A REPORT ON

“DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL SHED AND ANALYSIS

BY STAAD PRO SOFTWARE”
SUBMITTED TO

WALCHAND COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

SANGLI
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE)

Under the course

STEEL STRUCTURES DESIGN AND DRAWING

(6CV342)
(MINI PROJECT)

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-

2024

Submitted by

Kartik Patil (21110018)

Aman Malgave (21110029)

Class: T.Y.B.Tech. Civil Batch: C-2

Under the guidance of

Prof. Dr. C. B. Pol

1
Department of Applied Mechanics
1. SITE VISIT TO SUDARSHAN ALUMINIUM

PVT.LTD., MIDC MIRAJ, SANGLI.

INFORMATION:

Sudarshan is the steel industry in the MIDC Miraj, Sangli. It produces steel bars
& Steel Stands.

PRODUCTS:
 Steel Articles
 Steel stands

Details of visited truss:

Span of truss=20m

Total height of truss= 16m

Length of shed=40m

No of gates provided= 4 gates

Type of gate= shutter type

No of industrial sheds= 3

2
 2. DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL SHED

11.56m
6m

20m

2. DETAILING OF TRUSS

1. Type of truss – Fink Type Truss

2. Effective span of truss – 20m
3. Rise of truss – 6m
4. Spacing of truss- 4m c/c
5. Length of principal rafter-11.56m
6. Panal length-2.89m
7. Sloping area of roof supported by truss-92.48 m2
8. Total area of roof supported by a truss- 80 m2
9. Location of truss- Miraj MIDC area
10. Slope of truss Ø = 31o
11. Height of truss= 16 m

2.1.CALCULATION OF LOADS ON FINK TRUSS

 Dead load calculation

Roof covering ( According to IS 875 (part 1), table 1-39, class 1)
Thickness of sheet= 1.6 mm
Corrugated GI sheet=131N/m2

1. Purlins
=100N/m

3
2. Total weight of truss W=(L/3 +5)*10
=116.67N/m2
3. Wind bracing=12-13N/m2
=13N/m2

Total dead load calculations

=(13+131+116.67) x (4 x 2.89)+(100 x 4)
=3413 N Say =3.413 kN
Dead load on intermediate panals
=3.413KN
Dead load on end panals
=3.413/2=1.706kN

 Live load calculations ( IS 875 part 2, IMPOSE LOAD, table 2 sr no 1(ii)

1. Live load = 750-(Ø-10)*20

=750-(31-10)*20
=330N/m2.
Live load on intermediate panel
=Live Load x Spacing of truss on both sides.
=330 x 4 x 2.89
=3.814 kN
Live Load on end panel
=3.814/2=1.907kN

4
 Wind load calculations ( According to IS-875 part 3),

Location of truss @ Miraj MIDC

Vb=33 m/s
Vz=Vb*k1*K2*k3
Vz= design speed at any height

1. K1=probability factor( risk coefficient )(According to clause (5.3.1), table 1)

For 50 years,
K1=1

2. K2=terrain height & structure size factor (According to clause (5:3.2.2))

From table No. 2 Page No.12
IS875:Part 3(1987)
For terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having heights upto 10m
Category-3
Class A
K2=1.01

3. K3=topography factor (According to clause 5.3.3.1, appendix c)

When Ɵ is greater than 30
K3=1

Load acting on truss=Pz=0.6*Vz2

=0.6*(Vb*k1*K2*k3)2
=0.66kN/m2
Calculation of external & internal air pressure coefficients.
i) External Air Pressure Coefficient.
According IS 875 part 3
Force acting on truss in wind direction
F= (CPe-CPi)*A*Pa*Pz
CPe-external pressure coefficient
CPi-internal pressure coefficient
CPe values (According to IS 875 part 3 clause 6.2.2.2)

5
For 0.5Mh/w≤1.5

Ɵ Wind EF Lee EG

30 -0.2 -0.8

31 -0.17 -0.8

45 +0.2 -0.8

ii) Internal air pressure coefficient.

Cpi= internal pressure coefficient
Low permeability, about 5-20% of wall area open clause 6.2.3
CPi=±0.5

Wind Load
a) Windward Side
= (CPe-Cpi)*Pd*A
=[-0.1376-0.5]x 0.55 x 8 x 2.795
=-3.92kN
=3.92kN (Uplift)
Wind load on intermediate panel=-3.92kN
Wind load on end panel=-3.92/2=-1.96kN

b) Leeward Side
= (CPe-Cpi)*Pd*A
=[-0.7-0.5]x 0.55 x 8 x 2.795
=-7.38kN
=7.38kN (Uplift)
Wind load on intermediate panel=-7.38kN
Wind load on end panel=-7.38/2=-3.69kN

