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6. , . [3 ]

① $6 ② $10 ③ $11 ④ $12 ⑤ $16

7. , .
1. , ①
. ②
① ③
② ④
③ ⑤
④
⑤ 8. ,
.
2. , . ① ② ③
① . ④ ⑤
② .
③ . 9. Guppy , .
④ . ① .
⑤ . ② .
③ .
3. , . ④ 40~60 .
① . ⑤ .
② .
③ . 10. , .
④ .
⑤ . Parking Lot
Place Distance Location Price
4. , . ① A 3 minutes Indoors $5 per hour
② B 2 minutes Indoors $10 per hour
③ C 10 minutes Outdoors Free
④ D 7 minutes Outdoors $8 per hour
③ ⑤ E 4 minutes Outdoors $3 per hour
②

⑤ ④ 11. ,
① .
① The lost and found box is on the shelf behind you.
② Thank you for finding this watch. I appreciate it.
③ Of course. Put down your phone number right here.
④ We found that watch a couple of hours ago at the cafe.
⑤ If you go across the street, they might sell watches there.

5. , 12. ,
. .

① ① Can I reserve the room for the entire day?

② ② Of course. Can I show you my driver’s license?
③ ③ I’ll need the room on Friday from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m.
④ ④ I have to work on a project with my classmates.
⑤ ⑤ This will be my fourth time reserving this room.

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13. , 18. ?
. Dear Ms. Fabian,
Woman: According to our records, the June edition of Parenting Monthly
is the last installment of your 12-month subscription. On behalf
① Do you think I can pass the last test? of everyone at Parenting Monthly, I would like to thank you for
② I could really use your help on this test. choosing our magazine. I sincerely hope that you have enjoyed
③ When does the exchange program start? reading the articles and features in our magazine over the last year.
Furthermore, I hope that you will continue to do so in the future.
④ That would be great. Thanks for offering.
In order to further encourage you, I’d like to offer you, as a current
⑤ I will study really hard for my test tomorrow. customer, a 15% discount on your next 12-month subscription. This
exclusive offer is only available until the last day of your current
agreement, so be sure to act quickly. In order to take advantage
14. , of this opportunity, call one of our friendly customer assistance
agents at 555-090-780.
. [3 ]
Sincerely yours, Janette Rhodes
Man:

① Do you have any idea who I am?

② This soup has a unique taste to it.
③ Oh, my bad. That was my mistake.
④ May I have some beverages, please? 19. ‘I’ ?
⑤ I want to speak with the manager right now. My husband and I have been married for 25 years, and we’re
supposed to celebrate the silver anniversary. But yesterday I
realized my wedding ring was missing. That ring is my most
valuable possession. It wasn’t entirely expensive, but it holds
15. , Kate Mr. Walker
a countless number of bitter and sweet memories with my
. [3 ] husband. I was afraid that he would be disappointed at my
Kate: having lost the precious ring. I anxiously searched everywhere,
thinking when my left hand is wet or cold, the ring tends
① I can pick you up at the airport. to be a bit loose. I thoroughly checked the kitchen first, and
② I got hungry after the plane ride. then checked anything I touched, opened, or carried. I couldn’t
③ How long were you on the plane? find the ring anywhere. However it was only when I lay down
exhausted on the floor that I looked sideways to find my ring
④ I will be late due to bad weather.
shining under the bed. I thought to myself, “Oh, thank God!
⑤ Did you wait for me for a long time? Now I’m ready to celebrate our anniversary.”
① embarrassed → curious ② frustrated → excited
③ annoyed → proud ④ confused → indifferent

