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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Practical Skills Workbook by Bryan Earl New - Unlocked-18

The document outlines a teacher demonstration to observe the rate of diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases. It details the procedure for creating a white cloud of ammonium chloride in a controlled environment, including the setup and observations to be recorded. Students are encouraged to understand the method and answer questions related to the diffusion rates of the gases.

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israr ahmed
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44 views1 page

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Practical Skills Workbook by Bryan Earl New - Unlocked-18

The document outlines a teacher demonstration to observe the rate of diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases. It details the procedure for creating a white cloud of ammonium chloride in a controlled environment, including the setup and observations to be recorded. Students are encouraged to understand the method and answer questions related to the diffusion rates of the gases.

Uploaded by

israr ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

1 Rate of diffusion of ammonia and hydrogen chloride (Teacher demonstration)

2 Open the bottle of concentrated ammonia solution and leave it TIP


in the fume cupboard. Point the bottle away from yourself and
the students. Then open the bottle of concentrated hydrochloric Your teacher will perform
acid, again in the fume cupboard, and hold the stopper near the the demonstration but
mouth of the bottle of ammonia solution. Note the white clouds you should read through
of ammonium chloride that are produced. the method to ensure you
understand it and so you
3 Put the end of one of the cotton buds into the concentrated
can answer the questions
ammonia solution. Quickly repeat this procedure with the second
about the method.
cotton bud and the concentrated hydrochloric acid. Push the buds
into opposite ends of the tube and start a stopwatch. Replace the
tops on the bottles of the ammonia and hydrochloric acid solutions.

glass a white cloud cotton wool


cotton wool
tubing forms here soaked in
soaked in
ammonia hydrochloric
solution acid

Figure 1 Diagram of the apparatus

4 Watch the ring of white solid forming in the tube, and stop the stopwatch when it is initially
observed. Record the time in the Observations section.
5 Measure the distance each gas has travelled from its end of the tube to where the white solid formed.
Record these distances in the Observations section.

Observations
Time taken for the white solid to form: …………………… seconds
Distance travelled by ammonia gas: …………………… cm
Distance travelled by hydrogen chloride gas: …………………… cm

Conclusions
1 How did the two gases travel along the tube?

....................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Use your results to find the rate at which the two gases diffused TIP
along the tube:
Rate is how quickly
Rate of diffusion of the ammonia gas: …………………… cm/s
something happens. Here
Rate of diffusion of the hydrogen chloride gas: ……………… cm/s we are not calculating the
3 Why is it important that the glass tube is clamped horizontally rate of a chemical reaction
before the experiment begins? but the rate of diffusion of
the two gases.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................

Cambridge IGCSE™ Chemistry Practical Skills Workbook Photocopying prohibited 17

310513_01_CAM_IGCSE_CPS_WB_016-025.indd 17 12/4/20 7:38 AM

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