBG
sp, sn y]fl slJfv mfbok zh²¿fsb zfsY. zKGf{, pdl sjfb iajfwA hfLf bf j'sv bfW). (104)
Kfjk, kfrst sn hAdÙÁW hf²Àsh y]fl slJsk sik. ˆJb iaw´ rt sp, sp ltDt oarsBv iÝdk iafq ˆjƒ, spmb ƒdkiCshG …dïdJk rsqsY. zKGf{,
hAdÙÁ ˆmb ufqofq Kfsj, pfv …lq²¿t dHâ zKhf zbA sjfb jfvsB ˆ rflDsnv nsìfLb zfm W hAfij njt …©mskv ubA. zfïfrv vnCt
y]fl …lqƒ rt bf, kfrst snƒ ufqofq sn hAdÙÁ bf iajk x is[ y]fl slsJ, sjht mlDbfhfnDsjƒ nsìfLb jsvbdb, hvQ njt mcndtmslvsj nsìfLb
zfv bf-ƒ mfbok dlj sKsj y]fl slJfv zh²¿fsb Kfsj. nckvfQ jDHfsh jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA sjfbW ufqofq y]fl iamfdBk rst njt mcndtm snƒ
htf pfsh sp, sn ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb kfsk svfpf
iftb jsv.«---ˆƒ dbslGsw wfdmt? spsrkc kfv dbje mfn ifWqfef bf
iajk x Hfsh, zfv bf mfbokHfsh iamfdBk.
(htf hfùtA, …ÙÁ dbslGw hAfij bq. spsrkc zfqfsk htf rsqsY,
(102) dkhXqfbct zfdlïfr 7ix}, mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/46
ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh---« kfv mfsb zfqfskv …sÜwA (103) mfumC…t IfkfWqf 25/108, kfmrDl 14/358
nfvf …©mk bq, hvQ sjht kfvf, pfslv jfsY ˆ mfn iamfdBk rsh.) (104) hcJfvD 1900, mcndtm 2556bQ
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 73 74 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
zbcpfqD zfmt jvsh. (105) iamfB rq bf, pfv Ist …lq²¿stv dHâkf iajfw ifq. zfv bf-ƒ ˆƒ
ˆƒ ltDstv hAfifsvW ˆjƒ zfidÙ vsqsY, spmb ˆv iCshGv ltDstv lCvk¶ snƒ lCvk¶, pfsj idvHfNfq `lCv' htf rq. hvQ (mlDbf sKsj
hAfifsv dYt. zKGf{, ˆƒ rflDsn nsìfdLk stfj kfvfƒ, pfvf mv¢HCdm) mfÛ jsqj mfƒstv lCvk¶ sKsj Kfjsh. spsrkc sn pcsov
iajkx is[ zKhf mfbok zh²¿fsb y]fl lwGb jsvsY. nckvfQ pfvf mcnfdIv nfLfvBk} vfsÛv swNfQsw pfÛf-dhvdk oarB jvk. nckvfQ
iajkx is[ hf mfbokHfsh y]fl slsJ LbA rqdb, kfvf ˆ dbslGswv wfdmt iajkx ia²Àfsh ˆ rflDn lwGb-zdHâkfv ltDt bq, hvQ zbA ˆj
rq jDHfsh? spmb sp wrsv ucmzfv zfpfb rq, sn wrsvv stfsjslv mfnzftfv ltDt. zKGf{ sjfb ˆtfjfq zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist y]fl
ubA ucmzfq …id²¿dk uv¢vD. dj§Â sp wrsv ˆJbW ucmzfv nmqƒ rt slJf bf sost isvv dlb sjfb dbjehkGD (ˆjƒ …lq²¿tHcÙÁ) ˆtfjf
bf, sn wrsvv stfjslvsj ucmzfq …id²¿k rWqfv zfslw jDHfsh jvf sKsj y]fl rWqfv jKfv nkAfqb ifWqf pfq, kfrst ‰ lwGsbv oBAkf
pfq? ˆƒ ubA ndEj ˆefƒ sp, …ÙÁ rflDn ˆhQ zbcv™i njt rflDsnv rsh ˆhQ snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt jvf zfhwAj rsh.
dbslGw zfm W hAfij. pfsj …lq²¿t-dHâkfv zfstfybfq …dïdJk (o) rpvk …mfv ˆjlf y]fl slJfv ubA hfƒsv sostb. n©mcsJ ˆj
ltDtnmCr Jfn W nDmfhÝ jsvsY. zfsvfrDsj zfnsk slJstb. rpvk …mfv kfsj duÎfnf jvstb,
(J) iadnÝ kfsh„ dvhX„ dhb drvfw ˆj nfrfhD(106) sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb, `kcdm sjfsÚsj zfnY?' sn htt, `wfm slw sKsj.' rpvk …mfv
ˆjhfv mlDbf mcbWqfvfq vmpfsbv swsNv dlsj mksHl rt. (spsrkc icbvfq duÎfnf jvstb, `kcdm dj y]fl slsJY?' sn htt, `r]Af.' ˆ jKf
zfjfw idv°jfv dYt bf ˆƒ ubA stfsjslv zfsifsn kjG-dhkjG rsk ðsb rpvk …mfv htstb,
tfot.) ƒdkmsLA lcƒ shlc„b snJfsb …id²¿k rt ˆhQ zfïfrv bfm dbsq .XM P "9« ‫ א‬w3YG ،¯` ‫א‬
nf[A dlt sp, okjft náAfq kfvf y]fl slsJsY. nckvfQ bhD zfslw
dlstb sp, stfsjvf svfpf ƒIkfv jsv dbj ˆhQ zfofmD jft „lofsrv zKGf{, zfïfù zfjhfv! mcndtmslv ˆj hAdÙÁv y]fl slJfƒ psKó. (108)
ubA shv srfj. (107) ltDt oarsBv iÝdk rt ˆƒ sp, rpvk …mfv ˆj hAdÙÁ lwGbsj
ˆ rflDn sKsj ltDt oarsBv iÝdk ˆƒ sp, zfïfrv vnCt mlDbf nfvf mcntmfbslv lwGb oBA jvstb. …lq²¿stv dHâkf hf zbA sjfb
mcbfWqfvfv hfƒsvv y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv jvstb. pfsk ±ió rq sp, ifKGsjAv jKf …sïJ jvstb bf. hvQ rflDsnv hfoXLfvf sKsj ±ió rq sp,
ˆj ufqofv lwGb zbA ufqofq oarBspfoA ˆhQ iafmfBA hse. ‰ hAdÙÁ mlDbf mcbfWqfvf sKsj lCsv sjfb ufqofq y]fl slsJdYt.
dj§Â ˆ ltDt oarsBv …isvW zfidÙ ˆƒ sp, náAfq y]fl slJf ˆhQ dj§Â ˆ ltDt oarsBv …iv zfidÙ ˆƒ sp, iaKmk} ˆ rflDnde pqDI.
ivdlb yfwXskv nmq mlDbf mcbfWqfvf si]ZsY pfWqfq ˆmb sjfb lCvk¶ sjbbf, ˆƒ rflDsnv hBGbfnCsÛ ˆj hBGbfjfvD zfèct zf'tf Nf'tfhDv
hAfifsv …tfmfosBv nmfstfybf zfsY. hvQ ƒhsb zfhD rfskm W ƒmfm
bfnf„ iamcJ …tfmf kfsj iamfB-zspfoA oBA jsvsYb.( 109 ) iv§Â
(105) mfumC… IfkfWqf wfqJ ƒhsb hfp 15/79, mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk rpvk …mfv sKsj hBGbfjfvD zfècv vrmfb dhb zfhD tfƒtfv
2/50
(106) …ÙÁ nfrfhDv bfm zfhC mfn†l …j¶hf dhb zfsmv hflvD; spmb mc²Àflvfjct
rfsjm 1/397ˆ ±ió zfsY.
(107) zfhC lf†l 3340bQ, zfrmfl 5/362, 4/314, lfvfj¶k c ¶bD 3/169, ƒmfm ( 108 ) zfrmfl 1/29, 307bQ, zfhC qAf'tf, rfsjm, lfvfj¶ck¶bD 3/168-169,
lfvfj¶ck¶bD hstsYb, ˆv nbl rfnfb W iamfdBk. zfsvf slJcb } nrDr zfhC lf†l hfƒrfj¶D 7981bQ
3/54 (109) kfrpDhck kfrpDh 6/54-55
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 75 76 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

nf[f{ rpvk …mfv -ˆv nfsK iamfdBk bq. (110) rsh, pfslv zfjfsw nCpG Fcsh sosY hf Iuv …lq rsqsY. zfv pfslv
däkDqk} rflDsn lCv-lCvf§À sKsj zfnf sjfb mcnfdIsvv nfd[v zfjfsw ˆJsbf nCpG sFfshdb hf Iuv …lq rqdb, kfslv ubA sn dbslGw
jKf …sïJ sbƒ. ±ió sp, rpvk …mfv y]fl slJfv ubA Ov sKsj bq. zbcv™iHfsh sp ˆtfjfq vmpfb iashw jsvdb, wWqfstv y]fl …lq
(hfjD'v dlsj) shv rstb, snƒ nmsqƒ ˆj mcnfdIvsj (wrsvv hfƒsv rqdb ƒkAfdl, sn ˆtfjfv stfsjslvsj ‰ hAfij dbslGswv ipGfqHcÙÁ
sKsj) isK zfnsk slJstb, sp rpvk …mfv W k]fv nÌDslv zfsoƒ jDHfsh jvf spsk ifsv? sHsh slJcb, wvDqsk dj ˆv zbA sjfb …lfrvB
y]fl slsJ sIstdYt. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. zfsY, pfv …iv ˆsj zbcmfb jvf pfsh?
(O) vfnCtcïfr hstsYb, däkDqk} rflDsnv hAfJAfkfoB …ÙÁ rflDsnv sp HfhfKG hBGbf jsvsYb,
.((/‫;ن‬H&D
/ ]7 /‫;م‬4 G/ &
/|4 5yْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬/‫ون‬7 n- 3ْ ]7 /‫;م‬4 G/ 7 nْ 3- ْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬/‫;ن‬79;7 ]/ /‫;م‬4 G/ 7‫;م‬4 @ ‫))א‬ kf zfslZ oxrDk zsKGv nfsK dmst bf. htf hfùtA, zfmfv ufbf msk …ÙÁ
rflDsnv hAfJAf W dhsw½NsB …tfmfosBv lcƒ swaBDv jKf zfsY }-
zKGf{, svfpf, spdlb skfmvf svfpf vfsJf. ƒIkfv, spdlb skfmvf (ˆj) svfpf, jcvhfbD, rÏ, „l ƒkAfdl mcndtmslv ˆmb dhNq, pfv
ƒIkfv jv ˆhQ jcvhfbD, spdlb skfmvf jcvhfbD jv.(111) hAfifsv …©mskv jfsvf ˆjfjD dnÝf§À oarB jvfv sjfb ˆJdkqfv sbƒ.
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk ˆƒ sp, ˆƒ rflDsn nm²À mcndtmslvsj nsìfLb hvQ njt wrv hf slwhfnD ˆhQ mcndtmslv ufmfzfskv spZK dnÝf§Àsj
j'sv htf rsqsY sp, `skfmfslv svfpf vfJf, „l jvf W jcvhfbD jvfv dlb sofysv vfJsk rsh. …lfrvB öv™i, pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ wWqfstv y]fl slJsk
ˆj rWqf …dyk.'(112) ifq, kfv slJfv …isv lxP iakAqW Kfsj, dj§Â kfv zbA sjfb ˆmb nfKD
dj§Â ˆ ltDt oarsB zfidÙ dbm´v™i }- sbƒ, sp kfv y]fl slJfv hAfifsv kfsj nmKGb jsv. ˆƒ ubA hkGmfb
iaKmk} ˆef ˆjef hAfij dbslGw. pfv …dÜó rt snƒ stfsjvf, pfslv wfnj hf wrsvv zfmDv hf jfpD zKhf mcndtm ubnfLfvB kfv slJfv jKf
jfsY wvqD lwGsbv dHdÙsk svfpfv dlb zKGf{ 1tf vmpfb, „slv dlb nkAfqb jsv bf, kfrst kfv ubA ufsqp bq sp, sn ˆjfjDƒ „l iftb
zKGf{ 1tf wWqft ˆhQ jcvhfbDv dlb zKGf{ 10ƒ pctrÏ iashw jsvsY. jvsk shv rsq pfsh. hvQ mcndtmslv ufmfzfskv nfsKƒ kfsj „l
zfv sp ˆtfjf hf slwhfnDv dbje wvqDHfsh zKGf{ y]fl slJfv mfLAsm iftb jvsk rsh. Jch shdw rst sn ˆ jfu jvsk ifsv sp, sn ˆjjHfsh
ˆJsbf ipG§À vmpfb mfn iashw jsvdb, hvQ ˆJsbf snJfsb wf'hfsbv 28 svfpf vfJsh bf ˆhQ ƒIkfvDv sOfNBfW slsh bf. pdl wfnj, jfpD hf
hf 29 kfvDJ, ˆjƒHfsh vmpfsbv 28 hf 29 kfvDJ ˆhQ pctrsÏv 8 hf mcndtm ubnfLfvB kfv nf[A oarB jvfv hAfifsv ƒudkrflD Hct jsv,
9 kfvDJ, sn ˆtfjfv stfjdlosj vmpfsbv svfpf, „l W 10m pctrsÏv kfrst sn Hcstv ubA kfslvsj ifjVfW jvf rsh bf. ƒmfm dkvdmpD
jcvhfbD jvfv dbslGw jDHfsh slWqf spsk ifsv? dEj snHfshƒ, spHfsh (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ rflDsnv ubA dwsvfbfm sh]sL hstsYb,
nCpGfs²Àv nfsK nfsK svfpflfvsj ƒIkfvD jvfv zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY ˆhQ
‫&;ن‬D] ‫;م‬G &| ‫ ون وא‬n3] ‫;م‬G n3 ‫ ن א‬Q 9 +
Iuv …lq rWqfv nfsK nfsK kfsj ifbfrfv sKsj dhvk Kfjsk htf
rsqsY. idv°jfv jKf sp, ˆ dbslGw sjht snƒ stfsjslv …iv iaspfuA zk}iv …ipGcÙÁ rflDn …sïJ jvfv iv dtsJsYb,
m9 n3 ‫\א ن א ;م وא‬M " 9 œB :‫ ل‬ZE _G ‫\א א‬M X ‫ א‬CM • + E‫و‬
(110) slJcb } zfkX-kf'tDj¶ct mcobD 3/169, kfrj¶Dj¶t
c mcnbfl 1/324 .‫ א " س‬Xp ‫ و‬€ •‫א‬
( 111 ) zfhC lf…l 2326, dkvdmpD 697bQ ˆhQ wèfhtD k]fvƒ, ƒhsb mfufr zKGf{, djYc zfrst ƒtXm ˆƒ rflDsnv hAfJAf j'sv hstsYb, `ˆv zKG
1660bQ
(112) mfumC… IfkfWqf wfqJ ƒhsb hfp 15/78
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 77 78 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
rt, svfpf W „l rsh ufmfzfk W nQJAfodvô stfsjslv nfsK.'(113) ˆhQ dmdó shdw j'sv lfW.' zfdm httfm, `zfu zfdm ðLc ˆƒ zfwËfq
iadnÝ mcrfdÜn zfïfmf zfhct rfnfb dnáD (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ rflDsnv svfpf vfdJdb sp, zfu jcvhfbDv dlb bf rq.' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb htstb,
eDjfq dtsJsYb, hfrAk} ˆƒ rflDsnv zsKG ˆƒ hcUf pfq sp, …ÙÁ .7‫ א @" س‬7 n- 3ْ G7 /‫;م‬4 G/ 7 nْ 3- ْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬، 7‫ א @" س‬7 &
/ "4 G/ /‫;م‬4 G/ 7 &
4 "@ ‫א‬
dhNqnmCsr ˆjjHfsh sjfb hAdÙÁv sjfb r²Às[i ytsh bf. bf jfsvf ˆ zKGf{, jcvhfbDv dlb sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf jcvhfbD jsv ˆhQ „slv
zdLjfv zfsY sp, …ÙÁ dhNqnmCsr ˆjfjD ndÛÁq rsh. hvQ ˆ njt dhNq dlb sndlb, spdlb stfsjvf „l jsv. (115)
hkGmfb wfnj ˆhQ mcndtmslv ufmfzfskv lfdqsk¶. nckvfQ pdl sjfb ƒmfm zfhC lf†l (vfdrmfùïfr)v dbje ˆ jKfƒ iafLfbA sisqsY.
hAdÙÁ ˆjfjD y]fl slsJ, dj§Â hkGmfb wfnj kfv nf[A vÜ j'sv slq, nckvfQ dkdb k]fv ncbfsb zfstfyA rflDsnv …iv dwsvfbfm sh]sLsYb,
kfrst kfv ubA Wqfsuh, ˆ hAfifsv mcndtmslv ufmfzfskv zbcnvB
‫ ل‬¤‫;م א‬Z ‫ א‬ynT ‫ذא‬B +
jsv. (114)
(lcƒ) sp njt dhNsq ƒudkrfslv zhjfw zfsY ˆhQ ƒudkrfl nsÙ¶W hfh } pJb y]fl slJsk stfsjvf Hct jsv. (116)
Hct Ose hsn, kfrst zfïfrv i[ sKsj ifjVfW jvf rsh bf. …lfrvB zKGf{, ˆƒ hfh (idvs¤Yl) ˆ jKf hqfb jvfv ubA sp, sjfb n©ialfq
öv™i, stfsjvf y]fl slJfv icsvf syóf jvt, dj§Â y]fl slJf sot bf. pfv y]fl slJfv syóf jvt, dj§Â Hct rsq sot. (zfnst y]fl zfjfsw dYt.
Ist mcndtmvf wf'hfsbv 30 Èbdk iCvB j'sv svfpf vfJt. dj§Â dj§Â smO ƒkAfdlv jfvsB slJf sot bf.) nckvfQ kfvf mfsnv oBbf 30
ivhkGDsk ufbf sot sp, wf'hfsbv mfn zfnst 29 dlsbvƒ dYt ˆhQ iCvB j'sv dbt. zk}iv ivhkGDsk ufbf sot sp, mfn 29swv dYt.
stfsjslv y]fl slJsk Hct rsq sosY. ˆmkfh²¿fq kfslv sjfb sofbfr kfrst ˆ hAfifsv dhLfb jD? (117)
rsh bf ˆhQ kfslv ubA ˆjef svfpf jfpfW Wqfsuh rsh bf, pdl vmpfb ƒmfm hfƒrfj¶D (vfdrmfùïfr)W dbu ncbfsb hfh sh]sLsYb,
28 dlsbv bf rq. zbcv™iƒ mcndtmvf pctrsÏv y]fl slJfv syóf jvt, ‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬€Gu ’ ‫;ن‬0n° ‫;م‬Z ‫ א‬+
dj§Â sjfb jfvsB y]fl slJf sot bf. pfv Ist mcndtmvf zfvfIfv mqlfsb hfh } stfsjvf y]fl slJsk Hct jvst (kfv dhLfb).