[16~17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

⑤ worried → relieved
20. ?
16. ? You should learn to think generally about a problem, like
① numerous benefits of gardening a scientist scanning a problem area for clues. Let it speak to
you. ‘Whatever the ultimate object of his work,’ wrote Hazel
② hobbies that help get rid of stress
Rossotti, in Introducing Chemistry, “the experimental chemist’s
③ unique ways of exercising at home immediate aim is to ask suitable questions of the sensible bodies
④ how to get rid of bugs in your garden he is studying and to let them answer for themselves. It is
⑤ foods to avoid to maintain a healthy diet the chemist’s job to observe and report the answers with minimal
distortion; only then can he attempt to interpret them.” These
attitudes, a proper detachment and objectivity, are relevant to
creative thinkers in the conscious phases of their work. It is
17. ? so easy to introduce subjective elements ― such as those
① relieve stress ② get exercise ③ healthy diet troublesome unconscious assumptions or constraints ― into
the problem or matter under review. Patient analysis and
④ get fresh air ⑤ develop problem-solving skills restructuring of the parts, taking up different perspective points
in your imagination from which to view it: all these will deepen
your understanding of the problem if they do not fairly soon
release within you, like a cash dispenser, the right solution.
, .
.
.
.
.

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21. they’re only “as if designed” 23. ? [3 ]

? [3 ]
It’s often said that according to the Big Bang theory, the
Around me now, and indeed almost everywhere I go, I see whole universe we can now observe was once compressed into
a mixture of undesigned and designed things: rocks, stars, a volume the size of a golf ball, but we should imagine that
puddles of rain, tables, books, grass, rabbits, my own hands. the golf ball is only a tiny piece of a universe that was infinite
The distinction between designed and undesigned isn’t even then. The unending infinite universe is expanding into
commonly made this way. Typically, people are happy to divide itself. There’s another way in which the giant-firecracker idea
rocks from books, on the grounds that rocks weren’t designed misleads us, because even scientists often talk about the “universe
for a function, whereas books were. Books have an author, springing into existence.” Well, it didn’t, as far as we can tell.
a publisher, a printer, and a cover designer, and that means The opposite is true. There’s no first moment of time, just
“real” intended top-down design. As for grass, rabbits, and as there’s no smallest positive number. In physics, we have
hands, they do serve functions, but they evolved through a equations and laws of nature describing how one situation
mindless bottom-up process, and that isn’t “real” design. This changes into another, but we have no equations that show how
other distinction ― between real design and evolved “design” true nothingness turns into somethingness. So, since the universe
― is sometimes explicitly stated, but even when it’s not, the did not spring into existence, it has always existed, though
fear of attributing design to a mindless process is revealed in perhaps not in its current form. That’s true even though the
the quotes that evolutionary biologists sometimes put around apparent age of the universe isn’t infinite but only very large.
the word “design.” Eyes are brilliantly “designed” for seeing, And even though there’s no first moment of time, we can still
and wings are “designed” for flying. In fact, they’re only “as measure the age.
if designed”. ① Big Bang theory implying a finite beginning of the universe
① Designed artifacts function excellently without intention ② misconceptions shaping views on the universe’s origin
② Biological systems work perfectly without deliberate design. ③ scientific approaches explaining the origin of existence
③ Natural selection crafts organs as if by an intelligent designer. ④ equations describing the transformation of the universe
④ Nature seems to have developed not naturally but intentionally. ⑤ challenges measuring the universe’s age and expansion
⑤ Random variations optimize biological organ performance.

22. ? 24. ?

There are approximately 100 trillion atoms in each human Paul Yock, cardiologist, inventor, and entrepreneur, shared
cell, and about 100 trillion cells in each human. And the number a story about the development of balloon angioplasty, a technique
of possible interactions rises exponentially with the number that involves inserting a balloon into an artery and expanding
of atoms. It’s the emergent qualities of this vast cosmos of it so that it opens up the blocked artery. Before this breakthrough,
interacting entities that make us ‘us’. In principle, it would most cardiologists felt that the only way to deal with clogged
be possible to use a sufficiently powerful computer to simulate arteries was to do bypass surgery to remove the damaged blood
the interactions of this myriad of atoms and reproduce all our vessels. This procedure requires open-heart surgery, which
perceptions, experiences, and emotions. But to simulate carries substantial risks. When the balloon angioplasty
something doesn’t mean you understand the thing ― it only procedure, which is much less dangerous and invasive, was
means you understand a thing’s parts and their interactions first introduced, it was met with tremendous skepticism and
well enough to simulate it. This is the triumph and tragedy resistance among physicians, especially surgeons who
of our most ancient and powerful method of science: analysis, “understood best” how to treat the disease. Significant roadblocks
understanding a thing as the sum of its parts and its actions. appeared in front of pioneers of the procedure. For example,
We have learned and benefited from this method, but we have John Simpson, one of the inventors of balloon angioplasty,
also learned its limits. When the number of parts becomes huge, had to leave the university to do his research at a private hospital.
such as the number of atoms making up a human, analysis However, over time, the efficacy of balloon angioplasty was
is practically useless for understanding the system ― even though firmly established and became the standard of care for most
the system does emerge from its parts and their interactions. patients with clogged arteries.
*exponentially: **myriad: *cardiologist: **artery: ***clogged:

