Parts of Car

Car Front View Car Rear(Back) View

 Different
Types of
Car Mirrors
 Different Types of Car Mirrors: Functions and Features
Driving a vehicle involves a lot of responsibility.
One of the most important aspects of driving is ensuring safety by maintaining visibility around the vehicle.
Car mirrors are crucial for this purpose. There are several types of car mirrors, each with its own function and
features. Understanding these car mirror types is essential for safe and informed driving.
Importance Level
Type of Mirror Features Function (1-5)
Anti-Glare or • Monitor traffic behind;
1.Rear View Mirrors Auto-Dimming • decisions for lane changes or reversing or 5
slowing down
• Eliminate blind spots;
2.Side View Mirrors Convex Glass 5
• view sides of car and road behind

Automotive Mirrors in • Enhance illumination;

Integrated into headlights 3
Headlights • focused light for better nighttime or low-light driving

• Wider angle of vision;

Convex Mirrors Expanding field of view 4
• reduce blind spots
Improved reflection for tasks like parking or
Concave Mirrors Magnified view 2
navigating tight spaces
 1.Rear View Mirrors (Interior Mirror)
(Safety and Visibility)
• The Rear View Mirror, is one of the most essential vehicle mirrors.
Convex Mirror
• It is typically mounted on the windshield or the dashboard on a rotate
mount allowing it to be freely rotated and helps the driver monitor
the traffic behind the vehicle through rear wind screen.

• The primary function of the rear view mirror is to provide a clear

view of the area behind the vehicle, helping the driver make informed
decisions while changing lanes or reversing.

• Some rear view mirrors come with an anti-glare or auto-dimming

feature, which reduces the reflection of headlights from vehicles
behind you at night.
This is especially important for the driver’s view as it prevents
temporary blindness caused by bright lights.
Adjustment of Rear View Mirror Note:
The Rear View Mirror is adjusted Manually or By Remote to obtain the
It is important to note that objects in a
best view.
Vertical and Horizontal Adjustments are made to provide better view to convex mirror may appear smaller and farther
drivers of differing heights and seated position. away than they actually are as when seen in the
plain mirror
 2. Side View Mirrors (Exterior Mirror)
(Eliminating Blind Spots)

• Side View Mirrors, also known as Door Mirrors or Fender

Mirrors, are mounted on both sides doors of the vehicle. Convex Mirror

• These mirrors are essential for eliminating blind spots that are
not visible in the rear view mirror.

• The passenger side mirror and the driver’s side view mirror
help in viewing the sides of the car and the road behind.

• Convex mirrors are often used as side view mirrors as they

expand the field of view, allowing the driver to see a larger
area. Plain Mirror

Adjustment of Side View Mirror Note:

The Side View Mirror is adjusted Manually or By Remote It is important to note that objects in a
to obtain the best view. convex mirror may appear smaller and farther
Vertical and Horizontal Adjustments are made to provide better view to away than they actually are as when seen in the
drivers of differing heights and seated position. plain mirror
 Automotive Mirrors in Headlights
( Enhanced Illumination )

• Automotive Mirrors in “Headlights” are a relatively New Innovation.

• These are small mirrors integrated into the headlights of the vehicle.
• They help in enhancing the illumination by reflecting the light from the headlights in a more
focused manner.
• This improves the driver’s view of the road ahead, especially during night time or in low-light
conditions.

Automotive
Mirrors

Explanation:
1.Concave Mirrors are used in the headlights of cars to produce a parallel
beam of light covering a longer distance on the road.
2.The bulb is placed at the focus point of the mirror because the light rays
that pass through the focus of a concave mirror get reflected as rays
parallel to the principal axis of the mirror.
3.This produces a high beam of reflected light and makes the road clearly
visible to the driver.
 Convex Mirrors
(Expanding Field of View)
A Mirror is a surface that reflects almost all cases of light.
Mirrors come in two types: those with a flat surface, known as Plane Mirrors, and those with a curved surface, called
Spherical Mirrors.
Here, we will explore two specific Types of Spherical Mirrors: Convex Mirrors and Concave Mirrors.
• Convex Mirrors are a specific type of mirror commonly used as side view
mirrors on vehicles.
Convex Mirrors
• The primary advantage of Convex Mirrors is their ability to expand the
field of view, providing the driver with a more comprehensive look at the
sides of the car and the road behind.

• Convex Glass in these mirrors allows for a wider angle of vision,

effectively reducing blind spots.

• However, it’s crucial to remember that objects in a Convex Mirror can

appear smaller and more distant than they actually are. This is why it’s
essential to use them in combination with other types of car mirrors for a
full understanding of your surroundings.
 Concave Mirrors:
(Improved Reflection and Focus)
• Concave Mirrors are less commonly used in automotive applications but
offer unique advantages. These mirrors focus light and provide a magnified
view, which can be beneficial for specific tasks like parking or navigating
through tight spaces.

• Unlike Convex Mirrors, Concave Mirrors make objects appear larger and
closer, improving the driver’s ability to judge distances.

• However, their limited field of view makes them less suitable for general
driving conditions.

