THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT.
COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
COURSE CODE: EEC 120
TOPIC: TECHNICAL REPORT ON SUBMERSIBLE
PUMPING MACHINE.
PREPARED BY:-
1 ADENEKAN ODUNAYO EMMANUEL 2023702030063
2 AKANDE OLUWADAMILARE ISMAIL 2023232040199
3 OYERO WALIU OLUWATOSIN 2023232040059
4 ADEDOKUN EMMANUEL AYOMIDE 2023232040093
5 ABDULKAREEM FARUQ ABIODUN 2023232040144
6 RAYMOND BLESSING AUGUSTINA 2023702030057
7 ABIODUN ISRAEL ANJOLAOLUWA 2023232040170
8 ADEWOLE DEBORAH ADEYINKA 2023232040113
9 AKINBODE OPEOLUWA DEBORAH 2023702030021
10 OLADITI ABDULMALIK ENIOLA 2023232040070
11 MORAKINYO DAMILARE AYOMIDE 2023232040078
12 MURAINO KABIRU ADEBAYO 2023232040033
13 OLOJEDE ISAIAH OLUWASEGUN 2023232040022
14 ONI JUSTINAH 2023232040074
15 KAYODE MAXWELL TEMIDAYO 2023232040048
LECTURER-IN- CHARGE.
ENGR. K.M. AJALA/ ENGR. B.O. TIJANI
SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING MACHINE.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING
MACHINE.
The development of submersible pumping machines has a rich
historical background that showcases advancements in engineering
and technology. Here is an overview of the key milestones in the
history of submersible pumping machines:
EARLY BEGINNINGS
Ancient Water Lifting Devices: The concept of moving water from
one place to another has ancient roots. Devices like the Archimedean
screw, used by the ancient Greeks, and the shaduf, used by ancient
Egyptians, were early attempts at water lifting.
19th Century: Early Pumps and Electrical Advances.
Mid-1800s: The development of more sophisticated water pumps
began, coinciding with the Industrial Revolution. These early pumps
were typically surface-based and relied on steam engines.
Late 1800s: The advent of electricity enabled the creation of more
efficient and powerful pumps. The invention of electric motors allowed
for more practical and reliable pumping systems.
Early 20th Century: Birth of Submersible Pumps.
1920s: The first true submersible pumps began to appear. These early
versions were relatively crude but marked a significant step forward.
Armais Arutunoff, an engineer, is often credited with developing the
first practical submersible pump in 1928. He combined a motor and
pump into a single unit that could be submerged, improving reliability
and efficiency.
Mid-20th Century: Advancements and Commercialization.
1930s-1950s: Submersible pumps saw significant improvements in
design and materials. The development of better sealing technologies
and more robust electrical components made these pumps more
reliable and efficient.
1940s: World War II spurred technological advancements, including
those in submersible pump design. Improved materials and
engineering techniques developed during the war found peacetime
applications in industry and agriculture.
Late 20th Century: Technological Refinements and
Diversification.
1960s-1980s: Innovations in materials science, such as the use of
stainless steel and advanced polymers, enhanced the durability and
performance of submersible pumps. Additionally, the development of
better electrical insulation and sealing techniques improved the
reliability of these pumps in harsh environments.
1980s-1990s: The advent of electronic controls and sensors allowed
for more precise monitoring and control of submersible pumps,
increasing their efficiency and operational lifespan. The introduction of
variable frequency drives (VFDs) enabled better control over pump
speed and energy consumption.
21st Century: Modern Submersible Pumps.
2000s-Present: Modern submersible pumps benefit from advances in
digital technology, including remote monitoring and control through
the Internet of Things (IoT). These pumps are used in a wide range of
applications, from water wells and sewage systems to oil and gas
extraction.
Current Trends: Today's submersible pumps are designed with a
focus on energy efficiency, sustainability, and adaptability to various
applications. Innovations continue to emerge, such as the use of
renewable energy sources to power submersible pumps and the
development of more intelligent control systems.
Conclusion.
The historical development of submersible pumping machines reflects
broader trends in industrial and technological progress. From early
mechanical water lifting devices to sophisticated modern pumps, each
phase of development has contributed to the highly efficient and
reliable submersible pumps used today.
