Spot Speed Studies- conducted to estimate the distribution of speeds of Crashes or Accidents- occurence involing one or more transpo

transpo vehicles in a
vehicles. collision results in a propert damages,injury, or death.
Average Speed- arithmetic mean of all observed vehicle speeds Accident- random event that occurs for no apparent reason other that “it
Median Speed- the speed at the middle value in a series of spot needs just happened”
Modal Speed- speed value that occurs most frequently Factors involved in transpo crashes
ith-percentile Spot speed- the spot speed value below which i percent of 1.Driver or Operator Action
the vehicles travel 2. The Vehicle Condition
Pace- range of speed usally taken at 10-mi/h intervals 3. The Roadway Condition
Standard Deviation of Speeds- measure of the spread of the individual 4. The Environment
speeds. Safe Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act; A legacy for
Road Detectors- used to collect data on speeds at the same time as volume users (SAFETEA-LU) 2005 –requires that each state develope a Strategic
data are being collected. Highway Safety Plan(SHSP)
1.Pneumatic Road Tubes Highway Safety Improvement Plan(HSIP)
2. Induction Loops –detector of a resonant circuit. 1)planning
Radar-based traffic sensors *collecting and maintaining data
Electronic-Principle Detectors- *identifying hazardous locations and elements
Peak Hour Volume- the maximum number of vehicles that pass a point on a *conducting engineering studies
highway during a period of 60 *establisihing project priorities
Vehicle miles of travel- use mainly in a basic for allocating resources 2) implementation
Travel Time- determines the amount of time require to travel from one 3) evaluation
point to another on a givent route. Storage and Retrieval Crash Data
Travel time- time taken by a vehicle t otraverse a given section of a *Manual Filing
highway. *Computer
Running time- time a vehicle actually in motion Fatality Analysis Reporting System(FARS)
Delay- time lost by a vehicle due to a causes beyond the control of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System(NEISS)
driver. Cunsumer Product Safety Commission(CPSC)
Operational delay- delay cause by the impedance of other traffic. Motor Carrier Management Information System(MCMIS)
Stopped-time delay- delay during which the vehicle at rest. Company Safety Profile(CSP)-contains information on several aspects of the
Travel-time delay- difference between the actual travel time and the travel carrier’s safety performance.
time that will be obtained. Collision Diagrams- present pictorial information on individual crashes at a
Methods used to conduct travel time and delay studies a)Using Test Vehicle location
b) not requiring a test vehicle Rate per Million of Entering Vehicles(RMEVs)
Floating-Car Technique- the test car is driven by an observer along the test Rate per 100m Vehicle-Miles (RMVM)
section that the test car “floats” wth the traffic. Crash Patterns
Average-Speed Technique- driving the test car along the length of the test 1) expected value analysis –identify locations with abnormal crash char.
section at a speed. 2) cluster analysis- identif a particular char from a the crash data obtained
Moving-Vehicle Technique- observer makes a round trip on a test section at a site.
Types of Parking Studies 1) On-Street Parking- located along the curb STATISTICAL COMPARISON
streets 2) Off-Street Parking- located in private or public lots and garages. 1. T-Test- speed limit on a section of rural highway has been reducted
Space Hour- unit of parking;use of a single parking space for a period of 1 2. Proportionality Test- compare two independent proportions
hour 3. Kruskal-Wallis H Test- non parametric technique- not require assumption
Parking Volume- total number of vehicles that park in study area specific of the distribution of the populations being tested.
length of time 4. Empirical Bayes Method- takes into account the specific probab distr. Of
Parking Accumulation- number of parked vehicles in study area at any the variable under consideration
specified time
Parking Load- the area under the accumulation curve between two specific Methods of Summarizing Crash data-
times. • Type
Parking Duration- the length of time a vehicle is parked at a parking bay. • Severity
Parking TurnOver- the rate of use of a parking space. • Contributing circumstances
Inventory of Exisiting Parking Facilities- creating detailed catalog of all • Environmental conditions
parking facilities within the study area • Time periods
Collection of Parking Data- understanding how parking spaces are used
over time
Accumulation- tracking parking usage
Turnover and Duration- Monitoring frequency
Identification of Parking Generators- identify and map key locations that
drive parking demand.
Parking Demand Gather- detailed information why and how parking spaces
are used.