영어_고2.indb 1 23. 10. 16.

오후 3:25
 01

35
Fenny Road
35

7
7

John Williams

35

Natalie Brown

I would like to further clarify [that your role as a parent It would appear, however, [that some of your drivers
is {to approve any school absence}]. are either unaware of this bus stop or for some reason
choose to ignore it, {driving past even though the
buses are not full }].
clarify is
to

Please ensure [that you go to the parent portal site and

register the reason {any time your child is absent}]. It either
A or B A B

ensure I would be grateful [if you could remind your drivers

{that this bus stop exists} and {that they should be
prepared to stop at it}].

and
remind

8~13
concern draw one s attention
01 02 03 04
frequently unaware of
05 06 07 08
remind exist
09 10 11 12
improvement

002

영어_고2.indb 2 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 02

Carol Williams Yellowstone

3 30

Robert D Parker

Robert D Parker
Sunrise

Carol Williams

My name is Carol Williams, [president of the student

[As I mentioned], I greatly admire Robert D. Parker’s
council at Yellowstone High School].
paintings, [which emphasize the beauty of nature].
Carol Williams Yellowstone
Robert D Parker

Carol Williams
As
Robert D Parker s paintings However, this event won’t be possible without the
support of local businesses [who provide valuable
products and services].
I would like to know [if the piece is still available for
purchase].

local businesses
know

student council host

gallery exhibit
annual prize
diverse artwork
support be willing to
admire emphasize
gift certificate generosity
purchase depict
place an advertisement
horizon piece
house reply
inquiry
04
03

003

영어_고2.indb 3 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 6

Economy
Tomorrow

10 11

Peter Watson
Martin Gray

Springton

Currently, I have just over a year to go on my

subscription to Economy Tomorrow and would like Our storytelling program has been so well-attended
to continue my subscription [as I have enjoyed the that we are planning to expand the program to 6 days
magazine for many years]. each week.
Economy Tomorrow
6
so ~ that ...

I hope [you will take this opportunity to let more

My doctor has told me [that I need to look for large children hear your voice].
print magazines and books].

hope
told that let
hear

subscription currently
eyesight well-attended expand
have trouble -ing recruit fill in
version bring ~ to life
be willing to opportunity
look forward to
05
06

Stevens
Peter Watson Springton
National Soccer

004

영어_고2.indb 4 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Championship Riverside Warriors Greenville
07
Trojans Springfield

4 23

Clarkson 145

[As I explained on the telephone], I don’t want to take

my two children by myself on a train trip to visit my Sunnyville
parents in Springfield this Saturday [since it is the same
day the Riverside Warriors will play the Greenville
Trojans in the National Soccer Championship]. Lucy Jackson

National Soccer
Championship Riverside Warriors Greenville Trojans
Springfield

as
since
I am a parent of a high school student [who takes the
I fully appreciate [that the original, special-offer ticket 145 bus {to commute to Clarkson High School}].
was non-exchangeable], but I did not know about the Clarkson 145
soccer match [when I booked the tickets] and I would
be really grateful [if you could do this for me]. a high school student
to

[My husband and I start work early in the morning] and

[this {makes it impossible for us to drop our son off
appreciate
at school }].

this

and
this
it makes
by oneself appreciate
for us to
special-offer non-exchangeable
match book
grateful in advance

commute public transport

available council

005

영어_고2.indb 5 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 discontinue place foundation renovate
provide inform

08
auditorium repair
take place inconvenience
encourage benefit

09
Douglas School
150

Anthony Thompson

Kyla Andrews

I’m writing to inform you [that the auditorium will be

the first building {closed for repairs}].

However, a problem has recently occurred [that needs

inform your attention].
you the first building
a problem a problem

We hope [that you will understand {how this brief

inconvenience will encourage community-wide I am sure [it will make our apartment complex {look much
benefits for years to come}]. more pleasant}].

hope that sure that

understand make

facility thanks to
generous donation on behalf of

006

영어_고2.indb 6 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 residents association mess up ultimately
participation given respectfully grateful
messy decide on reconsider
apartment complex
in advance cooperation

11
10

Gullard
Nancy Watson Gullard

Nancy Watson
Conway Forest

We believe [that {allowing people to live with their

We are one of the biggest faces of the school, [winning
pets} enriches their lives].
a lot of awards and trophies].

believe
We

Therefore, I’m asking you [to allow us {to use the enriches
school field for our dance practice}].

Excessive barking by dogs disrupts everyone within

hearing, [particularly those {who are elderly or sick} or
ask to {who have small children}].
allow to

principal award

007

영어_고2.indb 7 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 everyone within hearing
or those

to
a chance to a
resident value
famous musician to
appreciate enrich
ensure [{Your reputation as a world-class violinist} precedes
at the expense of you] and [the students consider you the musician {who
community disturb has influenced them the most}].
barking excessive
disrupt
keep ~ to a minimum
and
assistance management office
the musician

12
provide talented
annual reputation
precede influence
colorful splendid

Stanton
Future Music School

Steven Forman

We hold an annual festival [to give our students a

chance {to share their music with the community}] and
we always invite a famous musician [to perform in the
opening event].

008

영어_고2.indb 8 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 01

25

25
25 25

Isabel

25
Isabel
25

4 L
Isabel
E O V

25

She looks around the cafe, but she can’t shake off the 25
feeling [that something is missing].
I

the feeling

She looks around, [trying to imagine {what else she

could do to make the cafe perfect }], but nothing
comes to mind.

I [glanced down at the hands of my little son] and [saw

a four-inch cream-colored statue of two small children
imagine {hugging one another}].

to 4
and
two small children
Inscribed at their feet were words [that read It starts
with ‘L’ ends with ‘E’ and in between are ‘O’ and ‘V.’]
L E O V
16~21
words
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12

009

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 border on irritation sure
bother trivial that be
demand glance
statue hug
purchase
hum swing open
pour eagerly
02 hesitation unfold
company

Ester 03

Dan

Dan

Dan

Dan

Ester

Dan Dan

Ester stood up [as soon as she heard the hum of a hover

engine outside].
Ester

as soon as
I managed to finish my portion, and my mind went
blank for a few seconds, [wondering what to do].
She was sure [this must be {what she was eagerly
waiting for}].

010

영어_고2.indb 10 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Only then did the tension vanish.

Only then
I was anxiously expecting for a command [to report to
Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline]
[when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and rap
be supposed to
for the class’s attention].
make a presentation
buzz text
make it
faint portion Fleagle
blank
come to one s senses a command to
tension vanish saw
beaming lift rap
I did my best [to avoid showing pleasure], but [what
I was feeling] was pure ecstasy at this startling
04 demonstration [that my words had the power {to make
people laugh}].

Belleville to
Fleagle but
this startling demonstration
the power to

Fleagle
anxiously command
discipline rap
attention attentively
contempt ridicule
openhearted ecstasy
startling demonstration

05

011

영어_고2.indb 11 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 19
Ash

I
I

We’ve been waiting until the last minute, afraid any

My hands flew over my mouth [as I started to scream]. refreshments [I eat] might accidentally fall onto it and
stain it.

I [took a deep breath] and [walked past a table to the

any refreshments
old mirror {that stood in the back of the room}].
it my dress

I the old There’s only thirty minutes left until the show starts,
mirror and the nerves [that have been torturing Ash] seem to
have escaped her, [choosing a new victim in me].
30 Ash
rusty creak
scream the nerves
race
heartbeat calmly
reflection
ache invisible
makeup apply
refreshment accidentally
stain nerve
06 torture victim
palm sweat
have butterflies in one s stomach
tighten

07
Ash

30 Ash Ted

012

영어_고2.indb 12 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 08
Ted Ted

Ted

Ted Dave
Ted
Ted
Ted
Mike 20
Ted

5 Dave

Ted

Dave

Ted felt sure [that it was for his promotion] and [that
the vice president would make him the marketing
manager].
Ted [Shivering], he gripped his board tighter and kicked
harder.
and sure

He felt [as if he had been hit by a truck].

he

as if Five minutes of terror [that felt like a lifetime] passed

as if as if [before he was on dry land again].
had p p 5

Five minutes of terror

vice president human resources
beam anticipation
career promotion
blank desperately horizon freeze
suitable frozen nightmare
panic over and over no more than
shiver grip

013

영어_고2.indb 13 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 think to oneself
catch one s breath due to chilly
at ease contented pins and needles
sigh creep over still
struggle to do
trap gaze around
09 blur

10

11 Ryan

Ryan

I Tim Gina
I Ryan
3

11
Ryan
It was a day [I was due to give a presentation at work], Ryan
not something [I’d do often].

a day when
something
that
When he entered the house, his mom was standing in
[Gazing around at the blur of faces], I realized [they
front of the refrigerator, [waiting for him].
were all waiting for me to begin], but by now I knew [I
couldn’t continue].

He couldn’t remember the last time [his parents had

I taken him on a vacation].
realized knew
that

014

영어_고2.indb 14 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 the last time when and she
couldn t remember
She pushed forward frantically, [her arms reaching out
had taken
in long strokes], [her legs kicking harder and faster].

pack soar
beam groan
anticipation in a flash
miserable sigh

spot splash

11
pound trip-hammer
frantically stroke
grave solemn
tense urgent
festive monotonous

Meghan

12
1 2

Meghan
Josh Brown

[With her heart pounding like a trip-hammer], she [ran I

into the water] and [started swimming toward the dog].

with

015

영어_고2.indb 15 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 I was still skeptical [whether I would win a prize or
not] .

whether ~ or not

[As I realized my name had been called], I jumped with

joy.

skeptical tremble
outperform
envelope pound
declare exclaim

Technological developments in sectors such as

nuclear energy and agriculture provide examples of
[how not only environmental benefits but also risks
to the environment or human health can accompany
technological advances].

of not only A
but also B A B

Since the industrial revolution, technological

advances have changed the nature of skills [needed
in workplaces], [creating certain types of jobs and
destroying others], with impacts on employment
patterns.

skills

016

영어_고2.indb 16 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 It it
24~29 for employees for them to
change
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08 much easier
09 10 11 12

psychologist figure out

01 empathize point of view
exhibit make a suggestion
trait acceptable
perform unreliability

02

However, [when dealing with a problem area], in

particular, remember [that it is not the person {who is
bad}, but the actions {exhibited on the job}].

when
remember
A B not A but B
the person
the actions The more people have to do unwanted things the more
chances are that they create unpleasant environment for
It is difficult [for employees to change {who they themselves and others.
are}]; it is usually much easier [for them to change
{how they act}].

the the

017

영어_고2.indb 17 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 If you decide to accept the fact [that your task has to be
done], start from recognising [that your situation is a
gift from life]; this will help you to see it as a lesson in
acceptance.
[No matter who or what is being assessed in your
organization], [what they are being assessed on] must
be clear and the people must be aware of it.

the fact
recognising
this help
it what they are being assessed on
to

[To conduct accurate assessments], trust is a must —

unwanted unpleasant which comes through clarity.
nonetheless hatred
develop acceptance
compassion suitable to
accomplish
task situation

clarity energize
03 component trust
transparency assess
be aware of individual
mistrust cohesive
essential failure
assessment significantly
hinder conduct
accurate must
empower
optimal

04

018

영어_고2.indb 18 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Well, I am about [to change your perception of the
importance of me time], [to persuade you {that you
should view it as vital for your health and wellbeing}].

Extensive multicultural experience [makes kids more

creative (measured by how many ideas they can come
be about up with and by association skills)] and [allows them to
to persuade capture unconventional ideas from other cultures {to
it me time expand on their own ideas}].

Take this as permission [to set aside some time for

yourself]!

and Extensive multicultural

this permission
experience to
to

If neither is possible, there are lots of things [you

overtired complicate can do at home], [such as {exploring local festivals},
negative association {borrowing library books about other cultures}, and
escapism guilt {cooking foods from different cultures at your house}].
regret overwhelm
fatigue connotation
steer clear of vital
set aside urgent
lots of things
lots of things
such as
05
march ethnic
traditionally perspective
extensive measure
capture
unconventional

019

영어_고2.indb 19 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 expand expose benefits
at home explore
local
In selling, you should keep in mind [that the more
limited something is, the more desirable it becomes].

06
In -ing keep in mind

the the

2003

announcement flight
uneconomical
route scarce
resource principle
scarcity benefit
uniqueness miss out on
desirable

07

If you are a salesperson [trying to increase the sales of

a certain product], then you must not merely [point
out the benefits {the customer can derive from the
said product}], but also [point out its uniqueness and
what they will miss out on {if they don’t purchase the
product soon}].

a salesperson
not
merely ~ but also ... the

020

영어_고2.indb 20 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 [Left to their own devices], they will instinctively
become increasingly competitive with each other.

Being

However, we do need to teach them [that there is more

to life than winning] and [about the skills {they need
for successful cooperation}].

They are the people [who have the perspective to see

problems {that the insiders are too close to really
do need teach
notice}].
and teach
the skills
the people problems

guidance embark on [If you didn’t {know your coworkers} and {feel bonded
value cooperation to them by your shared experiences}], what would you
device instinctively think of them?
competitive multitude
interpersonal awareness
inherently minority
peer consciously and
nurture continuously
didn t

08
challenge characteristic
valuable perspective
point out risk
adopt mentality
disassociated bonded
job security confidence
management assessment
on one s own determine
advance career

09

021

영어_고2.indb 21 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 logical passionate
plea work
figure out mission
metaphorical
challenge
assumption at least
encourage worldview
yield trigger
insight

10

[When trying to convince someone to change their

mind], most people try to lay out a logical argument,
or make a passionate plea as to [why their view is right
and the other person’s opinion is wrong].

as to

Therefore, [encouraging someone to question their own

worldview] will often yield better results than [trying Parents often will need reassurance about imaginary
to force them into accepting your opinion as fact]. friends; they should be respectful [of the pretend
friends], as well as [of their child].

as well as respectful
than B as well as A A B not
only A but also B

convince lay out [Parents may tire of including the friends in daily

022

영어_고2.indb 22 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 activities, {such as setting an extra plate at dinner}], something}, {explore the world}, {expand your circle of
but [they should be reassured that the imaginary friends friends and experience}, and {broaden your horizons}].
stage will pass].

a chance to
but and to
daily activities
[Shutting down to adventure] means exactly [that —you
are shut down].

imaginary concern
replace interaction means that
pretend beneficial
reassurance tease
humiliate ridicule
tire reassure label rigid
signify hardened explore
shut down

11

12

TV

Each adventure is a chance [to {have fun}, {learn

023

영어_고2.indb 23 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 [As soon as I received them in the mail], I’d look
for my standing and compare my progress with the
progress of all the other leaders.

as soon as

Do that enough, and [if you {look back} and {compare

the you of weeks, months, or years ago to the you of
today}], you should be greatly encouraged by your
progress.

and
you
should be p p

career
look forward to
annual organization
statistics standing
progress It’s remarkable [that positive fantasies help us relax
distraction to such an extent {that it shows up in physiological
focus on improve tests}].
look back encourage

It help
relax such a an
that
that

If you want to unwind, you can take some deep breaths,

get a massage, or go for a walk but you can also try
simply [closing your eyes] and [fantasizing about some
future outcome {that you might enjoy}].

try -ing
some future outcome

024

영어_고2.indb 24 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 people and jobs
32~37 being taken over

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12 advent Artificial Intelligence
workplace replace
prediction mimic
01 sense puzzle
survey take over
executive routine
EI
bump

AI EI
AI
EI 02
AI

AI
EI

AI
EI

EI

The emotional messages [people send and respond

to while interacting] are, at this point, far beyond the
ability of AI programs [to mimic].

AI
The emotional messages
the
ability of AI programs to Think about the impact [personal computing technology
had on the first wave of executive leadership {exposed
This means [people and jobs {involving EI} are safe to the technology}].
from being taken over by machines].
EI

the impact
means executive leadership

025

영어_고2.indb 25 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Those [who were resistant many times] [found few
opportunities {to advance their careers}] and in many
cases [were ultimately let go through early retirement
for failure {to stay relevant and update their skills}].
Whether it was [starting a new gym habit or spending
less time on social media], when the date [that
researchers suggested] was associated with a new
beginning, more students wanted to begin changes right
then.
Those
and
opportunities to
failure to
Whether A or B A B
was
the date
relevance fast track
assume ambitious And more recent research by a different team found
more often than not victim [that similar benefits were achieved by showing goal
embrace advance seekers {modified weekly calendars}].
executive leadership
expose integrate
excel resistant
ultimately retirement
found by -ing
update
showing

03
be associated with
view kick-start
pursuit
unremarkable
benefit achieve
3 modified depict
immediate progress

04

026

영어_고2.indb 26 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 requires
to requires

behave calm
ultimately obstacle
respond brew
trigger full-scale
constructively reflect
equilibrium steer

05

The truth is [that {managing our own emotions 4 30

and actions} is {what allows us to feel peaceful as
parents}].

is

is is

Parenting isn’t [about {what our child does}], but

[about {how we respond}].

not ~ but ...

about

[Staying calm enough {to respond constructively to While hot yoga may have changed your friend’s life,
all that childish behavior and the stormy emotions does that mean [it’s the right practice for you]?
behind it }] requires [that we grow, too].

may have p p
mean

027

영어_고2.indb 27 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 I don’t doubt [that {getting up super early} changes
people’s lives, sometimes in good ways and sometimes
not].
This is the question [all stories ask].

doubt
the question

changes Who is this person [who behaves like this]?

