0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views8 pages

TOM-II - Tutorial Manual - Unit 4 - Flywheel and Governors

The document contains tutorial questions related to flywheels and gyroscopes in mechanical engineering, providing various problems and their solutions. Key topics include energy storage in flywheels, kinetic energy calculations, turning moment diagrams, gyroscopic couples, and the effects of gyroscopic motion on ships. Each question includes specific parameters and the corresponding answers, illustrating practical applications of theoretical concepts.

Uploaded by

Pratik wagh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views8 pages

TOM-II - Tutorial Manual - Unit 4 - Flywheel and Governors

The document contains tutorial questions related to flywheels and gyroscopes in mechanical engineering, providing various problems and their solutions. Key topics include energy storage in flywheels, kinetic energy calculations, turning moment diagrams, gyroscopic couples, and the effects of gyroscopic motion on ships. Each question includes specific parameters and the corresponding answers, illustrating practical applications of theoretical concepts.

Uploaded by

Pratik wagh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

1. A flywheel with a mass of 3 kN has a radius of gyration of 1.6 m. Find the energy stored
in the flywheel when its speed increases from 315 rpm to 340 rpm.
Ans: the energy stored in the flywheel = 684.9 kJ
2. A flywheel absorbs 24 kJ of energy on increasing its speed of 210 rpm to 214 rpm.
Determine its kinetic energy at 250 rpm.
Ans: kinetic energy = 884.43 kJ
3. A double-acting steam engine develops 56 kW of power at 210 rpm. The maximum and
minimum speeds do not vary more than 1% of the mean speed and the excess energy
is 30% of the indicated work per stroke. Determine the mass of the flywheel if the radius
of gyration of the flywheel is 500 mm.
Ans: m = 992 kg
4. The turning-moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 1 mm =
500 N-m and a horizontal scale of 1mm = 3°. The turning-moment diagram repeats
itself after every half revolution of the crankshaft. The areas above and below the mean
torque line are 260, -580, 80, -380, 870, and -250 mm2. The rotating parts have a mass
of 55 kg and radius of gyration of 2.1 m. If the engine speed is 1600 rpm, determine
the coefficient of fluctuation of speed.
Ans: coefficient of fluctuation of speed = 0.0034
5. A multi-cylinder engine is to run at a speed of 600 r.p.m. On drawing the turning
moment diagram to a scale of 1 mm = 250 N-m and 1 mm = 3°, the areas above and
below the mean torque line in mm2 are : + 160, – 172, + 168, – 191, + 197, – 162. The
speed is to be kept within ± 1% of the mean speed of the engine. Calculate the necessary
moment of inertia of the flywheel. Determine the suitable dimensions of a rectangular
flywheel rim if the breadth is twice its thickness. The density of the cast iron is 7250
kg/m3 and its hoop stress is 6 MPa. Assume that the rim contributes 92% of the
flywheel effect.
Ans: D = 0.92 m, m = 143 kg, t = 58.4 mm, b = 116.8 m
6. The turning moment diagram for a multicylinder engine shown in Fig. has been drawn
to a scale of 1 mm=5000 N m vertically and 1 mm=3.5° horizontally. The areas between
output torque curve and mean resistance line taken in order from one end are: -340,
+21, -245, +300, -118, +230, -225, +377 mm2, when the engine is running at 180 rpm.

Page 1 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

If the mass of the flywheel is 1000 kg and the total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed
3% of the mean speed, find the minimum value of the radius of gyration.