6
 2.2 DESIGN OF MEMBERS

2.2.1 DESIGN OF PURLIN

 STEP 1
Span =4m
Spacing=2.89
Ɵ=310
Loads acting on purlin
1. Dead load
GI sheet= 131 N/m
Self weight of purlin= 100 N/m
Total Load=231 N/m
2. Live load acting on purlin=382*2.89cosƟ=946.29N/m=946 N/m
3. Wind load acting on purlin=-1.3 x 0.66 x 2.89=-2480N/m

 STEP 2
Component of load along x-x axis( parallel to roof) and component along y-y axis
(normal to roof )
1. Dead load Wdy=231*cos(31)=198N/m
Wdx=231sin(31)= 119N/m

2. Live load Wly=946*cos(31)=811N/m

Wlx=946*sin(31)=487N/m
3. Wind load Wwy=-2480 N/m
Wwx=0 N/m

7
 STEP 3

Factored load combination

1. 1.5(D.L+L.L) = 1.5(198+811)=1513.5N/m
2. 1.5(D.L+W.L)= 1.5(198-2480)=-3423N/m Y direction
3. 1.2(D.L+L.L+W.L)= 1.2(198+811-2480)=-2942 N/m

1. 1.5(D.L+L.L) =1.5(119+487)=909 N/m

2. 1.5(D.L+W.L)=1.5(119+0)=178.5N/m X Direction
3. 1.2(D.L+L.L+W.L)=1.2(119+487)=727.2 N/m

Hence, among these combinations

1.5(D.L+W.L) =Critical section
Wy=-3423 N/m
Wx= 179 N/m

 STEP 4
Bi-axial bending moment
Mx=(Wy/l2)/10= (3423*16)/10=5477 N/m
My=(Wx/l2)/10=(179*16)/10=286.4 N/m

 STEP 5
Selection of angle
Width of angle parallel to roof = L/60 =4000/60=66.67 mm
Depth of angle normal to roof = 88.89 mm

PROVIDE ISA 90*90*6

Ixx=80.10*104 mm4Iyy=80.10*104 mm4

Cxx=65.8 mm Cyy=24.2 mm

Zxx=Ixx/ymax= 12173 mm3

Zyy=Iyy/ymax=33099mm3

 STEP 6
Calculation of design moment
Consider purlin as laterally supported beam for bending @ x-x axis
Mdx=Zxx*(fy/γmo)= 2.77 x 106 Nmm
Mdy=Zyy*(fy/γmo)= 7.52 x 106 Nmm

8
 STEP 7
Check for bi-axial bending moment for outstanding purlin
Mx/mdx +My/mdy= (5477x103/2.77 x 106)+(286.4 x 103/752 x 106)=1≤1
Hence design is OK

Providing 1 bolt of 20 mm for connection of ISA section to cleat angle

2.2.2 ​ DESIGN OF PRINCIPLE RAFTER

 Step 1
Design as a compression member and check for tension.
Length=2.89 m
Maximum compression load=-110.34KN
Maximum tension load=30.63 KN
Assume fcd=100 N/mm2 (According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)
A=110.34/100= 1103.4 mm 2

 Step 2
Selection of member from steel table
Providing ISA 80*50*10back to back
A=1202 mm2
Rx=24.9mm

 Step 3
Finding value of fcd from slenderness ratio
Slenderness ratio=kl/rx
=(0.85*2375)/24.9
= 174.63≤180

9
 But choosed ISA Section is under buckling class c

*according to IS 800:2007 page 42 table9© clause (7.1.2.1)

170 48.1
174.63 46.02
180 43.6

Design compressive strength

(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section
7.1.2)
P=46.02*2*1202
=110.63 KN > 110.34KN
Remark- design is OK

 Step 4
Calculating the weld length

Design strength of fillet weld of length

Pdw=fwd*L*Tt
L=effective length of weld
Tt=throat thickness =0.7s
fu=410 N/mm2
γmw=1.5(site weld)

stress fwd=fy/(3*γmw)0.5
= 410/(3*1.5)0.5
=157.8 N/mm2
Design strength of shop weld for length 1 mm
=fwd*1*Tt
= 157.8*1*0.7s
= 110.46s
Where, s= size of weld
Consider 3mm size of weld
=331.38 N/mm
Cx for ISA 80 x 50 x 10=28.1 mm
Taking moment @heel edge of angle

10
 331.38 x1 x 80 =551.7 x 28.1 x 100
x1=58.47 mm say 60 mm
Hence provide 60 mm
Effective Length of weld required
L=110.34*103/331.38=332.97mm say 335 mm
x2=335-60 mm=275 mm

270 mm

60 mm

CHECK FOR TENSION

 Step 5
( According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.2)

Design strength due to yielding of gross section

Tdg= (Ag*fu)/γmo
=(1202*250)/1.10
Tdg=546.36 KN

 Step 6
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.3.3)
Design strength due to rupture of critical section

Tdn=αAnfu/γm1

11
 =0.8*2404*410/1.25

Design tensile strength of selected angle section

= minimum of all strengths=546.36kN

= 546.36> 30.63 KN

Remark – design isSAFE

2.2.3 ​ DESIGN OF MAIN TIE

 Step 1
Design as Tension member
Maximum compression load=98.97KN
Maximum tension load=-35.86 KN
Tdg=(Ag*fy)/γmo
Agrequired=98.97 x 103 x 1.1/250=435.468 mm2

Length of member=3.125 m.

