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Unit 1.2

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time, with the SI unit of ms-2. Deceleration, or negative acceleration, occurs when an object slows down, also measured in ms-2. The document includes examples and calculations related to acceleration and deceleration, as well as the interpretation of velocity-time graphs.

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3 views6 pages

Unit 1.2

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time, with the SI unit of ms-2. Deceleration, or negative acceleration, occurs when an object slows down, also measured in ms-2. The document includes examples and calculations related to acceleration and deceleration, as well as the interpretation of velocity-time graphs.

Uploaded by

suslord19219017
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CHAPTER 2

Handout:
ACCELERATION
Acceleration of an object is defined as the rate of change of velocity per unit time.
SI unit of acceleration is ms-2

Where, change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity


=v–u

velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s) and time in seconds (s)

a = v-u
t

 If the velocity of an object increases, the object is undergoing acceleration. Hence, if the
velocity of an object decreases,
it is undergoing deceleration.

 If the velocity of the object is constant, the acceleration is zero.

DECELERATION
Deceleration can be defined as the rate at which a moving object slows down, per unit time.

Deceleration also is known as negative acceleration. Hence it is denoted by – a.

SI unit of deceleration is ms-2

Where, change in velocity = final velocity – initial velocity


=v–u

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a = v-u
t

When in calculation the value of acceleration will be negative here but in the final answer, the
value of deceleration will itself be a positive number.

Examples:

 A bus starts from rest and achieves a velocity of 20m/s in 10 seconds while moving to
the right. Calculate its acceleration.

Ans:

Given,
initial velocity, u = 0 m/s
final velocity, v = 20m/s
time, t = 10s

a = v-u
t
a = 20-0
10
a = 2m/s2

The acceleration of the bus is 2 m/s2 to the right.

 A car travelling westwards at 30 ms−1 suddenly comes to a halt in 5 s. Find its


deceleration.

Ans:

Given,
initial velocity, u = 30 m/s
final velocity, v = 0m/s
time, t = 5s

a = v-u
t
a = 0 - 30
5
a = -6 m/s2

The deceleration of the car is -6 m/s2

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VELOCITY - TIME GRAPH

• The gradient of a distance-time graph gives you speed/ velocity.


• The gradient of a velocity-time graph gives you acceleration.
• The area under the velocity-time graph will give you the displacement travelled by the
said body.

Calculating Area under the graph

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Distance travelled = 1/2bh + lw
or,
Distance travelled = area of trapezium

SOLVED PROBLEM:
Question 01:

From the figure given of a travelling vehicle,

a) Explain what is happening between:


i. t= 0 and t = 2s. ii. t = 2 and t = 5s. iii. t = 5 and t = 8s.
b) Calculate:
i. acceleration of the vehicle ii. the deceleration iii. total distance travelled

Solution 01:

a) i. Between t= 0 and t = 2s, the vehicle is moving with constant acceleration.


ii. Between t = 2 and t = 5s, the vehicle is travelling at uniform velocity 3 m/s.
iii. Between t = 5 and t = 8s, the vehicle is undergoing deceleration.

b) i.

a = (v-u)/t

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(3-0) m/s
=
2s

= 1.5 m/s2

The acceleration of the vehicle is 1.5 m/s2

b) ii. a = (v-u)/t

(0-3) m/s
a=
3s

a = -1 m/s2

The deceleration of the vehicle is 1 m/s2

iii. Total distance travelled = Area under the graph = Area of the trapezium
= ½ x sum of parallel sides x height
= ½ x [8+(5-2)] x 3 m
= ½ x 11 x 3 m
= 16.5 m
The total distance travelled is 16.5 m.

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