. ① From Skepticism to Standard: How Fast Innovation Gained Momentum

. ② Against the Current: Balloon Angioplasty’s Path to Acceptance
. ③ Resistance or Progress? Debating the Future of Heart Surgery
, . ④ Overcoming Doubts: How Persistence Reshaped the Field
. ⑤ Breaking Barriers: The Key to Revolutionizing Modern Surgery

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25. ? 27. Romantic Tanzania Safari

?

Romantic Tanzania Safari

* Validity Period * Per Person Sharing
- 7.1 ~ 12.31 - $3,000
- 1.1 ~ 6.30 - $2,770
* Package Includes
- Transportation in a 4×4 motor vehicle
- Services of an English speaking driver/guide
- Accommodation and meals
- Current park fees and government taxes
* Package Excludes
The above graph shows how much owners of small and large - International flights
dogs spend on their pets every year, with the spending broken - All airport taxes
down by category. ① In general, owners of large dogs spend - Travel insurance
an average of $295 per year more on their pets than the owners * Notes
of small dogs do. ② Small-dog owners spend 10% of their - In case of non-availability of accommodation, we may
budget on food, while large dog owners spend over a quarter have to move to similar lodges.
of their budget on it. ③ Insurance is the largest expense for - Christmas Supplement: A supplement of $500 per person
small dog owners, taking up over 40% of their budget, while is applicable. (from December 24 to January 1)
litter is their smallest expense. ④ Litter is also the smallest
expense of large dog owners, but their biggest spending is medical .
costs. ⑤ For owners of both types of dogs, toys and treats , , .
are the second smallest expense, with large dog owners spending .
.
2%p more on them than small dog owners.
1 500 .

28. Small-Group Tour of Olympic National Park

?

Small-Group Tour of Olympic National Park

Join us on this full-day, small-group tour of Olympic
26. Brahms ?
National Park from Seattle! Famous for its great beauty,
Brahms is well known for composing great symphonies. His abundant wildlife, and some of the oldest forests in the US,
four symphonies are worthy successors to those of Beethoven this park offers endless adventures.
who was born about 60 years earlier than Brahms. Actually, Overview
Brahms’ First Symphony has been called “The Tenth” because
• The small-group tour is conducted in a luxury vehicle, and
it maintains and expands on the tradition of Beethoven’s nine
light breakfast and gourmet picnic lunch are included.
symphonies. We also know that as he was a big fan of folk
• Throughout the tour, a friendly and knowledgeable naturalist
melodies, he created many folk-like melodies of his own, and
guide will take you on short nature walks.
even captured in these simple songs soft feelings and family
• During the winter months, these nature treks will be done
affection. He barely experienced such feelings in his personal
with snowshoes for a real wilderness experience.
life, though. Although his life was about sincere dedication
to music, he had a few unexpected episodes. When he became Additional Information
sick of his musical endeavors, he opened a barbershop. When • Operates in all weather conditions.
he felt that his life was coming to an end, he lied and said • Pricing: Adult pricing applies to all travelers.
that he was suffering from cancer. Indeed, he died from heart • Departure point: Pickup and drop-off at downtown Seattle
failure. hotels or the Cruise Terminal
Beethoven 60 . .
Beethoven . .
. .
. .
. , .

