“Year of Unity, Peace and Development”

PRIVATE TECHNOLOGICAL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTE

“DANIEL ALCIDES CARRION”

MONOGRAPH

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH CENTERS

PRIMARY MENTAL HEALTH CARE, PORTFOLIO

OF SERVICES

SUBJECT : Mental Health

SPECIALTY : Technical Nursing

TEACHING : Veliz Vasquez, Hector Magno

: -Ayma Inga ,Angela k.
MEMBERS
-Huayanay Palomino,
Yessica

-Ore Ventura, Angel

-Valdivia Murga,Lorenza

-Yulma Perez Maloayza

SECTION : 6NET21-18

LIMA- PERU
2023
INDEX
Dedication
Introduction

Chapter I

General Aspects
1.1 Definition Mental health centers
1.2 Definition of Primary Health Care
1.3 Definition of Service Portfolio

Chapter II

2.1. Services provided by Community Mental Health Centers

2.1.1.Prevention and control services for problems and disorders in childhood and
adolescence.
2.2.2.Services for the prevention and control of problems and disorders in adults and the
elderly.
2.2.3.Addiction prevention and control service.
2.2.4. Social and community participation service
2.2.5.Pharmacy service

Chapter III

3.1. Characteristics of Community Mental Health Centers

3.2. Advantages and disadvantages of community mental health centers
3.2.1 Advantages
3.2.2 . Disadvantages
3.3. Importance of Community Mental Health Centers

Chapter IV

4.1. Functions of specialized mental health services

4.1.1 Communication in mental health
4.1.2 Recovering mental health and well-being

Conclusions
Suggestions
Bibliographic references
 DEDICATION

We dedicate this work to the teachers of the Daniel Alcides Carrión

Institute. For their professionalism
and dedication to the teachings they provide us. And they are always
supporting us throughout our entire student journey,
and we hope that you like it since we made it
with a lot of love and care.
 INTRODUCTION

The approach to mental health in primary care is based on a community approach that
emphasizes promotion, prevention, social participation, the organization of health services,
links with other services and the recovery of people in their environment.

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological and social well-being. Mental health is
important at all stages of life, from childhood and adolescence to adulthood and old age.

Mental health problems are characterized by the work of multidisciplinary teams that are part
of a network of community-centered public services, continuity of care and assistance, a
culture of joint work with the primary health level and the development of intersectoral
programs.

One of its main contributions is the relevance acquired by intersectoral policies for the
promotion of mental health and the prevention of mental disorders, placing special emphasis
on the empowerment of citizens (patients, family members and the general population), by
assuming a greater capacity for self-management in all aspects related to their health.

In the context of mental health, the word empowerment refers to the degree of choice,
influence and control that users of mental health services can exercise over the events that
occur in their lives, an aspect that is conditioned by the possibilities of transforming power
relations between individuals, communities, services and organizations.
Chapter I
General Aspects
1 .1 Definition of Mental Health Centers
It is an outpatient health facility, differentiated and providing specialized care to
resolve mental problems and disorders of medium to high complexity. Additionally, it
provides technical assistance to the network and microgrids of a given territory.

1 .2 Definition of Primary Care in Mental Health

Primary mental health care is the practical means of making essential health care
available to all individuals and families in a community in a manner that is acceptable and
proportionate to their resources and is fully based on a community approach that emphasizes
promotion, prevention, social participation, the organization of health services, linkage with
other services and the recovery of people in their environment. Proposes a transition from the
confinement of people with mental problems in psychiatric hospitals, towards dignified and
quality care in the community

1.3 Definition of Service Charter

Service letters are documents that explain the services offered by organizations or
companies, as well as the quality commitments they assume in their provision. It is an
instrument designed to inform about all issues related to the service.

Chapter II

2.1. Services provided by Community Mental Health Centers

2.1.1.Prevention and control services for problems and disorders in childhood and
adolescence.

It offers alternatives for the prevention and control of problems and disorders in childhood
and adolescence during their development, such as: autism, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, childhood depression, detection of first psychotic episodes, eating disorders, mental
retardation and child abuse, among others.
Some examples:
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders in childhood and
can continue into adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty concentrating and
paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity.
Treatment can relieve many of the symptoms of this disorder, but there is no cure.
• Conduct Disorders
This disorder involves behaviors in which the child
lies, steals, fights, or bullies other children. The child
destroys other people's property, breaks into other
people's houses to steal, or carries a weapon that he
or she might not use. These children or young people
are also at greater risk of using illegal harmful
substances.
• Bipolar Disorder in Children
Bipolar spectrum disorder is rare among children. But parents concerned about their children's
behavior can point to potential warning signs.
2.2.2.Services for the prevention and control of problems and disorders in adults and the
elderly.