You don’t know [if this habit will actually make your
this person
life better], especially [if it means {you get less sleep}].
The question then re-emerges every time [the
protagonist is challenged by the plot and compelled to
know make a choice].
means

every time

well-meaning
match swear
cautious beat oneself up
approach strive for emerge initial
strike overreact
behave attentive

06
plot
be compelled to do
detached perspective
definition heart beat

07

Rust Belt

028

영어_고2.indb 28 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 The hallmark of declining cities is [that they have too
much housing and infrastructure relative to the strength
of their economies].

is

With all that supply of structure and so little demand,

it makes no sense [to use public money {to build more
supply}].
Fears of damaging ecosystems are based on the sound
conservationist principle [that we should aim to
minimize the disruption {we cause}], but there is a risk
it to [that this principle may be confused with the old idea
to of a ‘balance of nature.’]

official former
glory massive
light rail policy
tidal urban the sound conservationist principle
Rust Belt the disruption
real estate declining a
underlying hallmark risk
relative to demand
Our planet is dynamic, and [so are the arrangements {by
supply folly
which its inhabitants live together}].
building-centric

so
08 the arrangements

ecosystem sound
conservationist principle
aim to do minimize
disruption confused with
suppose

029

영어_고2.indb 29 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 not to say
notion misleading
static dynamic and ...
endure apparently
in comparison with
In other words, success is not just about [how creative
lifespan eventually or smart or driven you are], but [how well you are able
species community to {connect with], {contribute to}, and {benefit from}
adapt to alter the ecosystem of people around you].
circumstance consequent
constantly myth
arrangement
inhabitant

not ~ but
about
and to the ecosystem
09 of people around you

measure performance
in terms of
metrics
résumé confirm
survival of the fittest formula
inaccurate potential
driven connect with
contribute

10

Kelly Lambert

The formula is simple: [be better and smarter and

more creative than everyone else, and you will be
successful].

030

영어_고2.indb 30 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 release neurochemical
generate contribute to
resilience onset

Kelly Lambert

11

The psychology professor Dr. Kelly Lambert’s research

explains [that {keeping what she calls the “effort-driven
rewards circuit” well engaged} helps you {deal with
challenges in the environment around you or in your
emotional life more effectively and efficiently}] .
Kelly Lambert

explains

helps

[Doing hands-on activities {that produce results you

can see and touch such as knitting a scarf, cooking
from scratch, or tending a garden }] fuels the reward
circuit [so that it functions optimally] .

The developmental challenge of blind spots is [that you

fuels don’t know {what you don’t know}] .
hands-on activities
results
is know

reward circuit You have to develop a crew of special people, people

deal with effectively [who are willing to hold up that mirror], [who not only
efficiently hands-on know you well enough to see that truck], [but who also
knit from scratch care enough about you to let you know that it’s there] .
tend fuel
function optimally
documented depression
correlate

031

영어_고2.indb 31 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 people
not only ~ but also ...
the right to
serious and long-lasting responsibilities
to
blind spot visible
developmental
overlook media industry
unaware run over capable single-minded
enlist pursuit profit
nature public airwave
digital spectrum
access priceless
12 asset necessarily
long-lasting responsibility
promote

But they are leaders of companies [that appear to have

only one purpose: {the single-minded pursuit of short-
term profit and “shareholder value.”}]

companies
one purpose

These are priceless assets, and the right [to use them]
should necessarily carry serious and long-lasting
responsibilities [to promote the public good].

032

영어_고2.indb 32 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 40~45

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12

01

Richard Wrangham

Mayo Clinic

This finding was unusual, [since people {who eat more

fruit} usually display the benefits {associated with a
healthy diet}].

people
the benefits

Researchers in the latter study noted [that excessive

consumption of high-sugar fruit (such as mangoes,
bananas, and pineapples) may cause metabolic and
cognitive problems as much as processed carbs do].

The outsourcing of much of the work of cooking

noted as ~ as ... to corporations has relieved women of [what has
do cause metabolic traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for
and cognitive problems feeding the family], [making it easier {for them to
work outside the home and have careers}].

033

영어_고2.indb 33 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 outsourcing has
of
and it made ~
it for them
to

It has also allowed us [to diversify our diets

substantially], [making it possible even {for people
with no cooking skills and little money to enjoy a
whole different cuisine}].

allowed to
it making
for people with no
cooking skills and little money to

central identity
Tools for thinking stem from this core, [providing
anthropologist
a common language {with which practitioners in
stand to reason
different fields may share their experience of the
decline corporation
process of innovation and discover links between their
relieve exclusive
responsibility feed
creative activities}].
career head off
domestic conflict
shift dynamics
spark a
pursuit common language
diversify substantially
cuisine microwave [If they practice abstracting in writing class], [if they
work on abstracting in painting or drawing class], and
[if, in all cases, they call it abstracting], they begin
to understand [how to think beyond disciplinary
02 boundaries].

understand

034

영어_고2.indb 34 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 resulted from this preparatory singing] gave them
trunk reaveal stamina [to carry out their attacks].
branch twig
emerge from core
stem from practitioner The emotional and neurochemical
innovation link
excitement stamina
terms employ
to
curriculum abstract
disciplinary boundary [What may have begun as an unconscious, uncontrolled
transform conception act — {rushing their victims with singing and beating
discipline universal drums in a frenzy}] — could have become a strategy [as
the victors saw firsthand the effect their actions had on
those {they were attacking}].
03

What
an unconscious
uncontrolled act
those

launch
neurochemical
preparatory unconscious
strategy victor
firsthand risk
19 20 warn upcoming
arousal compensate for
advantage intimidate
spectacle disturb
sheer

04

The emotional and neurochemical excitement [that 30

035

영어_고2.indb 35 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 05

Groundhog Day Bill Murray

The reason is simple: every night, our brain consolidates

[what it has learned during the day].

consolidates it
our brain

Quite the contrary: while we sleep, our brain remains

active; it runs a specific algorithm [that replays the
important events {it recorded during the previous day}
and gradually transfers them into a more efficient
compartment of our memory].
In the movie Groundhog Day, a weatherman [played
by Bill Murray] is forced to relive a single day over
and over again.
Groundhog Day Bill Murray

a specific algorithm
a weatherman
the important events
it our brain them the In fact, the neurotransmitter systems [involved in
important events reward] are tied to the level of surprise: rewards
[delivered at regular, predictable times] yield a lot less
activity in the brain than the same rewards [delivered at
efficient interval random unpredictable times].
cram neuroscience
inactivity accumulate
contrary algorithm
transfer compartment

036

영어_고2.indb 36 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 the neurotransmitter systems
rewards
a lot less
But once we add traits [that are less visible than skin
the same rewards
coloration, hair texture, and the like], we find [that the
people {we identify as “the same race”} are less and
weatherman play less like one another and more and more like people {we
be forced to relive identify as “different races}].”
confront seemingly
eventually rebel
befriend predictability
appealing engage
autopilot involved in
traits
be tied to deliver
find the
yield random
people people
gratify

Add to this point [that the physical features {used to

06 identify a person as a representative of some race (e.g.
skin coloration)} are continuously variable, so that
one cannot say {where “brown skin” becomes “white
skin.”}]

Add
the physical features
say

Although the physical differences themselves are

real, the way [we use physical differences {to classify
people into discrete races}] is a cultural construction.

themselves
the way
to

physically a multitude of
race biological
ancestry trait
texture representative
variable classify
construction

037

영어_고2.indb 37 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 07 an approaching predator.

the the
the degree of fear

refer to profiling
blink indicate
measurement reputation
come to mind mammal
evolution minimize
predator concern
involuntarily equal

08

Washington State British Columbia

Think of an animal [that has a reputation for being Washington State British Columbia Alaska
fearful].
Maine
an animal

In mammals, because of evolution, our eyelids will

speed up [to minimize the amount of time {that we
can’t see an approaching predator}].

to the
amount of time

The greater the degree of fear [an animal is

experiencing], the more the animal is concerned with

038

영어_고2.indb 38 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Many marine species including oysters, marsh grasses,
and fish were deliberately introduced for food or for
erosion control, with little knowledge of the impacts
[they could have].

the impacts

They are commonly packed in seaweed [which contains

many other organisms].

seaweed

[If the seaweed is discarded], it or the organisms on it

can colonize new areas.

it the seaweed
In fact, the Latin meaning of the verb “inspire” is
“to breathe into,” [reflecting the belief {that creative
inspiration was similar to the moment in creation when
God first breathed life into man}].
marine species
marsh deliberately
erosion intentionally
livelihood rear
net-pen recover the belief
invasive bait
organism discard
Greek artists did not blindly imitate [what they saw
colonize
biodiversity potential in reality]; instead they tried to represent the pure,
ecotourism contribution true forms [underlying reality], [resulting in a sort of
compromise between abstraction and accuracy].

09

imitate
the pure true forms

modern era
creativity
be attributed to
superhuman novel
Plato Plotin

039

영어_고2.indb 39 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 originate exist
divine verb I was brought up to believe [that {if I get lost in a large
inspire reflect forest}, I will sooner or later end up {where I started}].
argue possessed by
descend imitate
reveal sacred
believe
quality pale imitation
perfection blindly
pure underlying where
compromise abstraction The most important is [that virtually no human has two
accuracy conflicting legs of the exact same length].
imitation collaboration

is

sooner or later confirm

10 virtually slightly
inevitably dominant
factor into tendency
obstacle subconsciously
dominance instinct

11
Harold Gatty

2 Samosata Lucian

Goethe

040

영어_고2.indb 40 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 12

In all societies humor is important not only in

individual communication but also as a molding
force of social groups, [reinforcing their norms and
regulating behavior].

not only ~ but also ...

[The ultimate goal of anyone {who studies another

culture, such as ancient Greece}], is [to understand
the people themselves {who were more than the sum
total of monuments, historical incidents, or social
groupings}].

anyone is
to the people
A child [whose behavior is out of control] improves
[when clear limits on their behavior are set and
enforced].
capacity peculiarly
witty
distinguish from
A child
mold reinforce
norm regulate
era However, parents must agree on [where a limit will be
preoccupation set] and [how it will be enforced] .
concern prevailing
ultimate monument
aptly assimilation
where how
intercultural competence
on

041

영어_고2.indb 41 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 out of control improve
enforce consequence
present enforcement
consistent firm
development autonomy
in terms of temperament
effective otherwise
punishment directly

It’s a lot easier [to move under the radar {when no one
knows you and no one is paying attention}].

It a lot

But [if you do it at the expense of being {who you

really are}, {making decisions that please others
instead of pleasing yourself }], you’re not going to be
in that position very long.

being

decisions

042

영어_고2.indb 42 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 by -ing the
48~53 corporations
to decide
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12 Remember [that the corporate world is built on
consumers, so as a consumer you have the power {to
01 vote with your wallet and encourage companies to
embrace healthier and more sustainable practices with
every purchase you choose to make }].

Remember
the power to every
purchase

value mindful
50 purchase deserve
support pollute
fair-trade practice
end-of-life
be committed to
conscience contribute
profit genuinely
corporate embrace
sustainable

02

Be mindful about every purchase by carefully Oxford

researching the corporations [that are taking our
money {to decide if they deserve our support }].
18
21 Shakespeare

Alvin Toffler Shakespeare

043

영어_고2.indb 43 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 450 000
03
250 000
Shakespeare
9 5

Shakespeare

Shakespeare

But it was [only in the eighteenth century] that

any attempt was made to formalize spelling and
punctuation of English at all.
18

it was ~ that

to to formalize

In other words, so to speak, if Shakespeare were to

materialize in London today he would understand,
on average, only five out of every nine words in our
vocabulary.
Shakespeare
9 5
It has also been accompanied by a symbolic
reinterpretation of the bicycle.
If

It

emerge continually In present times, cycling has become an activity [which

in response to supplement is also performed for its demonstrative value, its role in
drift attempt identity construction and its effectiveness in impressing
formalize punctuation others and signaling social status].
unintelligible estimate
so to speak materialize
fade continuation

an activity

044

영어_고2.indb 44 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 craze increase In modern times, the societal ascendancy of medical
urban symbolic professionalism has caused treatment of sick patients
reinterpretation be associated with [to overshadow those preventive healthcare services
recreational commuting {provided by the less heroic figures of sanitary
aspirational engineers, biologists, and governmental public health
demonstrative officers}].
identity status
extent well- off
obviously value - laden
by no means manifest
dweller inequality
inclusive caused to
those preventive healthcare services

04 Nevertheless, the quality of health that human

populations enjoy is attributable less [to surgical
dexterity, innovative pharmaceutical products, and
bioengineered devices] than [to the availability of
public sanitation, sewage management, and services
{which control the pollution of the air, drinking water,
urban noise, and food for human consumption}].

is attributable
services

healthcare clinical
mythology preventive
wellness hygiene
professionalism overshadow
heroic sanitary
attributable surgical
pharmaceutical bioengineered
availability sanitation
sewage consumption
attainable
controversy

05

045

영어_고2.indb 45 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 A
O Hirschman The Passions and
the Interests
Adam Smith David Hume Montesquieu

Montesquieu

20

It is not [only houses], of course, that communicate

with us.

It is ~ that
The free market has liberated people in a way [that
A store or restaurant can be designed so that it
Marxism never could].
welcomes mostly low-income or high-income customers.

a way never could

so that
have liberated

[If they wage war], both are likely to lose in the long
inanimate object run.
obvious weed
abandoned instantly
deliberate register be likely to do

06 liberate
Enlightenment
wage

046

영어_고2.indb 46 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 in the long run establishment Denes Public Art Fund Manhattan
destiny overwhelming
interest devastating
cost innate commission to
disrupt to
the most significant and fantastical
pieces of public work

The artist and her volunteers harvested thousands of

07 pounds of wheat to give to food banks in the city,
[nourishing {both the minds and bodies of New
Yorkers}].

Battery Park City

1982 The artist and her volunteers
Agnes Denes nourishing
Denes Public Art Fund both ~ and ...
Manhattan

Denes fancy high-rise

financial headquarter
souvenir peddler
Wheatfield — A Confrontation Denes
make one s way to
4
gross landfill
temporarily commission
installation gleaming
confrontation amber
atop irrigation
thriving nourish
fade away urban
narrow expansion

08

Denes was commissioned by the Public Art Fund [to

create one of the most significant and fantastical pieces
of public work {Manhattan has ever seen}].

047

영어_고2.indb 47 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 09

Journalists [call this {the “inverted pyramid” structure}]

—[the most important information (the widest part of
the pyramid) is at the top].

call 5
this
the inverted pyramid
structure

[No matter what the reader’s attention span] — [whether

she reads only the lead or the entire story] — the
[When dealing {with property}, {with contracts}, or
inverted pyramid maximizes the information [she gets].
{even just with the routine exchange of goods and
services}], concepts and descriptions need to be [as
precise and unambiguous as possible], otherwise
no matter what misunderstandings will arise.

whether ~ or ...

the information
When
or
story contain dealing
convey as ~ as possible
decreasing
[As economic life became more complex in the later
no matter what span
Middle Ages], [the need for fuller and more precise
alternative payoff
communication] was accentuated.
break off fake

048

영어_고2.indb 48 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 As
need
was

Think of [the carbon emissions {caused by driving to

immediate mutual the mall}], [the shipping of millions of items around the
confidence deal with world], [the plastic waste {produced by packaging}],
property contract and even [the long-term waste {produced by mindlessly
description precise buying things we don’t need }].
unambiguous potential
a measure of facilitate
clarification settlement
dispute aid
function
and of
the carbon emissions

10
the plastic waste the
long-term waste
things

Green Friday is about [changing the way {we see this

day}] and [switching our mindset from “buy, buy, buy”
1980 to finding alternative ways {to give gifts during the
holiday season}] so we don’t cause further damage to
the Earth.

and about
the way
alternative ways to

unofficial mark
consequently profitable
retailer come to light
ecological raise awareness
carbon emission packaging
long-term mindlessly
mindset alternative
deal

049

영어_고2.indb 49 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 11 believed
the Near East

invention origin
discover accurately
possibility forever
pottery archaeologist
date back to

12
9 000

1960 10 000

1
11g
3 1

Sometimes scientists discover a model of an early

invention and from this model they can accurately tell
us [how old it is] and [where it came from].

tell

For many years archaeologists believed [that pottery

was first invented in the Near East (around modern
Iran) {where they had found pots dating back to 9,000
B.C}].
9 000
This requirement has led the food industry to put in
three different sources of sugar [so that they don’t have
to say {the food has that much sugar}].