9 ˆv hlst 10 pctrsÏ zh²¿fb jvt. dj§Â ivhkGDsk ufbf sot sp, zk}iv …ÙÁ hfsh rpvk zfhC ùvfƒvf W rpvk zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù
zfnst zfvfIfq zh²¿fb ˆj dlb iCshGƒ rWqf …dyk dYt. kfrst ˆƒ zfbùmf)v rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb. (118)
swaBDv Hct rWqfv jfvsB rÏ iaHfdhk rsh bf. hvQ sn rÏW idviCBG rflDn-oa§¿nmCsrv iadnÝ hAfJAfkf ƒmfm zfhC nctfƒmfb JfÙ¶fhD
ˆhQ dhtjct ndEj oBA rsh. iadnÝ kfsh„ rpvk mfnv™j (vfdrmfùïfr) (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ rflDsnv ˆjƒ zKG dhhxk jsvsYb.(119)
hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfvfIfv dlb rpvk zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v
dJlmsk rfdpv rtfm. dkdb zfmfsj htstb, `mfnv™jsj Yfkc JfWqfW
(115) hfƒrfj¶D 4/252, 8468bQ
(116) zfhC lf†l 2326bQ rflDsnv dwsvfbfm û}
(113) dkvdmpD 3/80, zfïfmf hflD…p pfmfb …ÙÁ hfshv zbchfsl jD nc¦lvƒ bf (117) zf…bct mf'hCl 6/316
hstsYb, hfh } ˆ jKfv dhhvB sp, „lct dIk¶v W zfprf kJbƒ, pJb nhfƒ dmst (118) hfƒrfj¶D 4/252, 8465-8468bQ, zfhC ùvfƒvf -ˆv rflDn }
iftb jvf rsh. (dkvdmpDv …lGc zbchfl 1/366) dh²Àfdvk ufbsk slJcb } kfrpDhcn ./‫;ن‬H&D
/ ]7 /‫;م‬4 G/ X4 `2 &
/|
4 5 ‫و‬/ /‫;ن‬79;7 ]/ /‫;م‬4 G/ X4 Y2 97 ;4 '
/
ncbfb, ƒhbct j¶fƒsqm, zf…bct mf'hCl 4/443, nchctnc nftfm 3/73, Ifƒpct j¶flDv
4/320, dn} nrDrfr zfthfbD 1/443-444 ˆhQ zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v rflDn } 7‫ א @" س‬7 n- 3ْ G7 /‫;م‬4 G/ 7 nْ 3- ْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬، 7‫ א @" س‬7 &
/ "4 G/ /‫;م‬4 G/ 7 &
4 "@ ‫א‬
(114) ƒhsb mfufv dnáD eDjf 105ix} 119
( ) mfzfdtmcn ncbfb 3/213
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 79 80 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
ˆƒ dhwl zfstfybf sKsj ufbf sot sp, zfstfyA rflDn lwGb- mfsU 8-9 O¦efv ifKGjA. zfv ˆ jKfW ±ió sp, hkGmfb idvd²¿dksk
zdHâkfv hAfifsv ±ió bq. hvQ kfsk vsqsY ˆjde hAfij dhLfb, n†lD zfvsh y]fl slJfv sOfNBf vfdÛ 9-10ef hfufv zfso Jch jmƒ rsq
pfsj …lq²¿t-dHâkfv zfstfybfq …dïdJk ltDtnmCr äfvf nDmfhÝ jvf Kfsj. sjbbf, nfLfvB sOfNBfv iCshG y]fl slJfv hAfifvsj dhdHâ ²Àv
rsh. zdkÛÁm jvsk rq. nhGiaKm ²¿fbDq jfpD (uu) kf kl§À jsv slsJb.
zk}iv hAfifvde …¤y dhyfv dhHfoDq nHfq lwGsbv iamfB-ziamfB dbsq
3. pcdÙÁ W djqfn sKsj ltDt } kls§Àv iv wfrD slWqfsb dvsifeG jvf rq. zk}iv snJfsb öDjxdk sisq
lwGb-zdHâkf (nfvf dhsw¶ ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf-„l jvf)v nmKGjvf ˆjde ipGfqÛÁsm dhyfv-dhHfo, övfóºm§ÃBftq ˆhQ iayfv mfLAsmv jfsY zfsn.
dhshjianCk ltDt hf pcdÙÁ ˆƒ siw j'sv Kfsjb sp, lwGb-zdHâkf smsb ˆƒHfsh hV syófv isv y]fl slJf W kfv sOfNBfv hAfifsv jm-sn-jm 2-
sbWqfv ˆjde tfH ˆƒ rsh sp, nfvf dhsw¶v mcndtmvf spmb ucmzfv 3 O¦ef stso pfq. Ist sn nmq dIdu W db…dutAfsà hnhfnjfvDslv
bfmfp ˆjƒ dlsb zflfq j'sv Kfsj, skmbƒ kfslv svfpf, „l W yfwXskv nmq rsq pfsh. ˆJb iaw´ rt, snJfbjfv stfsjvf ‰ dlsb
jcvhfbDW ˆjƒ dlsb iftb jvsk n[m rsh. zfv kfv Ist kfslv jDHfsh dbsuslv „l iftb jvsh? zKhf svfpf jDHfsh ðv¢ jvsk
zfsifsnv ‰jA W nQrdksk wdÙÁ hxdÝ ifsh. i[f§Àsv pdl mcndtmslv ifvsh? zfv pdl kfvf sndlb „l iftb bf jsv ˆhQ svfpf ðv¢ bf jsv,
äDbD iftifhGB dhdHâ slsw dhdHâ dlsb iftb jvf rsq Kfsj, kfrst kfv kfrst ˆjƒ dlsb „l iftb jvfv sp ncv ofWqf rs¤Y, kf jDHfsh n©iâ
Ist kfslv ‰jAƒ ðLc dhbó rsh kf bq, hvQ zbA ufdkv nfmsb rsh? iv§Â ˆƒ y]fl pdl n†lD zfvh sKsj zfsvf idÇysm zhd²¿k sjfb
kfslvsj rfnAf±il rsk rsh. (120) slsw slJf pfq, kfrst …dïdJk nmnAf zfsvf hxdÝiafå rsk ifsv.
ˆƒ pcdÙÁv …iv zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) dhswN msbfspfo ˆef ˆjef …lfrvB. pdl oHDvHfsh dy§Àf jvf pfq, kfrst ˆjdlsb
hAq jsvsYb. wfm slswv iadnÝ Ij¶Dr wfqJ zrhfr pcrfƒtD öDq oa§¿ svfpf-„l jvfsk zfsvf zsbj nmnAf nxdó rsk ifsv. pfv nmfLfb lwGb-
`zft-dIj¶ùt ƒntfmD zzfdlïfkcr'sk ˆƒ ltDstv …iv Jch sufv zdHâkfv lfhDlfvslv dbje slJf pfq bf. htf hfùtA mWtfbf ƒjhft
dlsqsYb ˆhQ ˆjub HfvkDq zfstm ˆdesj Jch …ÜDdik jsvsYb. (121) jDtfbD (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ nmnAfsj dhdHâ …lfrvB dlsq ±ió jsvsYb.
dj§Â ˆƒ pcdÙÁsk ˆjde hV nmnAf zfsY. pdl lwGb-zdHâkfsj smsb ˆJfsb k]fv lDOG zfstfybf …Ýxk jvst ziafndÌj rsh bf.
sbWqfW pfq, kfrst nfvf dhsw¶v mcndtmslv ubA sjht ˆjƒ dlsb ˆjƒ mWtfbf (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆj ufqofq dtJsYb, ªˆ hYv 1978
kfvDsJ „l iftb jvf ðLc mcwdjt jfuƒ bq; hvQ znýh hst msb dJa±efsèv wWqfstv y]fl tàsb náAf 4ef shsu 9 dmdbse u¦m dbt.
rq. …lfrvB öv™i, n†lD zfvsh zKhf kfv zfswifswv ƒntfmD kfvDJ dYt 2vf sns¨eìv. ˆƒ nmsq idhÛ drufsp (mÄf-mlDbfq) náAf
slwÈdtsk y]fl slJfv iamfB ifWqf sot. oaDs°mv dlb, ˆJfsb ˆJb nCpG 7ef shsu 9 dmdbe, ifdj²Àfsb vfdÛ 9ef shsu 9 dmdbe, iChG ifdj²Àfsb vfdÛ
7efv nmq z²À pfq. ˆƒ nmq n†dlqf sKsj iCshG zhd²¿k djYc slw, 10ef shsu 9 dmdbe, dIdu …iäDi W nfƒshdvqfsk sHfv 4ef shsu 9
spmb dIdu, db…dutAfà ƒkAfdlsk njft 3|30-4ef hfush. zKGf{, dmdbe dYt. kfvDJ dYt 2vf sns¨eìv. spsrkc ˆ njt ufqof
snJfbjfv stfsjvf Iusvv bfmfp isV sItsh. jfvB lcƒ slswv nmsqv zf§ÀuGfdkj doadby svJfv (dusvf dFdoav) iChG dlsj zhd²¿k.
drufp-nvjfv ˆƒ ndá[sB zKGf{, 2vf sns¨eìv 7ef 9 dmdbe vfsk
zfofmD jft „l rWqfv jKf sOfNBf jvt. kfrst dIdu …iäDi W
(120) slJcb } mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf 2q nQJAf, 2q Jà, 191-192ix} nfƒshdvqfv mcndtmvf snƒ nmq jD ˆJdkqfv jvsh? pdl ‰ dlb 2vf
(121) zfWqfƒtcw ðrCv, mÄf mcjfvGfmf jD v¢qfsk drtft 8ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 81 82 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
sns¨eìv „l jsv, kfrst ‰jA nýh bq. spsrkc drufsp „l rsh 3vf rq, kfrst yf¦û kfvDsJv oVdmt zfibf-zfidbƒ lCv rsq pfsh. ˆJb
sns¨eìv. zfv pdl svfpf vfsJ, kfrst sjb vfJsh? bkcb y]fl skf rsq ˆ]vf yfs¤Yb sp, zbcv™i mboVf iÝdksk yf¦û kfvDsJv ovdmt lCv jvf
sosY. ˆjƒ idvd²¿dkv nxdó rsh svfpf ðv¢ jvsk ˆhQ zbAfbA hAfifsvW. srfj. zfmfslv zfshlb ˆƒ sp, ˆ mboVf iÝdk `jfhDnfr' hf `bfnD'v
ˆ dYt bkcb y]fl W dhswN u¦mtso´v jKf. ˆJb zfmvf slJh, pdl idviCBG nflxwA vfsJ, yf¦û idÓjfq pfv sjfb ufqof sbƒ ˆhQ pf
bkcb y]fslv (us¦mv) ufqofq y]fl slJfsjƒ hcdbqfl hfbfsbf rq, kfrst mcndtmslv ubA jsEfvHfsh dbdNÝ.
sn ‰jA W nQrdk dj nýh? ˆ jKf iaKsmƒ ±ió rsqsY sp, y]fslv u¦m smO-hxdó zKhf zbA jfvsB zfjfw zidv°jfv Kfjfv jfvsB y]fl busv
W y]fl slJf lcde ixKj dudbn. …Hsqv mfsU 24 sKsj 30 O¦ef ipG§À bf ˆst kfsk idÓjfq sjfb iaHfh isV bf. ˆ ovdmt sjht ²¿fbDqHfsh
hAhLfb rsk ifsv. zfv ˆ jKfW zböDjfpG sp, suAfdkdhGlAf zbcnfsv y]fl rsq Kfsj ˆhQ ˆmb ovdmt drtft-jdmde zKhf ²¿fbDq iawfnb nf[A
slJfv ubA nfvf lcdbqfv njt ²¿fsb 24 O¦efv ufqofq 24 O¦ef 49 oarsBv dHdÙsk sOfNBfv mfLAsm lCv jvsk ifsv. ksh kfsk wkG
dmdbe nmq iasqfub. kfrst pdl nfvf lcdbqfv ubA y]fl slJfv jKf rt, …lq²¿t zdHâ rsh, dHâ rsh bf. …lq²¿stv dHâkfv jKf zfmvf
sOfNBf jvf rq, kfrst …isvfÙÁ …lfrvsBv yfƒsk shdw nmnAf slJf iCshGv idvs¤Ysl dhwlHfsh dhhxk jsvdY. yf¦û kfvDsJ ovdmt hf
dlsk ifsv. spmb …isvfÙÁ …lfrvsB 3vf sns¨eìv 1978 dJa±efsè mÄf mksHslv ˆef ˆmb ˆjde iajfv, pf zfmvf snZubAmCtj hAh²¿f oarsBv
mcjfvGfmfq y]fl slJsk ifWqf sot ˆhQ náAf nfsV nfkefq zfofmD dlb nfsK lCv jvsk ifdv.
„l rWqfv jKf sOfNBf j'sv slWqf rt. kJb smdÆsjf (zfsmdvjf)sk sOfNBfv mfLAsm nfvf lcdbqfq yf¦û kfvDJ zdHâ jvfv mfnzftfde hV
shtf nfsV bqef rsh. kfrst snJfbjfv stfsjvf dj ‰ dlb svfpf icsvf sevf ˆhQ sjfb dbdlGó dlsb W dbdlGó [sB „l ƒkAfdl iftsb ‰jA kfv
j'sv isvv dlb „l iftb jvsh, bfdj (Jhv ifWqf mfÛ) nfsK nfsK sKsjW shdw mcwdjt. zfmvf pdl yfƒ sp, rsÏv dlb n©mfdbk
ƒIkfv j'sv snƒ dlsbƒ „l iftb jvsh? …ÙÁ lcƒ zh²¿fv msLA sjfbX rfuDosBv lczfv nmq zfmvfW k]fslv nfsK wvDj rsq ƒhflk iftb
zh²¿fde mÄf mcjfvGfmfv nfsK ˆjkf hf nmkf hufq vfJf nýh rsh? jvh, kfrst kf rsh jdEb jfu. jfvB 9m pctrsÏv nCpG Ttfv iv
zfdm htdY, wvqD dbslGwsj dhtjct ixôdisY dbs[i jvf rstW sp sKsj náAf ipG§À n©mfdbk rfuDoB zfvfIfk mqlfsb lczf j'sv Kfsjb.
‰jA W nQrdkv zfwf jvf rs¤Y, kf iCvB rWqf busv zfnsh bf. ˆefƒ rt rsÏv nhsysq hV v¢jXb ˆhQ mCt rÏ. nCpG sFfhfv iv
mboVf iÝdksk dJa±eDq idÓjfq nmqnmCrsj zfso-disY jvfv Ist, k]fslvsj ia²¿fb j'sv `mfwzfv¢t rfvfm' (mcplfdtIfq) spsk rq. snƒ
doadby-svJfv …iv ˆj dlb jm-shdw jvfv Ist, zKGf{ ˆjƒ dlsb lcƒ nmq Hfvk W yDsbv mcndtmvf oHDv dbûfq dhsHfv Kfsj. zs±eºdtqfsk
vjm sufVfkfdt dlsq dJa±eDq kfvDsJ sp nmkf nxdó jvf rsqsY, kfsk snrvDv nmq rq. nmsqv snƒ dmt nxdó jvfv ubA dj mcndtmslvsj hfLA
hf²Àh zh²¿fq sjfb ifKGjA iVsk ifsv bf. jvf rsh?
y]fl slJfv dHdÙsk sjfb dbdlGó kfvDsJ lcƒ dlsbv ifKGjA iVsk ifsv. ˆjƒ zh²¿f jcvhfbDv dlsbv. 10m pctrsÏ rfuDoB dlb ðv¢ rskƒ
ksh sbrfkƒ jm ufqofq, zKGf{ lcdbqfv nfkfwkm Hfso. dj§Â zfmvf mcplfdtIf sKsj dmbf zfsnb. snJfsb ˆsn ifKv mfsvb. kfviv
sldJ sp, lcƒ dlsbv ifKGjA zdLjfQw nmsq idvlxó rq. pfv jfvB ‰ jcvhfbDv nmq rq. nckvfQ nCpG …lsqv iafq 3 O¦ef iv jcvhfbDv nmq
mboVf iÝdk. pfsj dHdÙ j'sv dJa±eDq idÓjfq ˆj dlsbv ifKGjAsj zfsn. zfv zfmvf kJb jcvhfbDv sofwXk ifdjsq sJsq rumW j'sv
lCvDHCk jvf rsqsY, pf oar-b[sÛv idvëmsBv jfvsB nxdó rsq Kfsj. ˆƒ sIdt. kfrst ˆ jfu rfuDslv nfsK nfsK rq, bfdj zfso zfso? iv§Â
ifKGjAW yf¦û kfvDsJ dosq isV. pdl ˆ mboVf iÝdk lCv j'sv slWqf ˆmb ˆtfjfW zfsY, spJfbjfv mcntmfb jcvhfbDv ˆƒ dlb ifv jsv
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 83 84 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
swfhfv ia²Âdk dbs¤Y. zfv ˆ dlsjv idvd²¿dk ˆƒ sp, n©mfdbk rfuDoB dj§Â ˆƒ ltDt oarsB ˆjfdLj dlj dlsq zfidÙ vsqsY }-
kJbW mcplfdtIf sKsj ia²¿fbW jsvbdb. ˆvƒ …iv zbcmfb j'sv ˆj } zfqfskv …ÙÁ kInDv …©mskv iChGfiv njt …tfmfv kInDv
zfmfslv bfmfspv zh²¿fW kfƒ, kfsk nmsqv ‰jA nýhƒ bq. sKsj dHâ. (123)
drufphfnDvf pJb spfrsvv bfmfp zflfq jsv, kJb zfmvf zfnsvv lcƒ } ˆƒ lfhD sp, `zfqfskv dHksv rsÏv …sïJ jftdbLGfvBsj
bfmfspv ia²Âdk oarB jdv. kfvf pJb Iuv isV, kJb ˆJfsb nCpG ²¿fbdbLGfvsBv nfsK spfonCÛ jfsqsmv ubA ˆsnsY.' ˆef ˆjef nC[¹ vrnA.
shw …]ycsk …sE pfq.« pf ±ióDjvsBv ubA sjfb ±ió ltDt lvjfv. yfsr kf bhD -ˆv hqfb
sKsj srfj zKhf k]fv zfmt sKsj srfj. zKy …Hqƒ zdhlAmfb.
mÄf mcjfvGfmfv y]fl lwGsbv oBAkf ˆmbdj JctfIfsq vfswlDb sKsj zfu ipG§À …©mskv sjfb zfstm
ˆ jKf …dïdJk rsqsY sp, ˆƒ zdHmskv zfdh°jkGf rstb zfïfmf jftdbLGfvBsj ²¿fbdbLGfvsBv nfsK dbhÝ jsvbdb. (124)
zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr). k]fv iCshG ˆhQ k]fv isv sjfb dbHGvspfoA
hAdÙÁk¶ k]fv nrmk sifNB jsvbdb. zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆjde zfqfk rflDn sKsj ltDt }
W ˆjde rflDnsj dHdÙ j'sv ltDt siw jsvsYb. dbsm´ kf …sïJ jvf bhD hstsYb,
rt. .((/‫;ن‬H&D
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zKGf{, svfpf, spdlb skfmvf svfpf vfsJf. ƒIkfv, spdlb skfmvf
jcvzfb sKsj ltDt }
ƒIkfv jv ˆhQ jcvhfbD, spdlb skfmvf jcvhfbD jv.(125) (126)
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
Z ‫; א‬# (١٨٩) {1‰&/ ْ ‫א‬/‫ و‬6‫ @" س‬- 7ˆ e- ‫א‬/;9/ /wM- C4 e2 -€IM- ‫ א‬68/ 5O/;2 5y4 G/ }
( 123 ) …ÙÁ zfqfskv kInDsv kInDvjfv …tfmfosBv nfvnQs[i jKf ˆƒ sp,
ªstfsj skfmfsj bkcb yf]l nìsá duÎfnf jsv, (sjb kf hfsV ˆhQ spsrkc rÏ ƒntfsmv ˆjde v¢jXb, pfv ubA nmsqv idvdydk ˆjde Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq.
jsm) ht, …rf stfsjslv (jfu-jfvhfsvv) ˆhQ rsÏv ubA nmq zfv spsrkc mcwdvjvf `bfnD' W `jfhDnf'v dhlzfk zfdh°jfv j'sv rsÏv mfn W
dbslGwj.« (hfj¶fvfr } 189) dlsb idvhkGb nfLb jsvdYt, snsrkc kfslvsj nkjG jvf rsqsY sp, rsÏv hAfifsv
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) dtsJsYb, ª…ÙÁ zfqfsk `bfnD' W `jfhDnf'v dhlzfk ufsqp bq. hvQ kfv ubA pctrsÏv mfn öfHfdhj
dbqsm dbBGq jvf srfj. (slJcb } kInDv j¶cvk¶chD 2/343, kInDv wfWjfbD 1/240)
mrfb zfïfr stfsjslvsj ˆƒ dbslGw dlsqsYb sp, y]fslv dkdKnmCsrv (124) mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/54
ovdmt W kfv mfsU jm-shdwsk kfslv njt jfu-jfvhfv W nmsqv ( 125 ) zfhC lf…l 2326, dkvdmpD 697bQ ˆhQ wèfhtD k]fvƒ, ƒhsb mfufr
dhhvB vsqsY. dhswN j'sv rsÏv dlbnmCr dbLGfvB. nckvfQ zfmfv hcU 1660bQ
msk zfm nmsqv jKf hst Jfn rsÏv nmsqv jKf htfv mfsU ˆ jKfv (126) rflDsnv sp zbchfl …dïdJk rsqsY, kfv zKG ±ió, kfsk sjfb iajfv udetkf
dlsj ˆjde nC[¹ ƒdÌk vsqsY sp, stfsjslv …dyk, dbsuslv nmsqv sbƒ. (ƒdkiCshG pfv dhwl hAfJAf jvf rsqsY.) dj§Â sp zbchfl zfmfslv ˆj rpvk
dbLGfvBW ˆjƒ ufqof zKGf{, rsÏv ufqof mÄf mcjfvGfmf zbcpfqD jsvsYb, kfW …sïJ jvf rs¤Y. ifEjslv jfsY zbcsvfL, zfibfvf ˆ zbchflW t[A
jv¢b W slJcb sp, ˆef rflDsnv zbchfl bfdj zihAfJAf W zKGdhjxdk? mcrkfvfm
jv¢j.« (122)
dtsJsYb, ªvfnCtcïfr (mÄfhfnDsj nsìfLb j'sv) hstsYb, svfpf (nfvf mcndtm-
dhsw¶ snJfsb y]fl slJfv Jhv zKhf zfjfw smOf¤Yâ Kfjfv Ist wf'hfsbv 30 dlb
(122) zfWqfƒtcw ðrCv 31ix} iCvB rsq pfWqfv Jhv ifbfrfvfdl sKsj dhvk rWqf Wqfsuh rWqfv iCshG si]ZsY---
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 85 86 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } dj§Â (vfdrmfùïfr)v ˆƒ ltDt oarsBv s[sÛ jdkiq zfidÙ zfsY }-
zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ rflDn …Ýxk jvfv iv dbu icd²Àjfv iafq iaKmk} `ˆ nsìfLb mÄfhfnD hf rfuDosBv …sÜswA dYt'---zfïfmfv
dkb ixôf ucsV kfv `ƒtXmD kfJvDu' jsvsYb. (rflDndev hBGbfnCÛ W ˆ …dÙÁ oarBspfoA bq. sjbbf, dkdb sp nbslv dHdÙsk …ÙÁ rflDnsj
svIfsv¦nX dbsq zfstfybf jsvsYb.) pfsk dkdb ˆ jKf iamfB jvfv syóf rÏ W kfv smZncsmv nfsK n©ixÙÁ msb jsvsYb, kf ðÝ bq. zfïfmf
jsvsYb sp, zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv …ÙÁ dhhxdk dhlfqD rsÏv nmsq dYt. (vfdrmfùïfr)v ltDt rt ncbfsb zfhC lf†sl …dïdJk rf©mfl dhb pfql,
nckvfQ dkdb dtsJsYb, ªˆ njt rflDsn svfpf, jcvhfbD, ƒIkfv („l) dkdb zfƒqch rsk, dkdb mcrf©mfl dhb mcbjfdlv rsk, dkdb zfhC ùvfƒvf
ƒkAfdlv …sïJ dhlfqD rsÏv nmsq jvfsk ˆ jKf hcUsk ifvf pfq sp, rsk hBGbfnCsÛv dbsm´v rflDn. zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb,
nfvf mcndtm-ufrfsb svfpf snƒ dlb vfJf rsh, spdlb mÄfhfnD svfpf vfJsh. •&
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ƒIkfv („l) sndlb jvf rsh, spdlb mÄfhfnD ƒIkfv („l) jvsh.