Try 2ISA 75 x 75 x 6 mm on both side of gusset plate with intermittent stitch fillet welds
along the length.

Anet=2(Ag)=2 x 866=1732 mm2 because ends are welded.

Design Tensile strength by net section rupture.

 Step 2
Tdn=αAnfu/γm1
=0.8*1732*410/1.25=454.47kN
Design strength by gross section yielding.
Tdg=(Ag*fy)/γmo
=1732*250/1.1=393.63kN
Design tensile strength =least of Tdn &Tdg =393.63kN

 Step 3
Check for Compression:
Rmin=rxx=23mm
Effective Length=0.85*3125=2656.25mm

Slenderness ratio=kl/rx

12
 =2656.56/23=115.49 mm

*according to IS 800:2007 page 42 table9© clause (7.1.2.1)

110 94.6

115.49 88.62

120 83.7

Design compressive strength

(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)
P=88.62*2*866
=153.49 > 35.86 KN
Remark- design is OK

 Step 4
Calculating the weld length

Design strength of fillet weld of length

Pdw=fwd*L*Tt
L=effective length of weld
Tt=throat thickness =0.7s
fu=410 N/mm2
γmw=1.5(site weld)

stress fwd=fy/(3*γmw)0.5
= 410/(3*1.5)0.5
=157.8 N/mm2

Design strength of shop weld for length 1 mm

=fwd*1*Tt
= 157.8*1*0.7s
= 110.46s

13
 Where, s= size of weld
Consider 3mm size of weld
=331.38 N/mm

Cx for ISA 75 x 75 x 6=20.6 mm

Taking moment @heel edge of angle

331.38 x1 x 80 =551.7 x 28.1 x 100
x1=82.03 mm say 85 mm

Hence provide 85 mm

Effective Length of weld required

L=98.97*103/331.38=298.66 mm say 300 mm
x2=300-85 mm=215 mm

215 mm

85 mm

2.2.4 ​ DESIGN OF MAJOR INCLINED TIES.

These member normally carries tension but due to wind the member will be subjected to
reversal of stresses i.e. Compression

 Step 1
Tdg=(Ag*fy)/γmo

Agrequired=42.3*103*1.1/250=186.12 mm

14
 Try single angle 65 x 65 x 6 mm connected by 3mm welds.

 Step 2

Design tensile strength by gross section yield consideration.

Tdg=(Ag*fy)/γmo=744*250/1.1=169.09kN

Design Tensile strength by net section rupture consideration.

Tdn=((0.9Anc*fu)/γm1))+((β*Ago*fu)/γmo))

Anc=(L-t/2)*t=[65-6/2]*6=372 mm2

Ago=(b-t/2)*t=[65-6/2]*6=372 mm2

β=1.4-(0.076*w/t*fy/fu*bs/Ls)

W= outstand length= 60 mm

bs=w= 60 mm

Effective Length of weld required

L=42.3*103/331.38=127.65 mm say 130 mm.

Ls= length of weld =65 mm

β=1.128

0.9*fu*γmo/fyγm1=0.9*410*1.1/250*1.25=1.30
β =1.128≤1.30≥0.7 it is acceptable.

Tdn=(0.9*372*410/1.25)+(1.128*372*250/1.1)

Tdn =205.18kN

 Step 3
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.4.2)

Design strength by block shear

Avg= total weld lenghth*t

=130*6
=780 mm2
Avn=minimum net area along shear line
=780 mm2

15
 Atg=minimum gross area in tension of connected leg
=65*6
=390 mm2
Atn=minimum net area of connected leg
= 390 mm2

Tdb1=(Avg*fy/30.5 *γmo) + (0.9*Anc*fu/γm1)

Tdb1=217.48 KN

Tdb2=(Atg*fy/γmo) + (0.9*Avc*fu/30.5 *γm1)

Tdb2=221.58KN

Design tensile Strength is least if Tdg,Tdn&Tdb.

=169.09kN > 42.3kN

Hence O.K.

 Step 4
Check For Compression.