050

영어_고2.indb 50 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 so that
say
that

[Whatever the true motive], ingredient labeling still

does not fully convey the amount of sugar [being added
to food], certainly not in a language [that’s easy for
consumers to understand].

Carolina California
Louisiana
Whatever
the amount of
sugar a language

ingredient regulation
sweetener requirement 10 9
source of sugar motive
convey serving
intake

If either of these shows up on a fast-food menu with

lots of added fats or HFCS, we seem unable either to
[discern] or [resist] the corruption.

either of A
B either A or B unable to

We have yet to come up with a strong set of generalized

norms, [passed down through families], for savoring
and sensibly consuming [what our land and climate
give us].

a strong set of generalized norms

savoring consuming

051

영어_고2.indb 51 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 [Because fungi are also very dependent on stable
56~61 conditions], they support other species underground
01 02 03 04 and protect them from complete collapse [to ensure
05 06 07 08 {that one species of tree doesn’t manage to dominate}].
09 10 11 12

01
to ensure

species native to
emerge advantage
infect advantageous
oak maple
fir shade
sprout diversity
security dependent on
stable collapse
dominate

02

What would happen if a new pathogen came along

that infected most of the beeches and killed them?

If

052

영어_고2.indb 52 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 03

If you want to get over an obstacle [so that your

idea can become the solution-based policy {you’ve
long dreamed of}], you can’t have an all-or-nothing
mentality.

so that ~ can
the solution-based policy

[Even if {what emerges} isn’t as well-funded as

you wished, or doesn’t match {how you originally
conceived the bill}], you’ll have still succeeded in
ensuring [that kids in troubled areas have access to
clean water].

ensuring
Research in the science of peak performance and
motivation points to the fact [that different tasks
match
should ideally be matched to our energy level].

expression enemy
get over obstacle Research points to
policy mentality the fact
be willing to alter
well-funded
I’m someone [who tends to overthink different
conceive bill
scenarios and conversations {that haven’t happened
ensure have access to
needle vastly yet}].

053

영어_고2.indb 53 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 someone different
scenarios and conversations
This “Mum Effect” — a term [coined by psychologists
Sidney Rosen and Abraham Tesser in the early 1970s]
— happens [because people want to avoid becoming
peak motivation
the target of others’ negative emotions].
analytical accomplish
free from 1970 Sidney Rosen Abraham Tesser
distraction
consistently stick to
strategic a term

We all have the opportunity [to lead change], yet it

04 often requires of us the courage [to deliver bad news to
our superiors].

the opportunity to
it the courage
to
1970 Sidney Rosen Abraham
Tesser

soften
address
term coin
psychologist superior
innocent kick in
override water down
devastating hierarchy
Robert Sutton subordinate negotiator
blame

05

Pazano

054

영어_고2.indb 54 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 exceptional overall
rank hospitality
hospitality industry in terms of
passion sum up
luxury hotel memorable
customer-centered seek to
relative to maximize
lower result in
profit generate
profitably delicate

06

Vosniado Brewer
Fish is Fish

For companies [interested in delighting customers],

exceptional value and service become part of the
overall company culture.

companies

The company’s passion for satisfying customers

Fish is Fish
is summed up in its credo, [which promises {that
its luxury hotels will deliver a truly memorable
experience}].

its credo Fish is Fish

promises

Thus, the purpose of marketing is [to generate customer

value profitably].

is to

055

영어_고2.indb 55 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 They worked with children [who believed {that the
earth is flat} (because this fit their experiences)] and
attempted to help them understand [that, in fact, it is 12
spherical].

children
believed them
children understand

The model of the earth [that they had developed] —

and [that helped them explain {how they could stand
or walk upon its surface}] — did not fit the model of a
spherical earth.

The model of the earth

explain T h e m o s t d a n g e ro u s t h re a t t o our abi l i t y [ t o
concentrate] is not [that we use our smartphone during
working hours], but [that we use it too irregularly].
illustrate
assimilation context
flat fit
attempt spherical
our ability to
picture sphere
not ~ but
interpret surface
incorporate preexisting ...
novel favor The solution is [to regulate your devices {as if you were
on a strict diet}].

07
is to
as if

When it comes to nutrition, [sticking to a fixed time

plan for breakfast, lunch, and dinner] allows your
metabolism [to adjust], thereby [causing less hunger
during the in-between phases].

When it comes to ...

056

영어_고2.indb 56 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 trying to solve}], and [a mastery of the processes
allows to {involved}].

threat irregularly to
effectively filter
and needs
regulate device
the
strict nutrition
problem the processes
stick to metabolism
belly under control
nutritional stimulate [Often called a “beginner’s mind,”] this is the
toxic newcomers’ perspective: people who are curious, even
playful, and willing to ask anything — [no matter how
naive the question may seem] — [because they don’t
know {what they don’t know}].
08

being
no matter how

know

exhibit paradoxical
tendency assume
mutually exclusive
contradictory relevant to
mastery involve
perspective prevailing
be willing to do naive
accelerate adopt
temporary permanent
utilize rookie
simultaneously

09

For example, [to do its best work], a team needs [deep Elizabeth Gilbert
knowledge of subjects relevant to the problem {it’s

057

영어_고2.indb 57 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 10

300

David Gross

This story illustrates [what I call invisible rules].

illustrates

These are habits and behaviors [that have unnecessarily

rigidified into rules].

habits and behaviors

We learn about Newton’s “laws” — [as if they arrived
meditation drop into by a grand divine visitation or a stroke of genius] —
disrupt bother [but not the years {he spent exploring, revising, and
come up with session changing them}].
ritual stubborn
unconsciously restrict
self- esteem

We learn about
not we don t learn about the

058

영어_고2.indb 58 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 years ~ the years

The laws [that Newton failed to establish] — most

notably his experiments in alchemy, [which attempted,
and spectacularly failed, to turn lead into gold] — don’t Guernica 79
make the cut as part of the one-dimensional story [told
in physics classrooms].
warmer
colder

The laws
his experiments in alchemy
the one-dimensional story

curriculum formula
spit out authority figure But in fact, they backtrack, [returning to versions {that
alternate wander they had earlier discarded as inadequate}].
divine stroke
notably spectacularly
make the cut
and return to
one-dimensional
versions ~ versions

Had Beethoven been able to distinguish an extraordinary

11 from an ordinary work, he would have accepted his
composition immediately as a hit.

If had p p ~ have p p
If

fashion masterpiece
5
progress halt
1 idea-generation
strike gold
backtrack
discard inadequate
Guernica 79 celebrated scrap
distinguish from
extraordinary ordinary
composition in protest of
variation consistently

059

영어_고2.indb 59 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 in reality outcome
art trend
People
and can

12 perspective theatrical
merely represent
imply conceal
hostile intention
navigate external

Othello Iago

Over the centuries various writers and thinkers, [looking

at humans from an outside perspective], have been
struck by the theatrical quality of social life.

various writers and thinkers

People [with excellent acting skills] can [better navigate

our complex social environments] and [get ahead].

060

영어_고2.indb 60 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 01

TV

2013 2020
1
TV
2013 2020
2019 TV
1 2016 2020
1 OECD 8 2020
1 TV
30
1 2017 TV
1
5 2014 TV
1 6% 2015 10%

Belgium was the only country with a smaller number 2014 TV 6

of students per teacher than the OECD average in both 2015 11
public elementary and secondary schools.
1
OECD
The percentage gap between the two genders was the
both A and B A B
largest in 2016 and in 2020, [which both had an 8
In public elementary schools, there was a smaller percentage point difference].
number of students per teacher on average in Germany 2016 2020
than in Japan, [whereas the reverse was true in public 8
secondary schools].
1
For male respondents, 2017 was the only year [that
saw a decrease in the percentage of those {accessing
whereas
the Internet via smart TVs} compared to the previous
year], during the given period.
2017
TV

the only year those

64~69
share by gender
01 02 03 04 survey respondent
05 06 07 08 access via
09 10 11 12

061

영어_고2.indb 61 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 02
daily account for
proportion state
respond

2022
12 13
1 03
12 13
42 2000 2020 2
14 15

2000 2020 6 2
3
16 17 1 2
2000
20 18 19
2020 3
5 1

20
2020

14 15 3
2000 2020

2
2000
20
2020 2000 7
Of the 12 to 13-year-old group, 42% stated [they read 2020
daily or several times a week], [which was the highest
share within that group]. 2000
12 13 42 2020 2020

stated
that

The graph above shows [the percentage of children

In the 14 to 15-year-old group, the percentage of {who received second-dose measles vaccinations in six
teenagers [who read daily or several times a week] was regions in 2000 and in 2020}].
two times higher than that of those [who never read a 2000 2020 6 2
book in the same age group].
14 15 shows
children
2 The percentage of vaccinated children in the Western
teenagers Pacific was lower than that of Europe in 2000, but the
than vaccination percentage in 2020 of the Western Pacific
that the percentage exceeded that of Europe by 3 percentage points.
those 2000

062

영어_고2.indb 62 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 2020 that the percentage
3
that the percentage
distribution demand
sector generation
marine waterway
second-dose vaccination aviation industry
Mediterranean exceed petrochemical
rank decade

04 05

OECD 5

2020 OECD 5
48 6 OECD 5

3 1 5

OECD 5
98

36 p
14 p

The oil demand in the Residential, commercial and The above graph shows [which modes of transportation
agricultural sector took up 9.8% of all oil demand in people use for their daily commute to work, school, or
the OECD, [which was the fourth largest among all the university in five selected countries].
sectors]. 5
OECD
98 shows

In terms of commuters [using public transport],

The percentage of oil demand in the Marine bunkers Germany leads all of the countries, immediately
sector was twice that of the oil demand in the Rail & followed by Australia.
domestic waterways sector.

commuters

063

영어_고2.indb 63 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 commute mode of transportation respondent familiar
commuter popular familiarity engagement
except for

06 07

e-

2018 2019
2020 e-
2018 2019 2

e-
2018 2019
e-
2018
e-
2019
e- e-
2018
2019
e-
10
e-
e-
2 2019 874 000
e- 94 000
3 1 10
e-

For the two-year period of 2018 to 2019, [the overall

e- total number of visitors to Deoksugung Palace] was
larger than that to Changgyeonggung Palace.
2018 2019 2

The above table shows the share of respondents

[familiar with or engaged in e-sports in selected number

countries in 2020]. was that the overall

total number of visitors
2020 e-
[While the total number of visitors to Chang-
respondents gyeonggung Palace decreased from 2018 to 2019],
the total number of visitors to Deoksugung Palace
While the percentage of e-sports familiarity in Spain
increased during the same period.
was higher than that in the UAE, the percentage of
2018 2019
e-sports engagement in Spain was two percentage
points lower than that in the UAE.
While
e-
e-
2
While overall period
that the percentage of e-sports familiarity decrease increase

064

영어_고2.indb 64 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 08

10
2005 2017 4
2017 1
2005 2005

2017

20 4%
2005
2 3% 10
2017
2005 2017

The above graph shows the percentage of commuters

[using eco-friendly transportation {to get to work} in
2017 2005
six large cities in Canada in 2016].
2016 6

In every country except the UK, the average class size commuters
in 2017 decreased compared to that in 2005. to
2017 2005
For all six given cities, [the percentage of people {who
commuted by public transit}] was the highest, while
that the average class size
[the percentage of people {who commuted by cycling}]
In 2005, the average class size in Brazil was larger than was the lowest.
that in the UK, [whereas the reverse was true in 2017]. 6
2005
2017
that the average class size percentage
was
people

average primary education

decrease compared to commuter eco-friendly
whereas reverse transportation transit
rank compared with

09
10

2000 2017

2016 6
6 2000 2017
2017 2000

065

영어_고2.indb 65 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 2000
2017 2014 44 000 2016
2000 112 000 2016 2014 3
2017
2000 2017
2017
In 2014, the electric car stock of the United States
2000
ranked first among the five countries, [followed by that
of China].
2017 11 150 000 2000 2014 5 1
6 280 000
that
the electric car stock
The tables above show the materials [landfilled as However, China showed the biggest increase of electric
municipal waste in the U.S. in 2000 and 2017]. car stock from 2014 to 2016, [surpassing the United
2000 2017 States in electric car stock in 2016].
2014 2016
the materials 2016

[The amount of textiles landfilled in 2017] was more

than twice that in 2000.
2017 2000 electric car stock
amount amount surpass
was that the
amount of textiles landfilled

material landfill
municipal waste 12
textile respectively

NFL

11 2014 2017 NFL

2014
2014 2016 2017
2014 2017
2017
5 2014 2016
5 2014 2016
2014
2014 5
2017 4
1
4
2014 2016
2016
2014 2016 4
2014 2017
2016 3

066

영어_고2.indb 66 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 In all the years except 2017, the injury rate of Thursday
games was lower than that of Saturday, Sunday and
Monday games.
2017

Camille Flammarion
rate was that the
injury rate
Camille Flammarion Montigny-le-Roi
The gap [between the injury rate of Thursday games 16
and that of Saturday, Sunday and Monday games] was
the largest in 2014 and the smallest in 2017. Paris Observatory Urbain Le Verrier
1858 Le Verrier
2014 2017 19 The Plurality of Inhabited
The gap between A and Worlds
B A B
Popular Astronomy 1880
130 000 Juvisy
injury steadily
5 11 1887
French Astronomical Society

The manuscript was not published at the time, but it

came to the attention of Urbain Le Verrier, [the director
of the Paris Observatory].
Paris Observatory
Urbain Le Verrier
it The manuscript
Urbain Le Verrier

At nineteen, he wrote another book called The Plurality

of Inhabited Worlds, [in which he passionately claimed
{that life exists outside the planet Earth}].
19 The Plurality of Inhabited Worlds

The Plurality of Inhabited Worlds

claimed

067

영어_고2.indb 67 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 72~77 blacksmith lecture
01 02 03 04 priesthood botany
05 06 07 08 accompany assemble
09 10 11 12

01 02

John Ray Julia Margaret Cameron

1627 Essex Black Notley John Ray Julia Margaret Cameron 19

16 Cambridge Calcutta
1660 Cameron
1863 12
1650

Francis Willughby Ray 1660 Cameron

1673
Margaret Oakley Willughby
Black Notley 77

20

F r a n c i s Wi l l u g h b y
Accompanied by his wealthy student and supporter
Francis Willughby Ray toured Britain and Europe in the
1660s Criticized for her so-called bad technique by art
critics in her own time

At 16, he went to Cambridge University, [where he

studied widely and lectured on topics from Greek to
mathematics, before joining the priesthood in 1660]. Cameron made illustrative studio photographs,
16 Cambridge 1660 [convincing friends and family members to pose for
photographs], [fitting them in theatrical costumes and
carefully composing them into scenes].
Cambridge University Cameron

He spent his later years studying samples [in order to

assemble plant and animal catalogues].

spend -ing [Criticized for her so-called bad technique by art

to critics in her own time], she ignored convention and
experimented with composition and focus.