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zfvfIfskv mqlfsb sndlb zh²¿fb jvf rsh, spdlb mÄfhfnD snJfsb
zh²¿fb jvsh. htf hfùtA, ˆƒ ²¿fbnmCrsj y]fl slJf iamfsBv ubA ªskfmfslv „slv dlb snef, spdlb skfmvf „l iftb jv. jcvhfbDv
dbHGvspfoA mfbsk rsh ˆhQ mcntmfbslv ubA zfhwAj rsh dlb snef, spdlb skfmvf jcvhfbD jv. icsvf zfvfIfkƒ zh²¿fsbv ufqof.
ˆJfbjfv …lq²¿tsj mfbA jvf.« (127) icsvf dmbfƒ jcvhfbDv ufqof. mÄfv nm²À odtƒ jcvhfbDv ufqof. ˆhQ
icsvf mcplfdtIfƒ zh²¿fsbv ufqof.« (128)
ˆƒ wskG) snƒ dlb dhsLq rsh, spdlb skfmvf (sr mÄfhfnD) svfpf vfJsk ðv¢ jvsh. …ÙÁ rflDsnv kfJvDsu zfïfmf zfthfbD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstsYb,
zfv (zbcv™i nfvf mcndtm-dhsw¶) svfpfv Lfvfhfdrjkf swN jvf rsh, spdlb skfmvf ‫ ل‬e ` G M + 89 m G › Y" ‫ א‬8+‫ ن א‬E mnZ"9 % J; o &' " E
(sr mÄfhfnD) svfpfv Lfvfhfdrjkf swN jvsh. (zbcv™i mcndtm-dhsw¶) jcvhfbD sndlb
rsh, spdlb (10m sKsj kfwvDsjv swN dlb ipG§À) skfmvf jcvhfbD jvsh.« (mÄf
...<cx‫א و‬q ‫א‬
mcjfvGfmf jD v¢qfsk drtft 9-10ix}) zKGf{, rflDsnv nbl nrDr; pdl dhd¤Yâ bf rskf. spsrkc ƒhbct
zfdm spef hcdU, snef rt, ˆef rflDn wvDsIv zbchfl W hAfJAf bq, hvQ zihAfJAf W mcbjfdlv zfhC ùvfƒvf rsk ðsbbdb; spmb hfpXpfv iaHdx k ƒmfmoB
dhjxdk. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb. hstsYb. (129)
(127) zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v kfJvDu W nmD[fv …iv ˆjfdLj zfidÙ zfsY. pf
ufbf sot sp, zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) sp nblsj dHdÙ j'sv …ÙÁ
siw jvf zfmfv mskf kfstsh ƒtXsmv ubA swfHbDq bq. zhwA nkAfbcnáfbD
dw[fbcvfoDslv dbje zfshlb ˆƒ sp, rflDsnv hBGbfjfvDslvsj lchGt W dbHGvspfoA
dbLGfvB jvfv hAfifsv zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v ˆjfdjk¶sj sJqfst vfJshb. ˆ hAfifsv nsÙ¶W dkdb idvkAfuA.' zKGf{, zfïfmf rWqf nsÙ¶W dkdb idvkAfuA. (slJcb } zft-
zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v iasyóf shdw nIt iamfdBk rqdb. …lfrvB öv™i zfstfyA mcobD 2/619, zfkX-kfj¶vDh 882ix})
rflDsnv kfJvDsu ˆj ufqofq dtJsYb, `pfvf WqfsjlDsj pqDI hst, kfslv dhivDk (128) zfhC lf†l 2326, lfvfj¶k¶bD 1/163, hfƒrfj¶D 4/251
dkdb zfmfslv dbje dnj¶fr (dbHGvspfoA).' (eDjf 22ix}) zKy ƒtXmct ufvXdr zkX- (129) ƒvWqf…t oftDt 4/11, iajfw Kfsj sp, zfdm rflDnsj `pqDI' hdtdb, hvQ
kf'lDst (rflDsnv hBGbfjfvDslv nht-lcht G dbLGfvB-dhlAfq) ˆjde zböDjfpG hAfifv nblsj `pqDI' hstdY. rflDsnv mCt hÙÁhA nrDr. spsrkc ˆ rflDsnv icsvf hfjA
sp, WqfsjlD ðLc lcht G ƒ bq; hvQ jdEb lcht
G . ˆmbdj ƒmfm hcJfvD (vfdrmfùïfr) ixKj ixKjHfsh nrDr nbl äfvf iamfdBk. slJcb } zfïfmf zfthfbDv ƒvWqf…t
k]fsj idvkAfuA hstsYb ˆhQ ƒmfm bfnf„ hstsYb, dkdb rflDn uft jvskb. oftDt 4/11, dntdntfr nrDrfr 224bQ, zfmfv htfv zfnt …sÜwA rt, zfïfmf
iChhG kGD …tfmfosBv …dÙÁnmCsrv nfvnQs[i rfsIp pfrfhD ˆj hfsjA siw jsvsYb, zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr) rflDsnv sp nbl W wèȤYsj ltDt oarsBv dHdÙ
`k]fv idvkAfuA rWqf nhGn©mk.' rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv dtJsYb, `zofL ƒtXm Kfjf jsvsYb, kf nrDr bq.
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 87 88 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
Oebfsj dhlfqD rsÏv nfsK ucVsk sysqsYb, kf nrDr bq. ˆƒ ubA (lcde dhsvfdLkfv dwjfv rsh.)
pk[B ipG§À ˆ jKf iamfB bf rq sp, zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv …ÙÁ hfBD ˆj } vmpfsbv y]fl slJf nsÙ¶W kfvf svfpf vfJsh bf.
dhlfqD rsÏv nmq dYt, kk[B ipG§À …ÙÁ hBGbfv …iv ltDt oarsBv lcƒ } „slv y]fl slJf nsÙ¶W kfvf „l jvsh bf.
hcdbqfl vfJf pfsh bf. ˆƒ swaBDv nmnAf (hf dhsvfdLkf)v n©mcJDb mÄf mcjfvGfmfv iCshG zhd²¿k
däkDqk} pdlW ˆ jKf smsb sbWqf rq sp, bhD -ˆv …ÙÁ …dÙÁ slwhfnDvfW rsk ifsv. (spsrkc kfvf y]fl bf slJf nsÙ¶W svfpf-„l
rsÏv nmq dYt, kfrst sjfbX ltDstv dHdÙsk ˆ jKf htf rq sp, ˆ jvsh.) zKhf ˆ jKf htsk rsh sp, mÄf mcjfvGfmf W kfv ifw¶GhkGD
nsìfLb sjht mÄfhfnDv ubA dYt ˆhQ nfvf …©mskv ubA dYt bf? ˆtfjfv mcntmfbvf YfVf zbAslvsj ªy]fl slsJ svfpf vfsJf, y]fl slsJ
(zKy snJfsb mÄfhfnD YfVf zbA ˆtfjfvW stfjub …id²¿k dYt.) „l jv«---ˆ rflDn äfvf nsìfLb jvf rqdb. zKhf pdl zdb¤Yf nsÙ¶W
nckvfQ ˆef ltDtrDb ˆjef lfhD. pdl zfqfk W rflDsnv kInDv W y]fslv …iv buv isV pfq, kfrst nk¶v buv dIdvsq sbsh, pfsk vmpfb
hAfJAfv ˆƒ lvuf Jcst slWqf rq, kfrst skf sp sj… dbsuv ƒ¤Yfmskf mfsn svfpf YfVf ˆhQ „slv dlsb svfpf vfJfv sofbfrsk dtå bf rsq pfq.
kInDv W hAfJAf j'sv shVfsh. zKy kf rt dwqf W zbAfbA ëó dIjGfv iÑmk} ˆef (…ÙÁ rflDsnv) ˆmb ˆj zKG, pfv hAfifsv bhhD pco
bDdk. sKsj zfu ipG§À 1400 hYv, hvQ kfvW shdw nmq ipG§À
kxkDqk} pdl ˆ nsìfLb dhswN j'sv mÄfhfnDv ubA dYt, kfrst jv¢Bfiafå …©mk zÎ dYt. ˆ nC[¹ dhNqde bf sjfb mcIfnXdnv hcUstb,
kfsk zdHâ lwGb W nfvf dhsw¶ ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf-„l jvfv iamfB sjfKfq zfv bf sjfb mcrfdÜn, zfv bf-ƒ sjfb Ij¶Dr!
vsqsY? hvQ rflDsnv iajfwA zKG ˆƒ sp, zfïfrv vnCt ˆƒ ˆJb iaw´ rt, ˆmb rWqfef dj nýh?
nmfshwsj nchBG ncspfov™si hAhrfv j'sv zfmHfsh nfvf …©mksj .X p ‫> ن‬F+ ‫\א‬M O & # P
nsìfLb jvstb sp, iaskAj ufqofq mcndtmslv …dyk, dbsuslv svfpf, ˆ rflDsnv ndEj zKG jD? diYsbv iMdÙÁÈdtsk kfv iadk ƒdÌk jvf
„l W jcvhfbDv nmsq spb zfsifsn mksHl bf jsv; spmb zfujft rsqsY.
slJf pfs¤Y. hvQ spJfsbƒ y]fl slJfv nf[A ifWqf pfsh, snJfbjfv
stfsjvf sjfb mksHl W mkdhsvfL YfVf ˆj nfsK svfpf, „l W jcvhfbD lwGb-dHâkfv ltDtnmCr
iftb jvsh. p]fvf hstb, ˆtfjfdHdÙj y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l jvsk rsh, k]fslv mskv
ykcKGk} mÄf mcjfvGfmf (wfvGfIfrfïfr)sj y]fl slJfv sj¦û hfdbsq nis[ hdBGk ltDt W pcdÙÁ vsqsY, pf dbm´v™i }-
sbWqfsk ˆjef Jch hV nmnAf slJf slsh. sp njt slw mÄf mcjfvGfmfv
idÇysm zhd²¿k ˆhQ ûfdOmfsvJfsk ifKGsjAv Ist snJfsb y]fl zfso hdBGk (rflDn sKsj) ltDt
slJf pfq. kfrst kfvf y]fl slsJ sbWqf nsÙ¶W dbsuslv lwGbsj iafmfBA iadnÝ kfsh„ rpvk jcvfƒh dhb zfhD mcndtm, zfècïfr dhb zfêfn
oBA jvsh bf. zKGf{, pdl vmpfsbv y]fl rq, kfrst y]fl slJf nsÙ¶W svfpf -ˆv öfLDbjxk lfn hstb, ˆjlf …©mct IfpXt dh§Ât rfsvN
vfJf ðv¢ jvsh bf; pdlW wvqDHfsh mchfvj vmpfsbv mfn kfvf iafå (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)( 130 ) zfmfsj wfm slsw mczfdhqf -ˆv dbje
rsqsY. zfv pdl „slv y]fl rq, kfrst y]fl slJf nsÙ¶W „l iftb jvsh ifEfstb. zfdm wfm (dndvqf) si]ZsY k]fv iasqfub iCBG jvtfm. zk}iv
bf. sjbbf, mÄf mcjfvGfmfq ˆJsbf y]fl slJf pfqdb. zKy kfslv jfsY
wWqft mfn iashw jsvsY. zfv ˆƒHfsh kfvf lcde nmnAfv n©mcJDb rsh. (130) rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv zf©mf.
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 89 90 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
zfmfv wfsm Kfjf jfstƒ vmpfb ðv¢ rt. (hxr±idkhfv dlhfok) skfmfslv mfsU W y]fslv mfsU smO z§Àvft rst 30 nQJAf iCvB j'sv
ucmzfv vfsÛ y]fl slJtfm. zk}iv mfsnv swN dlsj mlDbfq ˆtfm. bfW ˆhQ zfso shsV mfnsj hvB jsvf bf.« (132)
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn zfmfsj y]fslv hAfifsv duÎfnf jvstb, pdl ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv dbje sjfb bhhD zfslw dYt, kfrst kf
`skfmvf jsh y]fl slsJY?' zfdm httfm, `zfmvf ucmzfv vfsÛ slsJdY.' ufbf lvjfv, pfsk slJf pfq sp, kf dbu zsKG jkef ±ió. zfv `zfslw'
dkdb htstb, `kcdm dbsu slsJY?' zfdm httfm, `uD rA]f. zfv htsk pdl …dïdJk hfBD (k]fv hdBGk rflDn) rq, kfrst kf ˆjef hAfij
stfsjvfW slsJ svfpf svsJsY ˆhQ rpvk mczfdhqfW svfpf svsJsYb.' zfslw. pf dlsq sjfb dhswN n©ialfq, slw hf ˆtfjfv stfjsj nsìfLb
rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, `dj§Â zfmvf skf (ðÛÁhfv dlhfok) jvf rqdb. nckvfQ ˆef dhsvfLDslv ltDt rsk ifsv bf (pfvf hst, ˆj
wdbhfv vfsÛ y]fl slsJdY. zkˆh zfmvf 30 iCBG bf rWqf ipG§À zKhf ˆtfjfv slJf y]fl zbA ˆtfjfv svfpf-„slv ubA psKó bq). i[f§Àsv
bkcb y]fl bf slJf ipG§À svfpf vfJsk Kfjh.' zfdm httfm, `mczfdhqfv rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv wfmslswv lwGb oarB hf mfbA bf
lwGb W k]fv svfpfv Jhv dj zfibfv ubA psKó bq?' dkdb htstb, `bf. jvfv hAfifv, snef k]fv dbuö ƒudkrfl, pf mfbsk zfmvf hfLA bƒ. (133)
zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj ˆ vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.'(131) …ÙÁ zfidÙv uhfh ˆƒ sp, iChGfiv hfoXLfvf sKsj ˆ jKf iajfw ifq sp,
…ÙÁ rflDn lwGb-zdHâkfv dhis[ nhsysq ±ió ltDt. ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv dbje sjfb ±ió zfslw hf dbslGw dYt. zKhf dkdb
sjbbf, …©mskv ncidàk vnCt -ˆv nfrfhD rpvk zfècïfr dhb (öhdBGk rflDsn) …ÙÁ bhD -ˆv zfslw sKsj ˆ jKf hcsUsYb sp,
zfêfn wfmslswv lwGbsj drufspv ubA oBA hst msb jvstb bf. iaskAj ˆtfjfv stfjdlosj ‰ bhhD zfslw äfvf skmdb nsìfLb jvf
hvQ ˆ jKf hst vÜ j'sv dlstb sp, `zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj ˆ rsqsY, spmb bfmfspv nmq äfvf nsìfLb jvf rsqsY. …lfrvB öv™i
vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.' kfv mfsb ˆj ufqofv lwGb zbA ufqofv ubA kfvf spfrsvv bfmfp kJb iVsh, pJb kfslv zfjfsw nCpG Tst pfsh.
psKó bq. zbcv™i svfpf kJb ðv¢ jvsh, pJb vmpfb mfn …id²¿k rsh.
dj§Â …ÙÁ ltDstv …iv ˆjfdLj zfidÙ ufbfsbf rsqsY }- wfqJct rflDn …hfƒlcïfr mchfvjicvD (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ rflDn dbsq
(1) rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv …dÙÁ, `zfïfrv vnCt zfstfybf jvsk dosq dtsJsYb,
zfmfslvsj ˆ vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.'---ˆsk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv sjfbX ’ ‫ م‬r ‫ وא‬._G ‫ ق א‬# M ¬ <‫ د‬G C9 &> ‫א‬ ± 9 w `;r ‫و " [ ` م א‬
zfslw …dÜó? M p E ، C 9 €˜ # 89 ‡G e F" +‫ ق و‬r ‫© א‬B ً ˜ 9 €"G ‫ א‬89 € r ‫ א‬€FQ
Hfhhfv dhNq sp, ˆ hAfifsv dj k]fv jfsY dhswN sjfb zfslw dYt?
>T‫ وא >¯ א‬، ‫ م‬r ‫ א‬CM €Gu > G › œB %" ‫ א‬w| ‫س‬ 8+‫ن א‬B
zKhf k]fv …sÜwA vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ˆƒ zfslw,
/ z- 5 z/ 5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 1 Y5 E5 • &
/ #/ 7%"/4 +/‫و‬/ X4 Y2 "/4 +/ /‫ ل‬P
/ ‫ن‬4 6vE5 -%>- G/ u4 7 - ‫وא‬7 n- Eْ 5 ‫و‬/ -%>- G/ u4 7 - ‫;א‬79;7')) .m# r ‫א‬ ‫\א א‬M CQ m n ‫א‬
.(( ً /Zْ >- #4 ‫ א‬/ F4 r@ ‫;א א‬2- Zْ >/4 ]/ 5 ‫و‬/
ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf vfsJf, y]fl slsJ svfpf YfsVf. zk}iv ( 132 ) zfrmfl 1985, zfhC lf†l 2329, dkvdmpD 688, bfnf„ 2129, ƒhsb
Jcpfƒmf 1912, ƒhsb drêfb 3590, lfsvmD 1683, rfsjm 1547, hfƒrfj¶D
8201bQ, ƒhsb zfêfn jkGjx hdBGk.
(131) mcndtm 2580, zfrmfl 10/306, zfhC lf†l 2334, dkvdmpD 693bQ, bfnf„ 133
( ) ˆ rt ƒmfm wWjfbDv zfidÙv nfvnQs[i. slJcb bfƒtct zfWk¶fv 2/506-
4/131 507, kcrIfkct zfrWqfpD 3/308-309
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 91 92 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
ªzfmfv dbje wWjfbDv jKf jój¬ibfv …iv dHdÙwDt, rflDsnv Wqfdrl'-ˆv nf[A k]fv dbje oarBspfoA dYt bf.
iajfwA hfoXLfvf pfv Jàb jvsY. wfmslw mlDbfv …Ùv-iCshG 700 mfƒt sj… sj… ˆ jKfW hstsYb sp, rsk ifsv snƒ nmq mlDbf
lCsv zhd²¿k. kfƒ pf ±ió rq, kf ˆƒ sp, ƒhsb zfêfn wfmslswv mcbfWqfvfq …lq²¿t idv°jfv dYt ˆhQ mlDbfhfnD pJb y]fl slsJdb, kJb
y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv jsvbdb ˆhQ ˆƒ dhwft hAhLfsbv snƒ zh²¿fq y]fl slJfv hAfifsv ˆjub stfsjv nf[A oarBspfoA bq.
jfvsB …lq²¿t-dHâkfsj mfbAkf dlsqsYb. (134) …ÙÁ zfidÙv uhfh ˆƒ slWqf rsqsY sp, iaKmk} ˆef dbYj ˆjef
ˆ YfVf ˆ jKf nlf-nhGlf mfKfq vfJsk rsh sp, nfrfhfsq djvfm bhD ˆmb lfhD, pfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. spsrkc rflDsn kfv iadk sjfb ƒdÌk
jvDm -ˆv jKf nvfndv ðbskb ˆhQ k]fv hÙÁshAv zKG W …sÜwA sbƒ. (137)
shdw hcUskb. dhswN j'sv rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv mk däkDqk} jcvfƒh y]fl slJfsk ˆjf dYstb bf. hvQ k]fv nfsK
ˆjub Ij¶Dr nfrfhD, p]fv hAfifsv bhD -ˆv Jfn lczf dYt, mcndtmslv ˆjde hV lt y]fl slsJdYt. mcndtmslv JtDIf ˆhQ
wfmslswv nm²À mcntmfb sn lwGbsj iafmfBA smsbdYt. spmb sn jKf
.((/CG6‫ْو‬y>@ ‫ א‬7%4 £ / ‫و‬/ 68G1 ‫ א‬w-E 7%F4 Z£ E5 @XF7 I ‫))א‬
rflDsnv wèfhtDskƒ nc±ió.