EARLY USED SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING MACHINE.
A submersible pumping machine, commonly known as a submersible
pump, is a type of pump that is designed to be submerged in the fluid
it is intended to pump. This design contrasts with traditional surface
pumps that draw fluid to the pump via suction.
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS.
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION:
Encapsulation: The pump and its motor are encapsulated in a
watertight casing, which prevents water from entering the motor and
causing damage.
Materials: These pumps are typically made from corrosion-resistant
materials like stainless steel or high-quality polymers to withstand
harsh environments.
OPERATION:
Electric Motor: The motor is typically electric and can be either AC or
DC, depending on the application.
Impeller Mechanism: The pump works by using an impeller to push
water through the pump and up to the surface or designated discharge
point.
HOW DOES A SUBMERSIBLE PUMP WORK?
These pumps work differently than other types of water and debris
pumps. Because of the pump’s design, you will start the process by
submerging the entire tool and connecting it through tubes or a
collection container for liquid and solids. Your collection system might
vary depending on the pump’s function and your industry.
The two main features of a submersible pump are the impeller and
casing. The motor powers the impeller, causing it to spin in the casing.
The impeller sucks the water and other particles up into the
submersible pump, and the spinning motion in the casing sends it up
toward the surface.
Depending on your pump model, you can run them for more extended
periods. The water pressure from submerging it allows the pump to
function easily without using much energy, making them incredibly
efficient. Companies and homeowners can use them for bigger projects
because of their functional capabilities.
USES FOR SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
Submersible pumps can apply to several industries, from agricultural
fields to treatment plants. Here are three common submersible pump
uses:
1. SUMP PUMPS
Sump pumps pull water away from buildings, helping prevent flooding
and water damage. Many people who live in flood zones use them as
critical flooding prevention tools. Because submersible pumps are so
good at pulling water away from the source, they are excellent choices
for sump pumps.
Submersible pumps can be helpful for homeowners and business
owners trying to protect their buildings because they can fit in smaller,
less accessible spaces. There are several flood prevention and water
removal methods, but the versatility and functionality of submersible
pumps make them a top choice.
2. SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT
While some organizations use submersible pumps to remove water,
you can also use them to remove solids and wastes from water. Water
and sewage treatment facilities use them to separate solid waste from
water efficiently and effectively. The power and capabilities offered by
submersible pumps allow treatment plants to streamline other water
treatment processes by removing more solid particles than other
methods.
Additionally, wastewater treatment centers use subversive pumps to
draw water for treatment. Whether you are moving water or removing
waste, submersible pumps allow you to move and transport water to
processes dedicated to preserving freshwater and clean environments.
3. WELLS
You can also apply submersible pumps to usable water. Submersible
pumps can effectively draw water out of wells and into your home or
business for drinkng, cooking, washing, showering and other essential
water functions. With a submersible pump, you can quickly enjoy
freshwater.
BENEFITS OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
Benefits of Submersible Pumps:-
When looking at various water pumps, you might find many have
similar functions or capacities. Understanding the unique advantages
of using a submersible pump can help you determine if this tool might
be right for your home or business. Some benefits include:
Boosting pump efficiency : When planning to pump water for a
project or home use, you can experience higher efficiency with a
submersible pump than with other options. The water pressure and
design help the pump naturally suck in water, causing it to use less
energy. This increased efficiency can help lower energy costs for your
home or business.
Decreasing priming: Some pumps might require extensive care and
setup before you can use them. Because manufacturers designed
submersible pumps to function underwater, you can use them without
any priming. This is another way that using this pump type can help
you increase process efficiency.
Preventing cavitation : Cavitation is when vapor ,bubbles form as
pumps move water, causing delays as administrators have to stop and
wait for them to disappear. The design of subversive pumps prevents
this process from happening in the first place, creating more efficient
coperations with better results.
Eliminating noise: Because submersible pumps function entirely
underwater, the water helps block out the sound of the motor running.
This perk allows homeowners to use them for personal wells or sump
pumps where the pump can function without disturbing their daily
tasks or sleep schedules. Businesses can also use them without
worrying about hearing loss or damage to employees filtering the
water.