For ISA 65 x 65 x 6 mm rmin19.8,Leff=3125mm also K1=0.2 K2=0.35 K3=20

Imperfection Factor α=0.49 class c buckling

λvv=(l/rvv)/ϵ(л2E/250)0.5=1.776

λφ = (b1+b2)/ ϵ(л2E*2t/250)0.5=0.1219

λe=[K1+K2( λvv)2+K3(λφ)2]0.5
=1.2654

Φ=0.5[1+α(λe-0.2)+ (λe)2=1.5616
Fcd=fy/γmo(Φ+( Φ2- λe2)0.5
=91.77 Mpa

Design Compressive Load=fcd *Ag

=91.77*744=68.28kN>15.98kN

16
 Hence Check Satisfied.

2.2.4 DESIGN OF MAJOR SRTUTS.

 Step 1
Generally these members carries compression due to DL + LL but when there are
wind storms wind pressure increases and then it carries tension.

Maximum compression= 25.23 kN.

Maximum tension= 9.52 kN.

Length of member 2.795 m.

Consider fcd = 80 N/mm2

Area required=25.23*103/ 80 =315.38 mm2

Try single angle 50 x 50 x 6 mm with intermittent fillett sitch weld.

Ag=568 mm2 rmin =9.6 mm

Effective length=0.85L =0.85 x 2.795 Leff=2375 mm

λ= Effective length/ rmin=2375/9.6=247.4 > 180

For ISA 50 x 50 x 6 mm rmin9.6,Leff=2375mm also K1=0.2 K2=0.35 K3=20

Imperfection Factor α=0.49 class c buckling

λvv=(l/rvv)/ϵ(л2E/250)0.5=2.78

λφ = (b1+b2)/ ϵ(л2E*2t/250)0.5=0.09378

λe=[K1+K2( λvv)2+K3(λφ)2]0.5=1.7552

Φ=0.5[1+α(λe-0.2)+ (λe)2=2.4214

Fcd=fy/γmo(Φ+( Φ2- λe2)0.5

=55.58Mpa

Design Compressive Load=fcd *Ag

17
 =55.58*568=31.57kN>25.23kN
Hence Check Satisfied.

 Step 2
Design tensile strength by gross section yield consideration.
Tdg=(Ag*fy)/γmo=568*250/1.1=129.09kN

Design Tensile strength by net section rupture consideration.

Tdn=((0.9Anc*fu)/γm1))+((β*Ago*fu)/γmo))

Anc=(L-t/2)*t=[50-6/2]*6=282 mm2

Ago=(b-t/2)*t=[50-6/2]*6=282 mm2

β=1.4-(0.076*w/t*fy/fu*bs/Ls)

W= outstand length= 50 mm

bs=w= 50 mm

Effective Length of weld required

L=25.23*103/331.38=76.14 mm say 80mm.
Ls= length of weld =80/2=40 mm
β=0.9236
Tdn=(0.9*282*410/1.25)+(0.9236*282*250/1.1)

Tdn =142.44kN

 Step 3
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.4.2)

Design strength by block shear

Avg= total weld length*t

=80*6
=480 mm2
Avn=minimum net area along shear line
=480 mm2
Atg=minimum gross area in tension of connected leg
=50*6
=300 mm2
Atn=minimum net area of connected leg

18
 = 300 mm2

Tdb1=(Avg*fy/30.5 *γmo) + (0.9*Anc*fu/γm1)

Tdb1=151.54 KN

Tdb2=(Atg*fy/γmo) + (0.9*Avc*fu/30.5 *γm1)

Tdb2=149.99KN

Design tensile Strength is least if Tdg,Tdn&Tdb.

=129.09kN > 9.525kN

Hence O.K.

65 mm

2.2.4 DESIGN OF MINOR TIES & SRTUTS.

Since other minor ties and minor struts are not severly loaded and l ength of
members is also small a single angle of minimum size i.e. ISA 50 x 50 x 6 mm is
sufficient.

 Step 1
Design of connections

Min Size=3 mm Max Size=3/4*t=3/4*6=45 mm

Use 3 mm size fillet welds.

Let us consider Principle rafter for example,Force in Each Angle is =

110.34/2=55.17kN

19
 stress fwd=fy/(3*γmw)0.5
= 410/(3*1.5)0.5
=157.8 N/mm2
Design strength of shop weld for length 1 mm
=fwd*1*Tt
= 157.8*1*0.7s
= 110.46s
Where, s= size of weld
Consider 3mm size of weld

=331.38 N/mm

Cx for ISA 50 x 50 x 6=15.7 mm

Taking moment @heel edge of angle
331.38 x1 x 50 =551.7 x 15.1 x 100
x1=47.52 mm say 55 mm

Hence provide 55 mm
Effective Length of weld required

L=55.17*103/331.38=166.49 mm say 170 mm

x2=170-55 mm=115 mm
115mm

55 mm

 Step 2
Length=3.2 m
Maximum compression load=-22.30KN

20
 Maximum tension load=41.97 KN
Assume fcd=90 N/mm2(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)
A=22300/90= 247.77mm2

 Step 3
Selection of member from steel table
Providing ISA 60*40*6 SINGLE
A=565 mm2 Rx=18.6mm

 Step 4
Finding value of fcd from slenderness ratio
Slenderness ratio=kl/rx
=(0.85*3200)/18.6
= 146.23