ªsr zfïfr! kcdm Wsj äDsbv dIj¶r (Îfb) lfb jv ˆhQ kInDsvv kxkDqk} rpvk jcvfƒh y]fl slJfv nf[A slbdb, hvQ dkdb ˆj dhswN
ƒtXm dwdJsq lfW.« (135) ufqofq y]fl rWqfv Jhv dlsqsYb. zfv …tfmfosBv dbje nf[A slWqf
zfsvf dhswN j'sv snƒ nmq mlDbf mcbfWqfvfq hù nfrfhf dhlAmfb ˆhQ Jhv slWqf---lcde ixKj dudbn. …tfmfoB `Jhsv Wqfdrl' skf
dYstb. dj§Â sj…ƒ rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv jKfv iadkhfl oarB jsvb, zhwA ˆjub nf[Dv nfs[Av hAfifvef dhshybfnfsi[A. (138)
jsvbdb.(136)
ˆƒ ubA sjfb ±ió ltDt YfVf dnQrHfo nfrfhfv hcUsj vÜ jvf
sjfbHfshƒ nÌk bq. ˆ YfVf snƒ njt mcrfdÜnDb, p]fvf rpvk (137) sjfb sjfb zfstm ˆv uhfsh hstsYb sp, ˆ jKf jDHfsh smsb sbWqf pfq sp,
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn rpvk jcvfƒshv Jhvsj ðLc ˆƒ ubA …si[f
zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv …ÙÁ rflDn dbu dbu oas§¿ nQjtb jsvsYb, jvstb sp, Jhvlfkf sjht ˆjub dYt. spsrkc k]fvƒ hBGbfq zfsY sp, ˆj shlc„b
k]fvfW k]fv dIj¶Xr W nmsUv nmKGb jsvsYb. spmb k]fslv …dÙÁ zfofmD zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dJlmsk …id²¿k rsq htt, `zfdm vmpfsbv y]fl slsJdY.'
iMXdÙÁnmCsr …sïJ jvf rsh. dkdb htstb, ªkcdm dj `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr'v nf[A lfW?« zKGf{, kcdm dj mcndtm?
(2) …ÙÁ ltDstv …iv däkDq ˆjde zfidÙ ˆƒ jvf rq sp, nýhk} sn …Ùsv htt, `r]Af.' zk}iv dkdb zfhfsvf duÎfnf jvstb, ªkcdm dj `mcrf©mflcv
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn wfmslswv y]fl slJfsj ˆƒ ubA mfbAkf vfnCtcïfr'v nf[A lfW?« sn …Ùsv htt, `r]Af.' kf ðsb dkdb htstb, ªsr dhtft!
slbdb sp, snef dYt `Jhsv Wqfdrl' (ˆj hAdÙÁv nQhfl) ˆhQ `Jhsv stfjslv mfsU sOfNBf j'sv lfW spb, zfofmfD jft svfpf vfsJ.« (zfhC lf†l 236,
dkvdmpD 691, bfnf„ 2114, ƒhsb mfufr 652bQ) ˆ rflDn nrDr dj bf, kf dbsq
…tfmfslv mksHl zfsY. (slJcb } zft-mfumC, bfWqfhD 4/282, zft-dmvzfk
(134) dmvzfkct mfIfkDr 4/428, hf²Àh ˆƒ sp, dlmfõ 35 dFdoa iChG ûfdOmfsvJfq 6/448-449, ƒvWqf…t oftDt 4/15-16)
ˆhQ mlDbf mcbfWqfvf 40 dFdoa iChG ûfdOmfsvJfq zhd²¿k. zfv …Hsqv mfsU 5 dFdoav ( 138 ) ƒmfm zfhC hfjXv ƒhbct zfvfhD (vfdrmfùïfr) `zfrjfmct j¶cvzfb'-ˆ
ifKGjA zfsY. pfsk …lq²¿t dHâ rWqfv zhjfw zfsY. dtsJsYb, `zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj ˆ vjmƒ zfslw dlsqsYb.' rpvk zfècïfr
( 135 ) zfrmfl 2397bQ, ˆ rflDn nQd[åfjfsv nrDr hcJfvD ƒkAfdlsk dhlAmfb dhb zfêfn -ˆv ˆƒ …dÙÁv hAfJAfq mksHl zfsY. sj… sj… hstsYb, spsrkc
zfsY. rpvk jcvfƒshv Jhv `Jhsv Wqfdrl' dYt, snsrkc dkdb kf vÜ jsv dlsqdYstb.
(136) mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/36 sj… sj… hstb, spsrkc …lq²¿stv dlj sKsj lcde ˆtfjf dHâ dHâ dYt, snsrkc
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 93 94 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

ykcKGk} rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn pJb jcvfƒshv Jhv ðbstb Jhv ifWqf pfq bf sp, nfvf …©mksj zdHâ lwGsbv Hfviafå jvf rsqsY.
ˆhQ wfmslswv y]fl slJfsj iafmfBA oBA jvstb bf, kJb dkdb ˆ jKf (ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf-„l iftsbv zfslw slWqf rsqsY.) bhD zfjvfm
htstb bf sp, `kcdm Jhvlfsb ˆjtf' zKhf `sndlb zfmfslv zfjfw W JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv pcso ˆmb sjfb Oebf hdBGk rqdb sp, spdlb
idv°jfv dYt ˆhQ iasyóf nsÙ¶W stfsjvf y]fl slJsk ifqdb' ƒkAfdl, hvQ mlDbfhfnD svfpf vfJsk ðv¢ jsvsY zKhf spdlb drufphfnD „l iftb
dkdb ˆƒ hst sn Jhv …si[f jvstb sp, `zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslvsj jsvsY zKhf spdlb mÄf-mlDbfv stfj jcvhfbD jsvsY, sndlb mcndtmslv
ˆƒ zfslwƒ dlsqsYb.' zKGf{, lCv slswv y]fl slJfv …iv zfmvf dbHGv zbAfbA ˆtfjf hf wrvnmCsrv stfsjvfW „l W jcvhfbD iftsb pk´hfb
bf jdv. (139) rsqsY. (140)
pdl htf rq sp, sn pcso y]fslv Jhv slWqf mcwdjt jfu dYt, kfƒ
pcdÙÁv ltDt } bDvhkf ˆJdkqfv jvf rsqsY, kfrst ±ió mkth ˆƒ sp, zdHâ-lwGsbv
sp …tfmfoB nfvf dhsw¶ lwGb-zdHâkfv nmKGj bb, k]fvf ˆj pcdÙÁ snƒ Èv¢k¶ sbƒ, sp Èv¢k¶ hkGmfsb zfsvfi jvf rs¤Y. zfv zfïfrƒ
siw jsv hstb sp, pdl lwGb-dHâkf uv¢vD rk, kfrst nfrfhfosBv pco zdLj ufsbb.
sKsj ivhkGD pcsov mcntmfb wfnj W …tfmfoB dbsuslv vfuLfbD djQhf
zbA ²¿fsb y]fl slJfv jKf iamfB rsq pfWqfv iv slswv njt iafs§À zdHâ-lwGsbv hAfifsv dhdHâ mkfmk W kfv ltDt
ufdbsq dlskb ˆhQ pKfnýh uboBsj svfpf W „slv hAfifsv ˆjkfhÝ iaKm mk }
vfJfv syóf jvskb. zKy ˆmb sjfb ltDt hf Oebf ifWqf pfq bf. zfu …lq²¿t zdHâ rWqfv s[sÛ zdHâ-lwGb mfbA ˆhQ …lq²¿t dHâ
ˆ zhdL syZÜde wkfèD ifv rsq sosY, dj§Â sjfb wkfèDv hAfifsv ˆ rWqfv s[sÛ zdHâ-lwGb mfbA bq.
ˆƒ mkfhtìD …tfmfoB ltDt öv™i jcvzfb, rflDn W pcdÙÁ siw j'sv
dkdb ‰ Jhv …si[f jsvdYstb. zfv ˆ jKfƒ dEj. sjbbf, jcvfƒh (y]fl slJfv)
Kfsjb. iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆƒ mkfhtìD …tfmfosBv ltDtnmCr dEj
nf[A slbdb. (kfƒ ˆjtf rWqfv jfvsB kf vÜ jvf rsqdYt.) hvQ dkdb ˆmb ˆj snƒÈdt, spÈdt zdHâ-lwGsbv nmKGjoB siw j'sv Kfsjb. zhwA
dnÝfs§Àv Jhv dlsqdYstb, pf nf[A äfvf iamfdBk dYt. iv§Â ˆ hAfifsv sjfb mksHl ltDt oarsBv iÝdk dHâ.
sbƒ sp, pdl sjfb Jhv nf[Alfsbv dHdÙsk iamfdBk rsq Kfsj, kfrst kfv hAfifsv jcvzfb sKsj ltDt }
`Jhsv Wqfdrl' psKó. …lfrvB öv™i pdl (mvsÄfv) zfomfk wrsv hxr±idkhfv y]fl mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
slJf pfq ˆhQ (…¦lctcsnv) zfwdhdtqf wrsv (ðÛÁhfv dlhfok) wdbhfv vfsk y]fl
Z ‫; א‬# (١٨٥) {7%4 7 / ْ E5 / F4 r@ ‫ א‬7XY2 "-9 / F6 / 8/ E5 }
rq, kfrst iaskAj wrsvv dbu dbu lwGb zbcpfqD zfmt rsh. sjbbf, Canopus
(zo²ÀA b[Û) (zdLjfQw nmsq) zfomfsk buv zfsn, dj§Â zfwdhdtqfsk buv ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb kfsk svfpf iftb jsv.«
zfsn bf. ˆ rt …lq²¿t-dHâkfv iamfB. (kInDv jcvkchD 2/296) (hfj¶fvfr } 185)
ƒmfm bfWqfhD (vfdrmfùïfr) zfstfyA (jcvfƒshv) rflDsnv hAfJAfq dtsJsYb, ˆ rflDn ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } hjGkmq zfqfsk svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfsj
sKsj ±ió rq sp, rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn jcvfƒshv Jhvsj ˆƒ ubA …si[f mfniafdåv nfsK lfqhÝ jvf rsqsY. zfv svfpfv mfsnv dhlAmfbkf 29sw
jvstb, spsrkc y]fl slJfv jfpGjfdvkf lCv slswv s[sÛ iafmfBA oBA rsh bf. (wfvù
mcndtm 7/84-85, zfsvf slJcb } zft-dmvzfk 6/428, IfkfWqf zfrdtt rflDn
wf'hfsbv náAfq y]fl slJf zKhf dÛswv Èbdk icvf jvfv …iv dbHGvwDt.
2/310-311)
(139) mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/44-45 (140) slJcb } zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 29ix}, zfhrfNc djhfdvt …tfmf 3/33-34
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 95 96 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
spmb rflDn wvDsI ˆsnsY, ªy]fl slsJ svfpf jsvf, y]fl slsJ svfpf iamfB iajk x fsKG zKhf mfbokHfsh ifWqf pfsh, sn ufqofv stfsjslv
YfsVf.« ˆJb ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆmb ufqofq hnhfn jsv, spJfsb …lq²¿t dHâ ubA (vmpfsbv y]fl rst) svfpf vfJf ˆhQ (wWqfstv y]fl rst) „l jvf
rWqfv jfvsB bf wf'hfsbv 29 kfvDJ zfsY, zfv bf-ƒ y]fl slJfv Wqfsuh rsh. zfv ˆ jKf sHZsofdtjHfsh nhGn©mk sp, ˆjƒ dlsb nfvf
nýfhbf zfsY. ˆƒHfsh snJfbjfv hfdn¦lfslv vmpfb mfniafdå rq bf. dhsw¶ y]fl slJf nýh bq. hvQ …lq²¿stv dHâkfv jfvsB ˆj zKhf lcƒ
zfv pJb svfpfv mfniafdå bf rq, kJb kfslv …iv svfpf jDHfsh Ivp dlsbv ifKGjA rsk ifsv; spmb hf²Àsh kf slJfW pfq. ˆƒ ubA pdl sjfb
rsk ifsv? (141) ufqofq y]fl slJfv iamfB ifWqf pfq ˆhQ sn ufqofv …lq²¿t zbA zfv
…ÙÁ ltDstv …iv zfidÙ jvf rq sp, mrfb zfïfr vmpfsbv svfpf ˆj ufqofv …lq²¿t sKsj dHâ rq, kfrst ˆ jKf htf pfsh bf sp, ‰
njt mcntmfsbv …iv Ivp jsvsYb. nckvfQ pJb dbHGvspfoA stfj ufqofskW y]fl slJf iamfdBk rsqsY. hvQ nkA ˆƒ sp, snJfsb y]fl
äfvf ˆ jKf iamfB rt sp, idhÛ vmpfb ðv¢ rsq sosY, kJb njt slJfv hAfifvef bf iajk x fsKG, zfv bf-ƒ mfbokHfsh iamfdBk. snƒ ubA
mcntmfsbv …iv ‰ dlsbv svfpf vfJf Ivp rsq sot. spsrkc wvDqk snJfsb svfpf hf „lW Wqfsuh rsh bf.
iaskAj hAdÙÁ W iaskAj wrvhfnDv iadk y]fl slJfv wkGfsvfi jsvdb. (142) ˆƒ ltDstv …ivW snƒ zfidÙ jvf rsqsY, pf iCshGfÙÁ ltDstv …iv
ˆ zfidÙv uhfh ˆƒ slWqf rq sp, sp ufqofv …lq²¿t y]fl slJf jvf rsqsY. htf rsqsY, zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbslGw hAfij. dkdb sjfb
pfWqfv ufqofv …lq²¿t sKsj dHâ, snJfsb vmpfb mfn bf dhswN n©ialfqsj nsìfLb jsvbdb, hvQ dbslGwsj y]fl slJfv nfsK
wvDqkokHfsh iamfdBk, zfv bf pcdÙÁokHfsh. ˆƒ ubA kfslv …iv ‰ lfqhÝ jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA lcdbqfv sp sjfbW ufqofsk y]fl slJf sost
dbslGw jfpGjv rsh bf. kfv …iv zfmt jvf zfhwAj rsh. ksh wkG rt sn Jhv dbHGvspfoA
mfLAm äfvf si]ZYsk rsh.
rflDn sKsj ltDt …ÙÁ zfidÙv uhfh kfƒ slWqf rsqsY, pf iCshGfÙÁ zfidÙv uhfsh htf
(1) mrfbhD hstsYb, rsqsY. zfv kf ˆƒ sp, ˆ dbslGw snƒ njt stfsjslv ubA, pfvf
5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 - `ْ 5yE5 X4 Y2 4 5 / @Xx2 ‫ن‬4 6vE5 7<‫و‬4 / ]/ >@P
/ ‫;א‬79;7 ]/ 5 E5 €ً 5 4 5 /‫ون‬7 r4 - ‫و‬/ m• 4 ]- 7 F4 r@ ‫))א‬ ˆjƒ …lq²¿stv nDmfbfq hnhfn jsv. dj§Â pfvf …lq²¿stv nDmfbfv
hfƒsv, kfslv ubA ˆ jKf htf pfsh bf sp, kfvf iajk x fsKG zKhf
.((/ z- 5 z/ (144)
mfbokHfsh y]fl lwGb jsvsY.
ªmfn 29 vfskv rq. zkˆh y]fl bf slJf ipG§À skfmvf svfpf svsJf bf. (2) mrfbhD hstsYb,
zk}iv zfjfw smOtf Kfjst Èbdk 30 iCBG j'sv bfW.«(143)
‫و‬4 5 /‫ل‬5 F6 ْ ‫א א‬7‫و‬/ ]/ >@P
/ ‫;א‬79;7' @Xz7 5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 - Yْ ]7 ‫و‬4 5 /‫ل‬5 F6 ْ ‫א א‬7‫و‬/ ]/ >@P
/ / F4 r@ ‫;א א‬791 Z5 ]7 5J »
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } …ÙÁ rflDn ˆhQ kfvƒ zbcv™i zbAfbA rflDn
(pf iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY) kfsk zfïfrv vnCt iaKmk} svfpf W „lsj .« 5 @ - ْ ‫;א א‬2 - Yْ ]7
y]fl slJfv wkGfLDb jsvsYb. däkDqk} y]fl slJfv iamfB bf ifWqf sost ªy]fl bf slJf ipG§À zKhf oBbf (dÛw) iCvB bf jvf ipG§À skfmvf
30 dlb iCvB jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb. ˆƒ ubA sp ufqofq y]fl slJfv mfnsj zfsoHfso hvB jsvf bf. zk}iv y]fl bf slJf ipG§À zKhf oBbf

(141) mfumC… IfkfWqf zvfnfƒt, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 19/45

(142) zft-mcobD 4/329 (144) dh²Àfdvk ufbfv ubA slJcb } mfumC… IfkfWqf zvfnfƒt, ƒhsb …NfƒmDb
(143) hcJfvD 1907, mcndtm 1070bQ ƒhsb …mfv jkGj
x . 19/15-18
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 97 98 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
(dÛw) iCvB bf jvf ipG§À skfmvf svfpf vfsJf.« (145) rsk †Nfv nflf nckf (nflf svJf) ±ióv™si skfmfslv dbje iadkHfk bf
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfv ubA y]fl slJfv nfsK ˆ rq. zk}iv vfdÛ ipG§À svfpf iCBG jv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 187)
wkGW zfsY sp, vmpfb mfn iashw jvfv iCshG spb svfpf bf vfJf rq. sn nÙfƒ hstsYb,
klbcv™i „l jvfv ubA y]fl slJfv nfsK ˆ wkGW zfsY sp, vmpfb mfn Z ‫; א‬# (١٨٥) {7%4 7 / ْ E5 / F4 r@ ‫ א‬7XY2 "-9 / F6 / 8/ E5 }
ifv rsq pfq. ˆJb pdl …lq²¿stv dHâkfsj iaHfhwftD bf mfbf rq, pf ªskfmfslv msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb kfsk svfpf iftb jsv.«
ˆjde sHZsofdtj iajk x k¶ W zbfqfnshfLA dhNq, kfrst ˆƒ nmnAf slJf (hfj¶fvfr } 185) (146)
slsh sp, ixdKhDv djYc ˆtfjfsk vmpfb ðv¢ rWqfv zfsoƒ svfpf vfJf …ÙÁ ltDstv …iv ˆƒ zfidÙ skftf rsqsY sp, svfpf W „slv hAfifsv
rsh ˆhQ vmpfb icsvf rWqfv zfsoƒ „l jvf rsh. hAfij dbslGw rt, ªy]fl slsJ svfpf vfsJf, y]fl slsJ „l jv.« nckvfQ
pJb …©mskv ˆjde hAdÙÁ hf ˆjde ufmfzfskv y]fl slJfv Ist y]fl
pcdÙÁv ltDt } slJfv dhNq iamfdBk rt, kJb svfpf W „l Wqfsuh rWqfv jKfW
…lq²¿t-dHâkfv nmKGj …tfmfoB ˆjde pcdÙÁW siw jsvb sp, ˆ jKf iamfdBk rt. i[f§Àsv nCpG Ttf W zs²Àv hAfifvef zftflf. spsrkc
njstv dbje dhdlk sp, HCisx ôv iChG dlsj zhd²¿k ˆtfjfnmCsr idÇysm wvDqskv sjfb ±ió …dÙÁsk sjht kfv bfsm sjfb hAfij dbslGw lfqhÝ
zhd²¿k ˆtfjfnmCsrv zfso Iuv …lq rq. zKGf{, zfmfslv zfso iChG jvf rqdb. (147)
dlsjv slwÈdtsk zfso Iuv …lq rq, pJb zfmfslv dbje kJbW dj§Â …ÙÁ zfidÙv uhfsh htf rsqsY sp, djYc wvqD ±ió …dÙÁsk sjfb
vfdÛ zhdwó Kfsj. ˆjƒHfsh zfmfslv iChG dlsjv ˆtfjfq pJb nCpG Fcsh sjfb ƒhflksj nCspGv idvëmsBv nfsK nQpcÙÁ jvf rsqsY. spmb mrfb
pfq, kJb zfmfslv dbje dlsbv ˆjfQw zhdwó Kfsj. iChG dlsjv zfïfr hstsYb,
ˆtfjfq mcndtmslv ˆjde hV ufmfzfskv dbje Iuv …lq rWqfv
/‫` ن‬5 6 „
4 35 ْ ‫ א‬/‫(ن‬4 e2 @‫ن‬6B 6 „
4 35 ْ ‫ א‬/‫(ن‬4 e2 ‫و‬/ 6C4 I ‫ א‬6S/ x5 5 6B 6W4 r@ ‫ א‬-{;2 7 - 5 5 @ ‫ א‬6Xe- 5 }
Ist kfslv msLA svfpflfvslv ubA ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq pfq, kfrst dj
zfmfslv msLA pfvf svfpf vfJsh, kfslv ubAW ifbfrfv rfvfm rsq pfsh? ‫ א‬#…‫; א‬# (٧٨) {‫א‬b‫;د‬7Fr4 9/
ˆjƒHfsh pJb zfmfslv iChGhkGD ˆtfjfq nCpG Fcsh pfsh, kJb zfmfslv ªnCpG srst iVhfv iv rsk vfdÛv Ob zájfv ipG§À bfmfp jfsqm jv
ubAW ƒIkfv jvf ³hL rsh; pdlW zfmfslv ˆJfsb ˆJb zfnsvv nmq? ˆhQ (jfsqm jv) Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp); Iusvv j¶cvzfb (bfmfp)
dbdÇykHfsh …Ùv bf-nCyj rsh. y]fl nCspGvƒ mskf. sjbbf y]fl rt mfn- idvtd[k rq dhswNHfsh.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 78) (148)
jfstv dhhvB ˆhQ nCpG rt dlb-jfstv dhhvB. zfv sp nÙf hstsYb, …ÙÁ ltDstv …iv ˆjde zfidÙ ˆW …i²¿fib jvf rsqsY sp,
@Xz7 6 „
4 35 ْ ‫ א‬/89- -‫;د‬/ #4 5 ‫ א‬-- 4 Ž
/ ْ ‫ א‬/89- 7•/ +4 5 ‫ א‬-2 4 Ž
/ ْ ‫ א‬7XY2 5 /8@ />/G/ >@P
/ ْ‫;א‬7+/ 4 ‫א‬/‫;אْ و‬2 `2 ‫و‬/ } Wqfsuh rWqf ˆhQ Wqfsuh zflfq jvfv mfsU ifKGjA zfsY. Wqfsuh
Z ‫; א‬# (١٨٧) {6C4 I ‫ א‬5 6B /‫ م‬/ 1 ‫;אْ א‬H ]- 5 zflfq jvfv hAfifsv skf …lq²¿t W nmsqv ifKGjA zfsn, dj§Â Wqfsuh
rWqfv nmsq ifKGjA zfsn bf. spmb ucmzfv bfmfp ucmzfv dlsbƒ iVf
ªzfv skfmvf ifbfrfv jv; pk[B jfstf nckf (vfskv jfstf svJf)

(145 ) zfhC lf†l 2328, bfnf„ 2126, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 1911, 3/203 ùpfƒIf (146) mfumC… IfkfWqf, wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 19/48
jkGjx , ˆjƒ zsKG zfècïfr dhb zfêfsnv rflDn slJcb } zfhC lf†l 2329, bfnf„ (147) Ifkùt j¶flDv 2/312, kfbhDùt ofdIt 108ix}
2130, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 3/203 (148) mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/47
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 99 100 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
rq ˆhQ nfvf dhsw¶ ucmzfv dlsbƒ kf iVf rq. zhwA …lq-zs²Àv nmsq stfsjslvsj hfLA jvf rsh. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb.
ifKGsjAv jfvsB zflfq zfso-disY rsq Kfsj. dEj zbcv™iƒ svfpf nfvf
dhsw¶v njt mcntmfsbv …iv ˆjƒ dlsb Wqfsuh rq ˆhQ „slv dlb kxkDq mk }
njt mcntmfsbv ubA ˆjefƒ rq, dj§Â nCspGv idvëmsBv Ist ˆhQ pklCv sost bfmfp jnv jvf ³hL, kklCv ipG§À zdHâ-lwGb oBA rsh.