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29. , ? [31 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Situations are not pressure-filled in and of themselves. How 31. A major component of creativity is ___________________
you view those situations ① is what causes or doesn’t cause in reaching the end product. Again, Poincarè and Houseman
a feeling of pressure. And whether you feel pressure is directly serve as useful examples. Both worked intensively for many
related to what you focus on. For example, say it’s the bottom years on the problems in which they eventually achieved
of the ninth inning and you have the chance ② to hit a game-tying recognition, Poincarè as a mathematician, and Houseman as
RBI. You may or may not feel pressure in this situation, a poet. Descriptions of D.H. Lawrence’s work on his novels
depending on ③ what you’re thinking about. If you’re focusing indicate that he polished his manuscripts again and again. Indeed,
on possible outcomes ― such as “What if I strike out?” ― most accounts of the life and work of recognized creative people
you’ll probably feel pressure, have tightened muscles, and emphasize their extremely high levels of motivation. Associated
decrease your chances of getting that RBI, because tight muscles with this drive is a belief in oneself what might be called
can’t swing a bat as ④ freely as loose muscles can. On the “expectation of mastery.” The combination of high motivation
other hand, if you’re thinking about the process of putting the and conviction that success will eventually come often leads
ball in play ― “Relax and hit it solid” ― you won’t feel pressure,
to what has been called “hunger” for experience, or “obsession”
your muscles will be looser, and you’ll have a better chance
with an idea or task. As Edison put it: “Genius is 1% inspiration,
of success. This is why some athletes excel in situations that
99% perspiration!” According to Renzulli, “task commitment”
others feel are “packed with pressure” ― the ones who feel
is one of the key defining characteristics of creative people,
all kinds of pressure aren’t viewing the situation in the same
and Biermann, adopting a historical perspective, emphasized
way as the ones who ⑤ aren’t.
the role “stubbornness” played in the creative achievements
*RBI: ( )
of mathematicians in the 17th to 19th centuries.
① purposeful desire for creative insight
② stubbornness interfering task commitment
③ strategic approach to complex challenges
④ focused drive toward excellence
⑤ persistent commitment to goals

30. , 32. In his aesthetic theory, Theodor Adorno underlines the

? [3 ] societal relevance of art. Against the background of the alienation
which the individual faces in a fully rationalised,
Soviet scientist G F Gause’s research makes an interesting
efficiency-driven world, he warns of the positive nature of art.
contrast between bi-stability and coexistence. Coexistence is
An artwork bringing a soothing reflection of charm into the
real competition, where either can ① invade the other.
disillusioned, empirical reality offers comfort in the rationalised
Bi-stability is when they can’t; it’s illusory competition.
world and supports the unbearable status quo. In the light of
Bi-stability implies that two populations are not really
the inhumanity of the real world, art would make itself an
competitors. This is very common in business. An industry
may appear to be ② competitive, yet each competitor has accomplice of present and coming disasters if it
different customers, different distribution channels, or some ___________________________________ and hid the defects
other differentiating factor that has barriers around it. Whenever and poorness of reality. With the prospect of a better world
you see an industry that is very profitable, like high-end that, as an ultimate truth, shines through each genuine artwork,
consulting, you find a market where competitors are very art may falsely pretend that existing societal conditions are
specialized and where each has a high share of its own niche. acceptable. Therefore, art is constantly at risk of becoming guilty
Smart players will keep it that way. On the other hand, a market of supporting the inhuman status quo and fortifying present
characterized by more coexisting competitors is likely to be ideologies. [3 ]
one in a competitive stalemate. No one will have the ③ dominant *empirical: **status quo: ***accomplice:
position. Market share will have ④ substantial value. Here,
① celebrated the societal norms as inherently beneficial
the struggle between competitors for customers makes every
② portrayed an overly harmonious view of modern life
supplier a ⑤ loser. The only hope within a coexistence game
③ avoided challenging existing social conditions
is to recognize it for what it is, and to avoid price wars.
④ fostered a false sense of satisfaction with reality
*stalemate: ⑤ projected a superficial charm that upheld the status quo