TYPES OF SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
Depending on its function, you’ll need to invest in a different type of
submersible pump. As such a versatile tool, you can find many types of
submersible pumps to meet any industry and application. Some
standard versions include:
1. Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP): Most common type, uses
an electric motor to drive the pump.
2. Hydraulic Submersible Pumps: Uses a hydraulic fluid to transmit
power from the surface to the pump.
3. Gas-Driven Submersible Pumps: Uses compressed gas to power
the pump.
4. Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP): Uses a rotor and stator to
create a progressing cavity, ideal for heavy oil and high-viscosity fluids.
5. Submersible Well Pumps: Designed for water wells, irrigation,
and dewatering applications.
6. Submersible Sump Pumps: Used for industrial and commercial
dewatering applications.
7. Submersible Slurry Pumps: Designed for pumping heavy slurries
and abrasive fluids.
8. Submersible Chemical Pumps: Used for chemical injection and
transfer applications.
9. Submersible Water Pumps: Used for water supply, irrigation, and
industrial applications.
10. Submersible Oil Pumps: Used for oil production, oil transfer, and
oil storage applications.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING
MACHINE.
Submersible pumping machines, also known as submersible pumps or
ESPs (Electric Submersible Pumps), are widely used in oil and gas,
water, and other industries. However, they can encounter some
problems, including:
1. Electrical failures: Motor or cable issues can cause the pump to
malfunction or fail.
2. Mechanical failures: Bearing or impeller damage can lead to
pump failure.
3. Corrosion: Exposure to harsh environments can cause corrosion,
affecting the pump's performance and lifespan.
4. Sand or particle ingestion: Pump damage can occur if sand or
particles enter the pump.
5. Overheating: Insufficient cooling or high temperatures can cause
motor failure.
6. Cavitation: Formation of air bubbles can reduce pump efficiency
and lead to damage.
7. Vibration: Excessive vibration can indicate imbalance or
misalignment, potentially causing damage.
8. Seal or packing failures: Fluid leakage can occur due to worn-out
seals or packing.
9. Motor bearing failure: Motor bearings can fail due to overloading,
overheating, or contamination.
10. Control system issues: Problems with the control system can
affect pump operation and performance.
11. Power supply issues: Inconsistent power supply can impact
pump performance and lifespan.
12. Maintenance challenges: Submersible pumps can be difficult to
access and maintain, especially in deep wells or harsh environments.
Regular maintenance, monitoring, and timely repairs can help mitigate
these issues and ensure optimal performance and lifespan of
submersible pumping machines.
NECESSARY REPAIRS TO THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
BY S.P.M.
To address the common problems encountered with submersible
pumping machines, here are the necessary repairs and maintenance
actions:
1. ELECTRICAL FAILURES:
- Motor Issues: Inspect and replace faulty motors. Check and repair
insulation and connections.
- Cable Issues: Inspect cables for wear, cuts, or insulation damage.
Replace or repair damaged cables.
2. MECHANICAL FAILURES:
-Bearing Damage: Replace worn or damaged bearings. Ensure
proper lubrication.
- Impeller Damage: Replace damaged impellers. Inspect for any
obstructions or damage to the pump casing.
3. CORROSION:
- Use corrosion-resistant materials for pump components.
- Apply protective coatings.
- Regularly inspect and replace corroded parts.
4. SAND OR PARTICLE INGESTION:
- Install and maintain filters or screens to prevent sand or particles
from entering the pump.
- Regularly inspect and clean filters/screens.
5. OVERHEATING:
- Ensure proper cooling mechanisms are in place.
- Check for adequate water flow around the motor.
- Inspect and replace thermal protection devices if necessary.
6. CAVITATION:
- Adjust the pump’s operating conditions to avoid low-pressure areas.
- Ensure proper pump submergence.
- Install anti-cavitation devices if needed.
7. VIBRATION:
- Balance and align the pump and motor properly.
- Inspect and tighten mounting bolts and other connections.
- Replace worn or damaged components causing imbalance.
8. SEAL OR PACKING FAILURES:
- Replace worn-out seals or packing.
- Use high-quality sealing materials.
- Regularly inspect and maintain seals and packing.
