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Q1. The number of bent-shaped molecule/s from the following is ______ N −

3
, NO
−
2
, I
−
3
, O3 , SO 2

Q2. Match List I with List II

List II
List I
(No. of lone pairs of e −

(molecules/ions)
on central atom)
(A) IF 7 I. Three
(B) ICl
−
4
II. One
(C) XeF 6 III. Two
(D) XeF 2 IV. Zero
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I (2) A - IV, B - III, C - II, D - I
(3) A - II, B - I, C - IV, D - III (4) A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III

Q3. The number of species having non-pyramidal shape among the following is:
− 2−
(A) SO 3 (B) NO (C) PCl 3 (D) CO
3 3

Q4. The molecular geometry of SF is octahedral. What is the geometry of SF (including lone pair(s) of electrons,
6 4

if (any)?
(1) Tetrahedral (2) Trigonal bipyramidal
(3) Pyramidal (4) Square planar

Q5. Sum of bond order of CO and NO is +

Q6. The number of species from the following which are paramagnetic and with bond order equal to one is
+ + 2− 2− +
H 2 , He ,O ,N ,O , F 2 , Ne , B2
2 2 2 2 2

Q7. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of their covalent character :
(A) LiCl (B) NaCl (C) KCl (D) CsCl
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
(1) (A) > (C) > (B) > (D) (2) (B) > (A) > (C) > (D)
(3) (A) > (B) > (C) > (D) (4) (A) > (B) > (D) > (C)
o
Q8. A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1 .2 D. If the bond distance is 1A, then fractional charge on each
atom is _____ ×10
−1
esu. (Given 1D = 10 −18
esu cm )

Q9. The element that shows greater ability to form pπ − pπ multiple bonds is:
(1) Sn (2) C
(3) Si (4) Ge
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Q10. Match List I with List II

List - I List - II

(Compound/Species) (Shape/Geometry)

A. SF 4 I. Tetrahedral

B. BrF 3 II. Pyramidal

−
C. BrO III. See saw
3

+
D. NH IV. Bent T-Shape
4

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(1) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV (2) A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
(3) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I (4) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Q11. Total number of species from the following with central atom utilising sp hybrid orbitals for bonding is 2

_____. NH 3, SO 2 , SiO 2 , BeCl 2 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , BCl 3 , HCHO, C 6 H 6 , BF 3 , C 2 H 4 Cl 2

Q12. The number of species trom the following carrying a single lone pair on central atom Xenon is
+ −
XeF , XeO 3 , XeO 2 F 2 , XeF , XeO 3 F 2 , XeOF 4 , XeF 4
5 5

Q13. Match List I with List II

List-I List-II
A XeO 3 I sp
3
d ; linear
B XeF 2 II sp
3
; pyramidal
C XeOF 4 III sp
3
d
3
; distorted octahedral
D XeF 6 IV sp
3
d
2
; square pyramidal
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(1) A − II, B − IV, C − III, D − I (2) A − IV, B − II, C − III, D − I
(3) A − II, B − I, C − IV, D − III (4) A − IV, B − II, C − I, D − III

Q14. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R :
Assertion A : The H − O − H bond angle in water molecule is 104. 5°.
Reason R : The lone pair − lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair − bond pair repulsion.
(1) A is false but R is true (2) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false (4) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
explanation of A

Q15. The number of species below that have two lone pairs of electrons in their central atom is ___ (Round off to
the Nearest integer) SF 4, BF
−

4
, ClF 3 , AsF 3 , PCl 5 , BrF 5 , XeF 4 , SF 6

Q16. The compound that has the largest H –M –H bond angle (M = N , O, S, C), is :
(1) H 2O (2) NH 3

(3) H 2S (4) CH 4

Q17. The total number of anti bonding molecular orbitals, formed from 2s and 2p atomic orbitals in a diatomic
molecule is _____________.
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Q18. Given below are two statements :

Statement (I) : A π bonding MO has lower electron density above and below the inter-nuclear axis.
Statement (II) : The π antibonding MO has a node between the nuclei.
*

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are false (2) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(3) Statement I is false but Statement II is true (4) Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Q19. In which of the following processes, the bond order increases and paramagnetic character changes to
diamagnetic one?
(1) O 2 → O
+
2
(2) O 2 → O
2−
2

(3) NO → NO +
(4) N 2 → N
+
2

Q20. According to molecular orbital theory, the species among the following that does not exist is:
(1) He −
2
(2) O 2−
2

(3) He +
2
(4) Be 2

Q21. Arrange the following bonds according to their average bond energies in descending order:
C − Cl, C − Br, C − F, C − I

(1) C − F > C − Cl > C − Br > C − I (2) C − Br > C − I > C − Cl > C − F

(3) C − I > C − Br > C − Cl > C − F (4) C − Cl > C − Br > C − I > C − F

Q22. Among the following, the molecule expected to be stabilized by anion formation is:
C 2 , O 2 , NO, F 2

(1) F 2 (2) C 2

(3) O 2 (4) NO

Q23. Arrange the following in increasing order of their covalent character.

