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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant

The document discusses the processes of sexual reproduction in plants, focusing on the formation of male and female gametes through meiosis and mitosis. It details the structures involved, such as the anther, stigma, and ovule, and describes the development of pollen grains and embryo sacs. Additionally, it covers the viability of pollen and the mechanisms of pollination and fertilization in angiosperms.

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ashishananddr12345
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83 views32 pages

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant

The document discusses the processes of sexual reproduction in plants, focusing on the formation of male and female gametes through meiosis and mitosis. It details the structures involved, such as the anther, stigma, and ovule, and describes the development of pollen grains and embryo sacs. Additionally, it covers the viability of pollen and the mechanisms of pollination and fertilization in angiosperms.

Uploaded by

ashishananddr12345
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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(Ges ) ; = Sexual Rubwduchion is called Amphinuxis See Such supoducHon, Hwo Hype of gorse See ab ee oH to form a diploid orructwe Fe ee kicin Embryo and finally que rise fo He a a Male gamete x | Female gamete () Wo Nyy thors in) Zygote Gn) Embryo 1 Org anism For Hw sexual >@pscoduction o Wig shecidlized srructue ae found in He Anposponm Hat is He Power: 4 According bo Professor Gotha Power isa Modified shoot. 7 Sralk of He Power is called Pedide + Its leuuinal swollen or dome shdped part is called thalanws having 4 nods I* node — calyx j Accessory “elo OF poskicibake In a pele =» Cxroila ste>toclu chic d = i : ort node Anibecesion | fecenHial WA Hci peuke i w nods — Cyynoecium ~poxticibale .in Hepaseoduch oh. Aniivoecium 4 TENS te, male ‘relptoduchve part [unit= stormon] No. ond ‘lang My oh Hw ctamen is ni variable A speicot Sa have Hoo put VE filament , Rnthers, 2 Bilebed Fo anther toad * Dithecous - Two Heca inone lobe = Tehashorangiale$ y sporangia “OR Hybical Qniw1 in didueaus and telracporangiale Psroximal end of He filament is eftton attech with Hdlanus ot peal ~ Atlachonent blu pilawent and anttay \s called connective. made J “bet vascular tHcsw. ~ Texnminal and most impovtent part of stamen is called COIs! that is bilobe: d in which Miotospere or pollen grain are formed - Anthwt lobe n Terminal oan Anther Co Mect imbortant a “Pollen grain Fi lament Connective Cvacculan Hisur) Petal — =< Proximal park “Thala PS of Anther tt Epidermis ~*Outenmost single eyed frtecive) HP Endo thecium ! "Erol He epideuuis made up of elengated cell > Thiclenin’ X- Collu{ase is found = Ak some oie Huse Hhickning is Absent, Mese cell axe called vow eee ewe yy stondam Help in dehiscence #: Middle layer = Blw endoltucdum and Fapetum « 3 One Kb Howe jayer, poser cy maou ood matesial rm Store sumed during ~ First layer fo be com + Tapetum A Inner mosh aye = Also called nudvitive layer airs poumary fundion is fo ping spore cow uninucleate and diploid, after some 4 Epihaly ire spore ! cae Hay became mull nucleake ond polyploid [pue nuclear division and endomytosis} (LL J epidermis Tiong ved Piioective Endothedum development provide nubsiHon bo me cavely- Dehiscence Middle layer short lived 7 NubriHive > Polyploid 2 spovogenous MulHnucleated | Hssue, Tapetum ws Meiosis ~ MMC“ Micro spore / Pollen sy lan 4 pn grain Function of Tapetum “Provide nutrition to tee. dudlobing miotes