Throughout life, there are many social, psychological and biological factors that determine
people's mental health. In addition to the general causes of stress that everyone faces, many
older adults are deprived of the ability to live independently due to mobility difficulties,
chronic pain, frailty or other mental or physical problems, so they need long-term assistance.
Specialized care for adults and older adults with problems such as: depression, anxiety,
psychosis, gender violence, personality disorders, dementia, eating disorders, among others.
• Dementia

It is a syndrome characterized by decreased memory and thinking ability, behavioral disorders

and inability to perform daily life activities. It mainly affects the elderly, but is not a normal
part of old age.
• Depression

Depression can cause great suffering and disrupt daily life. Unipolar depression affects 7% of
the elderly population in general and accounts for 5.7% of years lived with a disability among
people aged 60 years and older. In primary health care facilities, depression is neither
diagnosed nor treated as it should be.
• Treatment and care strategies

It is important that health care providers and society as a whole pay attention to the special
needs of older population groups by taking the following measures:

• Training of health professionals in caring for the elderly;

• Prevention and care of chronic diseases that accompany old age.
 2.2.3.Addiction prevention and control service.

Provides care and develops outpatient rehabilitation programs for addictions at different ages.
Among these addictions are dependence on alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, among others.
2.2.4. Social and community participation service

Encourage your participation as an individual, as a group, or as a member of a community or

organization to which you belong within the same territory where the Community Mental
Health Center is located. This allows you to participate more in the prevention, detection,
treatment and rehabilitation activities of mental health problems in your own community. This
service coordinates with other institutions the needs of individuals, families and the
community.
2.2.5.Pharmacy service.

It offers mental health medications free of charge to people

through the Comprehensive Health Insurance (SIS) and at
affordable prices, according to the Minsa price list, to those
people who have another type of insurance. If you do not have
any insurance, join the SIS.

Chapter III

3.1. Characteristics of Community Mental Health Centers

□ It is communal because it highlights the importance of personal, family and

institutional ties that people who live in the same territory have and that can promote or
hinder the appearance and resolution of psychological suffering.
□ International health organizations point out that both for high-income and low-income
countries, community-based approaches should be a priority, especially from a public
health perspective.
□ Community mental health is an objective, both individual and of the entire population
of a territory, and requires a specific work methodology, which involves sharing tasks
and intentions with other resources in the territory itself, including health, social,
labour, associations, institutions of various kinds, etc.
□ Particularly important is the participation of family associations and, in essential order,
user associations, associations in the first person, which must participate as
protagonists in the planning of services according to their needs.
□ It covers the problems of children and adolescents, adults and old age, as well as the
areas of mental disorders and addictions.

3.2. Advantages and disadvantages of community mental health centers

3.2.1 Advantages

• Provides specialized care to adults and seniors with problems such as: depression,
anxiety, psychosis, gender violence, personality disorders, dementia, eating disorders,
among others.

3.2.2 . Disadvantages
 • Withdrawal from friends and activities. Significant fatigue, low energy and sleep
problems. Disconnection from reality (delusions), paranoia, or hallucinations. Inability
to cope with the problems or stress of daily life.

3.3. Importance of Community Mental Health Centers

According to the Ministry of Health, one in five Peruvians will be affected by a mental
disorder every year. This is one of the main reasons why Community Mental Health Centers
have been implemented.

Community Mental Health Centers aim to provide comprehensive care to all people with
emotional problems or mental illnesses.

This means that these hospitals have psychiatrists, psychologists, family doctors, nurses,
social workers, speech therapists and pharmaceutical chemists. All the professionals needed to
help patients recover as quickly as possible and return to their normal lives.

“There are more than 150 centers around Peru. The goal is to open around 300 by the
Bicentennial.”

Chapter IV

4.1. Functions of specialized mental health services

Community Mental Health Centres offer specialised outpatient care to users with serious or
complex mental disorders or psychosocial problems.

They have multidisciplinary professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social

workers, medical technologists and nursing technicians.

These centers provide the following services:

• Service for the prevention and control of problems and disorders in childhood and
adolescence

It offers alternatives for the prevention and control of problems and disorders in childhood
and adolescence during their development, such as: autism, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, childhood depression, detection of first psychotic episodes, eating disorders, mental
retardation and child abuse, among others.

• Prevention and control service for problems and disorders of adults and the elderly

It offers specialized care to adults and older adults with problems such as: depression, anxiety,
psychosis, gender violence, personality disorders, dementia, eating disorders, among others.
4.1.1 Communication in mental health

Communication is a complex process, difficult to describe in all its dimensions, which

involves two or more individuals and transcends conscious desires and their will to transmit a
simple message. In each interaction, individual, family and cultural elements come into play,
which are transmitted through generations and, at the same time, are in constant
transformation because they are nourished by each new contact.
Why it is important to communicate about mental health.

