GRADE LEVEL: 12 WEEK 8-9

SUBJECT: Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century

TOPIC: Democratic Interventions LESSON: 8

CONTENT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

The learner understands the meaning and Using any form of oral presentation, the learner explains creatively the
dimensions of democracy. ill effects of undemocratic practices related to factors such as gender
biases, poverty, political marginalization, racial inequality, cultural
denomination, crisis of representation and politics of recognition.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Identify preferred democratic practices. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-1)
Explain and analyze the reason for their preferences. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-2)
Illustrate the benefits of democratic participation. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-3)
Explain the importance of participation in democracy. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-4)
Distinguish/differentiate participatory from representative democracy. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-5)
Generate the criteria to assess prevailing political and social institutions. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-6)
Conceptualize /formulate what can be a viable alternative to undemocratic practices. (HUMSS_MCT12- IIa-c-7)

LESSON 8: DEMOCRATIC INTERVENTIONS

Where is democracy and how does it work in a country that is plagued by massive poverty and
by both natural and man-made disasters?

This lesson will tackle on democracy. It will present the prevailing democratic practices in political
and social institutions. Abraham Lincoln said “a government by the people, of the people, and for the
people” which illustrates the benefits of democratic participation and helps conceptualize viable
alternatives.

Indeed, public opinion is important

in a democratic community since it is the
pulse and perception of the public from
issues and politics (Clawson & Oxley,
2023). Thus, Lincoln shared that
democracy would be “government of the
people, by the people, for the people”
Democracy is derived from the word,
demokratia where the word demos mean
“the people” and kratos means “rule”. Rich
and poor male citizens in Classical Greece
were chosen by a jury to become
representatives in the assembly. Decision making and viewing democracy specifically is linked to the
theory as “rule by the people” (Catt, 1999). The word ‘by the people’ he pertains it to those who chooses
the officials who make up the government. And for the word ‘of the people’ it is the composition of the
government which is made up of ‘people’. Lastly, the word ‘for the people’ it is for the government that
should promote, protect and preserve the rights and equality among its citizen. Democracy is one of
the most important principles for a better world. In its truest sense, a democracy is a community in
which all members have an equal say in the running of that community.

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The following are the elements of Democracy:
Separation and Balance of Power – The term "trias politica" or "separation of powers" was
coined by Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, an 18th century
French social and political philosopher. His publication, Spirit of the Laws, is considered one of
the great works in the history of political theory and jurisprudence. Under his model, the
political authority of the state is divided into legislative, executive and judicial powers. He
asserted that, to most effectively promote liberty, these three powers must be separate and
acting independently.

Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into

distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The
intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.

1. Pluralistic system of Political Parties and Organization - from the word itself “Plural”
meaning to say it has 2 or more political parties. Allow the rule of political organization
and parties that will represent different interest and sectors.

2. Respect to the rule of law – No one is above the law, that all are subject to abide with
the laws in the country.

3. Accountability and Transparency – All public office is a public trust. Government

agencies and officials should not hide important information from the general public.

4. Free an Independent Media – through media, citizens are informed about the events,
and dealings that transpire in the society.

5. Respect for Human Rights - Democracy requires respect and promotion of human
rights.

Representative and Participatory Democracies

Democracy has several forms. Two of the most popular types are representative democracy and
participatory democracy.

Representative Democracy In the modern period where large populations usually form
societies, Representative Democracy (also called indirect democracy) is observed to be more popularly
exercised. It is a political system where the qualified citizens exercise their political power through
representatives. The sovereign power remains on the citizens but its exercise is delegated to the
representatives they elect. By extension, the citizens, through their votes, allow these representatives to
make choices and decisions on their behalf.

Participatory Democracy Quite similar to representative democracy is participatory democracy

which also encourages a more active and wider involvement of citizens. While representative democracy
motivates individual citizens to contribute to policy making, participatory democracy offers more
opportunities for members of the population to contribute to decision-making through popular
assemblies. It has variants. In a direct democracy, all eligible citizens and qualified voters directly or
personally involve themselves in making political decisions. In the Philippines, one popular
demonstration of participatory democracy was the EDSA People Power of 1986. Through the people’s
direct involvement in a series of protests, the dictatorial rule of President Ferdinand Marcos was toppled
down.

