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Operators

The document explains the use of SQL operators such as IN, BETWEEN, IS NULL, and IS NOT NULL for querying data from a database. It provides examples of SQL queries that demonstrate how to use these operators to filter results based on specific conditions. Additionally, it highlights the performance advantages of using the IN operator over the OR operator and discusses the behavior of the NOT IN operator with null values.

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mdsamadabdul28
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2 views

Operators

The document explains the use of SQL operators such as IN, BETWEEN, IS NULL, and IS NOT NULL for querying data from a database. It provides examples of SQL queries that demonstrate how to use these operators to filter results based on specific conditions. Additionally, it highlights the performance advantages of using the IN operator over the OR operator and discusses the behavior of the NOT IN operator with null values.

Uploaded by

mdsamadabdul28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1)In operator

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1.In:- It is used to pick the values one by one

===== from list of values.

(or)

it is used to compare column value with list of values.

we can also use in operator in place of OR operator.

when we are retriving multiple values from the same column

in this case In operator performance is very high compared

to OR operator.

.it avoids writing multi equality condition using OR operator.

1.Write a query to display the employees whose are belongs to

20,30,50,70,90 from emp table by using in operator.

A: SELECT * FROM emp WHERE DEPTNO IN (20,30,50,70,90) ;

2.Write a query to display the employee records whose names

are SMITH,JONES,KING from emp table?

A: SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ENAME IN ('SMITH','JONES','KING') ;

3.Write a query to display the employee records whose empnos

are 7902,7788,7900 from emp table?

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE EMPNO IN (7902,7788,7900);


4.Write a query to display the employee records whose sal is 1250,3000,5000 from emp table?

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL IN (1250,3000,5000);

5.Write a query to display the employee records except MANAGERS and CLERKS from emp table?

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE JOB NOT IN ('MANAGER' , 'CLERK');

6.Write a query to display the employees who are belongs to other

than 10,20 from emp table?

SAME AS 5TH ASNEWER

7.SQL>select * from emp

where deptno not in(10,20,null);

o/p:no rows selected

why not in operator does not work with null?

============================================

.not in operator internally uses iogical AND.

Note:- Whenever we are using IN operator then internally database

==== servers uses logical OR.whenever we are using NOT IN operator

then database server internally useslogical AND that's why

NOT IN does not work with null values.

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2)Between And operator

------------------------

2)Between:-This operator is used to retrive range of values from a

========== table column.This operator is also call as Between….. And

operator.

.it is used to compare column values with range of values.


.in oracle Between operator work with number,date data type columns.

1.Write a query to display the employees who are getting salary

between 2000 to 5000 from emp table

by using Between operator?

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE SAL BETWEEN 2000 AND 5000;

2.Write a query to display the employees who are getting salary

not between 2000 - 5000 from emp table

by using Between operator?

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 2000 AND 5000;

3.Write a query to display the employee records who joined

in 1982 from emp table?

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE HIREDATE BETWEEN '1-JAN-1982' AND '31-DEC-

1982';

4.Write a query to display the employee records except joined

in 1981 from emp table?

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE HIREDATE NOT BETWEEN '1-JAN-1982' AND '31-

DEC-1982';

5 What is the o/p of the following

select ename,sal from emp where sal Between 5000 and 2000;

A.displays between 2000 & 5000 salaries

B.Error

C.No rows selected

D.None
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3)is null and is not null

-----------------------

These two operators used in where clause only.These two

operators are used to test weather a column having null

values or not.

.for null comparision we must use is null operator.dont use = operator.

1.Write a query to display the employees who are not getting

commission from emp table?

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;

2.Write a query to display the employees who are getting commission

from emp table?

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NOT NULL;

3.Write a query to display the employee record who are not having

the manager from emp table?

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE 'MANAGER' IS NULL;

SQL>SELECT * FROM EMP

WHERE MGR IS NULL;

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