But choosed ISA Section is under buckling class c

*according to IS 800:2007 page 42 table9© clause (7.1.2.1)

140 66.2

146.23 61.89

150 59.2

Design compressive strength

(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)

P=61.89*565
=24.93 KN > 22 KN
Remark- design is OK

 Step 5
Calculating the weld length

Design strength of fillet weld of length

Pdw=fwd*L*Tt
L=effective length of weld
Tt=throat thickness =0.7s
fu=410 N/mm2

21
 γmw=1.25(shop weld)

stress fwd=fy/(3*γmw)0.5
= 410/(3*1.25)0.5
=189.37 N/mm2
Design strength of shop weld for length 1 mm
=fwd*1*Tt
= 189.37*1*0.7s
= 132.56s
Where, s= size of weld
Consider 6mm size of weld
=795.36 N/mm

To calculate weld length

=22300/(795.36)
=39.03 mm
But provide 50 mm weld on both side

50 mm

CHECK FOR TENSION

 Step 6
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.2)
Design strength due to yielding of gross section

Tdg= (Ag*fu)/γmo

22
 =(565*250)/1.10
Tdg=128.4 KN

 Step 7
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula
6.3.3)

Design strength due to rupture of critical section

Tdn=((0.9Anc*fu)/γm1))+((β*Ago*fu)/γmo))
Anc=area of connected leg=522 mm2

Ago=area of outstanding leg=342mm2

Β=1.4-(0.076*w/t*fy/fu*bs/Ls)

W= outstand length= 60 mm

bs=w= 60 mm

Ls= length of weld =50 mm

Tdn=164.97 KN

 Step 8
(According to IS 800:2007, section 6, page no 32 Formula 6.4.2)

Design strength by block shear

Avg= total weld lenghth*t

=50*6
=300 mm2
Avn=minimum net area along shear line
=300 mm2
Atg=minimum gross area in tension of connected leg
=60*6
=360 mm2
Atn=minimum net area of connected leg
= 360 mm2

23
 Tdb1=(Avg*fy/30.5 *γmo) + (0.9*Anc*fu/γm1)
Tdb1=145.63 KN

Tdb2=(Atg*fy/γmo) + (0.9*Avc*fu/30.5 *γm1)

Tdb2=132.94KN

Design tensile strength of selected angle section

= minimum of all strenghth

= 128.4 KN>41.97 KN

Remark – design is SAFE

2.3 ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF GANTRY GIRDER.

2.3.1 Analysis of Gantry Girder.

Span of Gantry Bride=10m

Span of Gantry Girder=4 m

Wheel Base=2m

Wt. of crane bridge=145kN

Wt. of trolley and hook=55kN

Load lifting capacity of G.G.=150kN

Min approach of hook=1.2 m

Wt. of rail section=75 mm

Gantry Girder is electrically operated.

 Calculation of load
1. Max. conc. Load on crane.
=crane capacity + s.w. of trolley hook
=145 + 55=200kN
Factored Load=1.5 x 200
=300kN
2. max. wheel load of crane girder

24
 =145/16=9.06kN/m
Factored Load=9.06*1.5=13.59kN
For maximum reaction on the G.G.given the loads on Crane Girder.

ϵfy=0
RA+RB=300+(13.59*16)
RA+RB=517.44kN
Taking Moment @ A
-16RB+300*1.2+217.44*8=0
RB=132.22kN & RA=386.22kN
Max. Wheel load o each wheel =386.22/2=193.11kN

Max.B.M.
S.W. of G.G. is 2kN/m
Bending Moment Due to dead load
Toatal dead load =self wt of G.G.+S.W. of rail section.
=2+0.3=2.3kN/m
Factored load=1.5*2.3=3.45kN/m

B.M. due to dead load =wl2/8=3.45*42/8=6.9kNm

B.M. due to Live load

To get max BM due to live load the wheels placed such that the C.G. of wheel laod and
one of the wheel load are equidistant from C.G. of gantry girder.

25
Apply ϵMA=0[193.11*(2-0.5-1)]+[193.11*(2+0.5)]=4RB
RB=144.83
RA=193.11*2-144.83=241.39kN
Max.B.M. due to live laod
=RB*(2*0.5)=144.83*1.5=217.245kNm
Bending Moment Due to Impact Load=10% of B.M due to L.L.
=0.1*217.245
=21.72kNm
Toatal Bending Moment in G.G.=6.9+21.72+217.245=245.865kNm
Max. S.F. due to LL

To get max SF the wheel load shall be placed below

Max SF due to LL=RA

Apply M@B=0

4RA=193.11*4+193.11*2

RA=289.66kN

RB=386.22-289.66=96.56kN

Shear Force due to impact load

26
 =10% * 289.66=28.966kN

Total SF =6.9+289.66+28.966

=325.526kN

Laretal forces on gantry girder

For electrically operated lateral laod are taken 10% of max. static wheel load

1) Lateral Force tranverse to the rail

=10% * max laod on crane

=0.1*300=30kN

Lateral Force on each wheel=30/2=15kN

2) max. BM due to lateral load by proportion

=15*245.865/193.11*1=19.09kNm

3) Max SF due to lateral load by proportion

=15*289.66/193.11=22.499kN

2.3.2 Design of Gantry Girder.

Section of preliminary trial section Approx. dimensions required.