Communication is a fundamental aspect in social organizations and it must be given the

importance and dedication it requires. Communication helps us achieve:

• A change in the attitude of citizens, through campaigns, actions and messages that
promote social change and persuade others to modify or abandon attitudes and
behaviors that do not contribute to the integration of people with mental illnesses, or
to their quality of life.
• The trust of people (citizens, public institutions, health organizations) as the basis for
our work. To build it, it is necessary to know how to communicate what we do and
what we want in a clear and transparent way. • Support to have economic resources
and an involved and active social base, which gives life and drive to our entity.

Misinformation and prejudice remain one of the main barriers preventing people with mental
disorders from enjoying the same opportunities as the rest of the population. Thus, good
communication is presented as an essential tool to achieve the objectives of defending the
rights of people with mental health problems and ensuring the development of the work
carried out by entities.

The child, from his first interactions with caregivers, is assimilating this intersubjective reality
that will build his mind, nuance the reading he makes of his own mental states and those of
others, and condition his behavior, producing effects in his environment that in turn will form
part of the socially constructed reality.

4.1.2 Recovering mental health and well-being

Mental health recovery, in contrast to the concepts of cure or remission, sometimes even
involves exacerbation of symptoms, since for people who have been deprived of a full life,
facing everyday life again can be hard, but necessary. Therefore, recovery is not linear; there
are ups and downs that are part of the process. The main thing is to understand that for many
people the worst thing is not the ups and downs of the symptoms but the social consequences.
The disorder is real, but we must give each person a chance to live life even with limitations
as we do with other disabilities.

Recovery is possible – most people with mental health problems can get better. Treatment and
recovery are ongoing processes that occur over time. The first step is to ask for help.

Recovery from mental and/or substance abuse disorders is a process of change in which many
people:

• Improve your health and well-being

• They live according to their desires
• They strive to reach their full potential

The four dimensions of recovery

• Health: Informed and healthy decisions that contribute to your physical and emotional
well-being.
• Home: Have a stable and safe place to live.
• Purpose: Engage in meaningful daily activities, such as working or studying,
volunteering, caring for your family, or being creative. Work to achieve your
independence, have income and resources to participate in society.
• Community: Build relationships and social networks that support you.
Conclusions

We believe that in order to achieve efficient and quality organisation of mental health care, a
specific Planning, Management and Financing Service is necessary. In addition, the
mechanisms for coordination between the assistance devices of the mental health network and
the coordination with community resources (social, educational, judicial) must be
strengthened and regulated, as provided for in the General Health Law.

We believe that this Service must be integrated into the organizational chart of the Health
Departments and under their responsibility, which implies fully assuming the management of
mental health care that they now share with Provincial Councils and Social Services, as well
as the control of agreements with associations and institutions or private organizations.

On the other hand, if planning is to be carried out appropriately, it is essential to implement a

data and information collection system that will allow the development of epidemiological
studies, as well as to understand the real needs of the population for mental health care, and to
develop prevention and mental health promotion programs.

Suggestions

□ keep a positive mind

□ do physical activity
□ Practice gratitude
□ Connecting with others
□ Developing meaning and purpose in life
□ Develop coping skills:
□ Meditation:
□ Relaxation techniques
Literature
• Ministry of Health Ministerial Resolution No. 099-2014/MINSA, Administrative
Directive No. 197-MINSA-2016 Health Services Portfolio.
• https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/197499-099-2014-minsa
• National Institute of Statistics and Informatics of Peru estimates and projections
of the population
https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indicetematico/population-estimates-and-
projectionhttps://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indicetematico/population-estimates-
and-projectionhttps://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indicetematico/population-
estimates-and-projection
• Ministry of Health Supreme Decree No. 005-2021-SA, which approves the
Regulations of Law No. 30421, Telehealth Framework Law, and Legislative
Decree No. 1490, Legislative Decree that strengthens the scope of Telehealth in
Health Sector establishments
nationwide.https://www.gob.pe/institucion/presidencia/normas-legales/sahttps://
www.gob.pe/institucion/presidencia/normas-legales/sa.
• https://es.slideshare.net/dangerous7/rol-del-centro-de-salud-mental-comunitario
• https://www.studocu.com/latam/document/universidad-autonoma-de-santo-domi
ngo/salud-y-conducta-humana/atencion-primaria-y-salud-mental/20322895
• https://www.paho.org/es/temas/salud-mental-atencion-primaria#:~:text=El%20a
bordaje%20de%20la%20salud,las%20personas%20en%20su%20entorno