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What is Democratic Practice?
Democratic Practice is a set of principles and practices that guide how people interact and work
together every day to improve their community and to create a more just society.
What are some democratic practices?
A. Suffrage or the right to vote. It gives the people the opportunity to exercise sovereignty by choosing the
candidates who will govern and serve them. Eligible voters have the right to elect the government of his/her
country by secret vote. It is only fair that they have a direct hand in choosing the officials.
B. Public assembly and consultation. “The Public Assembly Act of 1985,” makes sure that the people’s exercise
their right to a peaceful assembly. Citizens have a set of rights and responsibilities, including the right to
participate in decisions that affect public welfare. This act stipulates that rallies, demonstrations, marches, public
meetings, processions, or parades (collectively referred to as public assembly) can be held in public places to
express opinion, to protest against, or to air grievances on certain issues.
C. Majority rule and minority rights. It is the making of binding decisions by a vote of more than one-half of all
persons who participate in an election. Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, expressed the
concept of democracy in 1801 in his first Inaugural Address. He said All…will bear in mind this sacred principle.
That though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the
minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect and to violate would be oppression.
D. Conduct of plebiscite to amend a constitutional provision. The Constitution embodies the fundamental laws of
the land from which all other laws should be in accord with. The change in a provision of the constitution, such
as increasing the number of years of term of office of the president, cannot be carried without the approval of
the people or general constituencies in a process called plebiscite. A plebiscite is an electoral process for
approving or rejecting a change or amendment in the Constitution. It is in the process of direct vote-say yes or
no; accept or reject.
What is Democratic Participation?
Democratic participation is the involvement or engagement with something which is freely done, without
coercion, and without threat or fear.
Importance of Participation in Democracy
1. Democracy provides equality and admission to opportunities for all its citizen in the government;
2. checks and balances the government to prevent possible abuse of political power from the officials;
3. allows citizens to influence and suggest policies and laws through plebiscite in selecting delegates or
representatives.
4. allows the popular majority to oust a representative or a politician who hold too much power and abuses it;
5. promotes freedom where citizen enjoy human rights, allows people to engage the business and innovations;
6. becomes competent, firm, and stable when the state is ruled with leaders who have dedication and
transparency;
7. provides political education to the people telling them of the state affairs; and
8. upholds change since the citizens have the opportunity to participate in the involvement in the government.

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 NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIREZ

CUT IT HERE

Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century LESSON: 8 WEEK 8-9

NAME: ___________________________________________
STRAND/SECTION: ______________________________ TEACHER: ____________________________

Activity 1
Directions: Using the organizer, differentiate representative democracy and participatory democracy.

Representative Democracy Similarities Participatory Democracy

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5. 5. 5.

Quiz 1
A. Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully and encircle the best answer.

1. It is an electoral process for approving or rejecting a change or amendment in the Constitution.

A. Public assembly and consultation C. Plebiscite
B. Majority rule D. Suffrage

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 NOTRE DAME OF TRECE MARTIREZ

2. Allows people to engage in business and innovations

A. democratic practice
B. importance of participation in democracy
C. participatory democracy
D. representative democracy

3. The sovereign power remains on the citizens but its exercise is delegated to
the representatives they elect.
A. democratic practice
B. importance of participation in democracy
C. participatory democracy
D. representative democracy

4. Rina is 18 years old. This coming election, she will already be eligible to
cast her votes. What democratic practice is she going to enjoy?
A. Public assembly and consultation C. Plebiscite
B. Majority rule D. Suffrage

5. Aldrin is an engaged in political activities of his barangay since 2015. He does it without coercion,
threat or fear. What democratic activity is he performing?
A. Participatory Democracy C. Democratic Participation
B. Representative Democracy D. Democratic Practice

B. Directions: Read each item carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it’s erroneous.
Write your in the space provided.

______1. In democracy, elected officials stay in power for as long as they want.
______2. Democracy promotes equality.
______3. In participatory democracy, majority votes are usually needed to pass/win an election.
______4. Just being able to vote does not make a country democratic.
______5. Democracy provides admission to opportunities for selected citizen in the government.

Performance Task 1: Poster Making

Direction: Create a poster to illustrate the problem and viable solution to undemocratic practices. You may
choose ONE from the topics below. (Use a short bond paper)
a. Political marginalization
b. Racial inequality
c. Gender biases
d. Cultural denomination
e. Crisis of representation
f. Politics of recognition
g. Poverty
Rubrics for poster making (Performance Task 1)
5 POINTS 15 POINTS 20 POINTS 25 POINTS
Poster is in Poster has few Poster has few Poster has displayed
CREATIVITY
minimal areas of areas of creativity full creativity and very
AND DESIGN
creativity creativity and eye-catching pleasant to see
Contains Some elements Most elements Whole presentation of
elements not used in poster used in poster is elements used in
RELEVANCE
related to is related to the related to the topic poster is related to
the topic topic and delivers the the topic and delivers
message clearly the message clearly