Ans: Radius of gyration,K = 4 m


7. The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale of
1 mm to 500 N-m torque and 1 mm to 6° of crank displacement. The intercepted areas
between output torque curve and mean resistance line taken in order from one end, in
sq. mm are – 30, + 410, – 280, + 320, – 330, + 250, – 360, + 280, – 260 sq. mm, when
the engine is running at 800 r.p.m. The engine has a stroke of 300 mm and the
fluctuation of speed is not to exceed ± 2% of the mean speed. Determine a suitable
diameter and cross-section of the flywheel rim for a limiting value of the safe centrifugal
stress of 7 MPa. The material density may be assumed as 7200 kg/m3. The width of
the rim is to be 5 times the thickness.
Ans: D=0.745 m, t=85 mm, b=425mm
8. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 8 tonnes and a radius of gyration 0.6 m. It
rotates at 1800 r.p.m. clockwise, when looking from the stern. Determine the
gyroscopic couple, if the ship travels at 100 km/hr and steer to the left in a curve of 75
m radius.
Ans: gyroscopic couple = 200.866 kN-m, when the rotor rotates in clockwise direction
when looking from the stern and the ship steers to the left, the effect of the reactive
gyroscopic couple is to raise the bow and lower the stern.
9. The rotor of the turbine of a ship makes 1500 rpm clockwise when viewed from stern.
The rotor has a mass of 800 kg and its radius of gyration is 300 mm. Find the maximum
gyro-couple transmitted to the hull when the ship pitches with maximum angular
velocity of 1 rad/s. What is the effect of this couple?
Ans: gyroscopic couple = 11309.7 N-m
10. A diesel locomotive moving at a speed of 100 km/h turns around a curve of radius 400
m to the right. The driving wheels are 2 m in diameter and along with the axle has a

Page 2 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

mass of 2000 kg. The radius of gyration of the wheels together with the axle may be
taken as 0.6 m. Find the gyro effect on the pair of driving wheels.
Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 1389.1 N-m
11. A small high-speed ship is driven by a turbine, the rotor of which is rotating at 12,000
rpm in a clockwise direction, when viewed from the bow. The moment of inertia of the
rotor is 15 kg.m2 and the ship is travelling at 20 m/s in a curve of 600 m radius, the
direction being clockwise viewed from the above. Determine the gyroscopic couple
acting on the ship and its effect on the ship.
Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 628.32 N-m tending to lift the bow.
12. Determine the gyroscopic couple of a 3 m diameter solid aluminum alloy four-bladed
propeller in which each blade has a mass of 20 kg. The test manoeuver of the airplane
is a power-on flat spin in which the propeller speed is 1500 rpm and the rotation of the
flat spin is 1 rad/s. The radius of gyration of the propeller with respect to the propeller
axis is approximately half of the propeller radius.
Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 7068.6 N m
13. The heavy turbine rotor of a sea vessel rotates at 1500 r.p.m. clockwise looking from
the stern, its mass being 750 kg. The vessel pitches with an angular velocity of 1 rad/s.
Determine the gyroscopic couple transmitted to the hull when bow is rising, if the
radius of gyration for the rotor is 250 mm. Also show in what direction the couple acts
on the hull?
Ans: gyroscopic couple = 7.364 kN-m, when the pitching is upward, the reactive
gyroscopic couple acts in the clockwise direction which moves the sea vessel towards
star-board.
14. A turbine rotor of a ship which rotates clockwise when viewed from aft has a mass of
1500 kg, radius of gyration 0.7 m, and a speed of 2400 rpm. The ship pitches 5° above
and below the horizontal position with simple harmonic motion of period 24 s.
Determine the maximum reaction couple exerted by the rotor on the ship and the
direction in which the bow will turn when falling.
Ans: maximum reaction couple = 4220.86 N-m, the bow will turn to left i.e towards
port