ˆtfjfv ifKGsjAv jfvsB iftsb zfof-diYf rq. (149) ˆ mskv ltDt ˆƒ sp, spsrkc wvDqsk sn lCvsk¶v sjfb nDmfhÝkf sbƒ
ˆƒ zfidÙv uhfsh htf rsqsY sp, zfnt nmnAfef Wqfsushv nmq sp lCvk¶ ipG§À y]fl slJfv Jhv mfbAkf ifsh ˆhQ pfv iv ifsh bf, ˆ
dbsqƒ. zKGf{, svfpf Wqfsuh snƒ nmsq rsh, sp nmq vmpfb mfsnv y]fl hAfifsv …lq²¿stv ifKGjA oBA jvf zfnst sufdkdhGl W idÓjf-
iajk
x fsKG hf mfbokHfsh slJfv jKf iamfdBk rsh zKhf wf'hfsbv oBbf Wqftfslv jKf smsb sbWqf, zKy kfslv jKf mfbA jvf wvDqsk dbdNÝ,
30 iCBG rsq pfsh. ˆƒHfsh „slv dlb snƒ dlb rsh, spdlb wWqfstv snsrkc bfmfp jnsvv lCvk¶ oBA jvf uv¢vD. sjbbf, wvDqk djYc
iaKm kfvDJ rsh. zkˆh pJb vmpfb mfn wvqDHfsh hf hf²Àsh iashwƒ ƒhflskv ubA jnsvv lCvk¶sj ndâshdwk jsvsY. spmb bfmfspv jnv
jvt bf, kJb Wqfsuh rWqfv nmsqv iaw´ƒ zfsn bf. zhwA sp ˆtfjfv ˆhQ svfpf jfpf jvfv zbcmdk ƒkAfdl. (151)
…lq²¿t zdHâ, sn ˆtfjfq Wqfsuh rWqf W Wqfsuh zflfq jvfv ˆ ltDstv …iv zfidÙ ˆƒ jvf rsqsY sp,
mfsU ifKGjA oarBspfoA rsk ifsv. iaKmk} wvDqsk jnsvv lCvk¶-nDmfW sh]sL slWqf rqdb. ˆƒ ubA
kfskW …tfmfosBv dhdHâ mkfmk zfsY. ˆmbdj djYc …tfmfv dbje 9
däkDq mk } mfƒt lCvsk¶ jnv jvf ufsqp. pfsrdvqf mprfsh dkb mfƒt lCvsk¶ jnv
sjfb ufqofv lwGb sjht snƒ ˆtfjfv nDmfbfv ubA mfbA rsh. pk jvf ufsqp. zKy ˆ jKf sj… htsk ifsv bf sp, 3 mfƒt hf 9 mfƒt
lCsvv ubA htf pfsh sp, pdl smO hf Lcstfhfdt ƒkAfdlv hfLf bf rskf, lCvsk¶ y]fl slJf oBA rsh bf.
kfrst snJfsbW y]fl zhwAƒ slJf spk. däkDqk} yf¦û-dkdK dhlAf W b[Û dhlAf lcde ixKj ixKj dhlAf. sp
zfmfv hcsU msb rq, ˆ mkdeW iCshGfÙÁ mkdev jfYfjfdY. zKGf{, b[Û dhlAfv jKf ðbsk W snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt jvsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY,
…lq²¿t-dHâkfv s[sÛ zdHâ lwGb mfbA bq. i[f§Àsv …lq²¿t zdHâ kf rsk zfLcdbj yf¦û-dkdK dhlAf ök§Ã. hvQ ˆ jKf htf pfq sp,
rst lwGb-zdHâkf mfbsk rsh. …Hq mkƒ ˆjƒ …sÜwA iajfw jsv. hkGmfsb …lq²¿t-dHâkf ˆjde sHZsofdtj iajk x k¶, pfv n©ijG sn
(152)
…Hsqv msLA sjht zdHhAdÙÁv kIf{. nýhk} ˆƒ ubAƒ zfïfmf nchjD lCvsk¶v nfsK sbƒ, pfsk bfmfp jnv jvf pfq. hvQ kfv n©ijG
(vfdrmfùïfr) ˆƒ mksj …Ùm hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. dkdb dtsJsYb, HCsoftsjv ûfdOmfsvJf W z[svJfv nfsK, pfv ndh²Àfv zfstfybf iCshG
. Q XF" <u 3T ; >G J + C` > ‫א‬ jvf rsqsY. sjbbf, zdLjfQw s[sÛ lcƒ wrsvv mfsU jnsvv lCvk¶
ªiaskAj wrsvv lwGb mfbA, spJfsb y]fl zlxwA Kfjfv LfvBf bf rq. ˆ Kfjsk ifsv, dj§Â …lq²¿t dHâ bfW rsk ifsv. spsrkc …Hq wrvƒ
vfq …Ùm.«(150) ˆjƒ ûfdOmfsvJfq zhd²¿k; spmb msõf W dvqfp. (153)
dj§Â iajfw Kfsj sp, ˆef ˆmb sjfb dhdLhAh²¿f bq, pfv zbcnvB jvsk
(151) zft-mfumC' 6/237, mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 3/52, zft-zftfmct
mfbwCv 28ix}
(149) kcvucmfb idÛjf 2q Jà, 40-41 nQJAf, 14ix} (152) mfumC…t IfkfWqf 35/104
(150) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 15ix} (153) mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/52-53
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 101 102 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
kxkDqk} sJfl wfsIqD …tfmfoB ˆ mksj lchGt hst zdHdrk jsvsYb. ˆ mskv nmKGjslv jfsY sjfb wvqD ltDt sbƒ. zhwA k]fvf hstb,
zfïfmf nchjD dtsJsYb, `y]fslv zdHâ-lwGsbv hAfifsv jnsvv lCvk¶sj ˆjub vfóºsbkfv wfnbfLDsb pk wrv W oafm Kfsj, kf wfnsjv dbje
dhshyA hfbfsbf lchGt mk.' (154) ˆjde wrsvv mskf. spsrkc kfv zfƒb nfvf vfsóº hrft rq. (158) ˆ
mkde ykcKG mskv jfYfjfdY. nýhk} snƒ ubƒ zfïfmf nchjD ˆde …sïJ
ykcKG mk } jsvbdb. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb.
ˆjde iaslw hf vfsuAv sp sjfb ufqofq y]fl slJf sost kf nfvf iaslw …ÙÁ pcdÙÁv dhv¢sÝW djYc zfidÙ zfsY }-
hf vfsuAv ubA psKó. iaKmk} …ÙÁ pcdÙÁv iÇyfsk sjfb wvqD ltDt sbƒ.
ˆ mskv ltDt ‰ rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv rflDn. däkDqk} rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn pJb rpvk jcvfƒshv
ltDt oarsBv iÝdk } spsrkc wfm ˆjde iaslw dYt ˆhQ drufp dYt Jhvsj vÜ jsvdYstb, kJb drufp wfmslswv sj¦ûDq nvjfsvv zLDb²¿
zbA iaslw. snsrkc rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn wfm iaslswv y]fl ˆjde iaslw dYt ˆhQ mcndtmslv vfóºsbkf zdHâ JtDIf dYstb rpvk
slJfsj mfbA jsvbdb. (155) mczfdhqf . dj§Â bf rpvk mczfdhqf sn hAfifsv drufphfnDslv
…ÙÁ ltDstv …iv zfidÙ zfbf rsqsY sp, …sÜswA sjfb dbslGw dtsJ ifdEsqdYstb, zfv bf rpvk ƒhsb zfêfn
iaKmk} dhshybfnfsi[ sp, iaslswv nDmfhÝkf jD? (156) ˆv ndEj wfsmv y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv jsvdYstb.
idvmfi dbBGq jvf lcv™r hAfifv. nckvfQ pk[B sjfb dudbsnv ndEj kxkDqk} iCBG ƒntfmD ƒdkrfsn ˆ jKfv sjfb iamfB ifWqf pfq bf sp,
dbBGq bf rq, kk[B kfsj sjfb dhLfsbv hcdbqfl hfbfsbf jDHfsh nýh? JctfIfsq vfswlDb zKhf ivhkGDv sjfb hflwf y]fslv hAfifsv
däkDqk} hkGmfsb ˆ jKf hf²Àhv™si iamfdBk sp, …lq²¿stv dHâkf hf stfsjslvsj dJtfIskv sj¦û wrv zKhf vfsóºv zbA sjfb wrsvv
zdHâkfv n©ijG iaslw hf vfsuAv nfsK zfslZ bq, hvQ kfv n©ijG zbcnfvD hfdbsqsYb.
HCsoftsjv ûfdOmf W z[svJfv nfsK. ykcKGk} ˆjƒ vfsóºv sHZsofdtj zfqkb dhwft rst …lq²¿t dHâ rsk
kxkDqk} zfècïfr dhb zfêfn pJb jcvfƒshv Jhv iakAfJAfb ifsv, spmb hf²Àsh kf ivDd[k.
jvstb, kJb ˆ jKf hstbdb sp, spsrkc wfm ˆjef iaslw ˆhQ drufp hkGmfsb n†lD zfvsh ˆ mskv …iv zfmt ytsY. ltDt drnfsh pdlW
zbA iaslw, snsrkc snJfbjfv lwGb oarBspfoA bq. ˆƒ jfvsBƒ zfïfmf ˆ mkde lchGt, khcW nfmfduj ‰jA iadkôfv ts[A ˆde nht. (159) ˆƒ
nchjD ˆƒ mksjW lchGt hstsYb. (157) ubA pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ ˆmb slsw hnhfn jsv, sp slsw ˆƒ mskv …iv
zfmt ufvD zfsY, kfrst kfv dhsvfdLkf jvf nÌk bq.
iÑm mk }
ˆjƒ vfóºsbkfv wfnbfLDsb hnhfnjfvD njt slwhfnDv ubA ˆj Nô mk }
ufqofv y]fl psKó rsh. bfmfspv nmq dHâ rst y]fslv Jhv oarBspfoA bq.
zKGf{, lcƒ wrsvv mfsU pdl ˆkef lCvk¶ Kfsj, pfsk ˆj wrsv
(154)zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 29ix}, zft-mfumC' 6/337
(155) ƒvwflc zfrdtt dmïfr 278ix}, mf'dvIfkc zfWj¶fdkt ƒhflfk 2/53
(156) mfumC…t IfkfWqf 35/104 (158) zft-jfID, ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG 1/235, k¶fvùk kfNvDh 4/116-117
(157) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 29ix} (159) zfwX-wfvùt mcmdk', ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 6/323
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 103 104 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
spfrsvv bfmfspv nmq rst zbA wrsv zfnv hf mfosvshv nmq rq, nýhk} …ÙÁ mkde wfqJct ƒntfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr)v
kfrst …Hq wrsvv mfsU y]fsl ifKGjA mfbsk rsh. (160) dbsm´fdïdJk …dÙÁv nfvnQs[i,
ˆ mk zfnst sjfb ök§Ã mk bq, hvQ …lq²¿stv ifKGsjAv Ist ;/ F7 E5 6‫ @ول‬5yْ ‫ א‬6‫;م‬4 / ْ ‫ א‬w-E 7<7 /T
/ X4 F7 =/ 2 4 G/ ‫ن‬4 5 78Y- 4 G7 9/ ;/ M7 ‫و‬/ U‡G6 e5 ‫ ٍن‬Y5 / +- /w-̃7 ‫ن‬4 B 7%@5 7%/4 5yْ ‫א‬
nDmfv dhhvB. zKGf{, pdl lcƒ wrsvv mfsU ˆkef lCvk¶ rq, pfsk ˆj
. X4 F7 =4 2 4G/ X4 5 ‫و‬/ X4 M- - 5 +/ w-E /w-̃7 ;4 5 / `5
wrsv ˆj bfmfspv nqm rt ˆhQ däkDq nmsq däkDq bfmfspv nmq rq,
kfrst sn s[sÛ …lq²¿t ifKGjA rsk ifsv, bsy{ bq. ˆvƒ jfYfjfdY zKGf{, ndEjkfv jfYfjfdY ˆƒ mk sp, pdl y]fl sjfb ˆmb dbjehkGD
Icj¶frfslv ˆjde mk ˆƒ sp, pdl lcƒ wrsvv mfsU ˆj mfn isKv lCvk¶ ufqofq slJf pfq, spJfb sKsj iaKm dlsbƒ stfsjslvsj Jhv si]ZYfsbf
Kfsj, kfrst …lq²¿t dHâ mfbf rsh, bsy{ bq. (161) nýh, kfrst snef ˆmb hAfifv, spmb kfslv ˆtfjfskƒ y]fl slJf sosY
…ÙÁ mskv dhv¢sÝ zfidÙ zfsn sp, iaKmk} ˆv nis[ sjfb ltDt zKy kfslv jfsY sn Jhv si]ZsYdb. (163)
sbƒ. …lq²¿stv dHâkfv n©ijG lCvsk¶v nfsK bq, hvQ HCsoftsjv …ÙÁ pcdÙÁv dhv¢sÝ zfidÙ zfsn sp,
ûfdOmf W z[svJfv nfsK. spmb `…lq²¿stv dHâkf' dwsvfbfsm ˆv iaKmk} ˆ rt snƒ nmqjfv jKf, sp nmsq Jhv iayfsvv mfLAm nfLfvB
dhwl dhhvB slWqf rsqsY. W öfHfdhj dYt ˆhQ hkGmfsbv mskf û¢kofmD ³hlcAdkb mfLAm dhlAmfb
dYt bf. ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ mk sjfb dhdLhAh²¿f rsk ifsv bf.
nåm mk } däkDqk} jcvzfb-rflDn W ntsI nfstrDbslv …dÙÁsk kfv
ˆjƒ vfsk Jhv si]ZYfsbf pfq ˆmb lCvsk¶ y]fslv Jhv mfbf pfsh. nis[ sjfb ltDt ifWqf pfq bf.
pdl sjfb ufqofq y]fl slJfv wvqD iamfB ifWqf pfq, kfrst snJfb kxkDqk} ƒdkrfn oas§¿ hf jfsvf uDhbD oas§¿ ˆ jKfv …sïJ ifWqf pfq
sKsj yfdvifsw vfkfvfdk pk lCsv kfv Jhv si]ZYfsbf nýh rq, kk lCsvv bf sp, mcndtm wfnjoB y]fl slJfv iv kfv Jhv yfdv dlsj siavB jsvsYb.
ubA sn Jhv oarBspfoA rsh, kfv hfƒsvv ˆtfjfv ubA bq. (162)
hfrAk} ˆ mskv …sÜwA ˆƒ hcUf pfq sp, spsrkc y]fl slJfv …iv dHdÙ
j'sv svfpf vfJf zKhf YfVf rq, snsrkc svfpfv nmq ðv¢ rWqfv zfso
zfso pk lCsv Jhv si]ZYsk ifsv, kk lCv ipG§À snƒ ˆtfjfq y]fslv Jhv
mfbA rsh. sjbbf, pdl svfpf ðv¢ jvfv zfso sn Jhv bf si]ZsY, kfrst
y]fslv sn Jhsv hf²Àdhj sjfb …ijfv rsh bf.

(160) nmnfmdqj jfstv zfïfmf zfhC nf„l wvIcÜDb mcrfdÜn slrthD (vfdrmfùïfr)
ˆhQ ifdj²Àfsbv iadnÝ idÛjf `zft-ƒdkn¶fm'-ˆv dhswN Iskfqfbdhw mWtfbf
nfbf…ïfr mflfbD ˆƒ Iskfqf dlsqsYb. (zft-ƒ'dkn¶fm 47 Jà, 3q nQJAf) iafyDb
sjfb sjfb Ij¶DrW ˆ jKf hstsYb. ksh stJfv nmq djkfshv bfm zfmfv ±mxdksk
sbƒ.