1) Depth of section =L/12=4000*12=333.33mm say 400mm

2) Width of section =L/30=4000/30=133.33 say 200 mm

3)Zpe(required)=1.4*Mz/fy=1.4*245.865*106/250=1376.84*103 mm3

Properties of Section

Section ISWB 400 ISMC 300

Area 8501 mm2 4564 mm2
tf 13 mm 13.6 mm
tw 8.6 mm 7.6 mm
bf 200 mm 90 mm
MI-Izz 23426.7*104 6362.6*104

27
 -Iyy 1388*104 310.8*104
Rt=13 Cyy=23

Distane of N.A. of Built up section from top fibre

y=A1Y1+A2Y2/A1+A2=8501*207.6+4564*23.6/85014564

=143.32 mm

Izz of built up section

Izz=Iz1+Iz2=23476.7*104+8501(207.6-143.32)2+[310.8*104+4560(143.32-23.6)2]

=337.915*106 mm4

Iyy of built up section.

Iyy= Iy1+Iy2=6362.6*104+1388*104 mm4

77.506*106 mm4

Elastic section modulus of built up section.

Zez=Iz/y=337.915.106/(400+7.6-143.32)=1278.63*103 mm3

Plastic section modulus of built up section.

a) Location of equal area axis

y1distance of equal area axis from lower surface of top flage of I section equating a1 & a2

4564+(200*13.6)+(y1*8)=200*13.6+(400*13-y1)8.6

1357092/8.6*2= y1

Y1=78.95 mm

28
b) Plastic section modulus about equal area axis

1) Plastic section modulus @ A1

Zpz=[300*7.6*(78.95+13+7.6/2)+[200*13*78.98+13/2]+[2(90-76)*13.6(78.95+13(-90-
7.6/2)]+[78.95*8.6*78.95/2]

Zpz1=581.12*103 mm3

2) plastic section modulus of A2

Zpz2=200*13(400-13-78.95-13/2)+{[(400-*13-78.95)/2]2*8.6}

=1159.51*103 mm3

Zpz=581.12*103+1159.51*103=1740.63 mm3

3) plastic section modulus of compression flange at y-y axis

Zpfy=(200*13*200)/4+2(300-13.6*2)2/8+2(13.6*90*300-13.6)/2

=621.947*103 mm3

Classification of section

i) For flange

bf/2tf=200/2*13=7.69≤8.4ϵ

ii) For web

(D-2tf)/tw=(90-7.6)/13.6=6.04≤8.4ϵ

Entire section is plastic

Check for shear capacity

Shear Capacity=Av*fy/√3γmo=400*8.6*250/√3*1.1=451.38kN>325.526kN

Max. Shear force (V)>0.6d V>0.6*451.38

325.53>278.82 high shear

Reduction in Md is required.

Check for design bending strength

29
Design Bending Strength under higher shear M=Md-β(Md-Mfd)≤1.2Zefy/γmo

β =[(2V/Vd)-1]2=[2*325.526/451.38]2=0.12

Md= βZpfy/ γmo=0.12*1740.63*103*250/1.1=395.597*103 Nmm

Zfd=Total plastic Moment-Plastic moment of web.

=Zpz-(Awd/4)=(1740.63*103-(400*8.6)*400/4)=1396.63*103

Mfd=1*1396.63*103*250/1.1=317.42kNm

Mdv=395.597*103-(395.597*103-317.42*103)=387.77>245.865kNm

For moment carrying capacity for flange about Y axis.

Mdyf=Md- β(Md-Mfd)

Md= βZpfy*fy/ γmo

β =[(2V/Vd)-1]2=[2*325.526/457.98]2=0.19

Md=0.19*621.947*103*250/1.1=141.35kNm

Zfd=621.947*103-(400*8.6)*400/4=277.947*103 mm3

Mfd=1*277.947*103*250/1.1=63.169kNm

Mdv=141.35-0.12(141.35-63.169)=131.96kNm<1.2Zefy/γmo

i.e.=131.96kNm<348.72kNm hence ok

Combined Check For Moment capacity=

((Mz/Mdz)+(Myf/Mdyf))<1

=(245.865/388.77)+(19.09/131.96)=0.77<1 Hence Safe.

Check For Buckling resistance in bending

C1π2EIyhf 1 Llt
a)Elastic lateral torsional buckling moment.= ∗1+ ∗ ( γy )
2 L22LT 20 h
t

From IS Code For two point Load (Wheel) Condition.

