E3S Web of Conferences 125, 12 0 0 1 (2019) https://doi.org/10.
1051/e3sconf/201912512001
ICENIS 2019
A Simple Homemade Electrospinning for Nanoscale Fibres
Production
Ngurah Ayu Ketut Umiati1,*, V.G.S. Kadarisman1, Agus Subagio1, Kunto Wandono2
1Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia
2 Hakaku, Commanditaire Vennootschap, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract. A high technology often is required by electrospinning device to produce a nanoscale fibre. This
requirement results in difficulties to get the device simple design and operate with reasonable price. This
paper presents the work to implement design of the electrospinning system. This electrospinning system
consists of a main construction body, an electrical power supply to provide a voltage source direct current
form, a syringe pump and a flat collector. The main body are made of acrylic with knockdown construction
since acrylic is an easy material to shape. The power supply has a simple main single switch with high ferite
transformer to produce high dc voltage through a diode – capacitor filtering. A used medical syringe has
been modified as an injection pump to spray the materials into fibre form. A simple flat metal has been
reconstructed to be electrode – ground collector to receive fibre product. The test was carried out using
polyaniline materials. The general parameters in the production process are resolution of the spraying rate
µℓ / minute and the power supply provide electricity in kiloVolt. The result of fibre production observed by
using SEM shows that the electrospinning device successfully produces fibres on a nanometer scale.
Keywords: Electrospinning, Nanofibre, Synthesize
1 Introduction obtain nanofibre polyaniline continues to grow,
including for humidity sensor applications [8], tissue
Electrospinning is a spinning technique using an culture of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) [9]
electrostatic force approach to produce fibre from a and sensors [10].
polymer solution or fused. The fibres produced from this The main part of the electrospinning device consists of a
method have a diameter range from nano to micrometers high-voltage direct current (DC) source, a spinneret tube,
and a wider surface area than conventional spinning a small diameter needle, and a metal collector plate [4,
methods[1]. This method is in great demand because it 11]. Positive electrodes are connected to the tip of the
can control production, fibre structure, porosity, needle and negative electrodes are connected to the fibre
orientation and dimensions of the fibre produced [2]. collector or vice versa. The positive end of the voltage
The electrospinning method is very effective for source is connected to the tip of the tip so that the
producing nanoscale fibres using polymer solutions as solution will be positively charged. The negative end
bait [3][4]. However, this process is strongly influenced (ground) of the voltage source is connected to the
by various factors including the distance of the capillary collector's part, as a place to capture the formed fibre.
pipe (spinneret) to the collector plate made of metal, the In this work, the design of electrospinning equipment for
needle diameter on the spinneret used, the viscosity of fabricating nanofibre material was carried out.
the solution, and the supply of high voltage used [5]. Electrospinning equipment made with a syringe pump
Those influence factors have made the design of design can be filled by more than one syringe. The type
electrospinning must be carried out by using a high of collector used is a collector stand. The development of
technology manufacturing process. an electrospinning system is carried out using raw
This electrospinning method has also been used to make materials and local components on the market. The
polyaniline nanofibre. Shahi et.al (2011) add poly (vinyl material used for testing is polyaniline (PANI) with a
alcohol) (PVA) to polyaniline obtained from oxidative mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Characterization of
chemical polymerization to produce polyaniline the nanofibre morphological structure was carried out
nanofibre using the electrospinning method [6]. The using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
addition of biosensor amperometric on nanofibre Electrospinning that has been made is expected to
polyaniline was also carried out using the produce nanofibre material that can be applied in various
electrospinning method. The previous polyaniline fields
nanofibre was also obtained from the electrospinning
method [7]. The use of the electrospinning method to
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 125, 12 0 0 1 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912512001
ICENIS 2019
2 Method that is applied to a sample of polymer solutions to make
small diameter fibres. The power supply took voltage
Stages of research include the preparation stage, the from the grid in 220 Volt and converted the DC output
design and manufacture stages, and the testing phase. voltage in the ranges of 0 - 30 kV. Figure 2 shows the
a. Preparation stage power supply for electrospinning device.