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 홀수형

33. When we take a step back and think about failure more 35. ?
generally, the ironies build up. Studies have shown that we
The transcriptome may hold the key to the breakthrough we’ve
are often so worried about failure that we create vague goals, been waiting for over the last thirty years in gene therapy.
so that nobody can point the finger when we don’t achieve ① There are today two complementary yet different approaches:
them. This fear of being judged leads us to avoid specificity, the replacement or editing of genes within the genome (such
as clarity might expose us to criticism. We come up with as the widely known CRISPR/Cas9 technique) and the inhibition
face-saving excuses, even before we have attempted anything, or enhancement of gene expression. ② In the latter approach,
_____________________________. We cover up mistakes, not RNA-based cancer vaccines that activate an individual’s immune
only to protect ourselves from others, but to protect us from system are already in clinical trials, with promising results in
ourselves, shielding our fragile self-esteem. Experiments have diseases such as lung cancer. ③ The vaccination with RNA
demonstrated that we all have a sophisticated ability to delete molecules is a promising and safe approach to let the patient’s
failures from memory, like editors cutting gaffes from a film body produce its own vaccines. ④ RNA vaccines require
reel, shaping a narrative that keeps us in a favorable light. extremely cold storage temperatures to remain effective, which
Far from learning from mistakes, we edit them out of the official complicates distribution and storage, especially in regions with
autobiographies we all keep in our own heads, constructing limited infrastructure. ⑤ By introducing a specific synthetic
a reality where our missteps barely exist. RNA, the protein synthesis can be controlled without intervening
in the genome and by letting the cell’s own protein-building
*gaffe: NG
machinery work without altering the physiological state of the
① in a calculated effort to avoid potential failure cell.
② to maintain our carefully constructed self-image
*transcriptome:
③ letting our fear of judgment shape our memory filters ( RNA )
④ assuming that others will keep our vulnerabilities hidden
⑤ accepting that failure is unavoidable under any circumstance

[36~37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한

것을 고르시오.
36.

Viewed strictly from the standpoint of digestibility, there

34. Free markets are often praised for driving growth and are certain advantages to the consumption of meat and animal
prosperity. But for that to happen you need more than a matter in general.
buyer and a seller, or rather you need someone or something
(A) However, the benefits of flesh-eating can be fully realized
to intervene between the two in case they get into a fight.
only by true carnivores that possess special physiological
Without such oversight, the very foundation of trust that adaptations. Tigers have little to worry about regarding
supports market transactions begins to erode, leading to cholesterol, and sharks rarely suffer from cardiovascular
instability. After the fall of the Soviet Union, and when diseases.
its former countries’ economies started liberalizing, many
(B) Proteins derived from plants lack one or more of these
economists pointed out that for solid growth to take place
essential amino acids and in this sense are considered
through the free market, the rule of law had to be restored
as low-quality proteins. In addition to proteins, meat
or introduced in those countries. This means the existence provides in the same concentrated highly digestible
of well-documented and clear laws, of an independent capsule almost all the other nutrients essential to
judiciary capable of enforcing them, and the submission of mammalian diets carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and
government officials to those laws. Without these elements, vitamins.
corruption and arbitrariness could undermine economic
(C) The fact that the digestive tract is relatively smaller and
progress, suppressing both domestic and foreign investment.
far simpler in carnivores than in herbivores bears testimony
This is important because _____________________________
to this effect. Meat contains high-quality proteins that
and if it is breached, then someone should be able to impose provide all the amino acids in the proportions required
its correct implementation. for the human body. These include nine essential amino
*judiciary: **breach: acids that can not be synthesized internally.
① voluntary compliance alone ensures market stability *lipid: , **digestive tract:
② market order can only maintain itself under strict law ① (A) ― (C) ― (B) ② (B) ― (A) ― (C)
③ a legal framework forms the foundation of all market exchanges
③ (B) ― (C) ― (A) ④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)
④ economic freedom eliminates the need for oversight
⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)
⑤ market prosperity automatically creates legal order

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37. 39.