068

영어_고2.indb 68 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Janaki Ammal, [one of India’s most notable
scientists], was born in 1897, and was expected to wed
Although Even though she was criticized for her so- through an arranged marriage.
called bad technique by art critics in her own time Janaki Ammal 1897

Janaki Amman one of the

consider portrait
energetically devote
clear Despite living at a time [when literacy among women
convert ~ into ... in India was less than one percent], she decided to
illustrative convince reject tradition and attend college.
pose theatrical 1
compose criticize
so-called critic
despite a
convention experiment
time
composition focus
appreciate spiritual
expression medium
notable wed
arranged marriage literacy
doctorate contribute

03
sugarcane variety
co-author famine
deforestation advocate
Janaki Ammal preservation hydroelectric

Janaki Ammal 1897

04
1
Carl-Gustaf Rossby
1924 Michigan
Ammal
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Bergen
Vilhelm Bjerknes
Chromosome Atlas of Cultivated Plants
Stockholm Rossby
1918 Stockholm
Ammal
Bjerknes
Stockholm Bergen
1925 Rossby
Silent Valley

Rossby
Silent Valley polar front theory
successfully saved the Silent Valley from the construction 1947 Rossby Stockholm
of a hydroelectric dam 10

069

영어_고2.indb 69 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 University of Stockholm
In 1947 Rossby accepted the chair of the Institute of
Meteorology 4

The
Carl-Gustaf Rossby was one of a group of notable monarch cannot survive the cold winter temperatures of
Scandinavian researchers [who worked with the the northern states
Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes at the
University of Bergen].
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Bergen The mother butterfly lays only one egg on the underside
Vilhelm Bjerknes of milkweed leaves, [which hatches about three to five
days later].
notable Scandinavian researchers

3 5
In 1925, Rossby received a scholarship from the one egg
Sweden-America Foundation [to go to the United
The monarch is the only insect [that can fly more than
States], [where he joined the United States Weather
four thousand kilometers to a warmer climate].
Bureau].
4
1925 Rossby

the only insect

to
the United States
monarch
splash
meteorologist earn a degree spot margin
physics lecture hind lay
apparently geophysical underside hatch
scholarship practical migrate insect
forecasting cyclonic circulation
boundary air mass
chair meteorology
06

Gordon Parks
05
Gordon Parks

Parks 15

Parks

3 5
3 10 Parks

070

영어_고2.indb 70 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 1949 Life 3
1950 Bowlby
1956
Parks 2006

Parks eventually Trinity Bowlby

dropped out of school and worked at various jobs enrolled at Trinity College Cambridge to study medicine

He documented the everyday lives of African John Bowlby, [British developmental psychologist and
Americans at a time [when few people outside the psychiatrist], was born in 1907, to an upper-middle-
black community were familiar with their lives]. class family.
John Bowlby 1907

a time John Bowlby

He also wrote music pieces in his life and in 1956 His father, [who was a member of the King’s medical
the Vienna Orchestra performed a piano concerto [he staff], was often absent.
wrote].
1956 His father

a piano concerto
developmental psychiatrist
upper-middle-class
document be familiar with absent primarily
eventually nanny customary
drop out of school boarding school traumatic
migrant concerto enroll briefly
consultant attachment
dominant approach

07

John Bowlby 08

Patricia Bath
John Bowlby 1907

Bowlby Patricia Bath

1942
Bowlby 7 Howard 1968

Bowlby

Bowlby Cambridge Trinity

071

영어_고2.indb 71 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 1976 Moscow Raymond Woodard
AiPB Brink
1980 Bath

Anything Can Happen on the River

1934
30 Caddie
1976 AiPB In 1976 she co-founded the
Woodlawn 1936 Newbery
American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness AiPB
~
After their son
and daughter were born
It was [during her time as a medical intern] that she
saw [that many poor people and Black people were
becoming blind because of the lack of eye care].
[Born in 1895], Carol Ryrie Brink was orphaned by age
8 and raised by her grandmother.
It was ~ that 1895 Carol Ryrie Brink 8
saw
Carol Ryrie Brink
Her research led to her [becoming the first African-
Being
American female doctor {to receive a patent for a
medical device}]. She and her husband spent several years living in
France, and her first novel Anything Can Happen on
the River was published in 1934.
to her
the first African-American Anything Can Happen on the River 1934
female doctor to
spend -ing

advocate raise
concentrate ophthalmology
disorder co-found orphan raise
institute prevention inspire edit
principle treatment collection publish
patent device

10
09
Alice Coachman
Carol Ryrie Brink

1895 Carol Ryrie Brink 8 Alice Coachman 1923 Georgia Albany

Idaho

072

영어_고2.indb 72 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Vera Rubin 1928 Philadelphia
Coachman Washington D C Washington D C

1948 1951 Cornell 1954

Coachman 5 65 Georgetown 22

1965 Rubin Carnegie

9 Institution Hale
Coachman 2014 Georgia
90

2016
Her talent
in track and field was noticeable as early as elementary
school
Vera Rubin
She won many prizes for her work but never
This accomplishment made her [the first black woman
the Nobel Prize
{to win an Olympic gold medal}].

make her 5 It was [in Washington, D.C.] that she started to

the first black woman develop an interest in astronomy.
to Washington D C

Coachman died in 2014, at the age of 90 in Georgia

It was ~ that
[after she had dedicated her life to education].
Coachman 2014 Georgia In 1965, Rubin [started as a researcher at the Carnegie
90 Institution] and [became the first woman {permitted to
died use the Hale Telescope}].
had 1965 Rubin Carnegie Institution
dedicated Hale

and Rubin
access facility
the first woman
racism available
barefoot equipment
noticeable achievement astronomy master’s degree
competition accomplishment doctor’s degree
Hall of Fame dedicate make headlines
motion galaxy
telescope groundbreaking
observation a vast amount of
11 dark matter
celebrated

Vera Rubin

073

영어_고2.indb 73 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 12

impala

Roselands Virtual Sports Day

Roselands Virtual Sports Day

90
Roselands Virtual Day

100~200
2023 10 16 22
5

10
13 15

5 The breeding season

occurs at the end of the wet season around May

Male impalas have long and pointed horns [which can

measure 90 centimeters in length]. virtualsportsday
roselands com
90
500MB
long and pointed horns

[When conditions are harsh in the dry season], they

come together to search for food in mixed herds [which Roselands Virtual Sports Day is an athletic competition
can number as many as 100-200 individuals]. [that you can participate in from anywhere].
Roselands Virtual Days
100 ~ 200

an athletic competition

mixed herds You can see videos [explaining each challenge] on our
school website.

graceful adapt
similar belly
videos
pointed measure
length harsh
herd number
individual breeding
occur give birth
80~87
isolated
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16

074

영어_고2.indb 74 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 01 02

Have a Good Night

Have a Good Night

2023 9 3 10

& $30 20
10km & 5km $15

1 000
ipmarathon com
1 $30

2 5km
Basic version Free

2 5km Water will be

provided every 2 5 km and at the fini h line
This smart app helps you have a refreshing sleep!

help to
The Peace Marathon Festival will be held [to {promote have
world peace}] and {share compassion for people in
need}].
Recording sounds such as coughing or snoring while
sleeping

to and
while you are
to

The number of participants is limited to 1,000.

1 000
The number of refreshing cough
is snore analyze
adjust tone

promote compassion
civic qualification
participant souvenir

075

영어_고2.indb 75 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 03 Maple Spring

2022 12 1 31

7 11
2023 1 5
Maple Spring Bow

3 talent 10
westhigh edu www maplespringlight com
3 27 3 31

1 4 5
10 Local residents
can get a 10 discount off the entrance fee
2
3

www westhigh edu The Maple Spring Light Art Exhibition will illuminate
you, with a route [surrounded by light artwork].
Maple Spring
The winning
video will be played at the school festival
a route

Admire the beautiful light artwork [as you walk

through Maple Spring].
All the videos will be uploaded on the school website
on April 5. Maple Spring
as
4 5
be p p

The video [that receives the most votes] will win. exhibition illuminate
route artwork
The video entrance fee resident

talent show show off

amazing 05

04
7
Maple Spring

Maple Spring 2022 12 5 12 11

Maple Spring 17

076

영어_고2.indb 76 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 1 100
12 2 50

7
3 5
k-speech kcontest com
1

1 100
1st place 100 and traditional Korean tea
12
12

12 Are you a foreign student [who wants to show off your

500 Korean]?
www 7challenge
globestory com a foreign student

Make your own video [sharing your experiences in

All participants Korea].
will write about the same topic
your own video

You will be randomly assigned one of 12 literary

mention
genres for your story.
12

07
be p p

randomly assign
entry finalist

Woodside
2022 3 31 7

06 2022 4 7 7

4 14
2022

25

9 5

077

영어_고2.indb 77 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 www woodsideclay co uk 500 200
www goomeripumpkinfestival com

25 Each
Fee 25 including all materials instruction and a glass participant has only one opportunity to roll a pumpkin
of wine

In the second session, you will decorate the pieces The participant [who rolls their pumpkin farthest] wins.
[before we glaze and fire them].
The participant

[If more than one participant lands their pumpkin in the

before
Lucky Spot], the money will be divided equally.
Your pendants will be ready to be picked up from April
14.
4 14
to to be p p

roll participant
session clay width underarm
ceramic fire
instruction
09

08 South High School

South High School

2011

2021 5 2021 11 6 7 10
Goomeri Branford Hill Bay Street
10 2 1
40
10 15 30
15 10 31

50

8
Lucky Spot 1 000
Lucky Spot South

078

영어_고2.indb 78 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 The participation fee
includes lunch and materials for the program
The champion
will receive two movie tickets

One Day Camp at Seattle Children’s Museum is an

experience [that promises {to inspire creativity in
[If you reserve by October 15th], the price will be $30.
children}].
10 15 30
Seattle

an experience
Wear a red jacket [to show your South High School promises to
spirit].
All children [must be accompanied by an adult].
South
a red jacket to

reunion miss inspire creativity

reservation refund discovery craft
available buddy participation fee
spirit up to accompany material

10
11
Seattle

Grey 2021
Seattle
Seattle
Grey 2021
4 28 2 6
Bayshore
2021 7 8
Grey 2021
5 10
80

10 30 ~ 12 30
12 30 ~ 13 30 80
13 30 ~ 15 30 4 14 6

30 5 5
10

www greycountyjobfair org

079

영어_고2.indb 79 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Employer-only lounge
and refreshments
ZWD
www zwd org

Last year’s was the largest [ever held in this area] with
more than 80 employers and over 1,000 job seekers. If an
80 item isn t accepted please be prepared to take it home

the largest

This year, we’re moving to an even larger location with Zero Waste Day (ZWD) 2020 is an opportunity [for
plenty of space for all attendees. you to {clean out your attic} and {donate items for
reuse}].
2020 ZWD

an opportunity to for
you to
county
and to
job fair business
register employer There is no place [for you to drop off garbage].
job seeker location
attendee enhanced
place to for you to
refreshments

12
opportunity attic
donate bedding
2020
pillow blanket
stain delete
2020 garbage
2020 ZWD

13
11 2020 11 7
9 12
2020
400 Union Square

2020

12 12 1 3

080

영어_고2.indb 80 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 11 27
30 Lansing
Kid s Coding Center www 6 9
lanskidscoding com
9 00 10 00
9 12 10 30 11 30
2 00 3 00

1 5

Laptops will not be www

provided parksidepool org

No pre-registration
This game-coding workshop will teach them [to use necessary just show up and have fun
block-based coding software {to create their own
games}]!
[Are you bored with] your current exercise routine?

teach to
by
to
Sign up [in person at Kid’s Coding Center] or [online
No pre-registration necessary, just [show up] and [have
at www.lanskidscoding.com].
fun]!
Kid s Coding Center www lanskidscoding
com
and
or Sign up

routine senior
block-based registration
senior-friendly recreational
participation fee sign up
pre-registration show up
in person requirement
laptop participant
prior

15
14 Fanstaville

Silver Aqua
Fanstaville
Fanstaville
Silver Aqua
Parkside Pool 7 4 12 00 18 00

081

영어_고2.indb 81 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Fanstaville Center

30

1 80 2 60 3 40
2020 5 9

1 20
Each contestant must
bring their own materials
www fanstaville com

Students [enrolled in Home Economics]

Learn simple magic tricks

Students

[If it rains], the event will be held in the gym.

30 minutes will be allowed for [finishing arrangements].
30
for

Purchase tickets [online at www.fanstaville.com] or [at

the entrance on the day of the festival].
www fanstaville com flower arranging contest
annual educational
exhibit category
or
enroll professional
contestant material
magical experience on display
trick participant
entrance

16

2020 5 7 4
Jade

I
II

082

영어_고2.indb 82 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 90~95

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12

01

They take advantage of the fact [that people have a

90
unique opportunity {to observe themselves full-time}].
90

the fact
a unique opportunity to

One of the most problematic of these distortions is

the social desirability bias, [which is a tendency {to to
give socially approved answers to questions about reach to reach
oneself}].
increasing
those are
a view that
one of the
the social desirability bias whether
a tendency to whether

The manufacturer of the food has a view [when making

or growing something] [that {by the time the product
reaches the shelves} it has already been travelling for
so many days and possibly many miles].

083

영어_고2.indb 83 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Our brains
generating generate
when our ancient ancestors
a view who
by the time threats them
the the certain
more certain
But [whether it becomes toxic] is something [each
is the same size as last time be
individual can decide].
is

whether
if [If I know for certain {it is}], my brain will direct me
something to eat it [because I know {it’s safe}].

carbon footprint shelf

know
bring up caution
know
manufacturer toxic
perishable nonperishable
cost-effective [Our brains then generate sensations, thoughts, and
action plans {to keep us safe from the uncertain
element}], and [we live to see another day].

02

and
to

certainty stem from

ancient ancestor
survive alongside
poisonous evolve
attend to direct
alert dependence
millennium pl millennia ensure
label vague
unpredictable sensation

03

084

영어_고2.indb 84 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 for competitors
to

strategy move
announcement intent
discourage ~ from -ing
imply rewarding
entrant launch
potential variant
arguably untapped

04

the way of market demand

is
some intent
that
a decision or an action at one point in
time
doing
before during
when
pockets
untapped

The intent is [to make it more difficult {for the new

entrant’s advertising to make an impression on
potential buyers}].

is to it
for the new fascinated fascinating
entrant s advertising to
a sense that
Arguably, [if a market is already filled with product
variants] it is more difficult [for competitors to find
perceive readily
untapped pockets of market demand].
p e rc e p t u a l
characteristics assure
a context where
it where in which

085

영어_고2.indb 85 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 By noticing the relation between their own actions
and resultant external changes, infants develop self-
efficacy, a sense [that they are agents of the perceived
changes].
than was
indicates a greater understanding and
moral concern do
by -ing a sense was did
to
People have perceptual characteristics [that virtually to differentiate
assure {that infants will orient toward them}].
and some of them the
social and environmental changes
which
perceptual characteristics
that the question ~ be addressed the
assure
question of ~ the planet
the question needs
relation resultant
external self-efficacy less
agent interaction much
readily consequence
perceptual virtually
Even though institutions like the World Bank use
assure orient
wealth [to differentiate between “developed” and
contrasting exaggerate
“developing” countries], they also agree [that
responsive vocalization
vary context development is more than economic growth].
World Bank

05
to
agree

Countries are slowly learning [that it is cheaper

and causes much less suffering {to try to reduce the
harmful effects of an economic activity or project at the
World Bank beginning, when it is planned , than after the damage
appears}].

learning
it
the beginning it
an economic activity or project

086

영어_고2.indb 86 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 ourselves against others], most of us still do.
institution differentiate
developed developing
environmental accompany abundant warnings do
awareness affect measure ourselves against others
address indicate
concern widespread
But the problem with social comparison is [that it often
backfires].
06
is it social
comparison

abundant measure
meaning-seeking
interpersonal comparison
evaluate standing
enhance self-esteem
inadequate malignant
misfortune risk
undeserving beneficence
beneath one s notice
benign longing
reproduce

07

comparing ourselves with someone who s

doing worse than we are
risk risks
creatures ones
feel inadequate

the desire to meet

which

Despite abundant warnings [that we shouldn’t measure

087

영어_고2.indb 87 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 alter logically
classic emergency
subsequent aching
occasionally significant
Differences in how ~ for example —
Differences
creating create
compared
08
to alter
triage bias
where
aching jaw pain extends

Anchoring bias describes the cognitive error [you make

{when you tend to give more weight to information
arriving early in a situation compared to information
arriving later — regardless of the relative quality or
relevance of that initial information}].

the cognitive error

information hunting in the residual light zone of the ocean Some

predators Some predators
[Whatever data is presented to you first {when you has have
start to look at a situation}] can form an “anchor” and some
it becomes significantly more challenging [to alter your consisting
mental course away from this anchor] than it logically allowing to
should be. to survive
the sparse food
that
prey it

Whatever
Organisms [living in the deep sea] have adapted to the
it
high pressure by storing water in their bodies, [some
consisting almost entirely of water].

bias cognitive
tend to do regardless of Organisms
relative relevance some
significantly challenging

088

영어_고2.indb 88 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Many species lower their metabolism so much that one of these boxes which
they are able to survive without food for long periods
of time, [as finding the sparse food {that is available} recorded automatically
expends a lot of energy]. press might receive

the bar it

so ~ that ... [While working as a research fellow at Harvard], B.

the F. Skinner carried out a series of experiments on rats,
sparse food [using an invention {that later became known as a
‘Skinner box.’}]
Harvard B F Skinner
organism adapt to
Skinner box
entirely lack
cold-blooded adjust ~ to ...
metabolism sparse
predatory B F Skinner an
be equipped with invention
hold on to overpower Over time, the rat learned [that food appeared
residual light zone
{whenever the bar was pressed}], and began to press it
attract mating
purposefully [in order to be fed].