(A) CaF (B) CaCl (C) CaBr (D) CaI
2 2 2 2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(1) B < A < C < D (2) A < B < C < D
(3) A < B < D < C (4) A < C < B < D

Q24. The correct set from the following in which both pairs are in correct order of melting point is:
(1) LiF > LiCl; NaCl > MgO (2) LiCl > LiF; MgO > NaCl
(3) LiCl > LiF; NaCl > MgO (4) LiF > LiCl; MgO > NaCl

Q25. The pair from the following pairs having both compounds with net non-zero dipole moment is
(1) 1, 4-Dichlorobenzene, 1, 3-Dichlorobenzene (2) cis-butene, trans-butene
(3) CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 (4) Benzene, anisidine

Q26. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : PH has lower boiling point than NH
3 3.

Reason (R) : In liquid state NH molecules are associated through Vander Waal's forces, but PH molecules
3 3

are associated through hydrogen bonding.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
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(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the (2) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
correct explanation of (A)
(3) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is the (4) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
correct explanation of (A)

Q27. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : Dipole-dipole interactions are the only non-covalent interactions, resulting in hydrogen bond
formation.
Reason R : Fluorine is the most electronegative element and hydrogen bonds in HF are symmetrical.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(1) A is false but R is true (2) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false (4) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A

Q28. Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : Zero orbital overlap is an out of phase overlap.
Reason R : It results due to different orientation/ direction of approach of orbitals.
In the light of the above statements. Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct (2) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
explanation of A explanation of A
(3) A is true but R is false (4) A is false but R is true

Q29. The correct statement among the following is:

(1) (SiH 3 )3 N is planar and less basic than (CH 3 )3 N (2) (SiH 3 )3 N is pyramidal and more basic than
(CH 3 ) N
3

(3) (SiH 3 )3 N is pyramidal and less basic than (4) (SiH 3 )3 N is planar and more basic than
(CH 3 ) N (CH 3 ) N
3 3

Q30. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : Lithium halides are some what covalent in nature.
Reason R : Lithium possess high polarisation capability.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(1) A is true but R is false (2) A is false but R is true
(3) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct (4) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A explanation of A
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ANSWER KEYS
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (6) 6. (1) 7. (3) 8. (0)
9. (2) 10. (3) 11. (6) 12. (4) 13. (3) 14. (4) 15. (2) 16. (4)
17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (3) 20. (4) 21. (1) 22. (2) 23. (2) 24. (4)
25. (3) 26. (4) 27. (1) 28. (1) 29. (1) 30. (4)

1. (3)

+ +
−
¯
¯¯ ¯
¯¯ ¯
¯¯
N (Azide): N = N = N ↔ N − N ≡ N
3

It has sp hybridised central atom. Hence it is linear in shape.

I
−

3
(triiodide):

It has linear geometry, sp 3

d hybridisation with three lone pairs at central atom.

NO
−

2
(nitrite) :
It is (nonlinear) bent shaped as it has sp hybridisation with one lone pair at central atom.
2

O3 (ozone) :
It Is bent in shape with sp hybridisation and one lone pair at central atom.
2

SO2 (sulphur dioxide) :

It is bent in shape with sp hybridisation and one lone pair at central atom.
2

So 3 among the given molecules is bent in shape.

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2. (2) From the following lewis structures of IF7 , ICl

−

4
, XeF6 & XeF2 :

, , and
we can deduce the number of lone pairs as well as the hybridisation of the central atom:
3 3
IF7 : zero lone pair sp d

− 3 2
ICl : two lone pair sp d
4

3 2
XeF6 : one lone pair sp d

3
XeF2 : three lone pair sp d

3. (3)

Hence non-pyramidal species are SO 3, NO3

−
and CO . 2−

4. (2)
SF4 ⇒Steric No = 5 so hybridisation is sp 3
d

Geometry is trigonal bipyramidal but shape is “See Saw”.