�� 77.506∗106
Radius of Gyration=√ =√ =77.02 mm
8501+4564

Effective Length=(LLT)=4*103 mm

30
Thickness of flange=13+7.6=20.6 mm
3 0.4
1.046∗�2∗2∗105∗77.506∗106∗407.6 1 40∗ 10
Mcr= +20 ∗ [ 77.02
4076 ] =2038.36*106 +1.159
2∗(4∗103)2
20.6

=2038.36kNm

Now Dimensional Slenderness Ratio,

������ 1∗1740∗10 ∗2503

XLT2=√ =√ 6
=0.46
2038.36∗10

ΦLT2=0.5[1+���(λLt2-0.2)+ λLt2] ���=0.21

ΦLT2=0.5[1+0.21(0.46-0.2)+0.462]=0.6331
��
Design bending Compressive stress fbd=���2 − =0.9-250/1.1=204.55N/mm2

Design Bending Strength Md2=βZpzfbd=1*1740*103*204.35

=356.055>245.865kNm Hence OK

The Gantry Girder is safe in Vertical load.

Check for biaxial bending

Since lateral forces are also acting on the GG it must be checked for biaxial bending

As lateral load applied at the top flange the bending strength @y axis will be provided by
the top flange only,
3 6362.6∗104
Mdy=Zy*fy/���=1746.63∗10 + =429.975*103 mm3
2 300/2

=429.975*103 *250/1.1=97.72kNm

Check

((Mz/Mdz)+(My/Mdy))<1

=(245.865/356.055)+(22.499/97.72)=0.92<1 Hence Safe

Check for web buckling

Buckling resistance=(b1+n1)twfcd

b1=Bearing Length =Dia of wheel =150mm

31
n1=(400/2)+2*7.6=215.2mm
2.5� (400−2∗23−2∗13)
Slenderness Ratio= = λvw=101.16
8.6

λvw fcd
100 94.6
101.16 X
110 107
X=105.56N/mm2

Buckling Resistance +(150+215.2)*8.6*105.56=331.53kN193.11kN Hence Safe

Check for deflectionActual Vertical deflection

�3
=WL3* 3�
− /6EI W=max static wheel load
4 3

=193.11=128.74kN
1.9

��−� 40∗103−2∗103
a= = =1000mm
2 2
3
deflection=(128.74*103)*(40*103)* 3∗1∗10 3 − (1∗10
3)
=4.05mm
4∗4∗103 (4∗103)3

Permissible max deflection for eccentrically operated crane

=L/750=4000/750=5.33>4.05mm Hence Safe

Design of Bolted Connection Assume dia. Of bolt=18mm d0=20mm

Design shearing strength of bolt,

Vdsb=(fub/√3γmo)*(nn*Anb+nsAsb)=(400/1.25√3)*(0.78*182*л/4)

=36.67kN

Design Bearing Strength of Bolt

Vdpb=2.5*kb*d*t*fu/ γmo=2.5*0.5*18*13*410/1.25=95.94kN

Bolt value is minimum of above=36.67kN

32
 3
No.Of Bolts required=193.11∗10 =5.26 say 6 bolts.
36.67∗103

2.3.3 Design of Bracket Connection due to eccentric loading (325.526kN)

eccentricity (210mm)
Assume dia. Of bolt=18mm d0=20mm

Vdsb=(fub/√3γmo)*(nn*Anb+nsAsb)=(400/1.25√3)*(0.78*182*л/4)

=36.67kN

Design Bearing Strength of Bolt

Vdpb=2.5*kb*d*t*fu/ γmo=2.5*0.5*18*9*410/1.25=66.42kN

Bolt value is minimum of above=36.67kN

33
Total load on each side of connection=325.526/2=162.763kN

No. of bolts=N=√ =m=162.763*420 & n=68.36*103 v=36.67kN

P=pitch distance=45mm

6∗68.36∗10 6
N=√ =11.14 say 12 bolts
2∗45∗36.67∗∗103

Provide 12 bolts in each row.

Check for resultant

1)Direct load for shear=f1=p/n=162.763/24=6.78kN

@)To calculate shear force due to moment=fz=Mr/ϵr2

ϵr2=4[247.52+402]+4[202.52+402]+4[157.52+402]+4[112.52+402]+4[67.52+402]+ 2[402]

=612.325*103
68.36∗106∗250.71
Fz= =27.98*103N
612.325∗103

Ɵ=tan-1(247.5/40)=80.820

Calculate resultant Force in extreme bolt(f)

R.F.(f)=√�12 + �22 + 2�1�2����

=√6.782 + 27.9892 + 2 ∗ 6.78 ∗ 27.989cos (80.82)

F=29.83<36.67kN hence Bracket Design is safe.