09
learned
Skinner box
to

Harvard B F Skinner
Skinner box
research fellow carry out
a series of experiment
present with rate
automatically initially
accidentally curiosity
as a consequence
purposefully
positive reinforcement
influence

10

rats give
gives given

089

영어_고2.indb 89 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 and

insect survival
lie in outer covering
waxy
prevent A from B A B
dehydrate segment
passively as needed
vessel rigid
transportation nutrient
waste material appropriate
autonomous modularization
function

blood contain
containing contained

One
11
lies
take in passively
each of the body segments its

the many ways

in which

[One of the keys to insects’ successful survival in

the open air] lies in their outer covering [a hard
waxy layer {that helps prevent their tiny bodies from
dehydrating}].

their outer
covering a hard
waxy layer
No matter how it is conceptualized — whether as
Instead of blood contained in vessels, they have free-
trustworthiness cooperation justice or caring —
flowing hemolymph, [which {helps keep their bodies
morality
rigid}, {aids movement}, and {assists the transportation
morality to
of nutrients and waste materials to the appropriate parts
be is
of the body}].
in which humans and other primates live the
interdependent groups in which
in which
which humans and other primates live in
hemolymph

090

영어_고2.indb 90 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 judging right and wrong in the conduct of social
12
relationships for
judging
that a shared sense of morality is necessary to social
relations a wide range of perspectives
that

the interdependent relationships within groups that

humans depend on that
relationships are

Martin Luther King Jr

[No matter how it is conceptualized {— whether as
trustworthiness, cooperation, justice, or caring —}]
morality is always about the treatment of people in
social relationships.

no matter how
~
whether ~ or ... understand
No matter how it is conceptualized that what
the field prepare
prepared
Evolutionary biologists, sociologists, and philosophers seeds them
all seem to agree with social psychologists [that the requires overwhelming intelligence
interdependent relationships within groups {that does
humans depend on} are not possible without a shared his ability to to
morality]. inspire

Planting a seed does not necessarily require

overwhelming intelligence; creating an environment
social psychologists
[that allows seeds to prosper] does.
groups

interaction not necessarily

common ground
an environment
involved party
does requires overwhelming intelligence
coordinate interdependent
primate morality
conduct conceptualize Instead of treating him as the manifestation of everything
trustworthiness cooperation great, we should appreciate his role in allowing America
a wide range of perspective [to show {that it can be great}].
evolutionary biologist

091

영어_고2.indb 91 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 allowing to
show

insert seed
tend to do credit Robert Blattberg Steven Hoch
plant overwhelming
intelligence prosper
strength inspire
achieve revolutionary
Blattberg Hoch
perception fairness
accomplish instead of
appreciate

Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted [that, in a

changing environment, it is not clear {that consistency
is always a virtue}] and [that one of the advantages of
human judgment is the ability {to detect change}].
Robert Blattberg Steven Hoch

noted it

the ability to

The logic was [that statistical models suppose stable

conditions and therefore cannot account for the effects
on demand of novel events such as actions {taken by
competitors} or the introduction of new products].

was actions

092

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 98~103 allowing to

01 02 03 04 It takes far longer for their system [to eliminate the

05 06 07 08 same amount of caffeine].
09 10 11 12

01 It takes to
far for
their system to

wear off liver

degrade genetics
efficient version
bloodstream rare
eliminate effect
alter clearance
sensitive sleep-disrupting

02

insensitive sensitive

[Based in large part on genetics], some people have a

more efficient version of the enzyme [that degrades
caffeine], [allowing the liver {to rapidly clear it from
the bloodstream}].

being poor rich

the enzyme

093

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 For example, the huge subsidies [that rich nations give
to their farmers] make it very difficult [for farmers in
the rest of the world to compete with them].

the huge subsidies

it
for farmers in the rest of the world to

Another example would be domestic health or safety

regulations, [which, {though not specifically targeting
imports}, could impose significant costs on foreign reinforces destroys
manufacturers {seeking to conform to the importer’s
market}].
This shading [gives the object depth] and [allows the
viewer {to distinguish its shape}].

domestic health or safety regulations

and This shading
allows
foreign manufacturers to

Thus [even if an animal is exactly, but uniformly, the

barrier measure same color as the substrate], it will be easily visible
quota [when illuminated].
restrictions on exports
prevalent enact
discriminatory comply with the same ~ as ...
compete with conform to when
additional it is

countershading
03 optical flattening
illuminate shade
depth distinguish
uniformly belly
blend in coloration
background

094

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 04 the ability to
it
it

Adam Smith
specialization improvement
specialize in construction
mastery subsequently
trade output
outlet
and so forth farm
division of labor extent

05

Smith

scarce excess TV

Adam Smith pointed out [that specialization, {where

each of us focuses on one specific skill}, leads to a
general improvement of everybody’s well-being].
Adam Smith

pointed out
specialization

At the same time, without the ability [to buy food on

the market], it would not be possible [to be a specialist
home builder or clothing maker], [since it would be less more
necessary {to farm for one’s own survival}].

They are so unstable [that they require an automated

system {that can sense and act more quickly than a

095

영어_고2.indb 95 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 human operator to maintain control }].

so ~ that ...
that an
automated system
to

The unexpected reveals the value of humans; [what

we bring to the table] is the flexibility [to handle new
corresponds n i t
situations].

The job of the normal scientist is [to try to eliminate

the flexibility to these minor puzzles {while making as few changes as
possible to the paradigm}].

advanced military
unstable dependence is to
paradox reliable
while as ~ as possible
efficient distracted
extreme massive
passive occupation So normal science is a conservative activity — its
flexibility collaborate practitioners are not trying [to make any earth-
in pursuit of joint shattering discoveries], but rather just [to develop and
oversight extend the existing paradigm].

06
not ~ but ...

normal science
If a normal scientist gets an experimental result [which
Thomas Kuhn conflicts with the paradigm], they will usually assume
[that their experimental technique is faulty], not [that
the paradigm is wrong].

an experimental result
assume

Kuhn

Kuhn primarily paradigm

encounter accommodate

096

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 conservative The reason for this is [that the brain does not consider
earth-shattering it valuable {to remember all of the details as long as it
novelty unquestioningly is able to convey the main message (i.e., your first day
of school was great)}].

07
is it consider
as long as

retain noteworthy
specific pl.
additional apparently
delete convey
insignificant content
disturb vanish

08

strengthens
3
restrains

[In order for us to be able to retain valuable pieces of

information], our brain has to forget in a manner [that
is both targeted and controlled].

to for us
to a manner
both ~ and ...

097

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 John Ford
Ford
enefit drawbacks

[In order to continue its symbiotic relationship

with cultivated plants], humanity must [allow for
biodiversity] and [recognize the potential drawbacks
{that monocultures of plants can introduce}].

to
and
the potential drawbacks

Planting seeds of all kinds, [even if they don’t seem

immediately useful or profitable], can ensure the
John Ford
longevity of those plants for generations [to come].

avoid produce
generations to

innovation unlock Ford considered the camera [to be a window] and the
modification reproductive audience [to be outside the window] [viewing the
cultivation recognizable people and events within].
vulnerable to starvation
Ford
agricultural loss
harvest famine
rely on nutritionally considered
allow biodiversity to
potential monoculture
profitable ensure
The objective camera does not [comment on or
longevity
interpret the action] but [merely records it], [letting it
strike a balance between ~ and ...
unfold].

capacity control

not ~

09 but ...
it the action

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 objective point of view shape overlook
illustrate philosophy
at a distance employ
static concentrate on
People think [that design makes something highfalutin,
draw attention to
{called architecture}], and [that architecture differs
emotional subject
from building, {just as surely as the Washington
straightforwardly
positioning comment on
National Cathedral differs from the local community
interpret unfold church}].
impersonal unnoticeably
Washington

10 think
something
as ~ as ...

More and more we are learning [that the design of all

our built environments matters so profoundly that
safety and functionality must not be our only urgent
priorities].

Washington
learning so ~
that ...

safety functionality
nonnegotiable
aesthetics affect
architecture cathedral
utility matter
profoundly urgent
priority cognition
well-being constitute
A identity

irrelevant
relevant
11
B

distinction connection

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 apply to all the more
distorted alleged

12

Elvis Presley
Michael Jackson
Elvis

hard to
believe challenge

Spine-tingling ghost stories are fun to tell [if they are

really scary], and even more so [if you claim {that they
are true}].

even more
claim

This is rather odd because you might think [they would hard-earned sudden
realize {that older rumors have had more time to get
distorted than younger rumors that are close in time to
the alleged events themselves }]. Neurologically, chemicals are released in the brain
[that give a powerful burst of excitement and energy],
[leading to the desire to repeat this experience].

that think chemicals

realize
younger rumors
[Because this cannot be sustained], we experience an
inevitable fall, [which is all the more painful], [leading
spine-tingling pass on to the depression part of the cycle].

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 an inevitable fall

sudden neurologically
chemical release
burst excitement
desire addiction
manic
wisdom last
take into account recapture
high superiority
resistant to warn
sustain inevitable
fall depression
gambler prone to
bubble

These people will look for alternatives, [which (if

cleverly planned) can be exactly {what a marketer or
persuader wants you to believe}].

alternatives
be

People use this reversal [to make us “independently”

choose an option {which suits their purposes}].

to an option
make
choose

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 106~113

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12 realized
13 14 15 16 that

The new system not only reduced the pollution

01 [released into the environment]; it also increased profits
by giving companies greater control over growing
conditions.

Michael Porter
not A but also B A B
the pollution by -ing

1991 peculiar profit

2000 regulation strict
prompt illustration
world-renowned
cut flower contaminate
soil fertilizer
pesticide ultimately
quality shift
cultivation circulate
closed-loop release

02

[Facing increasingly strict regulation], greenhouse

growers realized [they had to develop new methods {if
they were going to maintain product quality with fewer
pesticides}].

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 03

It’s hard [to pay more for the speedy but highly skilled
person], simply [because there’s less effort {being
observed}].

It
effort

They found [that people would pay a little more for

a greater quantity of rescued data], but [what they
were most sensitive to] was the number of hours [the
technician worked].

found

the number of hours In social play children learn [how to negotiate with
others], [how to please others], and [how to manage and
overcome the anger {that can arise from conflicts}].

observe recovery
quantity sensitive
technician willingness
amount outcome learn to
fundamentally incompetence the anger
irrational comfortable None of these lessons can be taught through verbal
means; they can be learned only through experience,

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 [which free play provides].
This is called “adaptation,” [a deceptively simple
phenomenon {that shows that your brain is learning to
anticipate the next event }].

adaptation a
means assert deceptively simple phenomenon
get along with shows
obedient subordinate
deliberately dose And it is not just repetition that leads to adaptation:
moderate negotiate [what matters] is [whether the notes are predictable].
arise verbal

04 it is ~ that just repetition

violate expectation
fundamental driver
AAAAA identical note
auditory progressively
adaptation deceptively
phenomenon anticipate
primary cortex
neuron vigorously
AAAAA 1
fire
matter alternating
trigger

ABABA

05
ABABB

9 1

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 06

Ronald Heifetz

Heifetz

It is not the peasant’s goal [to produce the highest

possible time-averaged crop yield, averaged over many
years].

It

If you have just one big field, [no matter how good it
is on the average], you will starve [when the inevitable
occasional year arrives {in which your one field has a
low yield}].

Our behavior as followers changes as our objectives

change.
it one big field
the inevitable as
occasional year as

But if I am an expert on fishing, you may follow

peasant crop my lead on where we fish, regardless of our formal
yield average positions or the fact [that I followed your lead on
marvelously combination concerts yesterday].
aim inevitable
occasional varying
independently

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 the fact

define subordinate not ~ but ...

empower analyst is
refer to constituent
misunderstanding objective
expert regardless of If they lack the commitment [to sail with you through
difficult weather], then they are more likely to abandon
your ship [when it stops].

07
the commitment to
it your
ship

boss
come across as
sympathizer incident
cover cosy
corridor ultimate
convenience challenge
controversy reluctant
commitment sail
Martin Luther King
abandon

08

The ultimate test of a man is not [where he stands in

moments of comfort and convenience], but [where he
stands at times of challenge and controversy].”

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 street sign originate from
conscious awareness
separate mental
cognitive neural
firing synthesize
overall improve
trick strengthen
certain component
bottom line preserve

09

You do not have conscious awareness of all these

separate mental plays and cognitive neural firings, yet
they somehow work together in beautiful harmony [to
Na
synthesize your overall experience].
50

to

That is [why {truly improving memory} can never 50

simply be about {using memory tricks}, {although they
can be helpful in strengthening certain components of
memory}].

is
about

although

memory
operate The elements [any particular animal needs] are
vehicle cell relatively predictable.
navigate destination
spring neuron

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 The elements

This is, in part, [because vertebrates evolved in the sea

and so evolved cells {dependent upon the ingredients
that were common in the sea, including sodium }].

is cells
the ingredients
The goal of the dialogue is [to arrive at a conception
{that one did not know or understand beforehand}].

predictable ancestor
hardwired is to a
sodium mammal conception
concentration primary
dependent upon remedy In traditional schools, [where philosophy is not
eliminate excess present], students often work with factual questions,
reward preference they learn specific content [listed in the curriculum],
strategy periodic and they are not required to solve philosophical
problems.

10
traditional schools
specific content

philosophical hinder
conception factual
awareness put into
recognition ignorance
emphasis self-assurance
conformity established
phenomenon pl phenomena

11

Diderot

Diderot Diderot

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 cue trigger
isolation fairness

12

DNA

Diderot

The Diderot Effect states [that {obtaining a new

possession} often creates a spiral of consumption {that
leads to additional purchases}].
Diderot

states

a spiral of consumption

You often decide [what to do next based on {what you

have just finished doing}]. The various instruments in the orchestra can be traced
back to these primitive origins [their earliest forms
were made either from the animal (horn, hide, gut,
decide bone) or the weapons employed in bringing the animal
on under control (stick, bow)}].

tendency purchase
effect obtain
possession spiral these primitive origins
consumption spot either A or B A B the
go with remind weapons
laundry detergent
[Listening to Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Bruckner,

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 Berlioz, Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich, and other great
composers], I can easily summon up images of bands
of men [starting to chase animals], [using sound as a
source and symbol of dominance, an expression of the
will to predatory power].

I T h e a p p e a r a n c e a n d s u b s e q uent evolution of
bands of men [exceedingly primitive living organisms (bacteria-
like microbes and simple single-celled plants)] began
to change the atmosphere, [liberating oxygen and
respectable institution breaking down carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide].
trace back to
primitive hide
gut aggression
awe-inspiring assertiveness of
monumental repertoire
leading composer
summon up band This made it possible [for higher organisms to
chase dominance develop].
predatory charity
remedy it made
for higher organisms to

13 vapour carbon dioxide

nitrogen subsequent
evolution exceedingly
primitive organism
microbe liberate
45 break down nucleus pl nuclei
emergence concentration
requirement sustain
barrier consequence
constancy

20
1 5
14
3 1
3 7

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 It
every
time

clustered at random
more or less evenly
distributed in part
reputation
be suspicious of
cornfield recruit
regulatory zoning law
concentrate financier
show off amenity

15

But the real map of any given industry looks nothing

like that; it looks more [as if someone had thrown all
the darts in the same place].

as if

It would also be hard [to recruit workers {if every

time you needed a new employee you had to persuade
someone to move across the country, rather than just
poach one from your neighbor}].

The plant uses the color of the fruit [to signal to

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 predators {that it is ripe}], [which means {that the
seed’s hull has hardened — and therefore the sugar
content is at its height}].

to
signal
We are often faced with high-level decisions, [where
means we are unable to predict the results of those decisions].
As a result, the predator never receives the normal
message [that it is full].
high-level decisions

But I was not fully convinced of [how the outcome

the normal message would be].

predator consume of
ripe at its height
manufacture fructose
predict decision
glucose hunger-blocking
end up -ing altogether
win-win distribute
unpredictable dip
headfirst
enroll methodology
16 investment commit

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 116~123

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16

01

Copernicus

Joseph Lister

Emmeline Pankhurst Susan

B Anthony

B-2

They figure [that {if a lot of people are doing

something}, then it must be right].

figure

People may say [that there’s safety in numbers], but

that’s not always true.

say that there s

Some moth species have also evolved scales on their
safety in numbers not always
wings and a fur-like coat on their bodies; both act as
“acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing sound waves in
the frequencies [emitted by bats], [thereby preventing
those sound waves from bouncing back].