(161) zft-dmvzfk 6/436-437, kfbhDùt ofsIt 105ix})
(162) zfwX-wfvùt mcmdk', ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 6/323 (163) mfumC…t IfkfWqf 25/106
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 105 106 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
jKf (wvqD) ƒtXmD lcdbqfq jmGvk hAdÙÁhsoGv dbje zdhdlk bq. htf
ykcKG zLAfq hfùtA, ivhkGDjfstv nkAfbcnáfbD hù zfrst rflDn zfstm ˆjfdLj
ndEj mk ˆhQ stJsjv zdHmk dhNsq hdtô ltDstv dHdÙsk zdLjfQw …tfmfv dhsvfLD mk zhtìb
h[AmfB icd²Àjfq lcde dhNq dbsq dhswNHfsh zfstfybf W oshNBf jvf jsvsYb. spmb dkb kftfj, dhw vfjzfk kfvfhDr ƒkAfdl. zfmfv ˆ
rsqsY }- jKf stJfv …sÜwA zfslZ ˆƒ bq sp, nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mkfmksj
1. yf¦û mfdrbfv iamfB sufdkdhGlAf äfvf rsh, bfdj yf[cN lwGb äfvf? Èv¢k¶ dlƒ bf. hvQ ˆjub kfstsh ƒtXm rsq stJsjv zdHÎkf ˆƒ sp,
2. nfvf mcndtm dhsw¶v ubA zdHâ lwGb oBA, bfdj dHâ dHâ lwGb? nfLfvBk} nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mksj yAfstÓ jvf sjfb nru jfu bq.
iaKsmfÙÁ dhNsq jcvzfb-rflDsnv …Ýxdk W kfv hAfJAf-dhsw½NB ˆhQ spmb HfstfHfsh dy§Àf-oshNBf bf j'sv sYfe zfstm W kfstsh ƒtXmslv
…dïdJk …tfmfsq djvfsmv …dÙÁnmCsrv zfstfsj zdbhfpGv™si ˆ jKf ubA nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mksj yAfstÓ jvf …dyk bq. zhwA spJfsb
±ió rsqsY sp, yf¦û mfn iamfsBv ubA y]fl slJf pfWqf zKhf oBbf 30 ltDt dlhfstfsjv mskf ±ió, snJfsb nQJAfodvôkf bq, hvQ ltDstv
iCBG rWqf uv¢vD. zfu ipG§À oBAmfbA …tfmfsq djvfsmv ‰jmkA zfsY hdtôkf mfbA jvsk rsh.
sp, ˆ hAfifsv drnfh-dhlAf hf sufdkdhGlAfv …iv dbHGv jvf ³hL bq. däkDqk} hù nQJAj stJj pJb sjfb mfnzftfv hAfifsv hstb sp,
i[f§Àsv zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv ˆhQ k]fv nmKGjhxs¦lv ˆƒ zdHmk ˆef nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mk zKhf ˆ hAfifsv …tfmfoB ˆjmk, kJb
sp, hkGmfsb sufdkdhGlAfq dbHGv j'sv yf¦û mfnsj oarB jvf mcndtmslv zdLj nmq kfsk dbsuv vfsqv iadk iahBkf Kfsj. Ose ˆƒ sp, pJb
ubA Wqfsuh, kf ˆmb ˆjde zdHmk, pf k]fv iCshG äDsbv sjfb zfstm sjfb Ij¶Dr hf zfstm dbu kfrj¶Dj¶ W ƒtXsmv dHdÙsk sjfb
sifNB jsvbdb. zfv ndkA jKf ˆƒ sp, pdl zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v mfnzftfsj nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mk hst zdHdrk jsv zKhf kfsk
…dÙÁnmCrsj ncoHDv lxdóHdÌ äfvf dhyfv jvf rq, kfrst ±ió hcUf pfsh nhGhfdln©mdk (ƒumf) zfsY hst iajfw jsv, kJb iÇyflXhkGD …tfmfoB
sp, dkdb dbu …ÙÁ zdHmk sKsj v¢uc jsvsYb. dhbf kfrj¶Dj¶ W hfY-dhyfsv snƒ jKf hf …Ýxdkv …iv dbHGv j'sv hsn.
däkDq dhNsqv hAfifsv htf pfq sp, nfvf dhsw¶v ˆj ufqofq y]fl slsJ zKy kfrj¶Dsj¶v iv ufbf pfq sp, ˆJfsb rq `nQJAfodvô …tfmf' wè
njstv svfpf-„l rsh dj bf, ˆ hAfifsv …Hq is[v ltDt W pcdÙÁ kctbf iasqfo jvf Hct, bf rq yfv ƒmfsmv záfbcjvBjfvD nQJAfodvô Icj¶frf
W nmD[f j'sv slJfv iv ndEj mk ˆƒ iamfB rq sp, …lq²¿t zdHâ …sÜwA. (nQJAfodvô …tfmf hf nQJAfodvô mcrfdÜnDb bq.)
rWqfv wskG ˆj ufqofv slJf y]fsl svfpf-„l ytsh. dj§Â …lq²¿t dHâ rftdIt zfstfyA dhNqdev hAfifv slJcb, nfvf dhsw¶ ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf-
rWqfv s[sÛ dbu dbu ˆtfjfq y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l jvsk rsh. ˆƒ „l iftb jvfv nmKGjvf hV hdtô HdÌmfq hst Kfsjb hf dtsJ Kfsjb
mkdeƒ ltDt W pcdÙÁv zfstfsj wdÙÁwftD hst msb rq. sp, nQJAfodvô …tfmf hf nQJAfodvô Icj¶frf hf mcrfdÜnDb zdHâ-lwGsbv
stJsjv iVfswfbf zbcpfqD msb rq, ˆƒ mk zdLjfQw mcrfdÜnDb ˆhQ is[.(164) zKy ˆ mfnzftfq kfrj¶Dj¶D (nkAfbcndá{nf) lxdó slWqfv iv
Icj¶frfslv ˆjde hV ufmfzfskv. dj§Â spsrkc nfLfvBHfsh Icj¶frf W
zLcbf jfstv djYc oa§¿isa Bkf …ÙÁ mksj zdLjfQw …tfmfv dhsvfLD hst (164) ˆv ˆjde dbjehkGD …lfrvB dbb. dlïD sKsj iajfdwk kcvucmfb idÛjfv 22
Kfsjb, snsrkc ˆ hAfifsv djYc jKf dtdihÝ jvf ziafndÌj rsh bf. Jà, 40-41 nQJAf 13-14 ixôfq ˆjde iahá Yfif rsqsY, pfv dwsvfbfm dYt `ˆj
iaKmk} ˆ jKf uv¢vD bq sp, sp mk zdLjfQw …tfmfv rsh, sn mk slswv y¦û-lwGb'. (ivhkGDsk ufbf sot ubfh iahájfv ˆ hAfifsv ˆjde icd²ÀjfW
ndEjkfv shdw dbjehkGD W ltDt drnfsh shdw wdÙÁwftDW rsh. spmb ˆ vybf jsvsYb ˆhQ kfskW ˆjƒ jKf dtsJsYb.) ubfh iahájfv dbu iahsá ˆ
jKfv …iv sufv dlsqsYb sp, nQJAfodvô Icj¶frf W mcrfdÜnDsbv mk ˆefƒ. hvQ
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 107 108 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

zfsvf zoanv rsq ubfh stJj k]fv dhsvfLDslvsj `rEjfvD' hst zfJAfdqk jsvsYb. slJcb mcj¶fÜfmfr, Ifkùt zfïfm 1/8) slJst hcUf pfq sp, bhfh nfsrh zdHâ-
(tf rf…tf ztf j¶c…Wqfkf ƒïf dhïfr.) zKy ˆ iahá stJsjv dbuö kfrj¶Dj¶ bq. lwGsbv mkfhtìD bb. nckvfQ dkdb dtsJsYb,
(zfv lcHGfsoAv dhNq sp, djYc oa§¿-iasBkf W iahájfvslv dHksv ˆ svfo shsV 84 9- F/ +- 7C- >@G/ 9/ ‫و‬/ -€G/ u4 H ‫ א‬- 5 +/ 6CM4 5 7‫وم‬7q2 7 / eْ 5yْ ‫א‬/‫• و‬
• M- / C• -/‫ د‬M/ - P
/ 5 5 / /W4 5 ‫א •ل‬/;eْ 5 -€5 5y4 / ْ ‫ א‬w-E‫و‬/
ystsY.) zKhf dkdb ƒtXmD kfrj¶Dsj¶v rjƒ zflfq jsvbdb. dbsm´fdïdJk isq¦eÈdt
.... F/ >- 4 #/ 5 / w->I ‫ א‬-. F/ „
- ْ‫א‬
dbsq dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvst pfv zbcmfb jvf pfq.
1. dkdb dtsJsYb, ª…dïdJk iahsáv nmKGsb W ixôsifNjkfq dbsm´ …dïdJk …tfmf, zKGf{, mfnzftfq dhdHâ mkfmk vsqsY, pfv ˆjdev nis[W hdtô ltDt sbƒ.
Icj¶frf W mcrfdÜnDsbv vfq n©mcsJ zfsn. nQJAfodvô Icj¶frf W mcrfdÜnDb ˆƒ mk ndEjkfv dbjehkGD rt, sp slsw y]fl slJf pfsh, sn slw ˆhQ ˆjƒ dlsjv kfv
sifNB jsvsYb sp,----« tfoftfdo slswv stfsjslv ubA zfmt zfhwAj rsh. (Ifkùt zfïfm 2/690) (ˆƒ
ˆ …dÙÁ jD idvmfB nkAkfv …iv dHdÙwDt, kfv iajk x k¶ iCshG …sïJ jvf rsqsY. hfjAfhtDƒ vsqsY nfbzfbDv nchctcn nftfm 3/299 ˆ.---zbchflj)
2. stJj däkDq bfm drnfsh wfr zdt…ïfr mcrfdÜn slrthD (vfdrmfùïfr)v jKf 6. stJj Nô bfm zfïfmf zfthfbD (vfdrmfùïfr)v dbsqsYb. kfsk dkdb rsjv ifsw
…sïJ jsvsYb. nckvfQ `zft-mcnfWqf wfvùt mczÙ¶f'v rfWqftfq dtsJsYb, ªƒmfm zfsYb.
wfsIqD (vfdrmfùïfr) sjht y]fl slJf sosY ˆmb slw ˆhQ kfv dbjehkGD slwnmCsrv 7. stJj nåm bfm jfnDsmv zfïfmf wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb …NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùïfr)v
ubA lwGb oBA jsvsYb. dj§Â ƒmfm zfhC rfbDIf (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆj slswv y¦û dbsqsYb. pdl dkdb ˆef bf jvskb.
lwGbsj zbA njt slswv ubA oarBspfoA hstsYb.« …ÙÁ iahájfv dtsJsYb, n†lD zfvshv mcIkD wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb …NfƒmDb
ˆJb iaw´ ˆƒ sp, sjht lcde mk …Ýxk j'sv wfr nfsrshv mk jDHfsh susb sbWqf `mfufdtnc wfrdv vfmfp¶fb' zfvhD djkfh 14 ixôfq ˆjef Iskfqf dlsqsYb, pfv
rt? sjbbf, wfr nfsrshv stJfsk sjfb ˆjde mskv dlsj iahBkfv iadk sjfb zbchfl mcJkfnfv mfufdtnc vfmfp¶fsbv 12 ixôfq zfsY, `zbcv™i vmpfsbv y]fl slJf
ƒdÌk sbƒ. iamfB rWqfv isv …lq²¿stv oBAkf Kfjsh bf. spsrkc dhLfb y]fl slJfv …iv
3. stJj kxkDq bfm dbsqsYb ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr)v ˆhQ dbHGvwDt, …lq²¿t dHâkfv …iv bq. bhD hstsYb, ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf jv,
ltDtöv™i `mfumC…t IfkfWqf' sKsj ˆjde zdhwl …dÙÁ …Ýxk jsvsYb. zKy y]fl slsJ svfpf YfV.«
wfqJct ƒntfm …lq²¿t-dHâkf W kfv oBAkfv mk zhtìb jsvsYb. nckvfQ dkdb iahájfv ˆjƒ jKf dtsJsYb dbu icd²Àjf `mÄf mcjfvGfmf jD v¢qfk'-ˆW. zfv
`zft-ƒJdkqfvfkct dIj¶XdrqAfr' (106ix})sk dtsJsYb, lcHGfsoAv dhNq ˆƒ sp, snJfsb zfvhD hfjAfhtDW bjt j'sv dlsqsYb.
€ E r o' ‫; א‬M‫ و‬، E JB‫ א ;م و‬%9q ˆZ3]‫ن א‬vE ‫\א‬F+ €E ‫ א‬CM ‫ ق‬3] + m n ‫ א‬Ÿ >² stJsjv …ÙÁ hfjAfhtDsk ˆjfdLj nmfstfybf zfsY. dj§Â nQs[siv …sÜswA zbA
nh …si[f j'sv sjht zbchfslv Hcstv dlsj lxdó zfjNGB jvdY. nhfv zfso
. ³ ‡M\9 ’ ‫;ل‬e‫و‬ zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr)v hfjAfhtD ifEsjv nfmsb vfdJ.
zKGf{, suAfdkdhGlslv ‰jmskA …lq²¿t dHâ rsq Kfsj. …lq²¿t zdHâ rst svfpf zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ hfjX-Lfvfhfdrjkfq htsYb sp, vmpfb iashswv dhLfb
vfJf Wqfsuh rsh, bsy{ bf. wfsIqD mprfshv nhsysq ndEj mk ˆefƒ. zfv lcƒHfsh iamfdBk rsh, ˆj } y]fl slsJ. lcƒ } wf'hfsbv 30 dlb iCvB j'sv.
zfrmfslv mprfsh ˆjde mk ˆvƒ nmKGj. y]fl slJf, kf iamfB rWqfv wkGfhtD, y]fl lwGsjv lfdqk¶, nvjfsvv kvI sKsj y]fl
4. stJj ykcKG bfm dbsqsYb ƒmfm wfWjfbDv. zfv kfskW dkdb rsjv jfsY slJfv jKf sOfNBf rWqfv isv snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt Wqfsuh ƒkAfdlv dhhvB slWqfv
zfsYb. iv dtsJsYb,
5. stJj iÑm bfm bhfh dnÜDj rfnfb nfsrshv dbsqsYb. ˆsk lcde zfidÙ zfsY }- /SI /XI #/ ‫و‬/ -%4 5 / 7%I ‫ א‬I'
/ š" ‫ ؛ ن@ א‬Z ‫ ´" زل א‬5 4 - 5 E5 ً @ 4 ً ]; z Fr ‫ א‬7‫;ل‬T‫ د‬/ˆ z/ ‫ذא‬B‫و‬
iaKmk} `zfv-vf…p¶fkcb bfdlqAfr'-ˆv rfWqftfsk sp hfjAfhtD …Ýxk jvf rsqsY,
kf bhfh nfsrshv bq; hvQ ƒmfm wfWjfbDv hfjA, pfv hAfJAf bhfh nfsrh jsvsYb. <;7 >7G4 5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B‫;א و‬9;7 E /‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬7X>7G / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B» :/XI #/ ‫و‬/ -%4 5 / 7%I ‫ א‬I '
/ /‫ ل‬ZE ،-%-‫" ز‬/´ J 6‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬-€Gu + XْY ‫א‬
däkDqk} …ÙÁ djkfsh bhfh nfsrshv iahBkf hfrAk} zdHâ lwGsbv iadk msb rstW .% S3>9 ،«‫ وא‬n- Eْ yE
k]fv däkDq djkfh `Ifkùt zfïfm' (pf `zfv-vfWp¶fkcb bfdlqAfr'v isv stJf.
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 109 110 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
hcUf pfq sp, ˆ lfhD ndEj bq. iv§Â ˆ jKf htf ndEj sp, njt bf rstW rWqfv ltDt, kf sp sp mcrfdÜn öDq oas§¿ …sïJ jsvsYb, k]fslv njstƒ
zdLjfQw mcrfdÜnDb ˆ mfnzftfq ˆj ufqofq y]fl slJf sost nfvf dhsw¶ sn rflDnsj ˆ jKfv ltDtv™si …sïJ jsvsYb sp, ˆj ufqofv lwGb
svfpf-„l iftb jvfv dhis[. spmb rflDnoa§¿nmCsr syfJ hctfst sn jKf zbA ufqofv ubA oBA bq. …lfrvB öv™i }-
ufbf pfq. 1. ƒmfm zfhC zfècïfr mcrf©mfl dhb „nf dkvdmpD (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu
rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv rflDn, pf zdHâ-lwGb psKó bf ncbfsb hfh (idvs¤Yl)ˆv dwsvfbfm sh]sLsYb,
XF>Gu + CM CY Q 9 +
ªpJb (vmpfb) mfn iashw jvfv jKf wvqDHfsh iamfdBk rsh, kJb y¦û-js[v ªidvs¤Yl } iaskAj wrsvv stfj dbsuslv lwGsbv …iv dbHGv
sjfb jfpGjfdvkf Kfjsh bf. sjbbf, zfïfrv vnCt mfn iashswv dhLfbsj y]fl jvsh.« (165)
slJfv nfsK dhbA²À jsvsYb, y¦û-js[v nfsK bq. nckvfQ dkdb hstsYb, ªy]fl slJst …ÙÁ hfsh jcvfƒh jkGj x hdBGk ƒhsb zfêfsnv snƒ rflDn …sïJ
skfmvf svfpf jv ˆhQ y]fl slJst skfmvf svfpf YfV.« (hcJfvD-mcndtm, mfufdtnc jsvsYb, pf iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY. zk}iv ƒmfm dkvdmpD dtsJsYb,
wfrdv vfmfp¶fb 14ix})
zfmfv hcU msk zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ jKf snƒ stfsjslv iadkhfsl dtsJsYb, pfvf
" _G ‫\א א‬M C ‫ وא‬،‡G x o &' 8 P _G P ‫ س‬8+‫_ א‬G P
y]fl slJfv …iv dbHGv bf j'sv sufdkdhGlslv …iv dbHGv j'sv Kfsj. dj§Â sHsh .XF>Gu + CM CY ‫ ن‬X ‫ א‬CM
slJcb, iahájfv wfqJ (vfdrmfùïfr)v hÙÁshAv …sÜwAsjƒ zbA dlsj dIdvsq
dlsqsYb. nckvfQ dkdb wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùïfr)v `mfbfdptct j¶fmfv'
zKGf{, ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDn rfnfb nrDr ovDh. zfrst ƒtXsmv ˆ
(yf¦û-j[)v jfpGjfdvkf sbƒ---ˆv ufqofq iahájfv zbchfl jsvsYb, `mfk¶fdt…t rflDsnv …iv zfmt zfsY sp, iaskAj slwhfnDv ubA dbuö (y]fl) lwGb
j¶fmfv' (…lq²¿t)ˆv sjfb jfpGjfdvkf hf oBAkf sbƒ! (mfbA rsh). (166)
wfqJ ƒhsb …NfƒmDb dtsJsYb, 2. ncbfsb zfvhfzfr (yfv ncbfb oa§¿)ˆv zfsvf ˆj iasBkf ƒmfm zfhC
...-%-‫" ز‬/´ J 6‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬-€Gu + XْY ‫ א‬/SI zfècv vrmfb bfnf„ (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu djkfh zfnX-ncbfbct jchvf W
ªmfn iashswv dhLfbsj y]fl slJfv nfsK dhbA²À jsvsYb, y¦û-js[v nfsK bq.« zft-mcukfhf (zfnX-ncbfbcn n¶covf)sk ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv ubA hfh
dj§Â iahájfv ˆv zbchfl jsvsYb, ªdhLfb y]fl slJfv …iv dhbA²À, …lq²¿t- sh]sLsYb,
dHâkfv …iv bq.«
zKGf{, dkdb `mfbfdpt'-ˆv zbchfl jsvsYb `mfk¶fdt'---ˆef skf ˆjef Hct. spsrkc
€Gu ‫ ق ’ א‬E}‫ א‬CM >T‫ א‬+
j[ W …lq²¿t lcde zftflf dudbn. ªhfh } dlo§ÀhfnDslv y]fl slJfq dHâkf.« (167)
zfv däkDq Hct } dkdb …lq²¿stv nfsK `dHâkf' wè hfdVsq dlsqsYb, pfsk dbsuv 3. ncbfsb zfvhfzfr (yfv ncbfb oa§¿)ˆv kxkDq stJj ƒmfm zfhC
lfhD iamfB jvf pfq. lf†l (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv ubA hfh sh]sLsYb,
zbchfslv ˆ Hct iahájfsvv utdlhfduv jfvsB OsesY zKhf kf zbA jfsvf
zbchfslv …iv Hvnf jvfv idvBfm.
Hfhhfv dhNq sp, iahájfv dbsuv vfsqv nmKGsb nfk hAdÙÁsk¶v bfm …sïJ jsvsYb. (165) dkvdmpD 693bQ rflDn, djkfhcn n¶fWm 9bQ hfh
kfv msLA sjht lcƒ hAdÙÁsk¶v hAfifsv dkdb rsjv odàsk zfsYb. kfrst sjfb (166) ƒmfm dkvdmpDv ˆƒ …dÙÁ sKsj ufbf pfq sp, k]fv pco ipG§À ˆ hAfifsv zfrst
lc}nfrdnjkfv nfsK dkdb htsYb sp, ªjdkiq zfstm ˆ mfnzftfq rEjfdvkf ƒtXmslv mfsU sjfb mksHl dYt bf. zfv pdlW hf dYt, kfrst …sïJspfoA dYt bf.
ialwGb j'sv yeX j'sv hst slb----.« zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb.