34
 2.4 ​ DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBER (COLUMN)
Total Load Calculation:

Total Load =Maximum Load From Truss + Eccentric Loading due to column moment.

Compression load acting on column

Dead load= 18.8 KN

Live load= 18.8 KN

Wind load=24 KN

Load combination

(D.L+L.L)=(18.8+18.8)=37.6kN

(D.L+W.L)=(18.8+24=42.8kN

(D.L.+L.L.+W.L.)=18.8+18.8+24=61.6kN

Maximum Load from Truss=61.6kN

Factored Load=1.5*61.6=92.4kN

Eccentric Load on Column (P)=325.526

PM=325*0.42=136.72kN

Total load on Column=229.12kN Say 230kN

Length of column= 10m

Effective length of column=0.8*10

=8000 mm

 STEP 1
Assume fcd= 60 N/mm2(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)
A=230*103/60 =3833.33 mm2

 STEP 2
Selection of member from steel table
Providing ISHB 200
A=5094 mm2

35
 Rx=85.5 mm

 STEP 3
Finding value of fcd from slenderness ratio
Slenderness ratio=kl/rx
=(8000)/85.5
= 93.56

According to IS 800:2007 clause (7.1.2.2)

But choosed ISHB Section is under buckling class b

*according to IS 800:2007 table10 @ clause (7.1.2.1)

90 134

93.56 128.304

100 118

Design compressive strength

(According to IS 800:2007 page no 34 section 7.1.2)
P=5094*128.304
=653.58 KN > 230 KN
Remark- design is OK

36
 2.5 ​ DESIGN OF COLOUMN BASE-GUSSETED BASE.
ISHB 200
Area=5094 mm2
Depth of section=200 mm
Width of flange(bf)=200 mm

For M20 Grade Concrete Bearing Strength of Concrete

=0.45fck=0.45*20=9n/mm2
Partial safety factor=1.1
For 18 mm bolt diameter.
Anb=0.78*182* л/4=198.48 mm2
do=20 mm
Factored load assuming =500kN
Required Area of base Plate
Areq.=500*103/9=55.56*103 mm2

Assume 16 mm thick gusset plate on both sides of flanges.

And ISA 150 x 115 x 10 mm

Minimum width required=(100+115+16+50)*2=562 mm Say 570 mm

Length Of Base plate=55.56*103/570=97.47 mm

But minimum length required =200+100=300 mm

Bearing Pressure on Concrete

3
W=�=500∗10 =2.92<9N/mm2
� 570∗300

2 2
Max.Momen=�� =2.92∗185 =49.97 kNm
2 2
6∗1.1
Plastic modulus required=��∗���=49.97∗10 =219.83 mm3
250
Elastic modulus=219.87 = 192.87 2
1.14
�2
= 192 t=√1157.22 = 34.017 mm say 35 mm
6
Provide base Plate of size 570 x 300 x 35 mm

Design of Bolted Connection.

Assume dia. Of bolt=18mm d0=20mm

37
Vdsb=(fub/√3γmo)*(nn*Anb+nsAsb)=(400/1.25√3)*(0.78*182*л/4)

=36.67kN

In double shear=36.67*2=79.34kN

Design Bearing Strength of Bolt

Vdpb=2.5*kb*d*t*fu/ γmo=2.5*0.5*18*10*410/1.25=73.8kN

Bolt value is minimum of above=73.8 kN

3
No.Of Bolts required= 500∗10
=14 say 16 bolts.
36.67∗103

Provide 8 bolts on each side in two rows.

Design of Concrete Pedestal

Assuming S.B.C.= of soil=200kN/m2

Af=(pu*γmo)/(90*tf)
=500*1.10/(200*1.5)
= 1.83 m2
0.57 − 0.3 (0.57 − 0.3)2
= +√ + 1.83 = 1.49
2 22
For equal projections Lf=1.5 m
Bf=1.83/1.5=1..2 say 1.3 m
Thickness=Actual max. Projection=(1830-570)/2=630 mm
Provide Block of size 1.5 m x 1.3 m x 0.63 m

38
 REPORT OF STADD.PRO SOFTWARE

 Input Generation
The GUI (or user) communicates with the STAAD analysis engine through the
STD input file. That input file is a text file consisting of a series of commands
which are executed sequentially. The commands contain either instructions or data
pertaining to analysis and/or design. The STAAD input file can be created through
a text editor or the GUI Modelling facility. In general, any text editor may be
utilized to edit/create the STD input file. The GUI Modelling facility creates the
input file through an interactive menu-driven graphics oriented procedure.

39
 Intial drawing of truss in stadd.pro

A
s
Assign different section to members

40
 3D rendered view of truss after analysis

CONCLUSION

The project on design of steel structure using the limit state method, analysis of
member forces by using graphical method and all the load calculation and
analysis using STTAD PRO software is done correctly. By doing the project we
came on conclusion that truss design is to be economical as well as structurally
stable enough.

41