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5. (6)
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms and indicates the stability of a bond.
Number of bonding electrons−number of antibonding electrons
Bond order =
2

The given two molecules have the same number of electrons(14) like nitrogen molecule.
+

Hence, CO ⇒ ¯
¯¯
C ≡ O : BO = 3

+ +
NO ⇒ N ≡ O : BO = 3

The sum of the bond order of CO and NO +

= 3 + 3

= 6

6. (1)
Paramagnetic molecules are those molecules in which unpaired electrons are present, while diamagnetic
molecules are those in which unpaired electrons are absent.
The diatomic species with an odd number of electrons and those diatomic species that contain 10 or 16 electrons
are paramagnetic. Among the given species O +

2
(15) and B 2 (10) are paramgnetic species.
The molecular orbital electronic configuration of B is. 2

2 ∗ 2 2 ∗ 2 1 1
B2 : σ1s , σ 1s , σ2s , σ 2s , π2px , π2py

Bonding electrons−antibonding electrons

Bond order= 2
6−4 2
= = = 1
2 2

Hence. the answer is 1

7. (3)
Lithium chloride is the alkali metal chloride which is most covalent in nature. This is due to the small size and
high polarising power of lithium. That is, smaller the cation, greater is the polarising power and hence, greater is
the covalent character.
So order of covalent character will be CsCl < RbCl < NaCl < LiCl
8. (0)
Given,

μ = 1 .2 D

μ = q × d

where, μ = dipole moment

q = charge

d = distance
1.2 D
q =
0
1.0A

−10
∴ q = 1 .2 ×10 esu

Hence, the charge present on each atom is approximately zero.

9. (2) C forms most stable pπ − pπ bonds because it has high bond dissociation energy, more electronegativity, high
ionization energy and vacant d− orbital is unavailable. While others have vacant orbital and low bond dissociation
enthalpy and low ionisation enthalpy

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10.

(3)
11. (6) Central atom utilising sp hybrid orbitals SO
2
2, C2 H4 , BCl3 , HCHO, C6 H6 , BF3

12. (4)

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The central Xe atom in XeO has three bonding domains and one lone pair of electrons. Hence,
3

the electron geometry is tetrahedral and molecular geometry is pyramidal.

XeO2 F2 is trigonal bipyramidal and the shape is a see-saw.
XeOF4 is in square pyramidal shape.
So, XeF +

5
, XeO3 , XeO2 F2 and XeOF have single lone pair on central atom.
4

13. (3)

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XeOF4

S. N =
1

2
(8 + 4)= 6 = sp
3
d
2
square pyramidal
XeO3

2
(8)= 4 = sp
3
Pyramidal
XeF6

2
(8 + 6)= 7 = sp
3
d
3
distorted octahedral
XeF2

2
(8 + 2)= 5 = sp
3
d linear
14. (4)
H2 O

θ = 104. 5°

The hybridisation of oxygen is water molecule is sp . 3

So electron geometry of water molecule is tetrahedral, and the bond angle should be 109°28 but as we know that
''

lone pair-lone pair repulsion of electrons is higher than the bond pair-bond pair repulsion because lone pair
occupies more space around central atom than that of bond pair, The H − O − H bond angle in water molecule is
104. 5° .
15. (2)

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Two l.p. on central atom is = ClF 3

, XeF4

The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict 3-D molecular geometry
based on the number of valence shell electron bond pairs among the atoms in a molecule or ion. This model
assumes that electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion effects from one another.
16. (4)
Comparison of H2 O and NH3

H2 O :

3
sp , ℓ⋅ p = 2, B. A. = 104°30°
H2 S → No hybridisation [Drago's rule], bond angle = 92°

3
NH3 : sp hybridisation , ℓ. p = 1, B. A. = 107°

17. (4)

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The atomic orbitals combine to form a new set of equivalent orbitals known as hybrid orbitals. Unlike pure
orbitals, hybrid orbitals are used in bond formation. The phenomenon is known as hybridisation, which can be
defined as the process of intermixing of the orbitals of slightly different energies to redistribute their energies,
resulting in the formation of a new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and shape.
The number of hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that get hybridised.
Antibonding molecular orbital from 2s = 1 that is σ * 2s
Antibonding molecular orbital from 2p = 3 that is σ * 2p x, π * 2py and π * 2pz .
Total = 4
18. (3)
The pi bonding molecular orbital has a larger electron density above and below the internuclear axis due to the
symmetry of the orbital, interference of atomic orbitals, and overlap of atomic orbitals. The electron density is
minimum along the internuclear axis due to the nodal plane.
A π bonding molecular orbital has higher electron density above and below inter nuclear axis.
This π orbital has two nodes: one node is the plane which contains the atoms, and the other node is a plane
∗

perpendicular to this, between the two carbon atoms.