9. MOTOR BEARING FAILURE:
- Ensure proper lubrication of motor bearings.
- Avoid overloading the pump.
- Regularly inspect and replace bearings as needed.
10. CONTROL SYSTEM ISSUES:
- Inspect and repair control panels and wiring.
- Update or reprogram control systems if needed.
- Ensure proper calibration of sensors and controls.
11. POWER SUPPLY ISSUES:
- Install surge protectors or voltage stabilizers.
- Ensure consistent and adequate power supply.
- Inspect and repair power supply connections.
12. MAINTENANCE CHALLENGES:
- Develop a regular maintenance schedule.
- Use specialized tools and equipment for deep wells or harsh
environments.
- Train personnel on proper maintenance and repair procedures.
Regular monitoring and preventive maintenance are crucial to
identifying potential issues early and ensuring the optimal performance
and lifespan of submersible pumping machines.
PREVENTING MAINTENANCE FOR SUBMERSIBLE
PUMPING MACHINE.
Every machine needs proper maintenance to work smoothly and have
a long life. While the requirement linked to the servicing may differ,
ensuring the adoption of preventive measures can increase the life of
any machine. The same applies to the Submersible Pumps.
The electrically equipped pumps are used in deep water bodies for
drawing water from wells, sewages, pools, irrigation, industrial
pumping, deep well drilling, oil pumping, and even draining water from
flood-prone areas. Being a versatile pump, it is crucial to know the
expert way to handle it and the preventive measures to safeguard
them from damage.
So, let us understand the most common preventive measures you can
adopt for submersible pumps.
When using submersible pumps, you must adopt the right preventive
measures to ensure longevity and better service quality. The most
common preventive measures that you should adopt are as follows:
PUMP LUBRICATION:
Lubrication reduces friction and reduces the chances of wear and tear.
It is important to keep the pumps properly lubricated; for the same,
you can follow the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Also, one
should ensure no over-greasing as it can damage the parts.
CHECKING FOR OVERHEATING:
Even though the pump is submerged under the fluid body, it is
necessary to often check if it is overheated. Overheating can be
caused when the pump is not properly working or even when there is
more pressure on the pump due to conditions like lack of water in the
well for pumping. Keeping a check on such issues can save you from
massive repair costs.
MOTOR INSPECTION:
Checking the working condition of the motor is crucial. Servicing the
motor from time to time increases the efficiency and working of the
pump. Also, a regular inspection will ensure that any damaged part is
replaced on time that might cause issues in the future.
SEAL AND HOSE REPLACEMENTS:
As the seals get eroded over time, it is advised to change them
regularly. Cleaning or replacing the hoses is also important as the
deposit in the inner lining can cause corrosion or hassle with the
normal working of the pump. If you notice signs of deterioration,
replace the same at the earliest.
CHECK FOR NOISE:
Another important checkpoint is the noise of the pump. Stop operating
the motor as soon as you hear a noise, and schedule a pump repair
service immediately. If the pump is making noise, there may not be
enough liquid in the tank, or a component may be clogged or
ineffective.
REGULAR PROFESSIONAL CHECKS:
These checks are to be done following the scheduled checking advised
by the manufacturer. The daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly protocols
are to be strictly followed to have a well-functioning pump. Giving the
professional care that the submersible pump deserves would save
money, power, stress, and the machine itself.
Although these preventive measures can help greatly, regular
professional service is quite important for the upkeep of the
submersible pump. So, let us understand the top reasons that make
the professional servicing of submersible pumps essential.
Why is Professional Service Crucial?
To ensure that the submersible pump work at its best, it is important to
keep an eye out for red flags. Ensuring proper keep-up by adopting
preventive measures is truly important, but at the same time, you
would also need regular professional checks. The top reasons to go for
monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly professional checks are as
follows:
Ensure the system is safe and undamaged by examining its physical
state.
Look closely at the working of the impeller, seals, bearings, valves, and
pump volute.
Analyze the wear and damage to the piping.
Check and resolve the issues linked with leaks or loud noise.
Inspect the floats and sump for cleanliness.
Verify the insulation, fuses, and functionality of electrical components
to ensure they operate as intended.
Ensures that all the safety measures and alarms are in working
condition.