Page 3 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

15. A boat is propelled by a steam turbine. The moment of inertia of the rotor, shaft and
propeller is 60 kg.m2. The turbine runs at 3000 rpm in clockwise direction looking from
the front. The boat describes a circular path towards the right making one revolution
in 10 s. Find the magnitude and direction of the couple acting on the boat hull.
Ans: gyroscopic couple = 11.837 kN-m, gyroscopic effect will be raise the front and
lower the stern of the boat.
16. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 3500 kg. It has a radius of gyration of 0.45
m and a speed of 3000 r.p.m. clockwise when looking from stern. Determine the
gyroscopic couple and its effect upon the ship:
(a) when the ship is steering to the left on a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 36
km/h.
(b) when the ship is pitching in a simple harmonic motion, the bow falling with its
maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 40 seconds and the total angular
displacement between the two extreme positions of pitching is 12 degrees.
Ans: (a) When the ship is steering to the left - gyroscopic couple = 22.27 kN-m, when the
rotor rotates clockwise when looking from the stern and the ship takes a left turn, the
effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple is to raise the bow and lower the stern., (b) When
the ship is pitching with the bow falling - gyroscopic couple = 3675 N-m, when the bow is
falling (i.e. when the pitching is downward), the effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple is
to move the ship towards port side.)
17. The mass of the turbine rotor of a ship is 20 tonnes and has a radius of gyration of
0.60 m. Its speed is 2000 r.p.m. The ship pitches 6° above and 6° below the horizontal
position. A complete oscillation takes 30 seconds and the motion is simple harmonic.
Determine the following:
(a) Maximum gyroscopic couple,
(b) Maximum angular acceleration of the ship during pitching, and
(c) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn when rising, if the rotation of the
rotor is clockwise when looking from the left.
Ans: Maximum gyroscopic couple = 33.185 kN-m, Maximum angular acceleration
during pitching = 0.0046 rad/s2, Direction in which the bow will tend to turn when
rising - when the rotation of the rotor is clockwise when looking from the left (i.e. rear

Page 4 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

end or stern) and when the bow is rising (i.e. pitching is upward), then the reactive
gyroscopic couple acts in the clockwise direction which tends to turn the bow towards
right i.e. towards star-board
18. The mass of a turbine rotor of a ship is 8000 kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.75
m. It rotates at 1800 rpm clockwise when viewed from the stern. Determine the
gyroscopic effects in the following cases:
(a) If the ship traveling at 100 km/h steers to the left along a curve of 80 m radius.
(b) If the ship is pitching and the bow is descending with maximum velocity. The
pitching is with simple harmonic motion with periodic time of 20 s and the total
angular movement between extreme position is 10°.
(c) If the ship is rolling with an angular velocity of 0.03 rad/s clockwise when looking
from stern.
In each case, determine the direction in which the ship tends to move.
Ans: (a) gyroscopic couple = 294531 N-m, The ship tends to move to the left. (b)
gyroscopic couple = 46510 N-m, The ship tends to move up. (c) gyroscopic couple = 0
19. A ship is propelled by a turbine rotor of mass 500 kg and has a speed of 2400 rpm.
The rotor has a radius of gyration of 0.5 m and rotates in clockwise direction when
viewed from stern. Find the gyroscopic effects in the following cases:
(a) The ship runs at a speed of 15 knots (1 knot =1860 m/h). It steers to the left in
a curve of 60 m radius.
(b) The spin pitches 5° from the horizontal position with the time period of 20s of
simple harmonic motion.
(c) The ship rolls with angular velocity of 0.04 rad/s clockwise when viewed from
stern. Also calculate the maximum angular acceleration during pitching.
Ans: (a) gyroscopic couple = 4052.2 N-m, (b) gyroscopic couple = 860.7 N-m, gyroscopic
couple = 1256.5 N-m and maximum angular acceleration during pitching = 0.0086
rad/s2
20. A turbine rotor of a ship is of 2000 kg mass and has a radius of gyration of 0.8 m. Its
speed is 2000 rpm. The ship pitches 5° above and below the mean position. A complete
oscillation takes place in 20 s and the motion is simple harmonic. Determine
(a) The maximum couple tending to shear the holding down bolts of the turbine,

