TRISTAN S VALLEJOS

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MODULE 3.2
1.Describe painting in the Philippines during the Spanish time.
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines (1565-1898), painting primarily served religious and
decorative purposes and was significantly influenced by Spanish culture and Catholicism. Here are some key
points that describe painting in the Philippines during this era: Church Art: Much of the painting during this
period was commissioned by the Catholic Church. Paintings often depicted religious themes, including images
of saints, the Virgin Mary, and scenes from the Bible.Iconography: Artists created large murals, altar pieces,
and icons for churches and religious institutions. These works aimed to instruct and inspire the faithful and
were an essential part of religious instruction and devotion.

2.Who founded the Academia? Why was it founded?

3.What is the purpose of painting during the American period? Explain your answer.
During the American period in the Philippines (1898-1946), painting served several purposes, reflecting the
changes and influences brought about by American colonization. Here are some key purposes of painting
during this era: Transition and Hybridization: Painting during the American period marked a transition from
Spanish influences to a more diverse and hybridized style. Filipino artists began integrating American artistic
techniques and perspectives while still maintaining elements of their indigenous and Spanish-inspired
traditions.

4.How would you describe sculpture in the Philippines during the Spanish time? Name some of th
sculptures done by Filipinos during this period. During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, sculpture
played a significant role in expressing religious devotion and cultural identity. Here's an overview of sculpture
during this time, along with some notable examples created by Filipino artists: Santo Entierro (Dead Christ
Sculptures):These sculptures, particularly those used in processions during Holy Week, were notable for their
realism and emotional impact. They depicted the body of Christ after the Crucifixion and were often elaborately
adorned.Gaspar V. Conch:A Filipino sculptor known for his religious sculptures during the late 19th century. His
works include images of saints and religious icons, characterized by intricate detailing and a blend of local and
European styles.

5 .What are the characteristics of the Metropolitan Theater at Plaza Lawton (now Liwasang Bonifacio)
in terms of sculptural design and architectural style? The Metropolitan Theater, located at Plaza Lawton
(now Liwasang Bonifacio) in Manila, Philippines, is renowned for its distinctive architectural style and sculptural
design. Here are the key characteristics of the Metropolitan Theater in terms of sculptural design and
architectural style: Art Deco Influence: The Metropolitan Theater is a prime example of Art Deco architecture in
the Philippines. Art Deco was characterized by geometric shapes, streamlined forms, and stylized
ornamentation, reflecting modernity and technological progress.Symmetry and Geometry: The building exhibits
strong symmetrical features with clean lines and geometric patterns. Its facade is marked by vertical and
horizontal lines, creating a sense of balance and proportion.

6. What are the distinct qualities of some of the early churches established in Intramuros, Manila?
Fortified Structures: Many of the early churches in Intramuros were built as fortified structures, incorporating
thick walls, sturdy buttresses, and defensive elements. This architectural style served both religious and
defensive purposes, protecting the church and its inhabitants during times of conflict.Baroque Influence: The
churches typically followed the Baroque architectural style, characterized by grandeur, dramatic lighting effects,
and ornate detailing. This style aimed to evoke emotional and spiritual responses among worshippers.
7. What are the similarities and differences of the churches in Pampanga and Bulacan with those in the
Rizal province with regards to architectural characteristics? The churches in Pampanga, Bulacan, and
Rizal provinces in the Philippines share similarities in their architectural characteristics due to their shared
history of Spanish colonial influence and Catholic heritage. However, they also exhibit distinct regional
variations based on local materials, cultural influences, and historical contexts.

8. Who designed the architectural structures in Manilla and other places in the Philippines during the
American period? Name some of the designs. During the American period in the Philippines (1898-1946),
several architects, both American and Filipino, contributed to designing architectural structures that reflected
the era's colonial and modern influences. Here are some notable architects and their designs:William E.
ParsonsManila Central Post Office: Designed in the Neoclassical style, it features grand columns, a
monumental facade, and classical details. The building served as the central hub for postal services in
Manila.Manila City Hall: Another Neoclassical design by Parsons, characterized by its symmetrical layout,
grand staircase, and imposing columns. It remains a significant government building in Manila.

9. Why were the architectural designs of Arellano and Toledo referred to as classic style? Explain. The
architectural designs of Juan M. Arellano and Andres Luna de San Pedro Toledo were referred to as classic
style primarily due to their adherence to Classical architecture principles, particularly during the American
colonial period in the Philippines. Here's an explanation of why their designs were considered
classic:Adherence to Classical PrinciplesNeoclassical Influence:Both Arellano and Toledo drew inspiration from
Neoclassicism, a revival of Classical Greek and Roman architecture that emerged in the 18th and 19th
centuries. Neoclassical architecture is characterized by:Symmetry and Proportion: Buildings are often
symmetrical in layout, with a balanced distribution of elements.Columns and Pediments: Use of classical
orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) for columns and pediments, emphasizing grandeur and historical continuity.

10. What is meant by the term "compuesto"? Give examples of church facades done in compuesto. In
architecture, the term "compuesto" refers to a style that blends different architectural orders, typically
combining elements of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders within a single facade or structure. This blending
creates a rich and varied architectural composition that is both harmonious and visually engaging. The
compuesto style emerged during the Baroque period as architects sought to integrate classical elements in
innovative ways. Examples of Church Facades in Compuesto Style:
San Agustin Church Facade, Manila:The facade of San Agustin Church in Manila exemplifies the compuesto
style. It features a combination of Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns arranged in a harmonious
composition.The lower levels of the facade may incorporate Doric columns, characterized by their plain, sturdy
design. Ionic columns, with their scroll-like capitals, might be used in the middle levels, adding a sense of
elegance and movement.Corinthian columns, known for their intricately carved acanthus leaf capitals, typically
adorn the uppermost levels, symbolizing grandeur and beauty.Barasoain Church Facade, Malolos,
Bulacan:Barasoain Church showcases a compuesto facade that blends different architectural orders. This style
is evident in the arrangement of columns and pilasters (flat, rectangular columns).