REVOLUTION IN SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING MACHINE.
The revolution in submersible pumping machines has significantly
impacted various sectors, especially agriculture, municipal water
supply, mining, and wastewater management. Key advancements and
their implications include:
1.ENHANCED EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY:
-Improved Design: Modern submersible pumps are designed to
operate more efficiently and with greater reliability. Advanced
materials and better sealing technologies have made these pumps
more resistant to corrosion and wear, extending their lifespan and
reducing maintenance costs.
-Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs): The integration of VFDs
allows for better control of pump speed and performance, leading to
significant energy savings and reduced operational costs.
2.SMART TECHNOLOGIES:
-IoT Integration: The incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT)
technologies enables remote monitoring and control of submersible
pumps. Operators can track performance, detect faults, and perform
predictive maintenance, thereby minimizing downtime and optimizing
performance.
-Automated Systems: Automation has streamlined operations,
allowing for automatic adjustment to varying water levels and flow
requirements, improving efficiency and reducing human intervention.
3. SUSTAINABILITY:
-Energy Efficiency: Innovations in motor and hydraulic design have
increased the energy efficiency of submersible pumps. This not only
reduces operational costs but also contributes to environmental
sustainability by lowering energy consumption.
-Solar-Powered Pumps: Solar-powered submersible pumps are
gaining popularity, especially in remote and off-grid areas. These
pumps provide a sustainable solution for water extraction, reducing
reliance on traditional energy sources.
4.APPLICATION-SPECIFIC ADVANCES:
-Agriculture: In agriculture, submersible pumps have improved
irrigation efficiency, ensuring a reliable water supply for crops and
livestock. This has led to increased agricultural productivity and better
resource management.
-Municipal Water Supply: For municipal water systems,
advancements in submersible pump technology have ensured a
consistent and safe water supply, even in challenging conditions.
-Mining and Industrial Uses: In mining and industrial applications,
robust submersible pumps can handle abrasive and corrosive
materials, providing reliable performance in harsh environments.
5.ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT:
-Wastewater Management: In wastewater treatment, submersible
pumps have revolutionized the handling and processing of sewage,
contributing to better sanitation and environmental protection.
-Cost Reduction: The overall operational and maintenance costs
have been significantly reduced due to the durability and efficiency of
modern submersible pumps.
These advancements have not only enhanced the functionality and
reliability of submersible pumps but also expanded their application
scope, driving a revolution in water management and fluid handling
across various industries.
FACTS ABOUT SUBMERSIBLE PUMPING MACHINE.
Here are some facts about submersible pumping machines ¹:
- Functionality: A submersible pumping machine is a high-power
pump with a hermetically sealed motor coupled to it. The whole
assembly is submerged in water and works by pushing water from the
deep borehole to the surface.
-Popular brands: Popular brands of submersible pumps in Nigeria
include Pedrollo, Interdab, Grundfos, Granac, and SAER.
-Prices: Prices vary based on factors such as brand reputation, power
output, coil type, number of wires, and durability, and built-in features.
-How to choose: When looking to buy a submersible pumping
machine, you need to look beyond price, so you won’t end up making
the wrong choice. A cheap submersible pump will most likely be of low
quality and inadequate for your needs. So, you need to ask a seasoned
borehole engineer about the best brands. Also, you need to figure out
the required power output for your pump. This will depend on the
number of water pipes and fixtures in your home, office or whatever
facility you want to use the machine for. Also, the required power
output of your pumping machine will depend on the diameter as well
as the individual flow pressure of each water outlet in your facility. So,
you can’t just hit the market and choose any pumping machine simply
because its power output is perfect for your generator or its price fits
your budget. If you buy an undersized submersible pumping machine,
it will either work inadequately or you’ll have to spend a lot on frequent
repairs. The depth of your borehole is another factor that determines
what type of submersible pump you will require. The deeper the
borehole, the more powerful your pump should be. For most residential
settings in Nigeria, a 0.5hp pumping machine should be adequate, but
all factors mentioned above must be put into consideration. For
example, a 0.5hp might not suffice for your home or office if your
borehole is too deep, or you have too many water fixtures and outlets.
In that case, you’d have to go for a pump with higher power output.