• It’s rare to find Concave Mirrors as standard vehicle mirrors, but they can
be found in specialized applications or aftermarket modifications.
Types of Car Lights and Their Functions
 Types of Car Lights and Their Functions
A car’s various lights have specific functions to either help the driver or to signal to other drivers.
When used improperly, or not at all, accidents can happen.
This is why it is extremely important to be able to recognize the different lamps and know when to use them.
1. Daytime Running Lights (WHITE): These lights are located in both the Front and
Rear of the car and generally turn on automatically; although in some cars you do have
an option to turn them off. They are designed to make you more visible to other vehicles.
2. Fog Lights (YELLOW): Fog Lights or Fog Lamps function to illuminate foggy road
areas. They are present on the Front Side of the car. As the name implies, this lamp will
help the driver to see the streets filled with fog. In order to be able to illuminate the
surface of the road to the fullest, the fog lamp is mounted on the bottom bumper with
bright yellow rays.
Besides the front fog lamp, some cars are also equipped with Rear Fog Lamp with bright
Red Light. Its function is to give a signal to the driver behind the presence of his car in a
foggy area.
Headlights (WHITE) : There are two types of headlights—Low Beam and High Beam.
They are present on the Front Side of the car.
These lights allow the driver to see the roadway in the dark,
while also signaling to other motorists that a car is present.
3. Low Beams (WHITE) provide a light distribution to give adequate forward and lateral
illumination without blinding other road users with excessive glare.
4. High Beams (WHITE) provide an intense, center-weighted distribution of light with no
particular control of glare and should only be used when there are no visible cars in front of
you (coming or going).
 Types of Car Lights and Their Functions
5. Brake Lights (RED): The function of the brake light is to signal to the driver
behind that the car is braking. They are present at the Rear of the car.
The brake lights will glow bright red, brighter than the tail lights. So when the light is
on, the driver behind is also preparing to brake. This will prevent the occurrence of
miss communication between drivers on the road. The brake light voltage is greater
than the tail lamp voltage. So that the lights will also increase when the brake lights
are activated
6. Turn Signal Lamp or Indicator Light (ORANGE):
or Indicator Light
The function of turn signal is to signal to other road users that our car will turn in
one indicated direction. This light will glow orange, because it is identical to warning
and caution. They are present on the Front Side and the Rear Side of the car.
Turn signal, can flicker because there is a flasher as an additional component that will
cause a flip-flop effect on the voltage entering the lamp
Light 7. Tail Lamp/Stop Lamp/ Rear Night Light (RED):
Stop lamp or Tail lamp or Rear Night Light located on the back of the car.
or Rear Night Light
This light will turn on when the dusk(night) light is ON, meaning that the tail lights
and dusk(night) lights have one switch. Its function is also to help other drivers
behind to realize the existence of a car.
The light of this tail lamp, red but rather dim (dimmer than the brake light).
8. Hazard Lights (YELLOW):
Hazard Lights are also blinking yellow lights. But the difference is, the hazard light
will blink all four turn signal (right left) simultaneously.
The function of hazard lights is as a danger sign, or indicates that the car is in an
emergency. This lamp is often turned on when a car delivers an emergency, or some
other emergency
 Types of Car Lights and Their Functions
9. Lamp Backwards (YELLOW) : The backlight is a lamp that serves as a marker that the car will move backwards.
This lamp is located at the back of the car, with whitish yellow rays.
The backlight, will turn on automatically when we position the transmission lever to the reverse position.
10. Cabin Lights (YELLOW): Cabin lights are located inside the interior. Its function is to illuminate the car cabin at night. But the cabin
lights are yellow and dim. This is because the light of the cabin lights that are too bright can interfere with the driver’s view behind our car.
11. Parking Lights (WHITE & RED ): Parking lights should be left ON while parking the vehicle on the road, so that, the vehivle clearly
visible to avoid accidents.
When the parking lights are switched ON, 2 REAR WHITE PARKING LIGHTS ,2 REAR RED LIGHTS AND 1 REGISTRATION
LIGHT ABOVE THE NUMBER PLATE GLOWS.

Decreasing Traffic Accidents Through the Proper Use of Car Lights

Drivers have a duty to operate their vehicles in a manner that keeps other drivers safe.
If a driver neglects that duty and causes an accident, they can be held liable for any harm that results.
Safe operation of a vehicle includes using CAR lights properly.
A Comprehensive CHART To Dashboard “WARNING LIGHTS”

WARNING BOARD:
It should always be displayed in case of breakdown of the car on the Road.
 Traffic Signs or Road Signs (Pictorial Signs)
Traffic Signs or Road Signs are signs raised at the side of roads to provide information to road users.
Pictorial signs are used as symbols in place of words and are meant for safety of the road users.
As control devices for traffic, signs need full attention, respect and adequate driver's response.
There are three basic types of traffic signs:-

Note:
Circles give orders, Triangles warn and Rectangles inform.
 Mandatory Signs (Signs that give Orders.)

STOPPING SIGNS

Red Rings or Circles give a negative instruction (what must not be done)

No Parking No Stopping

Blue Circles give a positive

instruction (what must be done)
Cautionary Signs (Signs that give Warnings.)
Informative Signs (Signs that give Information.)

Rectangular Signs give information and Directions