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 the frequencies

The B - 2 bomber and other “stealth” aircraft have

fuselages [made of materials {that do something similar
with radar beams}].
B-2

fuselages materials

natural selection prey

moth in response to Such influences enriched our mental landscape, and in
evolve detect fact our intelligence depends on the ability [to absorb
vocalization scale the lessons and ideas of those {who are older and
acoustic absorb wiser}].
sound wave emit
bounce bomber
stealth
aircraft beam
scarce sensory the ability to those
arms race
Just as the body tightens with age, however, so does
the mind.

02 Just as
so do be
does tightens with age

adolescence sway
novel encounter
affect absorb
landscape intelligence
tighten vulnerability
creeping superiority
advocate skeptical
burden individual

03

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 it for us
fear
believed

connectedness vulnerable
infection financial
make one s way characteristic
X contact investment
collective healthy
pull out distress
X
self-fulfilling troublesome
aspect
X

04

Taubes

Framingham

If we all woke up tomorrow and believed [that Bank X

would be insolvent], then it would become insolvent.
X

If
believed

In fact, it would be enough for us [to fear {that others

believed that Bank X was going to fail }], or just [to
fear our collective fear]!
X

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 Jean Froissart
Confounding factors are variables (known or unknown)
[that make it difficult {for epidemiologists to isolate
the effects of the specific variable being studied }].
Lincoln Churchill Gandhi Martin Luther
King Jr

variables it
for epidemiologists to Livy Tacitus
the specific variable

For example, Taubes argued [that {since many people

who drink also smoke}, researchers have difficulty
determining the link between alcohol consumption
and cancer].
Taubes

argued
many people The history writing of Livy or Tacitus, for instance, was
have difficulty -ing in part designed to examine the behavior of heroes and
villains, [meditating on the strengths and weaknesses
in the characters of emperors and generals], [providing
exemplars for the virtuous to imitate or avoid].
observational properly Livy Tacitus
insufficiently subject
confounding factor undermine
causal variable
epidemiologist consumption
similarly identify
correlation coronary French chronicler Jean Froissart said [he had written
reliability refrain his accounts of chivalrous knights {fighting in the
intervene Hundred Years’ War} “{so that brave men should be
inspired thereby to follow such examples}].”
Jean Froissart

05
said said
had
written chivalrous knights
so that

Livy Tacitus

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 on doctors}], but in practice a journalist can serve the
narrative establish public usually only by working for a news organization,
villain meditate [which can fire her or him at will].
strength weakness
emperor general
exemplar the virtuous
imitate account
knight oppression

argue
the same way

06 a news organization

Journalists’ income depends not on the public, but on

the employing news organization, [which often derives
the large majority of its revenue from advertisers].

not A but B A B the

employing news organization

journalism profession
practitioner medicine
clergy contain
income client
professional moreover
dependent on theoretical
nature organization
at will derive
majority revenue
advertiser

07

Journalists hold knowledge, but it is not theoretical

in nature; one might argue [that the public depends
on journalists in the same way {that patients depend

117

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 08

Devereux
Ginsburg

Devereux Ginsburg

According to many philosophers, there is a purely

logical reason [why science will never be able to
explain everything].

a purely logical reason

[If someone asks {why all bodies exert a gravitational

attraction on each other}], what should we tell them?

asks

philosopher purely
In one example of the important role of laughter in
logical to illustrate
social contexts, Devereux and Ginsburg examined
recall diverse
frequency of laughter in matched pairs of strangers
phenomenon pl phenomena
or friends [who watched a humorous video together]
gravity body
exert ~ on gravitational attraction compared to those [who watched it alone].
fundamental principle Devereux
moral generalize Ginsburg
make use of govern

matched pairs of strangers or friends

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 those

According to Devereux and Ginsburg, laughing with

strangers served to create a social bond [that made
each person in the pair feel comfortable].
Devereux Ginsburg

a social bond made

feel

laughter context Before the imposition of fines, parents felt guilty about
examine frequency arriving late, and guilt was effective in ensuring [that
match only a few did so].
pair
stranger humorous
nearly slightly
ensuring did so
serve bond
arrived late
differ rating
anxiousness imply [Once a fine was introduced], it seems [that in the minds
innermost of the parents the entire scenario was changed from a
social contract to a market one].

09
once
it
one contract

Predictably Irrational vivid fine

Dan Ariely discourage ~ from -ing
opposite imposition
guilty guilt
ensure contract
rate significantly
abandon put aside
compensate for undermine

10

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 Probably [that you’re just not good at maths], [which is
a pretty hard blow to your self-esteem].

8 you can conclude

self-handicap engage
behaviour intentionally
decent blow
self-esteem
1 C
be bound to do
paradox deliberately
C

11

[When self-handicapping], you’re engaging in

behaviour [that {you know} will harm your chances of
succeeding]: you know [that you won’t do as well on
the test {if you go out the night before}], but you do it Caspar David Friedrich The Monk by the Sea

anyway.

you are

When
behaviour
know

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 [So as not to bias us], she’d posed the question without
revealing the artist or title of the work.

so as to
to not

[To better understand your world], consciously

acknowledge [what you actually see] rather than guess
at [what {you think} you are supposed to see].
The marketing analytics companies perform machine
learning procedures, [slicing the data in new ways], and
[resell behavioral data back to product manufacturers
to as marketing insights].
acknowledge
at

The marketing analytics companies

project monk
and
unearth come up with
bias pose When data and machine learning become currencies
reveal consciously of value in a capitalist system, then every company’s
acknowledge reflect natural tendency is [to maximize its ability {to
analyze perspective conduct surveillance on its own customers}] because
the customers are themselves the new value-creation
devices.
12

is to its
ability to

profit reconsider
underlying motive
produce manufacture
loyalty card track
analytics
machine learning

slice insight

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 currency capitalist system Instead of taking the risky walk into the dark, we stay
tendency maximize within our current state, [however inferior it may be].
word-of-mouth

13 no matter how inferior it may be

chaos ambiguity
conviction complexity
formula yearning
Yuval Noah Harari pursue seemingly
risky inferior
weigh the pros and cons

14

28

5
Yuval Noah Harari

1 2

He knows [he lost his keys somewhere on the dark side

of the street] but looks for them underneath the lamp,
[because that’s where the light is].
5

knows that

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 TV

Neil Vidmar Milton Rokeach

All in the Family

Archie Bunker
Vidmar Rokeach Archie Bunker
Scientists [placed 28 dogs in front of a computer
Archie
monitor {blocked by an opaque screen}], then [played a
recording of {the dog’s human guardian or a stranger
saying the dog’s name five times through speakers in
Archie Bunker
the monitor}].
Bunker
28

5
Scientists
a computer monitor
of the dog s
human guardian or a stranger

[That they paused for an extra second or two] suggests

[that they realized {something was wrong}].

suggests
that realized
The show centers on a character [{named Archie
Bunker}, {an intolerant bigot who often gets into
block guardian fights with his more progressive family members }].
reveal companion
reaction videotape Archie Bunker
attentive typically a character
significantly gaze at
a character Archie
draw
Bunker an
make a prediction based on
intolerant bigot
puzzled detect
This demonstrates [why it’s a mistake {to assume that
a certain cultural product will have the same effect on

15 everyone }].

Archie Bunker
demonstrates it

assume

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 sociologist prove
encounter center on misjudge
intolerant absurd the events
racism intention
Ease of recall suggests [that if something is more easily
demonstrate prejudice
recalled in your memory, you think {that it will occur
with a high probability}].

16

suggests
think

availability heuristic
refer to assume
prevalent
recency frequency
magnitude limitation
Harvard Max Bazerman
fall victim to supervisor
evaluation probability
reliable objectively
dominate distort
9
3

9 3

We often misjudge [the frequency and magnitude of

the events {that have happened recently}] because of
the limitations of our memories.

124

영어_고2.indb 124 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 126~131

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12

01
The Knowledge

Greater London 2

50
2 3

In fact, fewer than 50 percent of the people [who sign

up for taxi driver training] pass the test, [even after
spending two or three years studying for it]!
50
2 3
the people

In fact, [the part of the brain {that has been most

frequently associated with spatial memory}], [the
tail of the sea horse-shaped brain region {called the
hippocampus}], is bigger than average in these taxi
drivers.

For more than a millennium after the fall of Rome,

European rulers lacked the ability [to assess {what their
people were producing}] and [to levy substantial taxes
{based on this}].
the part of the brain
the tail of the sea horse-shaped brain region

the ability to
assess
substantial taxes

125

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 The most striking way [to illustrate European
weakness] is [to show {how little revenue they
collected}].
Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other
variables [that don’t necessarily reflect the book] and
The most striking way to may not even consider the existing data.
is to
show

other variables not

thrive prosper necessarily
precisely remarkably
assess substantial
striking illustrate As an example, the rational way [to drive a car] is [to
revenue function always follow the laws].
awfully medieval
era emperor
extract exception the rational way to
is to

02 process rational
outcome current
ideal measure
assume involve
instinct intuition
variable reflect
consider pedestrian
vary depending on
appearance traffic
end up stuck
humanly

03

126

영어_고2.indb 126 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 04

Envy entails the admission to ourselves [that we are

inferior to another person in something {we value}].

the admission
something

Not only is it painful [to admit this inferiority], but it

is even worse [for others to see {that we are feeling
this}].
[Taking a stand] is important [because you become a
beacon for those individuals {who are your people,
Not only A but also B A B your tribe, and your audience}].
it
even worse
for others to
see
those individuals

tricky discern [Displaying your perspective] lets prospective (and

motivate entail current) customers know [that you don’t just sell your
admission be inferior to products or services].
cast
unwittingly
disguise distribution
resentment unfairness
lets let

127

영어_고2.indb 127 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 know know It would be very useful [to know in advance {what
would happen to your firm’s total revenue if you
increased your product’s price}].

take a stand individual

tribe viewpoint
It
display perspective
know
prospective retain
adjust function
align with
inflationary uncertainty
regarding fee

05
take out purchase
in advance revenue
differentiate

06
100
100
1
100 100

100

Say, for instance, [that you hold $100 in a bank account

{that has no fees and accrues no interest}].

100 Today’s “digital natives” have grown up immersed in

Say a digital technologies and possess the technical aptitude
bank account [to utilize the powers of their devices fully].

128

영어_고2.indb 128 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 the technical aptitude to

The lifespan of devices depends on [the quality of

software operating them] as well as [the structure of
hardware].
There is a pervasive idea in Western culture [that
humans are essentially rational, skillfully sorting fact
... as well as ~ from fiction, and, ultimately, arriving at timeless truths
depends on about the world].

digital native immersed in

possess aptitude a pervasive idea in Western culture
utilize device
technological literacy
mechanics elemental In this picture, [whether we succeed or fail] turns out to
principle lifespan be a matter of [whether individual humans are rational
empower utility and intelligent].
maximize

07 turns out of

essentially rational
sort ultimately
probability accurately
conversely attribute
disorder cognitive
bias intelligent
interaction

08

129

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 credible recommend
in direct proportion to
post

09

It’s easier [for a person to accept new values or ideas]

when they see [that others have already done so].

It
for a person to
see

If the person [they see] [accepting the new idea]

happens to be a friend, then social proof has even more
power by [{exerting peer pressure} as well as {relying
on the trust that people put in the judgments of their
close friends }].

Advertisers have admitted to taking advantage of the

fact [that it is easy {to make children feel that they are
losers if they do not own the ‘right’ products}].
the person
as well
as by the trust
the fact it

phenomenon concept The constant feelings of inadequateness [created by

proof happen advertising] have been suggested to contribute to
peer [children becoming fixated with instant gratification
controversial and beliefs {that material possessions are important}].

130

영어_고2.indb 130 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Hair [was regarded as a source of power {that
personified the individual}] and [could be used for
The constant feelings of inadequateness spiritual purposes or even to cast a spell].
children
beliefs
and
power

academic ethically Since it rests on the highest point on the body, hair
psychologist manipulate itself was a means [to communicate with divine spirits]
admit to take advantage of and it was treated in ways [that were thought to {bring
competitor peer good luck} or {protect against evil}].
unfavorable
thereby play on
vulnerability
inadequateness
contribute to a means to
ways or
were thought to

10 as far as spiritual
significance identity
personify cast a spell
divine pass down
attach container
17 healing enhance
effectiveness

11

Ayana
Byrd Lori Tharps

Cameroon

17

131

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 North Queensland Daintree

The major oceans are all interconnected, [so that their

geographical boundaries are less clear than those of the
continents].

those boundaries

Furthermore, [the gradients between the environments

of different areas of ocean water mass] are very
gradual and often extend over wide areas [that are
inhabited by a great variety of organisms of differing
ecological tolerances]. Marketing management is concerned not only [with
finding and increasing demand] but also [with
changing or even reducing it].

gradients
are extend wide is to not ~
areas but ...

The aim of demarketing is not [to completely destroy

demand], but only [to reduce or shift it to another time,
interconnected boundary
or even another product].
continent basin
rotate marine organism
dispersal larvae
current trap
mass extend is to not
inhabit ecological but
tolerance firm

demand overcrowded

12
power peak
excess demarketing
temporarily permanently
compensate shift

Uluru
Ayers Rock

132

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 01

C
B

C
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
1989
A

Species [that are found in only one area] [are called

endemic species] and [are especially vulnerable to C C
extinction]. These competing fir many competing
businesses

Species B B
this misconception C

Much of the moisture [that supported its rain forest

habitat] came in the form of moisture-laden clouds A

[blowing in from the Caribbean Sea].

the moisture Yes, costs rise, but consumers also gain information [to
moisture-laden clouds help make purchasing decisions].

information to help
134~141
to
01 02 03 04 make
05 06 07 08
In markets [where competitors sell slightly differentiated
09 10 11 12
products], advertising enables firms [to inform their
13 14 15 16
customers about new products and services].

133

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 [When evaluating a policy], people tend to concentrate
on [how the policy will fix some particular problem
markets {while ignoring or downplaying other effects it may
enables to have }].

competing in search of
purchase benefit
variety misconception
on
account for differentiated
other
drive up
effects

The tariff [that protects steelworkers] raises the price

of the steel [that domestic automobile makers need to
build their cars].

02
The tariff
the steel

evaluate fix
downplay unintended
B consequence competition
tariff impose
domestic manufacturer

A 03

C
B

A
C
A

134

영어_고2.indb 134 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 A

B
B B

C C
A

B
We cannot get by on reason alone [since any reason
always eventually leads to a feeling]. A
A
C
A C
since

You should be able to see by now [that reasons are

ultimately based on non-reason such as values, feelings,
or emotions].
The right to privacy is, among other things, the right
for information [traditionally regarded as {protected}
see
or {personal not to be revealed}].

assumption creature information

reason get by as
eventually wholegrain
The right [to be forgotten], in contrast, can be applied
deep-seated rarely
to information [that has been in the public domain].
effectively list
ultimately
The right to

04
information

distinct privacy
traditionally define
specific criminal
conviction domain
conflict exception
B security

135

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 05
a clever strategy
a clever strategy let
refine
DNA

C matter complexity
assume gene
Human Genome Project massively neuron
2 implement incompletely
refine draft
A
Human Genome Project
completion millennium

B 860

06

QWERTY

DNA

2 C QWERTY B
A
This number C about twenty 19 QWERTY
thousand C E O
B

QWERTY
A QWERTY

If DNA were the only thing [that mattered], there would

QWERTY
be no particular reason [to build meaningful social
programs {to pour good experiences into children and
protect them from bad experiences}]. QWERTY
DNA
B

the only thing C

particular reason to QWERTY
meaningful social programs to A

The answer relies on a clever strategy [implemented

by the genome]: build incompletely and let world A famous example is the QWERTY keyboard [used
experience refine. with your computer].

136

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 QWERTY mythos logos
A
the QWERTY keyboard
C
You might wonder [why this particular configuration
of keys, with its awkward placement of the letters,
became the standard].
But lots of scholars then and now — including many
anthropologists, sociologists and philosophers today
wonder — see a more complicated picture, [where mythos and
logos are intertwined and interdependent].

matter example mythos

replace ~ with logos
efficient coordinate a more complicated picture
placement awkward
era manual
physical jam The frames and metaphors [we use {to understand the
evolve world}] shape the scientific discoveries [we make];
they even shape [what we see].