19. (3)
Change in Bonad order
Process
magnetic nature change
N2 → N
+

2
Dia → Para 3 → 2. 5

NO → NO
+
Para →Dia 2. 5 → 3

O2 → O
−2

2
Para→ Dia 2 → 1

O2 → O
+

2
Para → Para 2 → 2. 5

20. (4)
Chemical Species Bond Order

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+
He 0. 5
2

−
He 0. 5
2

Be2 0

2−
O 1
2

According to M.O.T. If bond order of chemical species is zero then that chemical species does not exist.
The bond order (half the difference in the numbers of bonding and antibonding electrons) for such a diatomic
entity is zero.
21. (1) Bond energy ∝ 1

Bond length

Bond length order in carbon halogen bonds arein the order of C – F < C – Cl < C – Br < C – IHence, Bond energy
orderC – F > C – Cl > C – Br > C – I
22. (2)
According to molecular orbital theory the configuration is like that
2 * * 2 2 0
C2 ⇒ σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s π2Px = π2Py < σ2Pz (BMO)

8−4
BO = = 2
2

− 9−4
2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 1
C = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < π2px = π2py < 2pz = = 2.5
2 2

C2 → C
−

2
bond order increases so it is more favourable.
For F2 , O2 and NO

2 2 2 2 2 10−8
2 * 2 2 * 2 * *
F2 = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Px = π2Py < π 2Px = π 2Py < σ*2Pz BO = = 1
2

− 2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 2 * 2 1 10−9
F = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Px = π2Py < π 2Px = π 2Py < σ*2Pz BO = = 0.5
2 2

Bond order decreases F 2

→ F
−

2
so not favourable.
2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 1 * 1
O2 = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Py = π2Px < π 2Py = π 2Pz

10−6
BO = = 2
2

− 2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 2 1
O = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Py = π2Px < π 2Py = π2Pz
2

10−7
BO = = 1.5
2

Bond order decreases O 2

→ O
−

2
so not favourable
2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 1 * 0
NO = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Px = π2Py < π 2Px = π 2Py

10−5
BO = = 2.5
2

− 2 * 2 2 * 2 2 2 2 * 1 * 1
NO = σ1s < σ 1s < σ2s < σ 2s < σ2Pz < π2Px = π2Py < π 2Px = π 2Py

10−6
BO = = 2
2

BO NO → NO decreases so not favourable

−

In case of only C , incoming electron will enter the boding molecular orbital which increases the bond order and
2

stability.
Whereas rest of all takes incoming electron in their antibonding molecular orbital which decreased stability.
23. (2)

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Cation is same in all case while anions are different.

According to Fajan's rule, Larger the anion, less is the effective nuclear charge that holds the valence
electron of the ion in place. Since the last electron is loosely bound in large anions, it can easily be
polarised by a cation, thereby making the compound more covalent.
Hence, the larger the size of the anion, greater is the covalent character of the ionic bond.
CaF2 < CaCl2 < CaBr2 < CaI2

24. (4)
Lattice energy is defined as the amount of energy required to separate one mole of solid ionic compound into its
gaseous ions. Evidently greater the lattice energy, higher is the melting point of the alkali metals halide and lower
is its solubility in water.
L. E. ∝ M. P.

L. E. : LiF > LiCl, MgO > NaCl

25. (3)

The dipole moment is the vector sum of all the bond moments. The CH 2 Cl2 and CHCl both have
3

net non-zero dipole moment because the bond moments are not cancelled each other due to their
tetrahedral structure. The 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, trans-butene, benzene have zero dipole moment due
to cancellation of bond moments. The 1, 3-dichlorobenzene, cis-butene, anisidine has non-zero
dipole moment.

26. (4)
The molecular formulas for ammonia and phosphine are NH and 3 PH3

, respectively. As we know, Nitrogen is more electronegative and smaller in size than phosphorus. Therefore,
hydrogen bonding occurs in ammonia in comparison to phosphine. Hydrogen bonding is the force of attraction
between hydrogen and an electronegative element which is smaller in size. In the case of phosphine, only weak
van der waal’s forces of attraction exist between the molecules. Since hydrogen bonding is stronger than weak van
der waal’s forces of attraction. Hence, ammonia has a higher boiling point than phosphine.
In all, we can say that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the higher boiling point of ammonia in comparison to
phosphine.
N has small atomic size and high electronegativity. Hence, NH can form hydrogen bonds. P has large size and
3

low electronegativity. Hence, PH cannot form hydrogen bonds.

3

27. (1)
Assertion is incorrect since in hydrogen bonding, Dipole-dipole interactions are noncovalent but ion-dipole
interaction can also result in H-bond formation.
Reason is correct since F is most electronegative element & structure is

Symmetrical H-bonds are present

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28. (1)

When orbitals of two atoms come close to form bond, their overlap may be positive, negative or zero
depending upon the sign (phase) and direction of orientation of amplitude of orbital wave function in
space Positive and negative sign on boundary surface diagrams show the sign (phase) of orbital
wave function and are not related to charge. Orbitals forming bond should have same sign (phase)
and orientation in space. This is called positive overlap
Zero overlap (out of phase due to different orientation direction of approach)

29. (1)

lp of N in N(CH 3
)
3
is free to donate while in N(SiH 3
)
3
lp is involved in back bonding so it is not easy to donate
hence it is less basic.
Due to back bonding it is planar and sp hybridised.
2

30. (4) Lithium due to small size has very high polarization capability and thus increases covalent nature in Halides.

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