.X p ‫> ن‬F+ ‫\א‬M O & # (167) bfnf„ jchvf 2/67, n¶covf 3/16, 5bQ hfh
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 111 112 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

(XY ‫ א‬E [ ) € + 8G T}‫ א‬C e + ’ ‫ ل‬¤‫[ א‬u ‫ذא‬B + XF>Gu + CY +

ªhfh } pJb sjfb slsw zbAslv ˆj vfdÛ iCshG y]fl slJf pfsh (kJb ªhfh } iaskAj slwhfnDv dbuö lwGb.« (172)
dhLfb jD?) (168) 8. ƒmfm mfuXlcl äDb ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr) öDq iadnÝ oa§¿
4. nrDr rflDnnmCrsj ˆjÛjfvD ˆjub iadnÝ ƒmfm mcrf©mfl dhb `mc§Àfj¶ft zfJhfv'-ˆ ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv ubA hfh sh]sLsYb,
ƒnrfj ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu nrDr oas§¿ hfh sh]sLsYb, ‫ א د א ;م؟‬€ Z+ ‫م‬q G CM + CM <( ‫ذא‬B ‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬+
€Gu J XF>Gu ‫ ن‬D9 ‫ ' م‬+ C` CM ‡Q‫ن א ;א‬ C ‫ א‬+ ªhfh } ˆj slswv stfj y]fl slJst hfjD slwÈdtv zdLhfnDv ubA
XMcx svfpf vfJf zfhwAj dj?« (173)
ªhfh } ˆ dhLfsbv ltDt sp, iaskAj slwhfnDv ubA dbuö y]fl slJfv 9. iaJAfk mcrfdÜn ƒmfm ƒhbct zfNDv (vfdrmfùïfr) dbu iadnÝ oa§¿
iv vmpfsbv svfpf Wqfsuh, zbA slwhfnDv y]fl slsJ bq.« `ufsm…t …nCt ID zfrflDdNv vfnCt'-ˆ ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv ubA
zk}iv zfstfyA ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb. (169) hfh sh]sLsYb,
5. rfsIp zfèct zfpDm mcbdpvD (vfdrmfùïfr) nQs[dik `nrDr €Gu ‫> א ’ א‬T‫ א‬+
mcndtm'-ˆ ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv ubA hfh sh]sLsYb, ªhfh } y]fl slJfq slswv dHâkf.« (174)
XF>Gu + CY + 10. nhswsN snƒ mcrfdÜn, p]fsj nhfv zfso …sïJ jvf …dyk dYt,
ªhfh } iaskAj slswv dbuö lwGb.« (170) ƒmfm hcJfvD, mcndtm iamcsJv W²Àfl ƒmfm zfhC hfjXv zfècïfr dhb zfhC
6. ƒmfm bfWqfhD (vfdrmfùïfr) nrDr mcndtsmv hAfJAf dtJsk dosq wfƒhfr öDq `zft-mcn¶fâfI dIt zfrflDdN zt-zfNfv' oas§¿ hfh
pJb kfv hfh iadkôf jvstb, kJb dkdbW …ÙÁ ƒhsb zfêfsnv rflDsnv sh]sLsYb,
ubA dwsvfbfm dlstb, ‫ ون‬T}‫ א‬% ‫ و‬G J‫ ل و‬¤‫ ون א‬G ‫;م‬Z ‫’ א‬
/ 7 +/ / - 7%7 Yْ P
7 7ˆ7d4 G/ 5J U 5 /+- /‫ل‬5 F6 ْ ‫א א‬7‫و‬5 / ‫א‬/‫ذ‬6B X4 F7 @5 ‫و‬/ X4 F7 >/G/ u4 7 U 5 +/ 1CY2 - @‫ن‬5 6‫ ن‬/ +/ + ªsn n©ialfsqv dhLfb, pfvf y]fl slsJ ˆhQ zsbAvf slsJ bf.«
zk}iv kfvƒ dbsy zfècïfr dhb nf„slv ˆjde zfNfv …sïJ jsvsYb
.X4 F7 "4 /
ˆƒ wsè,
ªhfh } iaskAj slwhfnDv dbuö lwGb rsh ˆhQ pJb stfsjvf ˆj slsw :› #‫ و‬X# Z ‫ ل א‬ZE ،<‫ و‬e < ># CM ‫ ن‬:‫ ;א‬e‫ ل و‬¤‫ א‬€Gu €"G + ‫ذ` وא‬
y]fl slJsh, kJb kfv dhLfb kfslv sKsj lCvhkGD slswv ubA iafmfBA rsh
bf---ˆv dhhvB.« (171)
7. ˆjfdLj oa§¿isa Bkf ƒmfm hcJfvDv hAfifsv hstsYb, dkdb k]fv nrDr ( 172 ) ƒmfm j¶cvk¶chD (mx} 471dr}) kfInDv j¶cvk¶chD 2/756, rfsIp nchjD (mx}
oas§¿ hfh sh]sLsYb, 756dr}) zft-zftfmct mfbwCv 28ix}, Ij¶Dr j¶fvfID (mx} 684dr}) zfpX-pfJDvfr
2/491, iajfw Kfsj sp, nrDr hcJfvDv hkGmfb jdisk …ÙÁ dwsvfbfsm sjfb hfh sbƒ.
(168) zfhC lf†l, zfhWqfhcn n¶fWm, 9bQ hfh ufdb bf, ˆef dhdHâ iadkdtdiv dHâkf, bfdj …ÙÁ ƒmfmosBv ëm. zfïfrƒ zdLj
(169) ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 3/305 ufsbb.
(170) nQs[dik nrDr mcndtm 156ix} , kfrj¶Dj zfthfbD (173) mc§Àfj¶ft zfJhfv 2/162
(171) nQs[dik nrDr mcndtm 156ix} , kfrj¶Dj zfthfbD (174) ufsm…t …nCt 6/325
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 113 114 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l

. ># CM ‫ " و‬9 icd²Àjf `dkhXqfbct zfdlïfr ID ƒNXhfdkt zfdrïfr' ifE jsvb. (176)
zKGf{, ˆjlf mlDbfq stfsjvf htfhdt jvsk tfot, zf²ÀfvfhfnDvf y]fl 1. rflDn W dIj¶srv iadnÝ ƒmfm rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG dbu iadnÝ
slsJsY. kf ðsb jfsnm (dhb mcrf©mfl) W nfstm (dhb zfècïfr) htstb, djkfh `zft-ƒd²Àpjfv'-ˆ dtsJsYb,
`zfmfslv nfsK zf²ÀfvfhfnDv nfK jD?'(175) O \`‫ ن و‬#‫ א‬T 89 W ` ‫ א אن‬89 T E €Gu ‫ ] א א‬J % ‫ ;א‬$ e
ˆ dYt rflDn oa§¿nmCsrv …iv syfJ-hctfsbf ˆjde ipGfstfybf. ˆv ، ‫ د א‬+ 89 < ne ˆ+ Z] 9‫ و‬c Y ‫א‬ ` ‫ ` ن‬9 JB %>Gu % + C`
sKsj zbcmfb jvf pfq sp, zfstfyA dhNsq mcrfdÜnDbslv vfq ˆsjhfsvƒ
.X ‫وא‬
±ió W idv°jfv sp, iaskAj ˆtfjfq dbu dbu drnfsh y]fl slJsk rsh
ˆhQ spJfsb y]fl rsh, snJfbjfv stfsjvf snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt jvsk hfLA zKGf{, …tfmfoB ˆ hAfifsv ˆjmk sp, lCv-lCvf§À wrv spmb …¦lctcn
rsh. i[f§Àsv zfmfv ±mvB sbƒ sp, sjfb mcrfdÜn ˆƒ hst hfshv sKsj Jcvfnfb, …Hsqv msLA lwGb oBA rsh bf. zbcv™iHfsh iaskAj
dwsvfbfm sh]sLsYb, wrsvv dbuö lwGb dHâ. ksh ˆjefƒ hV wrv zKhf mcndtmslv sp
ªhfh } ˆj ufqofv y]fl lwGb nfvf mcndtm-ufrfsbv ubA psKó.« slswv zÑtnmCr jfYfjfdY, kfslv lwGb zdHâ mfbf pfsh. zfv zfïfrƒ
ˆJfb sKsj ufbf pfq sp, ˆj ufqofq y]fl rst nfvf dhsw¶ svfpf-„l zdLj ufsbb. (177)
rsh---ˆ mk nQJAfodvô mcrfdÜnDb hf …tfmfv rsk ifsv bf. hvQ pdl zKy ˆƒ ƒmfm ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG (vfdrmfùïfr) dbsuv zbA djkfh
sjht ˆ jKf htf pfq sp, yfv mprfshv nQJAfodvô Icj¶frfslv mk ˆef, `zft-jfID ID dIj¶dr zfrdtt mflDbfr'sk dtsJsYb,
kfrst sn jKf sjfb iajfsv dhshybfspfoA rsk ifsv. Xz € ª e ‫ د‬Fr+ %>Gu ˆ> z ‫ و‬M ¬ €Gu + ‫ و‬€"G 9 ’ ‫ ل‬¤‫ א‬K ‫ذא‬B‫و‬
kxkDqk} zfujft sp zsKG zdHâ lwGbsj nQJAfodvô …tfmfv mk . n3 ‫ א‬X¤ q• ›‫ א ;م و‬XF9q 8G M ‫ د‬Fr+ XMcx ©B XF" O ‫ ذ‬CZ
hst iayfv jvf rs¤Y, kfW sHsh slJhfv dhNq. sjbbf, zfmfv ufbf msk
zKGf{, pJb sjfb wrv hf slsw stfsjvf ±ióHfsh y]fl slJsh zKhf kf
ˆƒ hAfij dbslGw, yfsr …lq²¿t dHâ srfj hf zdHâ, lCv srfj hf hù lCv,
slJfv jKf zjfeA nf[A äfvf iamfdBk rsh, zk}iv sn Jhv kfslv
iChG dlos§À srfj hf idÇym dlos§À iaskAj ufqofv ubA ˆj ufqofv slJf
dbje sKsj zbAslv dbje lcub nf[Dv mfLAsm iayfdvk rsh, sn s[sÛ
y]flsj psKó msb jvf ˆhQ kf dhbf wskG nQJAfodvô Icjf¶ rfv mk hst
kfslv ubA svfpf vfJf zfhwAj rsh ˆhQ kfslv ubA svfpf YfVf ³hL rsh
iayfv jvf sHsh slJhfv dhNq. jfvB hù Icj¶frf, p]fvf ˆ jKfv nmKGj hf
bf. (178)
pfslv iadk zdHâ lwGsbv vfq n©ixÙÁ jvf rq, k]fvf ˆ jKf ±ió jsvsYb
ˆklnsÙ¶W `ƒumf' (‰jmkA)ˆv lfhD jvf ˆ jKfv iamfB sp, djYc
sp, …ÙÁ zdHâkfv …sÜwA sn ˆtfjf bq, pf lCsv ˆhQ hù lCsv zhd²¿k.
…tfmf W Icj¶frf, p]fvf hstsYb, ˆj ufqofq slJf y]fl lCv W dbje
dbsm´ zfdm jdkiq mfstjD Icjf¶ rfv …dÙÁ …Ýxk jvh. p]fv dhwl
iaskAj ufqofv ubA psKó, k]fslv …sÜwA smfseƒ ˆ bq sp, snƒ lCvk¶
dhhvB iasqfub ˆhQ zbAfbA mprfshv Icjf¶ rfosBv zdHmk ufbsk yfb,
htsk …sÜwA ˆk lCv, pfv Ist y]fslv …lq²¿tƒ dHâ rsq pfq. hvQ
dkdb spb IfpDtfkcw wfqJ zfïfmf zfècïfr dhb ùmfƒl (vfdrmfùïfr)v
(176) zfïfmf (vfdrmfùïfr) …ÙÁ icd²Àjfq dhwl zfstfybfv nfsK ltDt W pcdÙÁv
dbjsN zdHâ lwGsbv jKf hfdkt iamfB jsvsYb.
(177) zft-ƒd²Àpjfv 10/30
(175) zft-mcn¶fâfI 2/329 (178) zft-jfID 2/334-335
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 115 116 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
kfsk sjht ˆkecjc zhjfw Kfsj sp, HCsoftsjv ˆjƒ ûfdOmfsvJfv ƒhbct mfsuwCsbv dhsvfdLkf vsqsY. zhwA (zsbj shdw) lCvhkGD wrv
msLA zhd²¿k lCv W dbjsev wrvhfnDslv ubA y]fslv iamfB oBA rsh. spmb …¦lctcn W drufspv ubA ˆ dhLfb jfpGjv rsh bf. ˆ hAfifsv njst
2. zbA ˆj mfstjD ƒmfm ƒhsb ucpfƒ jfthD (ÈvbfkD, soabAfFD) ˆjmk. (182)
dtsJsYb, ˆƒ swaBDv zfsvf …dÙÁ …Ýxk j'sv zfstfybfsj lDOG jvsk yfƒ bf.
8+J ً E T w E r ً e E‫ א אن و‬CM 89 XMcx XY ‫م א‬q + CM <( ‫ذא‬B hvQ sjht ˆ jKf ufdbsq slWqf …sÜwA sp, iChGhkGD Ij¶DroB pJb
hstsYb sp, ˆj ufqofv lwGb lCv W dbjehkGD iaskAj ufqofv ubA
. b $B ‫ وא „ ز‬W ` ‫م ’ א د א‬q G J‫ و‬،‫;ن‬rQ ‫א‬
psKó, kJb sn jKfv …sÜwA ˆk lCv bq sp, sn lCvsk¶v Ist y]fslv
zKGf{, pJb sjfb wrsvv stfj y]fl slsJ sbsh, kJb nm²À wrsvv …lq²¿t dHâ rsq pfsh. rflDn W dIj¶srv djkfhnmCr zLAqb j'sv
stfsjslv ubA dhLfb jfpGjv rsh. ˆ jKfq wfsIqDv nmKGb vsqsY, zfdm ˆ jKfƒ hcsUdY. ˆhfsv zfrst ƒtXm dhswNk} dIj¶r W …nCstv
ƒhbct mfsuwCsbv dhsvfdLkf vsqsY. zhwA (zsbj) lCvhkGD wrv spmb nfsK p]fvf n©ijG vfsJb, k]fslvsj ˆ hAfifsv msbfspfo slWqf …dyk sp,
…¦lctcn W drufspv ubA ˆ dhLfb jfpGjv rsh bf. ˆ hAfifsv njst ˆj ufqofq y]fl rst nh ufqofq svfpf-„l rWqfv s[sÛ Icj¶frfoB sp
ˆjmk. (179) `lCvhkGD W dbjehkGD' wè hAhrfv jsvsYb, sn hAfifsv zfmfv hcU jÜCv
3. kxkDq ˆjub mfstjD ƒmfm ƒhsb v¢wXl öDq `dhlfqfkct ndEj?
mcukfdrl' bfmj djkfsh dtsJsYb, zfmfv vfsqv hAfifsv zfdm rEjfvD bƒ. zfv bf zfmfv vfqƒ yCVf§À
.‫ وא „ ز‬W ` € ˜ " ‫ ’ א אن א‬O ‫ א ذ‬G J % ‫ ;א‬$ ‫و‬ Ifqnftf. ˆ jKfW ±ió jdv sp, iadnÝ mcrfdĶj¶ (nkAfbcnáfbD) zfstm
zKGf{, ˆ hAfifsv …tfmfoB ˆjmk sp, lCvhkGD wrsvv mfsU; spmb FÅv hjv dhb zfhC pfql (vfdrmfùïfr) y]fl slJfv hAfifsv lwGb-
…¦lctcn W drufspv mfsU …ÙÁ dhLfb iaspfuA rsh bf.(180) dHâkfsj nQJAfodvô …tfmf W dkb ƒmfsmv mprfh hst iamfB
4. zfsvf ˆjub mfstjD Ij¶Dr mcrf©mfl lcnCj¶D (mx} 1230dr}) öDjfv jsvsYb.(183) pf zfmfv vfqsj nmKGb jsv. zfv zfïfrƒ zdLj ufsbb.
jsvsYb sp, y]fl slJfv hAfifsv Icjf¶ rfoB hstsYb sp, sjfb ˆj ufqofv zbcv™i wfqJ mc²ÀfIf pfvj¶f pJb `mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD'sk
slJf y]fl lCv W dbjehkGD iaskAj ufqofv ubA psKó, skf ˆ jKfv 1406 druvDv zbcdôk ³hEsj zdHâ lwGbsj nQJAfodvô …tfmfv
…sÜwA zsbj lCsvv ufqof bq. (181) mprfh hst …sïJ jsvb, kJb ipGfstfybfq nHfv nHfidk wfqJ ƒhsb
5. zbcv™i `mf…nCzfkct dIj¶drt mfstjD'v stJj dtsJsYb, hfp (vfdrmfùïfr) iadkhfl j'sv hstdYstb,
8+J ً E T w E r ً e E‫ א אن و‬CM 89 XMcx XY ‫م א‬q + CM <( ‫ذא‬B [\ ‫; א‬M m n ‫> א‬T‫ ن א‬€Z Z ‫ א‬..€n + € & |;] €nZ µ r ‫ א‬€ DE G
. b $B ‫ وא „ ز‬W ` ‫ ًא‬Q ‫م א د א‬q G J‫ و‬،‫;ن‬rQ ‫א‬ 8+‫> ن א‬P ،q˜ •‫; א‬M d` ‫ א‬% [\ ‫ ن א‬:X> e X> D3] X> ‫ و‬، ;F •‫ א‬%
zKGf{, pJb sjfb wrsvv stfj y]fl slsJ sbsh, kJb nm²À wrsvv .m n ‫> א‬T‫א‬ ‫ ع‬$…‫ א‬YP ¯ ‫א‬
stfsjslv ubA dhLfb jfpGjv rsh. ˆ jKfq wfsIqDv nmKGb vsqsY, ªIpDtfkcw wfqJ! nfmfbA ˆjde isq¦e dbsq zfstfjifk jdv,
(179) zft-j¶fWqfbDbct dIj¶drqAfr 79ix}
(180) dhlfqfkct mcukfdrl 2/563 (182) mf…nfzfkct dIj¶drt mfstD 5/363
(181) rfdwqfkcl lcnCj¶D zftfw wfvdrt jfhDv 2/131 (183) dIj¶ùb bfWqfdpt 3/333
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 117 118 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
iajk
x ia²Àfsh …lq²¿t-dHâkfv mprfhƒ rt nQJAfodvô …tfmfv. dj§Â ˆjde `mfvIC' rflDn zfsY ˆhQ snde rfnfb rflDn, pfv äfvf ùÏk
zfidb htstb, `sp vfq nQJAfodvô …tfmfv kf ufsqp.' ˆmbdj ƒhsb jfsqm rq. ˆ mk ˆjub hV nfrfhD (ƒhsb zfêfn)ˆv, sjfb nfrfhD
zfèct hfvG …lq²¿t dHâkfv hAfifsv `ƒumf' bjt jsvsYb.« k]fv dhsvfLD bb. kfsh„bslv msLA Icj¶frfslv ˆjde ufmfzfskv mkW
wfqJ pfvj¶f htstb, `mrfwq! zfrmfslv mprfh rfbfIDslv mskfƒ. kfƒ. ˆ YfVf zfmfv dbje pcdÙÁW sn jKf iamfB jsv. sjbbf, sp dudbn
…lq²¿t-dHâkf dhshyA bq. ˆ hAfifsv ±ió …dÙÁ vsqsY.' stfsjslv jfsY kfslv slswv hfƒsv zlxwA, kfv …iv kfslvsj hfLA
nHfidk htstb, `zfmvf hdt, ƒmfm zfrmfslv mprfsh W zsbAv jvf pfq bf. pdl kf jvf rq, kfrst kfslv …iv nQjDBGkf zfbf
mprfsh zfsY, zfmvf hdt, zdLjfQswv …dÙÁ.' rsh.«(185)
wfqJ pfvj¶f htstb, wfqJct ƒntfm ƒmfm ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr (vfdrmfùïfr)W …ÙÁ mk
F3 T ; ‫ و‬p 9 9B [ + ‫ א‬Z ‫ " ن‬3YG % wG ،XYG XY ˆJdkqfv jsvsYb. spmb sn jKf k]fv oa§¿ `zft-ƒJdkqfvfkct
dIj¶drqAfr' sKsj hcUf pfq. (186)
. d` ‫א‬
ƒmfm JfÙ¶fhD (vfdrmfùïfr)W …ÙÁ mksj iafLfbA dlsqsYb. nckvfQ
ªzfibfslv vfq zfibfvf mfbcb. zfmfv vfq, zfdm lcƒ hV ƒmfsmv vfq dkdb dtsJsYb, ªbhD -ˆv dbslGw `pJb skfmvf y]fl slJsh---' ˆ
dbsq zfïfrv nsÌ nf[f{ jvh, pdlW nQJAfodvô …tfmf k]fslv dhLfsb dkdb svfpf Wqfsuh rWqfv ubA y]fl slJfsj srkc hf jfpGjfvB
dhsvfdLkf jsvb. ˆefƒ zfmfslv ubA psKó.« (184) hfdbsqsYb ˆhQ dkdb Wqfsuh jsvsYb sp, iaskAj n©ialfq dbu dbu
ˆƒ ubA pdl sjfb hAdÙÁ lwGb-zdHâkfv dhivDk ˆƒ hst sp, iCshG wrsvv y]fl slJf W nmqsj mfbA jsv. zbA wrsvv y]fl slJfsj bq.
…dïdJk …ÝxdknmCr sKsj ˆ jKf ±ió rq sp, iafyDb zfsq©mfsq jfvB ˆj slw zbA slw sKsj …¤ykf-dbyckfq dHâ rsq Kfsj. ˆƒ ubA
mcukfdrlDbslv ˆ hAfifsv `ƒumf' zfsY sp, …lq²¿t zdHâ rWqfv zsbj nmq ˆj wrsv y]fl slJf pfq ˆhQ zbA wrsv kf slJf pfq bf.
s[sÛ lwGb-zdHâkf mfbA rsh, kfrst sn zsbjefƒ rsjv nis[ rsh. kfƒ iaskAj ˆtfjfv dhLfb kfv ²¿fbDq HCJsà W slsw mfbA rsh,
smfejKf ˆƒ sp, …lq²¿t-dHâkfv dHdÙsk y]fl slJfv dhLfbW dHâ rsh. zbAslv bq.« (187)
ˆ icd²Àjf-vydqkfv mkW kfƒ. ƒmfm rfsIp ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG Hfvk-ifdj²Àfsbv nQJAfodvô zfrst rflDn …tfmfv mkW snefƒ. (188)
(vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ mkƒ ˆJdkqfv jsvsYb ˆhQ nfrfhfoB -ˆv iafq dhJAfk zfstm zfïfmf zfhC nf„l wvIcÜDb mcrfdÜn slrthD
`ƒumf' (‰jmkA) bjt jsvsYb. dkdb dtsJsYb, (vfdrmfùïfr) W rfsIp zfècïfr nfsrh mcrfdÜn svfiVD (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆ
%+ ‫م‬q ] 8 P _G P ;M‫; و‬E 9 ‫ א‬z % E ‫‡ ن‬M‫;ل א ول ذ‬Z ‫© א‬B ;+ ‫ ل‬e
FZE 89 €3˜ ª ‫;ل‬e‫ و‬€+ & ‫ א‬89 % Ÿ ¶ J c ` ‡P ' ‫;ل‬e ;M‫ و‬€„ ‫א‬
XF" x 9 X ‫;ن‬3 YG J ‫ " [ ن א " س‬% ‫ ل‬G p" ‫ن א‬B ‫\א‬M m9‫و‬ +>‫א‬ (185) zfkX-kfmrDl 14/357
(186) 29ix}, ˆJfb sKsj hcUf pfq sp, p]fvf zdHâ lwGsbv jKf wfqJct ƒntfsmv dlsj
....XF ‫ ق‬D O ‫;א ذ‬3 ` ; ‫ و‬XM + cx ’ n©ixÙÁ jsvsYb, k]fslv LfvBf ndEj bq.