07

logos mythos The frames and metaphors

the scientific discoveries
shape
logos mythos
logos
B mythos

roughly refer to
logos mythos
scholar anthropologist
sociologist complicated
A picture
interdependent
mythos logos symbol rationalist
prize conclude
C primitive frame
metaphor shape
transform calculation

08

logos mythos
logos
mythos B

137

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 the gradual involvement of the
B reader

length literary
C overwhelming feature
adequately illustrate
plot involvement
unfold
A
complex contrasting
extract advantage
obvious passage
have a greater chance of
monotony flavour
chunk satisfaction
pattern

B 09
C

Reading or translating a work in class, hour after hour, B

week after week, can be such a boring experience [that
many students never want to open a foreign language
book again].
2 4
A

such
that that
C
Moreover, there are some literary features [that cannot
be adequately illustrated by a short excerpt]: the
development of plot or character, for instance, with the
gradual involvement of the reader [that this implies];
or the unfolding of a complex theme through the
juxtaposition of contrasting views.

B
A
some literary features

138

영어_고2.indb 138 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 C B

21

They manage this feat through a combination of

[trade], [to support their way of life], and [geographic
C
isolation].

of
A
to of

Distinct cultural groups of similar size do not, in the

long run, persist in downtown Toronto, Canada, [where
they {come in contact with many outside influences}
and {pursue essentially Western paths for their lives}].

B
downtown Toronto Canada C
and
A

sustain independent
face And next time you hear a politician say [‘surveys
critical mass prove that the majority of the people agree with me’}],
individual feat be very wary.
combination trade
geographic isolation
Inuit occupy
territory cross-cultural
next time
contact sufficiently
say prove
interdependent cluster
number distinct
persist In other words, [if you ask people about individual
come in contact with welfare programmes such as {giving financial
pursue essentially help to people who have long-term illnesses }
path
and {paying for school meals for families with low
income}] people are broadly in favour of them.

10

such as
61 individual welfare programmes

139

영어_고2.indb 139 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 people

support assistance
Proposals to or
framing obtain
tax
measure welfare
in favour financial and to
long-term illness broadly But the expressive dimension of taxation goes beyond
exact negative debates about fairness, to the moral judgements
portray [societies make about {which activities are worthy of
honor and recognition}, and {which ones should be
11 discouraged}].

the moral judgements and

about

fairness taxation
A fall on
heavily tobacco
casino
sin tax
discourage harmful
undesirable disapproval
engage in combat
obesity carbon emission
C address climate change
norms dimension
recognition explicit
revenue

12

B A

C
Proposals [to tax {sugary sodas (to combat obesity)} 20
or {carbon emissions (to address climate change)}]
likewise seek to [change norms] and [shape behavior].

140

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 self-defeating extensive
B rewarding threaten
hold on to to the death
well into retain
pity stuck
simplicity
A

13

C C

B
B

Sadly, this remains true [as the final tribal peoples

get overwhelmed by those {who value money above
humanity}].

those losing something

lose your position
property possession or money
And they experienced rich and rewarding lives; we C C
know so [because {when their ways were threatened}, all these things
they fought to hold on to them , to the death].
B

A
to
them their ways

tribal overwhelm [To learn to let go, {to not cling and allow the flow
humanity end of the river}], is [to live without resistances]; being
contribute to the creators of constructive changes [that bring about
ultimately prove improvements and widen our horizons].

141

영어_고2.indb 141 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 A
C

to
To learn to let go to
is to
The invention of the mechanical clock was influenced
constructive changes
by monks [who lived in monasteries {that were the
In life, all these things come and go and then others examples of order and routine}].
appear, [which will also go].

monks monasteries
others

They ate [at meal time], rather than [when they were
cling resistance hungry], and went to bed [when it was time], rather
constructive horizon than [when they were sleepy].
constant accumulate
property possession
privilege prestige
rather than ate
rather than
went to bed
14
invention
mechanical
routine enormous
interval revolving
periodical yearly
B

15
A
17

B A

142

영어_고2.indb 142 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 C

B
B

[After we have implemented a strategy], we should

check in again to see [if it worked in the way {we had
hoped}].

After
C
if
see the way
B

It is important [that we {are aware when one of our A

cognitive biases is activated} and {make a conscious
choice to overcome that bias }].

In chess, it is [only after the basic movements of the

It
pieces have become automatic] that a player can focus
and that
on the next level of the game.
a conscious choice to

eliminate bias it is ~ that

impact objectivity
rationality implement
[When you know the simple movements so well {that
de-biasing cognitive you can perform them without thinking}], you are free
activate conscious to pay attention to more advanced details.
overcome be aware of

so ~ that ...
16 that

143

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 foundation mastery
automatic chunk
effortful mindless
at a cost fluency
sensitive backbone

It is, however, noteworthy [that although engagement

drives job performance, job performance also drives
engagement].

It

This is especially evident [when people are employed

in jobs {that align with their values}].

This
jobs

144

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 They try to separate the naturally occurring relationship
144~151 in the world by manipulating one specific variable at a
01 02 03 04 time, [while holding everything else constant].
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
by -ing

01

fundamental experimental
manipulation variable
potential identify
underlying overstate
correlate supplement
factor specific
constant

02

phyto

do create a situation that

doesn t actually occur in the real world

Scientists manipulate a variable of interest, and see [if

there’s a difference].

see

145

영어_고2.indb 145 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 These healthful non-nutritive compounds
phytochemicals 1 2

More and more research is surfacing [that shows us the

benefits of the thousands of colorful “phytochemicals”
( phyto=plant) {that exist in foods}].
phyto

More and more research

the thousands of colorful phytochemicals
phyto plant

Similarly, [if you avoid green-colored foods], you

may be lacking chlorophyll, [a plant antioxidant {that
guards your cells from damage}].
In the electric organ the muscle cells are connected in
larger chunks, [which makes the total current intensity
larger than in ordinary muscles].
chlorophyll a
plant antioxidant

This is an advantage [since the species {using the

non-nutritive compound
signal system} often live in large groups with several
function Mediterranean
other species].
incidence diet
whole grain palette
surface
benefit the species
phytochemical
miss out
anthocyanin chlorophyll
guard cell organ muscle
chunk current
intensity discharge

03 negatively electric field

contract frequency
vary advantage
interference

04

146

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 perceive disgusting
consume
antinutrient
unwell intuitively
innate intelligence
intuition justify
Steven Gundry genetic fragile
tolerate

蕾 05

does this tries to keep you

away from them these a r taste
as bad as before

It does this by making your taste buds perceive these

flavors as bad and even disgusting.
蕾

However
by -ing making
perceive

In the natural world, [if an animal consumes a plant

{with enough antinutrients to make it feel unwell], it
won’t eat that plant again. For populations [living in intensely sunny environments],
individuals with a good ability [to produce skin
pigments] are more likely to thrive, or to survive, than
people with a poor ability [to produce pigments], and
a plant that trait becomes increasingly common in subsequent
generations.

147

영어_고2.indb 147 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 populations
a good ability to
a poor ability to

The distinctive long neck of a giraffe, for example,

developed [as individuals {that happened to have This temperature is of [the surface of the star], [the
longer necks} had an advantage in feeding on the part of the star {which is emitting the light that can be
leaves of tall trees]. seen }].

as the part of
individuals the star the light

One way of measuring temperature occurs if an object

capacity inherited
is hot enough to visibly glow, such as a metal poker
adaptation involve
population characteristic
[that has been left in a fire].
acclimation in response to
acclimate concentration
temporary thrive way occurs enough
trait subsequent a
distinctive metal poker

06
temperature emit
measure object
glow poker
be related to astronomer
distance precise
conceal

07

Principia On the Revolutions

of the Heavenly Spheres The Harmonies of
the World Dialogues Concerning the Two
New Sciences Transactions of the Royal
Society of London

148

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 establish reputation
Origin of Species contribution treatment
status depend on
publication

08
Annalen der
Physik

This modus operandi is illustrated not only [by

Newton’s Principia], but also [by Copernicus’ On
the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Kepler’s
The Harmonies of the World, and Galileo’s Dialogues
Concerning the Two New Sciences].
Principia
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
The Harmonies of the World Dialogues
Concerning the Two New Sciences
A B not only
A but also B

Even so, it eventually became possible [for scientists

to establish a reputation for their creative contributions
without publishing a single book-length treatment of
their ideas].
[Although sport clubs and leagues may have a fixed
supply schedule], it is possible [to increase the number
of consumers {who watch}].

it for
scientists to
it
consumers
revolutionary concerning
special theory of relativity
paper advent A supply schedule refers to the ability of a business [to
periodical yield change their production rates {to meet the demand of
journal altogether consumers}].

149

영어_고2.indb 149 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 [dragging them back into the atmosphere, where they
will burn up}].
the ability of a business to
to

includ and
fixed production rate the atmosphere
production level inflexible
inelastic it is worth -ing
revenue distribution Ways [we could do this] include [{using a harpoon to
grab a satellite}, {catching it in a huge net}, {using
magnets to grab it}, or even {firing lasers to heat up the
09 satellite, increasing its atmospheric drag so that it falls
out of orbit}].

25

Ways
or
include

debris orbit
tricky enforce
tackle come up with
novel drag
atmosphere grab
atmospheric drag

10

them
smaller pieces of debris such as bits of paint and
metal

These include [removing dead satellites from orbit] and

150

영어_고2.indb 150 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 However
9999
1

For example, [to minimize the financial risk {associated

with the capital cost of tooling and equipment for
production of a large, complex system}], a manufacturer
might subcontract the production of the system’s
However
major components to suppliers familiar with those
components.

to the However, some types of beliefs cannot be tested for

financial risk truth because we cannot get external evidence in our
lifetimes (such as a belief [that the Earth will stop
This relieves the manufacturer of the financial risk
spinning on its axis by the year 9999] or [that there is
[associated with the tooling and equipment {to produce
life on a planet 100-million light-years away]).
these components}].
9999
1

the financial risk

the tooling and equipment to
a belief or

inherit uncertainty
This means [that beliefs can be tested to see {if they are
contract financial
correct or false}].
associate tooling
equipment component
supplier relieve
end-item means see

11
external
spin on one s axis

151

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 verify objective It s that
criterion pl criteria sphere and
meta-physical present a challenge
The incompressibility of water is also [why waves can
considerable be willing to
have such deadly power], and in the case of tsunamis,
[why they can destroy buildings and cities], [tossing
cars around easily].
12

and is
they tsunamis

impact liquid
foam
stir sting
belly-flop
incompressibility toss

13

important pivotal

But

It’s [that force] that [stings your skin as you belly-flop

into a pool], and [makes falling into water from a great
height like landing on concrete].

152

영어_고2.indb 152 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 however

Consider [how two components of a car relate to a

consumer’s purchase decision: {tires and interior
design}].

Consider
two components of a car

Yet tires generally do not influence purchase decisions

[because safety standards guarantee {that all tires will
be very safe and reliable}].

It is important [to remember {that computers can only

carry out instructions that humans give them }].
guarantee

It
in terms of remember
overall portable instructions
dock resource
pivotal component Even with sophisticated artificial intelligence, [which
consumer impact enables the computer to learn and then implement {what
performance guarantee it learns}], the initial programming must be done by
reliable feature humans.
optimal

14 sophisticated artificial intelligence

implement

independent formulate
accurately combine

153

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 synergy exceed
sum separately
sophisticated artificial intelligence is the
enable implement potential social skills
combination efficient
processing
continual
communicate
15 at the same time conceal
proper functioning
ancestor survive
constantly nonverbal
cue expressive
elaborate leak out
posture fixate
potential

16

1956 13
Bobby Fischer Donald Byrne

Fischer

these counterforces
Fischer
Fischer Byrne

By sheer habit, we fixate on the words [people say],

while also thinking about [what we’ll say next].

Yet
the words about
Fischer
Fischer
[What this means] is [that we are using only a small
percentage of the potential social skills {we all possess}].

154

영어_고2.indb 154 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 Yet today if you program that same position into an
ordinary chess program, it will immediately suggest the
exact moves [that Fischer made].

Fischer
the exact moves

It’s not [because the computer has memorized the

Fischer-Byrne game], but rather [because it searches
far enough ahead to see {that these moves really do pay
off}].
Fischer Byrne

not ~ but
rather ...
see

program
move boundary
uniquely remarkably
grandmaster knight
seemingly queen
capture insane
praise pay off

Participants in a study were asked to [fixate on various

products {moving across a large computer screen}] and
then [indicate {whether the items appealed to them}].

were asked to
various products
indicate

Participants preferred vertically moving products

[without being aware {that their “yes” and “no” head
movements had played a key role in their decisions}].

aware

155

영어_고2.indb 155 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 those {whose original motivation was to reduce
154~159 personal distress}].
01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12

01 found
individuals be likely to

those
2006 9 11
However, those [who gave {to reduce others’ distress}]
did not stop empathizing with victims [who continued
to struggle long after the attacks].

9 11
those
to stop
victims

conduct assistance
motive discomfort
motivation effect
stem from discharge
empathize struggle

02

A B

In the study, they found [that individuals {who gave

money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance
because of other-focused motives (giving to reduce
another’s discomfort)} were almost four times more
likely to still be giving support one year later than

156

영어_고2.indb 156 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 such as
tell

puzzle distinguish
dimension evolution
vertical gravity
positioning sensory
horizontal relevant
equally upside down
invert artificial

A B
03

Scientists propose [that this occurs {because, although

we experience three dimensions , only two had a
strong influence on our evolution}]: the vertical
dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile species,
the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning
of sensory and feeding mechanisms.
8

propose

90

In fact, [when observing a scene {containing plants,

animals, and man-made objects such as cars or street
signs}], we can only tell [when left and right have been
inverted {if we observe those artificial items}].

when A B
a scene

157

영어_고2.indb 157 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 One of the people had a name [that suggested {they
were from a similar ethnic or religious background to
the teenager}].

a name suggested

The study showed [that the teenagers were prepared to

earn an average of 8% less {if they could work with
someone they thought came from the same ethnic or
religious background}].

A B
8
showed

investigate prejudice
blind assumption
ethnic evident Environmental advocates agree [there is still a long way
majority minority to go {to ensure shoppers are adequately informed
colleague about the environmental impact of the products they
buy }].

04

agree
to ensure

However, this strategy can seriously backfire [when

consumers find out {they are being deceived}].
CFC-free

find out

mislead range

158

영어_고2.indb 158 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 claim irrelevant
puffery exaggerate
vague unverifiable
laundry detergent advocate
ensure adequately
The great irony of performance psychology is [that it
impact attract teaches each sportsman to believe, as far as he is able,
conscious purchase that he will win}].
in the short term backfire
deceive
is believe

05
Progress is made by ignoring the evidence; it is about
creating a mindset [that is immune to doubt and
uncertainty].

by -ing a mindset

irony indulge
skepticism stock in trade
progress refute
accordingly rocket
advance immune
uncertainty rational
perspective nothing less than
convince possibility
proportion get away with

06

20

A B

159

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 07

Guy Mayraz

Mayraz

Mayraz
A B

Mayraz

Recall the last time [you rode 20 stories in an elevator

{packed with total strangers}].
20

the last time an

elevator

[With your physical space violated], you may have

tried to create “psychological” space by avoiding eye
contact, [focusing instead on the elevator buttons].
A
B

with
may have p p

by -ing

He asked each person [to predict {where the price

reliable indicator would move next}] and offered them a reward [if
acquaintance violate their forecasts came true].
packed nonverbal
channel
compensate for
constant asked to
predict

160

영어_고2.indb 160 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 A
B
They let their hopes influence their reasoning.

let influence

behavioral experimental
subject stock Results from the study indicate [that participants {who
wheat predict listen to rhythmic music} were inclined to cooperate
reward forecast more irrespective of factors like age, gender, and
participant prospect academic background, compared to those {who listened
opposite contradict to less rhythmic music}].
disregard

08
indicate
participants
those

[When people are in a more positive state of mind],

they tend to become more agreeable and creative, while
those [on the opposite spectrum] tend to focus on their
individual problems rather than giving attention to
solving group problems.

those

mold impact
indicate participant
rhythmic
be inclined to do
cooperate irrespective of
factor gender
academic background boost
willingness agreeable
spectrum focus on
give attention to
pull steady
pulse tempo

161

영어_고2.indb 161 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 09 like

briefly memorize
digit opt for
Iowa
desire fattening
figure out impulse
minor distraction
63 emotional intellective
59 load

10

2011 Micah Edelson

2

A B

[When the number {the students memorized} was

seven digits long], 63% of them chose the cake.
63

the number
them the students

[If the reflective brain is busy figuring something

else out like {trying to remember a seven-digit A B
number}] then impulse can easily win.

162

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 Four days later, they could still remember the details
and didn’t allow their memories [to be swayed] [when
they were presented with any false information about
the film].
4

allow

Even after they found out [that the other answers {had She field
been fabricated} and {didn’t have anything to do with
the documentary}], it was too late.