Neanderthal extinction was environmentally forced. That More commonly, children have difficulty learning a
picture can be made plausible. For one thing, as evolutionary particular skill even though they have the desire to master
biologist Clive Finlayson points out, we have little direct the skill and have been provided with the instruction typically
evidence that Neanderthals and Moderns were competitors, needed to master it.
that they occupied the same region at the same time.
It is amazing how unevenly different children’s skills
(A) However, as the climate began to change, the cool, develop. ( ① ) Some children learn to read more readily than
temperate, forested world to which Neanderthals were they learn to do math. ( ② ) Some children turn out to be
adapted started to retreat during the period between 50,000 excellent athletes, whereas others may be less athletically
and 30,000 years ago. This retreat significantly affected skilled. ( ③ ) In some cases, skills may lag because of a
their ability to survive, leading to dwindling remnant child’s lack of exposure to the material (for example, maybe
populations. Thus, Finlayson argues that the Neanderthals Steve can’t hit a baseball very well because no one ever showed
faced serious challenges, regardless of any pressures from him how to do it). ( ④ ) It’s not that they don’t want to
Moderns. learn; it’s simply that they are not learning as readily as
expected. ( ⑤ ) When children’s skills in a particular area
(B) Perhaps more crucially, their foraging economy (together lag far behind their expected development, we often give them
with their short-armed, robust physiques) was adapted special help, as when Steve’s baseball coach provided batting
to ambush hunting of large game. The classic Neanderthals instruction or Ken’s school gave him remedial assistance in
were not pursuit-endurance hunters; they depended on reading. [3 ]
cover to get close to game.
(C) Unlike Moderns, Neanderthals were adapted, both 40. . (A), (B)
biologically and culturally, to a cool, temperate world. ? [3 ]
They were physiologically adapted to these conditions,
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman found that people
exhibiting robust physical traits that were likely more
recalled more famous names and judged famous names to
extreme than those of Arctic-adapted Moderns. [3 ]
be presented more frequently. For example, if 19 famous
① (A) ― (C) ― (B) ② (B) ― (A) ― (C) women and 20 non-famous men were presented, participants
③ (B) ― (C) ― (A) ④ (C) ― (A) ― (B) responded that more names of women were presented. The
⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A) authors concluded that people used availability ― the ease
with which they were able to bring instances to mind – as
information to judge whether names of men or women were
presented more frequently. But note that there is an ambiguity
inherent in this finding. When famous names are more
available, people can both retrieve them more easily and
[38~39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장
retrieve more of them. Ease of recall and amount of recall
적절한 곳을 고르시오.
were mixed in this experiment. Thus, there are two alternative
possibilities for how people can arrive at the conclusion that
38. names of (famous) women were more frequent than
(non-famous) men. First, they may have recalled the famous
However, lateral thinking takes a completely different
women more easily than the non-famous men. Alternatively,
approach.
they might have tried to recall names, and recalled more
Lateral thinking is thinking out of the box. The major barrier names of women than of men; only because there were more
to this strategy is the mindset. One cannot think out of the names of women.
box since he is used to a certain method of solving problems. *retrieve:
Lateral thinking often obtains solutions that make the problem
seem very obvious. ( ① ) For example, the production of soap
was supposed to be 2000 per hour; over the last few days, Tversky and Kahneman’s study shows that ease and amount
the production dropped to 800 soaps an hour. ( ② ) Through of recall (A) frequency judgments of famous names,
the other strategies you try to identify ways to overcome this increasing (B) in determining the primary influencing
problem and increase the production rate. ( ③ ) The solution factor.
to the problem might state that there is no harm in a drop
in production since this would mean that the quality of the (A) (B)
soap has increased. ( ④ ) This improvement in product standards ① cloud …… clarity
would mean a greater number of sales implying a higher profit. ② enhance …… credibility
( ⑤ ) This would in turn motivate the workers and the employees ③ cloud …… uncertainty
to do better! ④ reproduce …… clarity
*lateral thinking: ⑤ enhance …… uncertainty