ªzfhC …mfv hstb, zfdm iaKm mksj oarB jvdY. spsrkc sn hAfifsv (187) zf'tfmct rflDn wfvùt hcJfvD 2/943
(188) IfkfWqf nfbfƒqAfr 1/425, wfqJct rflDn mchfvjicvD (vfdrmfùïfr) zft-
dmvzfk (6/305-306 icvfkb nQõvB)ˆ ˆhQ vmpfb dhNqj icd²Àjfv 8-9ixôfq
(184) mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf 2q nQJAF, 2q Jà, 992ix} …ÙÁ mksjƒ iafLfbA dlsqsYb.
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 119 120 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
hAfifsv ixKj iahá vybf jsvsYb. (189) .S E;> ‫ وא و© א‬€ ‫ א د‬+ ً $ . €G‫ א ;د‬€ + ‫ א‬€Y ‫’ א‬
ubfh bhfh dnÜDj rfnfb Jfb (vfdrmfùïfr) `hctCÈt mfvfm'ˆv zKGf{, ˆƒ (dbu dbu slsw y]fl slsJ svfpf „l jvfv) zdHmk hdtô
hAfJAfic²Àj `IfkXùt zfïfm'-ˆ …ÙÁ mksjƒ ˆJdkqfv jsvsYb. (190) rWqfv …ipcÙÁ. ltDtnmCsrv mfsU nm¦hq nfLsbv ts[A n…lD zfvshv
n†lD zfvshv mrfmfbA …tfmfosBv ²¿fqD Iskfqf jdmdeW …ÙÁ mksj …¤y il²¿ …tfmf jdmdev nlnAoB …ÙÁ zdHmksj iafLfbA dlsqsYb.
ndEj hstsYb. (191) zfv zfïfrƒ kfWIDsjv zdLjfvD. (195)
mÄfv `vfdhk¶fkct zftfdmt ƒntfmD'v zLDsb jmGvk jdmde zdHâ-lwGsbv nmKGsb spJfsb ˆ jKfv …iv sufv slWqf rq sp,
`mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD' …ÙÁ vfsqv nmKGsb dnÝf§À iajfw nQJAfodvô Icj¶frf W mcrfdÜnDbslv vfq ˆefƒ, snJfsb ˆƒ pcdÙÁsjW hV
jsvsY.(192) …¤Y¶dnk rsq …i²¿fib jvf rsq Kfsj sp, „lct dIkXv, „lct zfprf W
hvQ n†lD zfvshv nQJAfodvô Icjf¶ rf W …tfmf …ÙÁ mk zhtìb svfpf ƒkAfdlsk mcndtmslv ‰jA-hásb …ijfv nfLb rsh ˆhQ
jsvsYb ˆhQ dbu dbu Iskfqfsk …ÙÁ mksjƒ ndhwl dhhxk jsvsYb. mcndtmslv nQrdk iadkôf tfH jvsh. zbAKf ˆ jKf hVƒ dhshj-
dhswN j'sv wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb …NfƒmDb (vfdrmfùïfr) ˆjfdLj hdrHCGk sp, ˆjƒ jstmf-ifEj mcntmfb dbsuslv hfdNGj ift-ifhGsB
Iskfqfsk …ÙÁ dhNqdesj ltDt-nr hqfb jsvsYb. (193) dYâ-dHâ idvlxó rsh. sj… hxr±idkhfv „l iftb jvsY, zfhfv sj…
sJfl mrfmfbA (n…lD zfvshv iaLfb mcIkD) zfïfmf ƒhsb hfp kfv zfso hcLhfv „l j'sv dbsqsY, zfhfv sj… ðÛÁhfv iftb jvsh.
(vfdrmfùïfr)W ˆ mkdesj ltDstv dlj sKsj hdtô hst öDjfv zfv ˆƒHfsh mcntmfb dhufdkv lxdósk rfnAf±il rsh ƒkAfdl ƒkAfdl.
jsvsYb.(194) zKy k]fv mk W Iskfqf rt, zdHâ lwGb oBA rsh. ˆde ˆmb ˆj pcdÙÁ, spefsj zfïfmf zfrmfl wfsjv (vfdrmfùïfr)
nckvfQ dkdb ˆj Iskfqfsk rpvk zfècïfr dhb zfêfn -ˆv rflDn zsbj iayfv jsvsYb ˆhQ dkdb YfVf zbAfbA p]fvfƒ ˆ dhNq …Úfib
bjt jvfv iv dtsJsYb, jsvsYb, k]fvfƒ kf siw jsvsYb. (196)
‫ ` א‬€0 M W · D %+ ‫;ل‬Z ‫ א‬K e‫ و‬، ;Z ‫ א‬89 %pP % ‫;ل‬e ‫\א‬M‫و‬ …ÙÁ mrfwqosBv zfsho W zbcHCdk jlvspfoA. dj§Â hf²Àh ˆƒ sp,
iaKmk} zdHâ lwGsbv s[sÛ sjfbHfshƒ sn zfshomdKk zfwf iCvB
(189) slJcb } IfkfWqf nfbfƒqAfr 1/659, IfkfWqf zfrdtt rflDn 3/309 rsh bf. yfsr lcdbqfv sp sjfb ufqofsj y]fl lwGsbv dhswN sj¦û smsb
( 190 ) IfkXùt zfïfm 2/690, hctCÈt mfvfsmv hAfJAfkf zfmDv ƒqfmfbD sbWqf srfj zKhf hAfij sYsV slWqf srfj. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr
(vfdrmfùïfr)W `nchctcn nftfm' (2/310)ˆ …ÙÁ vfqsj ndEj hstsYb. dlhfvfdÛv zfomb-ia²¿fsbv ˆmb djYc wx£Jtf svsJsYb sp, jdKk ‰jA
(191) zfhrfNc rfƒzfdk djhfdvt …tfmf 3/29, IfkfWqf wfqJ ƒhsb hfp 15/74
( 192 ) mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf 2q nQJAf, 2/925, zfsvf slJcb } nýhƒ bq. spmb ˆv djYc …lfrvB iCshG …dïdJk rsqsY. ˆJfsb zfsvf
j¶fvfvfkct mfumfƒt dIj¶drt ƒntfmD 82-83ix} ˆjde …lfrvB iadBLfbspfoA.
(193) slJcb } IfkfWqf zvfnfƒt wfqJ zfècv vfpXpfj zfIDID 423ix}, zft-mc§Àfj¶f dhdlk sp, dIdu äDsi pJb njft rq, kJb tàsb snƒ nmq nCpG zs²À
dmb IfkfWqfw wfqJ zft-IfWpfb 3/123-125, IfkfWqf vfmfpfb 106-107ix}, pfWqfv ia²Âdk sbq. zfv dIdusk ˆƒ njft snƒ njft rq, sp njft
IfkfWqf ƒhsb …NfƒmDb 19/44-62 tàsb ˆJbW 12 O¦ef hf kfvW djYc isv …dlk rsh. ˆƒ zh²¿fq pdl
(194) ˆ jKf ˆƒ ubA htf rs¤Y sp, stfsjvf pJb ˆ mfnzftf dbsq htfhdt hf
stJfstdJ jsv, kJb …dïdJk hAdÙÁhsoGv bfm---dhswN j'sv ƒhsb hfspv bfm---hV
sufvlfv HdÌmfq dbsq Kfsj. (dj§Â zfmvf hvfhv slsJ zfndY, zbA slswv y]fslv (195) IfkfWqf ƒhsb hfp 15/84
dHdÙsk n…lD zfvsh svfpf-„l rq bf.---zbchflj) (196) slJcb } mfumf…t dIj¶drt ƒntfmD idÛjf 2q nQJAf, 2q Jà
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 121 122 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
tàsb svfpf hf „slv y]fl slJf pfq, kfrst dIduhfnDslv dhLfb jD rsh? jsvdYstb. nhswsN dkdb `„l W ufkDq ‰jA' dwsvfbfsm dtsJdYstb,
pdl kfslvsj svfpf vfJfv dbslGw slWqf rq, kfrst kfvf Iuv …lq …bdÛw vmpfb svdFWv Jhsv ufbf sot sp, Tfjfq y]fl slJf pfqdb. dj§Â
rWqfv zfso svfpfv dbqk jsvdb. hvQ spsrkc kfslv WJfsb ˆJb iChG ifdj²Àfsbv jdmwbfv nfsrh snJfsbW „l sOfNBf jsvsYb. dj§Â ufbf
wf'hfsbv 28 hf 29 kfvDJ rsh, snsrkc vfsÛ svfpfv dbqk jvfv iaw´ƒ sbƒ, sjb jvstb?
…sE bf. zk}iv kfslvsj pdl svfpf vfJfv dbslGw bf slWqf rq, kfrst smfejKf …lq²¿stv dHâkf ˆjde iajk x k¶. sjht „lsjƒ
ˆjƒ dlsb svfpf vfJfv nmnAfv nmfLfb tfH rq bf. ˆvƒ …iv „lsj ufkDq ‰sjAv ltDt msb jvf iajk x k¶ W hf²Àhkfv iadkjCt. pdl Tfjfq
zbcmfb j'sv dbb. zbcv™i pdl ˆjƒ lCvk¶ iCshGv dlsj zfsvf hfdVsq „l vdhhfsv rskf, kfrst kfsk ufdkv sjfb [dk rskf bf. sHZsofdtj
slWqf rq, kfrst svfpf W „slv msLA ˆjkfv nmnAf zfsvf jdEb idvlxó zdHÎslvsjƒ duÎfnf jv¢b, pdl Tfjfv …lq²¿t idÇym ifdj²Àfb sKsj
rsh. ˆƒ ubA rj ˆefƒ sp, y]fl slJfv dHdÙsk mcntmfbslv svfpf W dHâ rq, kfrst kfslvsj „l iftsb hfLA sjb jvf rsh? jdmwbfv
„sl ˆjkfv nmnAf ðLc jdEbƒ bq, hvQ znýh. nckvfQ ÎfbDslv sHsh nfsrh rfufv-rfufv svfpf HfÌfv zKhf vfJfv sofbfr dbsuv OfsV sjb
slJfv lvjfv zfsY. sbshb? ˆ jfu bf wvqDHfsh ndEj, bf pcdÙÁokHfsh. HCsoftdhlXoB ˆ
däkDqk} wvDqskv dhLfsb idvhkGb nfLb j'sv zKhf kfv hAfifsv Iskfqf dlsk ifvshb. mcntmfb zft-rfmlc dtïfr nfvf dhsw¶ YdVsq
…lfvi§¿f zhtìb jsv ‰jA iadkôf rq bf. hvQ mfbcsNv slr-mb W zfsY. kfslv njstv ubA ˆjƒ dlsb „l iftb jvf nýhƒ bq. zfv bf
nmfsu ƒntfmD zfƒb-jfbcb iadkôf jvfv msLA ƒntfmD ‰sjAv dbÇyqkf kfsk ‰jA wvqDHfsh iafKGbDq. drufp, dmnv W wfmslsw „l ucmzfv
zfsY. pdl snefƒ zhkGmfb Kfsj, kfrst svfpf, „l W jcvhfbD ƒkAfdlsk dlsb rst ufkDq ‰sjA sjfb [dk zfnsh bf. Tfjfq y]fl bf slJfv Ist
ˆjkf iadkôf j'sv mcndtmslv iajk x wdÙÁ hrft rsk ifsv bf. pdl „l vdhhfv rq, kfrst kfsk ufkDq ‰sjA jD ˆmb [dk nfdLk
(…©mk jk wk dhNsq wkLfdhd¤Yâ. zfjDlf, ƒhflk, zfyvsB jk rsh? hvQ ufkDq ‰jA zfsY ˆ jKfq sp, ufdk wvDqskv dbslGw W vDdk-
Hfsh dHâ dHâ. ufkDqkfhfl, dIjGf, lt W mprfhD sjf¦lst ‰jArfvf, bDdk ndEjHfsh iftb jv¢j. lCvldwGkfv idvyq ˆƒ sp, pJb ˆk lCsvv
z§ÀäGs¦ä iv±iv wÛ¢. kfv …iv svfpf-„slv dhkdjGk ‰sjAv iasti ˆtfjfq y]fl slJf pfqdb, kJb hAfifvefsj ö-zh²¿fq sYsV slWqf srfj.
dlsq sn wk Ifestv …iv dlj yfif dlsq jD tfH rsh?) mDmfQdnk mfnfsqstv dhivDk uboBsj djYc htf iawfnsbv odvmfv lfhD
zkDskv zbdk lCsvv ƒdkrfn sKsj ufbf pfq sp, svfpf W „lsj ˆj zfslZ bq. (197)
dlsb iftb jvfv mfLAsm …©mskv mfsU ‰jA iadkôfjvsBv zfWqfu
bkcb bq. nckvfQ zfu sKsj iafq 50 hYv iCshG ifdj²Àfsb ˆƒ lfhDv
zfWqfu …sEdYt sp, iChG ifdj²Àfb (hkGmfsb hfQtfslw) W idÇym
ifdj²Àfsbv svfpf W „slv msLA ‰jA Kfjf …dyk. ˆjhfv ˆmb rt sp,
iChG ifdj²Àfsb y]fl slJfv nf[A bf ifWqf nsÙ¶W sufv j'sv „l iftb
jvf rt ˆhQ uboBsj htiChGj svfpf YfVsk hfLA jvf rt. ˆƒ Oebfv
iv mWtfbf ƒnmf„t nfsrh ÈuvfbWqftf (vfdrmfùïfr) `zft-
ƒ'dkn¶fm' idÛjfv 7ƒ ˆdiat 1967 dJa±efsèv nQJAfq ˆjde iahá
dtsJdYstb, pfsk dkdb hkGmfb sia[fise y]fl slJfv hAfifsv zfstfybf
(197) IfkfWqf nftfdIqAfr 58ix}
 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l 123 124 y]fl slsJ svfpf-„l
sndlsjƒ dIdvsq slh, spdlsj sn dIsv spsk yfq ˆhQ ufrfâfsm kfsj lÊ
jvh. zfv kf jk m¦l zfhfn!« (dbnf } 115)
nmfdå W djYc zfshlb 5. sp jqub Icj¶frf sKsj ˆv dhivDk jKf hdBGk zfsY, k]fslv
.. ‫ א‬X>] %> "+ [\ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ hAfifsv htf pfq sp,
mrfb zfïfrv zbcosa r y]fl slJf W zdHâ lwGb dhNqj oshNBfLmGD iaKmk} k]fslv zdLjfQswv iadk sn mskv n©ijG sufVf pfq bf.
zfstfybf nmfå rt. dhNsqv nfsK n©ixÙÁ zfqfk W rflDnnmCr zLAqb däkDqk} k]fvf ˆjde nDdmk odàv dHksv JsoftdhlAfv …iv dbHGv
ˆhQ zfrst ƒtXsmv …dÙÁnmCsrv nìt nfsK ˆk tìf nIv zdkÛÁm jvf ³hL hstsYb.
jvfv iv icd²Àjf-vydqkf sp idvBfsm si]ZsYsY, kfv kxkDqk} k]fslv ˆ zfmt vfnCtcïfr -ˆv ªskfmvf y]fl slsJ svfpf
nfvnQsi[ dbm´v™i }- jv, y]fl slsJ svfpf YfsVf, skfmfslv zfjfsw smO Kfjst oBbf iCvB
1. mcndtmslv ubA Wqfsuh, dbsuslv äDbD W lcdbqfhDv njt s[sÛ j'sv bfW«---ˆƒ hfBDv dhv¢ÝfyvB.
wvqD (druvD) mfn hAhrfv jvsk pk´hfb rWqf. spsrkc ˆ mfn mrfb naóf ykcKGk} nfrfhfsq sjvfm , kfsh„sb ˆpfm ˆhQ k]fslv ivhkGD
jkxGj dbLGfdvk. zfv snefsj dkdb `nvt dhLfb' hst zfJAfdqk jsvsYb. k]fslv zbcnfvD ƒmfmosBv ‰jmkA k]fslv dhis[ ltDt.
2. mrfb zfïfr y]fl-lwGbsj wvqD mfnnmCr ufbfv ˆjmfÛ …ifq 6. JsoftdhlAf W suAfdkdhGlAfv hAfifv ˆJbW ipG§À LfvBfv odàsk
dbLGfvB jsvsYb. zfïfrv vnCt dbu jKf W jfsuv mfLAsm kfv Èv¢k¶ nDmfhÝ ˆhQ dhdHâHfsh kf wvDqskv dbslGswv nfsK nfQOdNGj. ˆƒ ubA
hBGbf jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA mcndtmslv …dyk, zfmHfsh nfvf hYv ˆhQ kf oarBspfoA bq.
dhswNHfsh wf'hfb, vmpfb, pctrÏ ƒkAfdl mfn iamfsBv ubA y]fl 7. y]fslv …lq²¿t-dHâkf sjht sHZsofdtj hf²Àhkfƒ bq, hvQ nclPx
slJsk pk´hfb rq. ˆmbdj nQJAfodvô Icjf¶ rf ˆefsj `Ivsp djIfqfr' wvDqskv …tfmfoB ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, …lq²¿t-dHâkf ˆjde
hstsYb. zbfqfnshfLA dhNq. (öfHfdhj zdHÎkfq ufbf pfq.)
3. wvqD mfnnmCsrv ðv¢ W swN dbLGfvsBv hAfifsv suAfdkdhGlAf W dkdK 8. zhwA …tfmfosBv ˆ dhNsq mksHl zfsY sp, …lq²¿t-dHâkf
drnfshv …iv Hvnf ³hL rsh bf. zhwA zfLcdbj sejsbfstfdu W svfpf W „l iftb jvfv ubA iaHfhwDt zKhf kf ˆjef sHZsofdtj hf²Àh
JsoftdhlAfv dhswNÎslv nfrfpA sbWqf spsk ifsv. dj§Â sn nhsj dHdÙ rWqf nsÙ¶W mcndtmslv ƒhflskv …iv sjfb iaHfhwDt bq. zbA jKfq,
hfbfsbf pfsh bf. …lq²¿t-dHâkf nsÙ¶W ƒntfmD dhsw¶v ubA sjfb ˆj ufqofv lwGb psKó
4. ˆef ˆmb ˆjef mfnzftf, pfv …iv …©mskv …tfmfoB ˆjmk; zKhf iaskAj wrv W slwhfnDvf dbu dbu ˆtfjfv lwGb oBA jvsk hfLA.
pfv dhsvfdLkf ³hL bq. spsrkc …©mskv ƒumf'v dhsvfdLkfjfvDslv 9. …ÙÁ mksHslv dhwl dhhvsB bfbf mcdbv bfbf mk W k]fslv dbu
dhv¢sÝ ltDt mrfb zfïfrv ˆƒ hfBD, dbu ltDt zfsY, pf icd²Àjfv mCtfQsw …dïdJk rsqsY.
9/ -%£ ;/ 7 / "- 9- «4 7 ْ ‫ א‬6C - #/ / 4 x5 m4 - >@G/ ‫و‬/ K/ F7 ْ ‫ א‬7%5 /8@ /]/ 9/ - 4 +/ 8-9 /‫;ل‬7#@ ‫ א‬6Se- r/ G7 8/9‫و‬/ } 10. ˆ hAfifsv lcde vfq zdLj wasÝq W oarBspfoA }-
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/ -%-4 7‫و‬/ I ;/ ]/ (j) lcdbqfv sjfb ufqofq pdl y]fl slJfv jKf iamfdBk rq, kfrst
dhsw¶v njt mcndtmsj snƒ dHdÙsk zfmt jvf …dyk.
ªsp hAdÙÁ kfv dbje n{iK iajfw rWqfv iv vnCstv dhv¢ÝfyvB (J) …lq²¿t zdHâ rWqfv s[sÛ zdHâ-lwGb oBA rsh ˆhQ sp
jvsh ˆhQ dhÇhfnDslv iK dHâ zbA iK zbcnvB jvsh, kfsj zfdm ˆtfjfv …lq²¿t dHâ, sn ˆtfjfv lwGbW dHâ rsh.
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zhdwó zbAfbA vfqnmCr …ÙÁ …Hq vfsqv dHksv dhbA²À zKhf kfv W ixdKhDv nxubjkGf! sr lxwA W zlxswAv idvÎfkf! kcdm skfmfv hf¦lfslv
nis[ sjfb hdtô ltDt sbƒ. mfsU mDmfQnf jv, sp dhNsq Wvf mksHl jsv. sp dhNsq mksHl jvf rsqsY
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