bose * “Sentinal and secrehon of Enzyme, pollen Kit and sporopollenia | 4 Formation of Ubisch body ya : Ubisch Boby om Hee cytoplasm of tapelum cell proubisch body ane formed inet transfer into He tod © t Miotwwspore ©. Mictospere Tetrahedntal Isobilaleral BQ eg Dicot G eq ‘ Monecot uste. Ty eypraceae ' 4 feriily onty one miotospore stemain Junctional Steucture of Pollen Grain Pollen grain y Uni cellulast | sphwtical Watt ([12S-S° 4m < + Rich in. nubien Shosodesm ; ‘ _ ohatien rablet | S Pollan cysuap Exine : | Intine outer 9 Tnnnen — Thick ond Rigid = Thin and elas ~ Sporopollenin — Pecto cetlulose —™ Ommomenrat \ F ' 4 § 2 Tai colpDte [Dicor} Germ 7 Colbale alec rae ( Rte, Pore \ om Ktonocet) 4 y Y Pasate Totine €xine EXPN Cytoplasm TAR some axtea of ' pollen grain exine is either absent or found as a thin layer, such ata Orv called pore. TMwtough wich intine csmws out as a pollen Fube dusting get nakon . > No- and shape of geun por is highly vastiable that is, impovtant MWe Fexonomi. 1 4, Pre pollination ination i qemanal i 4) Tasi ; ons fbi _a Nota situ -Tnviteo — b} Exsitu- Invitro ef Ensibu-Thvive 4Y Excitu- Irvivo Micro ametogenesis| Develop ment of Male Gametophyte ~ Formation St mate gamete bhyte pesm Hu motos pore is callel micto gamabo genaris . i ~ Mictospore | pollen ytain is Ho first cell of male gowetebhyyte / wn Pollen grain soprwsent male gomeophyte- ; Poe~ Pollination Gesminaton ~ This geuminalion takes place in He skamen /anthot- Hus it Is He insibu and invivo« “TH divide by mitosis dule to which foo Unequal sige of nucleus Be is formed, in which large ond Hregulan vureleus is called Bu tubs | vegetalve nuclws whowox small niuclus is called a Quiwialive vuelous. . @. = Nou ciproplasm get dabodke arvrund Hus muLotons Huw po $- unequal sized cell ara form. | Lasigex ene Is called vegetative | ube cell rich in ruth ent = PY wore “s lotwwas smaller one is calle: enerative cell: ~ Now qanmative cel) beesrme shindle snajo tar pleat prsedy in cytoplasn of tube cell. ~ W's wo cell stage is call Si for the formation i which one wolos) place. ed Maku Polen grain of angiospeum < and ono milo takes, reg] Tube nucleus Veg] Tube y er Micrespsre / pelien grain Deen stage “Pollination ~ 2 celled eho (6o-41-J 7 Indivect e 7 SHg makic 7 Entomophillows. [Nosy } Post Pollination Cewmination 7 This geunination Falws place on He sHgma past Hhus it is Excitu-and Tnvivo' i ~ On du sHgma pork pollen grain absorb moishuw due to its Volume inouases and tnHne cemes out as a pollen Hube oe Vegetative mucltuus enter in He pollen tube that contol its Growlh. * Spindle cell also enters. thepollen Kube Mak divide by mitosis and form Ho on = motile male gametes “This Howe celled ghuclww Tepusent uly davelsped male gortopryte of Angiocpeun thalls highly seduced, bebaly depend on Spo sophyte ! _- Meiosis and 2 Nilosig fakes place for He fosmahon of male Qo-malobhuste - . 7 Male game @ z veg) nucle} L I i k K Mature Pollen grain Cell a Meiosis L | Mitosis 1 Q, How many meiosis cow’ equired for He bermation of, 100 microspore - 4 meiosis — 4 Miowwspore 4 miowspor e — 4 meiosis 10008 cn we meiosis Gy How! many meiosis Oe required for Ht fé7iiaHon of 100 miote- opore in Cyprous 1 meiosis: > 4 mivtochore 100 mivtsbore — 100 matiosic. GPO PP POOHHHGHVAAAAAS &,, How many meiosis BU 2uquived for Hat formation of, 200 mate gamete in angiosper - 4 mivrospove’ — 2 male gamele . | 200 male gamete — 100 mictospore 100 mictocpore —* 122 =25 meiosis ¥# Laxgest pollen: mivabilis t= Smallest pollen: MyosoHc Ht Longest pollen: Zostera Intequmented megasporcngia - 7 Main body of Wu ovule is called MULL, Mot is mulHcellu- lar ond Parenchymatous ‘that shore food . — Nucellus is surrounded by protechve covering called inlequiwent On Ha basis of no - of mlegumenrt ovule are of, many Hype. 79 Bi Feamic [Mostly angiosbomt) Unikegrwio ‘Couymmospermr) Megmie [SataLum’] ~ Part of He nucellus where integument is alse nt called mi ow - : pyle: and just opposite end of, mioropyle is called Chalaza tat is base of ovule; 1 Stalk of ovale is called Funicle Mat absorb jood material frum placenta’ and avall it Fe te daveloping ovale. + Hilum is He junction blu funicle ancl’ Body ot ovule. ~Incde te nucellus a ¥-celled-¢- nu Is found called embryo sac] 9 gomelophyte- “ ~ S-cell axe located at chalagal end called antipodal cell while S- Cell aw’ located at niotpitar ehd in which the middle Large cell called egg celt- ‘while ‘hwo ‘side smal cel} called eynergids. : > wsgest Cell of embryosac is called central cell Matis Mabiovdecndmwinwcladed it reel are called polar rudei enalaza Basal part alas pa @ qamerapnyie/Enioye sac ae Ankipodal Antegum ent Mutticellular Races ren shored food Polar nudié 'Eqqicell \ ' us aynergids =44 shhovate filiform’ apparatus ! Megasbovogenesis ~foxraton of megaspor © pum nagaspore mol cell Hewugh { Meiosig: | > Dusting Huis’ pouocess one cell of Hw nuéellus di}potonate { from stesh of Hao, cell du Fo ite large nuclei and danse i cyHplasm called meqasbore mother cell undsrgo meiosis ‘ hwo foxm peur hapbid matga.spore arrange in a Imean & aliguument - ' | . re i 7 Our of these hour Hastea nuycito py lar mega spore degenerate 7 Andonly one vemain fencHonal- [chalagal end] that.is Called furcHonal megacpore - myotopylax end Pade Nucellus ua! fo ex > Begenesa- R Meiosis I — Hn aaa ee ©) —_. => megaspore : @©-Funcionas Tetrad hala aspore Megaspere in} ; Megacpore uw) cal ta} cit Lineest tetrad Megametogenesis | Develepment of Femae “Developmant of female Qarmelophyre ptom punehional magastore is calle Pregagcumebogenasis ~ female ome phe oF, Qngiosperm is also called embryo ac ~ Suon type 4 embujo sac is called Polygonum hybe of embryo sac. Fixet of ckudied Strosbuiget in Polygonum gt icea \yleicar Hype ob, embryo sac. because it is found in most ol Hae Ongiospeun + ~ Such Hype of embryo sac is called mmosbostic elnbryo ac bocauce it dew fom uninuelooute meqasbore. ~ female gamelophujte of angiospoun is made wb of 7 -col Mat is Wighly Haduced and forally depend upon Amiphiiyopous Capea 4 “bstlination a e\ pollen grain puushrlanthi fo ate pollen grain pom anHion to sHgma. of He flower —Ieis 4 Howe Hype a Ll Autegamy > Gueitonogamy Xenoganuy | Mogan *oiMhin, Hawer) = blu power ofa > blw plant oF plant Same Species CEggievicaty FancHonally Sel Cross Cross G Heal Gear cally Sef Cross “Bisexual Flower | Monoedus Flower Dioecius ' Flower Adaptation. for Autogamy 1-Monocliny [Bisexuality] ~Flowes snould be bisexual 2. Homogamy Both Hyp® oh sex organ should be mahi at He sare Hme eqs Pea 3-Bud Pollination ~ Before opening a) Ha flower pollenoHon have been Completed - eg: Wheat and Rice 4 Cleistogamy “Flowes Hat never oben in Huly lie 1 thay always show aubogomy. Merit Doesn't sequire Seed re Demerit ony pollinating agent TmaHon ensure “Gene pool semcin constant. Viola note: Ci i is ‘ommelina Cleiskogamous [never open in life] Oxalis chagmoganous [eben in ite] Adaptation Fox Cross Pollination [Device of out breeding] 1. Dicliny [Unicexuality] 7 Flower os unisexua] + On Hw basis of wunusexual flower plant ate of fw hype fs Moncecious plant ~ Male and ale Hower Axe +n On same plant Dioecious plant 4 Male and ale flower anton different plant- Prevent auto cur but fof puwent auegamny os sal nok geltonog auwy ; as paragon ea Castes, euwervud}l< Papaya dake palm 2 Dichagamy ~ When male and female sex organ maitre ab cifexant Hme. . -—___, Protaundry : Prokogyny * When antune of He _ 7? When tha sHgma of o ower maou earlier flower mah earlier Man stigma , / Man anthwis. &' Salvia 1 iS t Ficus ° 3- Chasmo j]amny ~ Flower Hot open _ Opening nq of power i 1S called quihesiis. 