A B
found out
and

conduct experiment
external factor
manipulation participant To begin with, the team [measured the seriousness of
documentary a series of each participant’s hobby, {asking them to rate their
response correctly
agreement with statements like “I regularly train for
recall detail
this activity,”}] and also [assessed {how similar the
sway false
demands of their job and hobby were}].
fake upon -ing
incorrect draw
fabricate distinguish
modify fit

and the team

11 the team

assessed
Then, each month for seven months, participants
She field [recorded {how many hours they had dedicated to their
129 activity}], and [completed a scale {measuring their
belief in their ability to effectively do their job , or their
“self-efficacy }].”
7

163

영어_고2.indb 163 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 and participants
recorded
a scale

shape statement One widely held view is [that self-interest underlies

assess participant all human interactions, that our constant goal is to
dedicate effectively {maximize rewards} and {minimize costs}].
self-efficacy dissimilar

12
is
and to

Others believe [that we help {because we have been

socialized to do so}, through norms {that prescribe how
we ought to behave }].

believe
norms
prescribe

self-interest
underlie
interaction constant
maximize reward
minimize accountant
analysis utilitarianism
psychologist discomfort
approval socialize
norm prescribe
status reciprocity norm
compel

A B

164

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 164~175

01 02 03 04
05 06 07 08
01 02 09 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24

01~02
01 02

1680 50
2

Vincent
Emily
50
Vincent
Emily
1
50

AARP American Association of Retired Persons

[Managing people] is about [being aware of their

unique personalities].

about 01
It’s also about [empathy and adaptability], and
[knowing {how the things you do and say will be
interpreted}] and [adapting accordingly].

about
about
knowing
the things

165

영어_고2.indb 165 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 02

e unnoticeable striking

And [since older people had accumulated more

knowledge], the social norm was [that {to be over
fifty} was {to be wise}].

50

was
to
was to

It is clear [that in today’s world our social norms need

03
to be updated quickly].

It

unusual as a consequence
oral accumulate
norm perception
shift advent 04
literacy fade
chronological biological e less more
adapt stereotype

Events or experiences [that are out of ordinary] tend

to be remembered better because there is nothing
03~04 [competing with them] [when your brain tries to access
03 04 them from its storehouse of remembered events].

Events or experiences
nothing

2
In other words, the reason [it can be difficult {to
remember what you ate for breakfast two Thursdays
ago}] is [that there was probably nothing special

166

영어_고2.indb 166 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 about that Thursday or that particular breakfast]
consequently, all your breakfast memories combine
together into a sort of generic impression of a breakfast.
2

the reason
it
is

05
compete with access
storehouse consequently
generic merge
efficient extract
abstract routine
routinize content
distinctive

06

05~06
b aware unaware
05 06

A neuropsychologist, Michael Gazzaniga conducted

Michael Gazzaniga a study [that shows {that our brains excel at creating
coherent (but not necessarily true) stories that deceive
us }].
Michael Gazzaniga

a study shows
coherent but not
necessarily true stories

Gazzaniga then asked participants [why they chose the

Gazzaniga
card {that they did}].
Gazzaniga

asked
Gazzaniga the card

167

영어_고2.indb 167 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 JOMO
neuropsychologist
conduct deceive
hemisphere connection JOMO
process generate
subject fabricate
rationalization relevant

08
JOMO
07~08
07 08
e activate free up
FOMO JOMO

Our digital habits, [which include constantly checking

FOMO emails, and social media timelines], have become so
firmly established, it is nearly impossible [to simply
enjoy the moment, along with the people {with whom
we are sharing these moments}].
FOMO
70

Our digital habits

it
the people
JOMO FOMO
Instead of constantly trying to keep up with the rest
of society, JOMO allows us [to be {who we are in the
present moment}].
JOMO
JOMO
allows to
be

JOMO pressure a sense of duty

obligate combine
wear down survey
disconnect constantly
content tune out
appreciate intentional
07 acknowledge keep up with
FOMO competitive conquer
priority

168

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 09~10
09 10
suggests
others

In group polarization, a period of discussion pushes

group members to take more extreme positions in the
direction [that they were already inclined to prefer].

the direction

common sense moderate

polarization extreme
be inclined to do
reverse conformity
tendency affiliate
reinforcement counterargument
opposing exposure
conflicting

11~12
11 12

09

Robert Albert

10

Wilbur Orville Wright

d changing keeping Wright

Common sense suggests [that discussion with others

{who express different opinions} should produce more
moderate attitudes for everyone in the group]. Orv

169

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 Wilbur argument last
ceaseless quarrel
reflect prolonged
critical assumption
soar

11
13~14
13 14

Wright

12
Wilbur Orville Wright

Wright
e support
rethink

[Being able to have a good fight] doesn’t just make us

more civil; it also develops our creative muscles.

When the Wright brothers said [they thought together],

[what they really meant] is [that they fought together].
Wright

said
is
13

civil classic
technically competent
original peer
friction note
anything but verbally
abusive shy away from
conflict stand up for

170

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 14

d sensible foolish

24
If you are not a fan of stories, you might imagine [that
the best world is a world without them, {where we can
only see the facts in front of us}].

imagine a
world

It is far better [for each of us to make a show of

strength, to tell the story of how our victory is
15
inevitable].

It for each
of us to

populate evolution
alert natural selection
gene conflict 16
plunge into signal
puff up chest c
roar bare minimum massive
navigate sensible
inevitable convincing
Many of us tend to assume [that {using email} requires
little more than the electricity {used to power our
computers}].
15~16
15 16

assume

the electricity

[The more messages we send, receive and store, the

more servers are needed] — [which means more energy
consumed, and more carbon emissions].

171

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 17

the the

in this day and age

consider impact
virtual at first glance 18
tend to do assume
overlook invisible e confident
involve incredible overcautious
transmit countless
emission conscious
In the story, the fox and the cat discuss [how many
by no means mindful
ways {they have} {to escape their hunters}].

discuss

17~18 how many ways

to
17 18
But [unable to decide {which one would be the best}],
he fails to act and gets caught by the dogs.

he being
decide

analysis ancient
escape illustrate
phenomenon due to
available
alternative intention
indefinitely factor
erroneous potential
catastrophic consequence
impact confident
involve

19~20
19 20

172

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 all those connections

You couldn’t send a text message to your friends to

13
find out [where they were] — you had to go out and
visit them, remember [where you last saw them] or
150
imagine [where they might have gone].

find out remember imagine

evolutionary biologist
sociability fossil
extend considerable
maintain spatial
Ariane Burke motivation anthropologist
ancestor attribute
keep in touch with
eventually primed
foster sophisticated
adapt extinct
badlands circle

21~22
19 21 22

20

e useless helpful
FAA
NASA

[Remembering all those connections], [who was related

to whom, and where they lived] required considerable
processing power. NASA
NASA

FAA

173

영어_고2.indb 173 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25

 helped
FAA realize

commercial aviation
NASA
submit numerous
FAA
self-induced
pressure voluntary
semi-anonymous personnel
acquire detach
contact information enforce
21
penalty independently
invoke certificate
suspension receipt
exempt sufficient
anonymous flexible
manual controversy

22 23~24
NASA 23 24

d rejected submitted

This meant [that NASA no longer knew {who had

reported the error}], [which made it impossible {for
24 7
the airline companies or the FAA (which enforced
penalties against errors) to find out who had submitted
the report }].
NASA

FAA

meant
knew
it
find
out

These reports also helped the pilots [realize {that

their error reports were valuable tools for increasing
safety}].

23

174

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 01 02 03

A Jack 1960 20

24
Jack

Jack

e positive negative

C 26 Jack
Jack
The new manager had to put significant time and effort Jack
into repair and maintenance of the machines, [which Jack
resulted in lower production and thus a loss of profits].

Jack

The earlier manager had only taken care of the goal of

D
production and ignored the machinery [although he had
short-term good results].

Jack Michele

machinery capacity
span utilization B Jack
downtime recovery
maintenance profitability Jack Michele
promote manufacturing Jack
location significantly
production thus Jack
ignore ultimately
consequence overuse

He was sure [that he would enjoy the creative and

social aspects of it] and [that he’d be successful].

175

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 and sure Amelia
Henrietta
Jack understood [that his father feared adoption, in this
case especially {because the child was of a different
D Henrietta
racial background than their family}].
Jack

understood

B Amelia Steininger
In following his path, Jack not only ran three
flourishing hair shops, but also helped his clients Henrietta
experience their inner beauty by listening and
encouraging them [when they faced dark times].
Jack
Amelia
C Henrietta

not only A but also B A B Henrietta

by -ing

01
Henrietta
Amelia
180~191

01 02 03 04 A
05 06 07 08
09 10 11 12
D
13 14 15 16
Amelia
17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 B
25 26 27 28
29 30 31 32 C
33 34 35 36 02
Henrietta b Amelia

01~03 03
Amelia
01 02 03
Henrietta

She had to go through a severe struggle [before she

A Henrietta attained the enviable position as the greatest singer
{Germany had produced}].

176

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 McGraw

before D McGraw
as the greatest
singer

She used to be a great singer, but she lost her voice,

McGraw
and she cried so much about it that now she can’t see
Wylder
anymore.
Jonny
Wylder

so that
C McGraw

And who can doubt [that with the applause of that vast
audience there was mingled the applause of the angels
in heaven {who rejoice over the good deeds of those
below}]? McGraw

B Wylder

doubt the
angels in heaven

go through severe
struggle attain Wylder McGraw
enviable defeat
acquaintance undertake
in vain benefit
occasion applause 04
mingle rejoice Wylder
deed
McGraw
A McGraw

04~06 D
04 05 06 C
McGraw
B

A Wylder 05
Wylder d Coach McGraw

06
McGraw

177

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 D Chanel
[Approaching the field], he saw players getting ready, Vasha
[pulling up their socks and strapping on shin guards]. Chanel Vasha
Vasha

saw
getting
C Chanel Vasha
Vasha Chanel
It was encouraging [to hear Coach talk about this], [to
see him face the challenge head-on].
Vasha
12 13

It
hear see talk face B Chanel
Chanel 10
This is [how I want you {to be on and off the field: Vasha
together}].
Chanel
Vasha
is want
to
07
Chanel Vasha
tryout
strap on A
guard shade Vasha Chanel
garage pole
D Vasha
location stretch out
Chanel
encouraging head-on
C
be satisfied with rearrangement
Chanel
immediately posture
separately roar B
make sure hop 08
Chanel e Vasha
09
07~09 12 13 Chanel
07 08 09

At first, Chanel did not like practicing with Vasha

A Chanel [because {every time Vasha shot the ball}, it went in].
Vasha Chanel Vasha
Vasha

Chanel every time whenever

178

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 [Chanel appreciated her], but [Vasha wasn’t making
her feel any better].
Chanel Vasha

but

10
making feel

Vasha wanted to help her twin improve.

Vasha A

help to D

improve
B

twin bouce C

11
disappointed intense
tie frustrated
c
in a row sting
comforting appreciate 12

10~12
10 11 12 There was a very wealthy man [who was bothered by
severe eye pain].

a very wealthy man

A
If only you had purchased a pair of green glasses for
just a few dollars, you could have saved these walls,
trees, pots, and everything else and you could have
saved a large share of his fortune.

D
If only had p p ~
have p p

He got together a group of painters and purchased

barrels of green paint and ordered [that every object
B
{he was likely to see} be painted green just as the
monk had suggested].

C
ordered

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 order should
be
ordered
had suggested every
object
13

A
bother severe
consult treat
galaxy expert D
medicate injection D
persist servant
fortune prescription B
desperate C

14
e
13~15
15
13 14 15 B

A
[Arriving at his seat], he greeted his travel companions:
a middle-aged woman [sitting at the window], and a
little boy [sitting in the aisle seat].

D
a middle-aged woman
a little boy
1
He found it strange [that such a young boy would be
traveling alone], so he decided to keep an eye on him [to
make sure he was okay].
B

it
to

The pilot told everyone to [{fasten their seat belts}

C and {remain calm}], [as they had encountered rough
weather].

told to
to

180

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 told John
had encountered John
John

board companion
middle-aged aisle 16
nervous grab John
tightly meanwhile John
neatly incredibly
apologize bumpy John John
descent make sure A
encounter rough weather
C
John
B
16~18 John
16 17 18 D
17
John c

A John
18

John

John John
John’s laughter was so contagious [that {when John
started feeling ticklish}, everyone ended up in endless
laughter].
John John

John so ~ that ...

C John
John
Not everyone could do it.

not everyone

John
B From that day onward, the fact [that John was different]
actually made him happy, thanks to his special gift.
John
John
the fact

D sensitive breeze
touch burst out

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 contagious end up in Jennifer
endless control
ticklishness
shave
clown cheer up 19
orphaned completely Jennifer
light up retire A
carry on replace
serious shelter D
add gift
C
Jennifer B

19~21
20
19 20 21 Jennifer d
Jennifer 21
Jennifer

A Jennifer

She must have not had enough money [to get

something {to eat}].

Jennifer must have p p

enough money
D to something
Jennifer to

From that day on, Jennifer has helped people in trouble,

especially mothers [struggling to raise children].
Jennifer

mothers

C Jennifer The homeless woman, [who {Jennifer thought} did not

have money to buy herself anything to eat], went into
the store.
Jennifer Jennifer

Jennifer The homeless woman

B Jennifer
gas station notice
appearance worn
Jennifer pity selfless

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 struggle to pay attention to A
puppy in need of Melanie
D

22~24 B
22 23 24
Melanie C

A Melanie
23
Melanie d
Melanie Melanie

Melanie 24
Mr Edler Melanie
However he wasn t interested in her dance

D Melanie
Mr Edler Melanie
Melanie [Disappointed], they returned home, [tears rolling down
Melanie’s cheeks].
Melanie

they Being
Melanie they
B Melanie tears
Melanie
[Upon meeting the dance teacher, Mr. Edler], her
mother requested to admit Melanie to his institute.
Mr Edler Melanie
Melanie
Melanie
Upon -ing

flawless enthusiasm
C Melanie polish confidence
ego keep an eye on
Melanie roam incredible
performance sparkle
Melanie embarrassed accompany
Melanie world-renowned
institute task
aspire

25~27
22
Melanie 25 26 27
Melanie

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 26
A d

27
I would rather be a poor
shoemaker as I was before shoemaker

Next door to the shoemaker [lived a rich man].

He wrote a letter to the shoemaker [asking him to visit].

C

a letter

cheerful used to do
no longer seize
would rather out of sight
hide chimney
uneasy in a little while
B
dig bury
it is no use -ing as for
miserable utter
note to one s surprise

28~30
28 29 30

25
A Emma

Martha Fred
A

Martha
D

C
C Emma

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 Fred
Emma
wondered

[Puzzled], she opened it.

B Emma

she Being
Martha

Fred Martha
drop by add
Martha Emma confused wonder
overnight kneel
glance content
D whisper fold
seal envelope
contain countless
Emma Martha
hold out puzzle
blow touched
Emma
can t help but
Amelia
respond wipe

Martha
Emma
31~33
31 32 33

28
A
Martha Emma

A Emma
C Martha
B
D
C
29
Martha b Emma

30
Martha Emma
Martha ran into Emma s room and saw a small
red box that was half open
B
25

She wondered [how the candies and cookies had

become toys overnight].

185

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 D
spend -ing
trains
to

conductor loudspeaker
deliver a message
announcement destination
track rail map
timetable hop

31
figure out

I A
34~36
C 34 35 36
I Alice
I
B
A Maria Sutton
Maria
I
D
Maria
32 Maria
c
7 Alice

33 C Karen 25
I 25 3
I had made it just in time to catch my 2
train to Rome Maria Karen

Maria Alice

I was really glad she was headed the same way [because
D Alice
it would have been hopeless {for me to figure it out on
4 30
my own}].
Maria

Maria
it
Maria
for me to

This woman spent her entire day sitting on trains Alice Maria
[taking her hours away from her home just {to help out Maria 300
a confused tourist visiting her country}]. Karen

186

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 B Maria Alice
Karen Karen Maria income collapse
Alice enthusiastic astonished
Alice unload disbelief
Karen Karen multiply representative
fall through disappear
Maria determination coworker
Alice plenty

34
Maria
A
C
Alice
D

Maria Alice
Karen B

35
Alice e Maria

36
2 Maria
Karen

Every Christmas season, [knowing {how much children

loved presents at Christmas}], Maria tried to arrange a
special visit from Santa Claus for one family.

Maria

Maria
knowing

This year’s lucky family was a 25-year-old mother

[named Karen] and her 3-year-old son, [who she was
raising by herself].
Karen 25
3
a 25-year-old mother
her 3-year-old son

187

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영어_고2.indb 188 23. 10. 16. 오후 3:25
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