Page 5 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

(b) The maximum acceleration of the ship during pitching, and


(c) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn while rising, if the rotation of the
rotor is clockwise, when looking from aft.
Ans: (a) maximum couple = 7345.48 N-m, (b) maximum acceleration = 0.008613
rad/s2, (c) the bow will tend to turn towards starboard
21. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 4000 kg. Its radius of gyration is 0.5 m and
a speed of 3000 rpm clockwise when looking from stern. Determine the gyroscopic
couple and its effect on the ship:
(a) when the ship is steering to the left on a curve of 105 m radius at a speed of 36
km/h and
(b) when the ship is pitching in a simple harmonic motion, the bow falling with its
maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 45 s and the total angular
displacement between the two extreme positions of pitching is 15°.
(a) Gyroscopic couple = 29924 N-m, When the rotor rotates clockwise and ship takes
left turn, looking from stern, the effect of reactive gyroscopic couple is to raise the bow
and lower the stern. (b) Gyroscopic couple = 5750 N-m, When the bow is falling, the
effect of gyro-couple is to move the ship towards port side.
22. A ship propelled by a turbine rotor which has a mass of 5 tonnes and a speed of 2100
r.p.m. The rotor has a radius of gyration of 0.5 m and rotates in a clockwise direction
when viewed from the stern. Find the gyroscopic effects in the following conditions:
(a) The ship sails at a speed of 30 km/h and steers to the left in a curve having 60
m radius.
(b) The ship pitches 6 degree above and 6 degree below the horizontal position. The
bow is descending with its maximum velocity. The motion due to pitching is
simple harmonic and the periodic time is 20 seconds.
(c) The ship rolls and at a certain instant it has an angular velocity of 0.03 rad/s
clockwise when viewed from stern.
Determine also the maximum angular acceleration during pitching. Explain how the
direction of motion due to gyroscopic effect is determined in each case.

Page 6 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

Ans: (a) When the ship steers to the left - Maximum gyroscopic couple = 9075 N-m,
Since the ship is pitching with the bow descending, therefore the effect of this maximum
gyroscopic couple is to turn the ship towards port side.
(b) When the ship rolls - Gyroscopic couple = 8250 N-m, In case of rolling of a ship, the
axis of precession is always parallel to the axis of spin for all positions, therefore there
is no effect of gyroscopic couple.
(c) Maximum angular acceleration during pitching = 0.01 rad/s2.
23. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2000 kg and rotates at a speed of 3000 r.p.m.
clockwise when looking from a stern. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 0.5 m.
Determine the gyroscopic couple and its effects upon the ship when the ship is steering
to the right in a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 16.1 knots (1 knot = 1855 m/hr).
Calculate also the torque and its effects when the ship is pitching in simple harmonic
motion, the bow falling with its maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 50 seconds
and the total angular displacement between the two extreme positions of pitching is
12°. Find the maximum acceleration during pitching motion.
Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 13.04 kN-m, when the rotor rotates clockwise when looking
from a stern and the ship steers to the right, the effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple
is to raise the stern and lower the bow, Torque during pitching or maximum
gyroscopic couple during pitching = 2074 N-m, when the pitching is downwards, the
effect of the reactive gyroscopic couple is to turn the ship towards port side. Maximum
acceleration during pitching = 0.00166 rad/s2
24. An aeroplane makes a complete half circle radius towards left when flying at 210
km/h. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane is of 50 kg mass having a radius
of gyration of 300 mm. The engine rotates at 2400 rpm clockwise as seen from the rear.
Find the gyroscopic couple on the aircraft and its effect on the plane.
Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 1099.32 Nm, The reaction gyro-couple will raise the noise
and dip the tail.
25. An aeroplane makes a complete half circle of 60 m radius towards left when flying at
250 km/h. The rotary engine and the propeller of the plane have a mass of 450 kg with
a radius of gyration of 300 mm. The engine runs at 2400 rpm clockwise when viewed
from the rear. Find the gyroscopic effect on the aircraft.

Page 7 of 8
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Theory of Machines - Tutorial Questions – Flywheel and Gyroscopes

Ans: Gyroscopic couple = 11777 N-m

Page 8 of 8

You might also like