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 홀수형

[41 42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. (B)

As traditional print-based media sources have gone into Meanwhile, Black Bag’s story spread and soon news crews
decline, demand for other types of content, even news content, from TV stations and magazines started showing up for
has surged. Audiences who once may have been content to Goetzinger’s classes in the hopes that (b) they could interview
read the news each morning (a) increasingly expect new him. When the final class was over, news crews were waiting
articles on an hourly basis and even more frequently. A 2018 outside to catch Black Bag on camera. Spontaneously, without
study by the American Press Institute found that 59 percent a single exchange of words, the students lined up around
of Americans look at the news several times a day and 6 Black Bag, and (c) they protected him as he moved through
percent look several times an hour ― a practice that would the crowd of reporters. Black Bag was honored and felt
have been (b) impossible a generation ago. In a sense, we’ve gratitude. He then spoke his only words of the entire semester:
rapidly changed from a culture of the daily newspaper to “I’m just one of you in a bag.”
a culture of the notification. This change has changed both
traditional journalistic institutions (e.g., printed newspapers) (C)
and their digital counterparts. Between 2010 and 2016, for Since the other students had no name to call (d) their secretive
example, the number of stories, graphics, interactives, and classmate, they started referring to him as “Black Bag.” Black
blog posts published in the New York Times (c) spiked 35 Bag never failed to show up for the class, which met three
percent. This increase is nothing compared to the spike in times a week. In the course, each student was to give a
production seen on new media platforms such as Buzzfeed three-minute presentation on persuasion. When Black Bag’s
during roughly the same period. Buzzfeed, one of the many turn came, he just stood in front of the class, saying nothing
digital journalism sites that has gained prominence in the at all. The other students reacted defiantly. One student poked
age of content, was publishing just 914 posts per month in him with an umbrella, and another one stuck a piece of paper
2012 but over 6,300 posts per month only four years later. that said “Kick me” on his back.
Much of this content is also notably different from the type
of content that once dominated printed dailies. As the demand (D)
for content has surged, (d) fewer published articles, even in
However, as the familiarity caused by constant exposure
reputable newspapers, have taken the form of opinion pieces.
to Black Bag increased, the atmosphere in the class began
While some of these opinion-based articles are written by
to change. Some students started to take Black Bag’s side.
professional journalists, many are not. Hard news ― that
They stopped teasing him and treated him with kindness.
is, serious, fact-based reporting on politics, foreign affairs,
They tried to get him to take part in (e) their activities. Finally,
and so on ― still exists, but it is no longer necessarily the
the professor asked the students to vote on whether Black
(e) default.
Bag should reveal who he really was, but the majority of
41. ? the students were against that idea.

① Sustaining Print Media through High-Quality Digital Content

43. (A)
② The Rise of Hard News in the Age of Digital Journalism
?
③ Printed Newspapers More Popular Than Ever in the Digital Age
④ Traditional Journalism Is Unaffected by the Rise in Digital Content ① (B) ― (D) ― (C) ② (C) ― (B) ― (D)
⑤ The Shift from Daily Newspapers to Constant Content Demand ③ (C) ― (D) ― (B) ④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)
⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

42. (a) ~ (e) 44. (a) ~ (e)

? ?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e) ① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

[43 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. 45. ?

(A) .
Black Bag .
Professor Charles Goetzinger, who taught at Oregon State
Black Bag 3 .
University in the 1960s, gave a course on the science of
Black Bag .
persuasion. One year, when students came to class for the
first lecture, (a) they saw something quite strange. There was Black Bag .
a person almost completely covered in a black cloth bag and
sitting at one of the desks with only his bare feet sticking
out at the bottom. The professor explained that one of the
young men who had signed up for the course wanted to remain
anonymous, so he had chosen to wear the black bag.

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