Preparation stage in the form of preparation of
materials and equipment needed. Some of the main
ingredients used are high voltage power supply,
syringe pump covering permanent magnet DC motor,
motor controller, mechanic part, and cashing,
collector part including permanent magnet DC
motor, motor controller, cashing and wiring, casing
part made from acrylic material, and test material
covering polyaniline, PVA and distilled water
b. Design and manufacture stages
The electrospinning device contains a spinneret made
from a type of hypodermic syringe needle connected
to an electric source, syringe pumps, and grounded
collector. Figure 1 below shows the electronic circuit
of electrospinning device. Fig. 2. Electric power supply electrospinning machine.
c. Testing phase An injection pump made from medical syringe is as a
There are three steps in the fabrication of nanofibre solution sprayer injection pump with a controlled flow
polymers using the electrospinning method. Those rate. Syringe pump flow rates can be adjusted in the
steps are (i) converting doped polymers to dedoped range of 100 L / minute to 600 L / minute. The standard
polymers, (ii) making electrospinning feed solutions volume syringe is 10 mL with an installed capacity of
and (iii) electrospinning processes. The polymer about 3 syringes as it is shown in Figure 3.
material used is PANI which is doped with 1M HCl
and PVA. Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) was
used to observe the fibre product.
Fig. 3. Syringe electrospinning pump.
Collector was made in the form of flat metal material
with a distance setting of 3 – 20cm. Figure 4 shows the
shape of the collector.
Fig. 1. High Voltage electronic circuit for electrospinning
device.
3 Results and Discussion
In this chapter, the implementation of design scheme in
Figure 1 is provided. The production of polyaniline
nanofibre is presented as the output of electrospinning.
3.1. Implementation of Design
The design and manufacture of electrospinning machines Fig. 4. Electrospinning device collector.
have been successfully made. This device consists of an
automatic injection pump and an electrical power source
2
E3S Web of Conferences 125, 12 0 0 1 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912512001
ICENIS 2019
3.2. Fibre Material as A sample of Nanofibre
Product
During initial preparation for production test, a Polyvinyl
Alcohol (PVA) was mixed with aquadestilata (H2O) with
a ratio of 1:10 (wt%). Preparations of the prepared
ingredients were inserted into the syringe for
electrospinning. The spraying process was executed at a
speed of 6 µℓ / minute and the positive high voltage pole
was connected to the needle syringe. The electrostatic
field of the collector connected to the negative pole
sprayed the solution until the product becomes a small-
sized fibre. Figure 5 shows the results of a macro PVA
fibre photo using an SEM.
Fig. 6. Results of SEM electrospun polyaniline with a dopant
concentration of HCl 1 M.
From the results above it can be seen that the general
parameters needed for the manufacture of
electrospinning machines are resolution of the spraying
rate of the solution in µℓ/minute and the amount of high
voltage power source in kiloVolt (kV). The homemade
electrospinning has successfully provided the rate of
spraying the solution in µℓ/minute and the injected
voltage in order of kilo Volt to produce fibre
morphology in nanometer diameter
4 Conclusion
Fig. 5. Photograph of PVA electrospinning 1:10 (wt%)..
The electrospinning system has been implemented with
In the next fibre material test, polyaniline is used. the main body in the form of an acrylic chamber, an
Polyaniline solution is made by mixing polyaniline into electrical power supply to generate a constant dc high
DMSO solvent. To facilitate the solubility of polyaniline voltage dc, an adjustable syringe pump, and flat
nanofibre in DMSO solvents, the influence of HCl must collector. Electrospinning tests have been successfully
be removed. The effect of HCl was removed by carried out by using polymer material. The main
converting polyaniline from doped polyaniline to parameter such as the spraying rate of the solution in µℓ
undoped by washing using NH3 solution [11]. In this / minute and constant injected voltage in kiloVolt for
process, the NH3 molar used is proportional to the molar producing nanofibre has been provided by the proposed
dopant HCl used. After obtaining undoped polyaniline, a electrospinning device. Observation using SEM shows
5% wt polyaniline solution was made with DMSO that the fibre produced by electrospinning device in this
solvent. The feed solution was a PVA solution with a work was in a nanometer scale
concentration of 10% wt. In the next process, a 5%
polyaniline-DMSO solution is mixed with 10% PVA. Our thanks go to DIPA PNBP 2018 budget year with an
The electrospinning process was carried out by using agreement contract Number: 1756 I /UN7.5.8/PG/2018 which
constant injection voltage at 15 kV and a syringe needle has funded this research.
of 0.5 mm for 30 minutes. The distance between the tip
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