4. Helerosty| Nength of filament and ‘style au differant. acm 5. Self sleviliby {Seip Tncom palibility ~ Pollen grain ofa plant are wrable bo geuminate on He ( sHqyna of Haat plant ushose genee usnstitukion ‘is sindlay ie pet OL seep! SORT hei? | AOEY aed 6699 |, WSS | | ©® ©a)' fos) (©® | Agent of Pollination. Biotic Abiotic L Insect Small 5 light weigh eq Vallisnoria Horesence- Pollen grain ave move tm no. + Stamen SHeky [tg winged feathery a Single ovule in x2 ovary Hydvophily ~ Pollinalton by waler © Yeu ware limited bo Ho So genera_of monocok ~ AL aquatic plant do not chow Rydotopphily Aquatic = floating Suto merged 7 Ebi dpleus [pehostia hiv aie Nymphaea Trseck Hydbua Fresh water Hycbtephilous Zockta 4 Matin e coaken # Vallisnaria’ , — Dioecious — Supmer > €fi Wydowprilly. o Flower pedicle [stalk]~ —~ > pedical of femaletower is hi esiled Hus funale , {lower seamain inside water bur as soon An female wer malo He pedical aresil dus te 2 flower coma out on Hw gunface of waler- — Male wex aw small and packed into Ha inblotesene AS soon as Hoy make, Hay qet poly “peat and comesiin Contact wilt female fewer: ‘ a Only pollinaHen is ebinydoophillous all ota sremaining Process take place instda wakr nol’ Pollen grain ave susurounded by Ho rueslogenovs sheahh - / Entomophifous Pollination by in sect — Mosk osmnum > 80: by noney bee C Adaptation Flower: Largevand. highy attractve wee - 1 small tan clustexect in in fvescence 7 Colour fut ta ate i eu 4 Nechor f = Odoust c Good Fragrance | ae “Bad ~ Foil ‘ flies ’ Beek.) | Red colour Sunflower Most-altractive colour ~Yellow— Mari gold % Night Flower Fons coloust Hi Fragnenki + foot % Pollen qrain + Sticky due to pollen kit + Stigma: May be SH Cy oF fon skeley: Floxal Reward > Pollen and ‘nector Hogan 4 Landing Platform for egg ont ey Yucca Ich cathe bb's Werei itch” Amorphi hophallus Ulongest Power - “ Six felt fall Wifeaigas i Succa i 1 bye ™ Pollinated by Moth ~ Pronuba Yucca Sella 7 White Coloun flower 7 Hi scented ad Night powering * SHqma - tilobed ovary ~0 voy lange say seed Norn 76 Flower > Potten = Pollen ball fas doo} \ 2 Flowex . _ Pollen /Nector Robbery insect consume pollen or nector “biHwut bringin pollination my : P ' eee ot] + Orchid Sprays is pollinated by wasp Ucoipa awa) by means of pseud - cobulation The Appearance and odowt 44 Hee Hower i's like female i wasp [Minwery] ## Raftlesia ~In ate pollinakion is brag about by = Largest ~ Rotten ven Uke odowty) .) i ~ Seed -disportcal ky elephant - thank Points ae mn pollingled by wind ov insect (Hal by insect ~ Rose iS pollinated bay insect = Banana is pollinated ny bat ov bird stigma a | 7 Santalum pollinated by snake | "Fertiligation | evtilis He It | ~ Fusion { male ond fermale gamete to form’ a difloid ' Shu chow Syqore: | Fevtilisation — takes, Place In, Ha following Step: | & Post pollinaHon germination of pollen sain fakes place in Hut stigma part wheve it form a pollen Habe . : No Monosiprous mb ¢ Many? Polysi phous Growth \ , Apical Pollen Hibe (14 Controttedt by veg. nici : f Lan Male: gamete Novement Veg nutes ; [[Chaemotre phic Yolo gd Ca-B - Tnosito! Sugar Complex Requive 4 B 2 cq, Ovary High Huraidi Temp =20-30' Hydeoly tie enzyme y Enh Fa PeeRTRISe iG RE TSUULe v T vi Rrogamy Chatazog army Mesogamy 0 6

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