International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences

Website: ijetms.in Special Issue: 1 Volume No.6 July – 2022

DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06si01.025 ISSN: 2581-4621

ACCIDENTS PREVENTION SYSTEM-HAIR PIN BENDS ROADS

CH.SRIKANTH¹,D.LAKSHMI PRASANNA²,K.ABHILASH³,CH.AJITH KUMAR⁴,K.VIJAYA
LAKSHMI⁵
1,2,3,4
Students, Dept. of ECE, Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, lam, Guntur, India-
522034
5
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, lam, Guntur,
India-522034

ABSTRACT:
It is a accident prevention system which is very useful in mountain roads tutings hair pin
bends and u turns. This project is implemented using a microcontroller board .sensor and LED’s are
interfaced to the microcontroller based on the vechicles then the relavantled’s will glow which alert
driver about the vehicle is arriving the trun or blind spot.It reduces the accidents.Mostly,in the hill areas
of accidents due to poor devploment of national hihgwayes in india the rate of accidents in ghats
section is increasing day by day.
Key Words: Road safety, hairpin bend, ghat sections, accident.

1. INTRODUCTION

The current technology Internet of things(IOT) has brought good changes into every part of our life.
There are many situations these technologies can be used to avoid accidents in roads; mainly it can be
used in ghat sections. With the active changes in the models of the vehicles the roads need to have
same capability to face them. Today’s roads have become stagnant paths which have no capability for
assistance[1].There are many risky roads and bends in the world like mountain roads, narrow curve
roads, hairpin bends. The problems in these hairpin bends are that the drivers are not able to see the
vehicle or obstacles coming from opposite side of the curve. If the vehicle is in high speed, then it is
difficult to control and there are chances of falling to face. The solution for this problem is alerting the
drivers about the obstacle or vehicle upcoming. Usually convex mirrors or horns are used for this
purpose but it is not valid. To avoid these problems in curve roads or hair pin bends we are introducing
sensor based accident prevention system. That is we are keeping two IR sensors in one side of the road
before the curve and keeping a LED light after the curve[2].

1. INTRODUCTION
The current technology Internet of things(IOT) has brought good changes into every part of our life.
There are many situations these technologies can be used to avoid accidents in roads; mainly it can be
used in ghat sections. With the active changes in the models of the vehicles the roads need to have
same capability to face them. Today’s roads have become stagnant paths which have no capability for
assistance[1].Therearemanyriskyroadsandbendsinthe world like mountain roads, narrow curve roads,
hairpin bends. The problems in these hairpin bends are that the drivers are not able to see the vehicle or
obstacles coming from opposite side of the curve. If the vehicle is in high
speed,thenitisdifficulttocontrolandtherearechancesof falling to face. The solution for this problem is
alerting the drivers about the obstacle or vehicle upcoming. Usually convex mirrors or horns are used
for this purpose but it is not valid. To avoid these problems in curve roads or hairpin bends weare
introducing sensor based accident prevention system. That is weare keeping two IR sensors in one side

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Special Issue: 1 Volume No.6 July – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06si01.025 ISSN: 2581-4621

of the road before the curve and keeping a LED light after the curve[2].
2. METHODOLOGY
Ghat Roads are access routes into the mountainous with the number of hair pin bends, which is very
risky as compared to normal routes. So chances of accidents in ghat sections is more because of narrow
road width, sharp bends, improper camber, valley side etc. We plan to overcome this problem by
placing an IR sensor on oneside of the roads and alerting the driver about the obstacle or vehicle in
Ghat sections. When the signal is green it indicates that it is safe to take turn which means there is no
vehicle coming in the opposite direction. These two IR sensors can give input to the Arduino and this
Arduino will send data to the LED lights which directs for vehicle.

3. COMPONENTSREQUIRED
3.1. ARDUINOUNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board which is open source used to insert the code as input using
USB and can get the excepted output. This platform consists of physical programmable path board or
IDE(Integrated Development Environment) that runs on computer, used to mark and upload computer
code to the physical board. The ATmega328 on the board comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that
allows uploading new code to it with out the use of an outside hardware programmer. Arduino board
design uses a mixture of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are set with
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to a choice of development
boards or breadboards (For prototyping) and other circuits. The microcontrollers can be programmed
using C and C++ programming languages[3].
3.2. IRSENSOR
Infrared sensors are being used as proximity sensors and they can be passive or active. Passive infrared
sensors are basically Infrared detectors. These sensors do not use any infrared source and detects
energy emitted by obstacles in the field of view. The active infrared sensors consist of two elements
which are infrared source and infrared detector. Infrared source includes an infrared laser diode.
Infrared detectors include photodiodes or phototransistors. The energy emitted by the infrared source is
reflected by a purpose and falls on the infrared detector. An IR sensor consists of an IR LED then an IR
Photodiode; mutually they are called as Photo–Coupler or Opto–Coupler. When the IR transmitter
emits radiation, it reaches the thing and some of the radiation reflects reverse to the IR receiver. Based
on the force of the reception by the IR receiver, the output of the sensor is defined[4].

Fig.3 IR Transmitter and Receiver Sensor

@2022, IJETMS | Impact Factor Value: 5.672 | Page 132

 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Special Issue: 1 Volume No.6 July – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06si01.025 ISSN: 2581-4621

3.3. LEDLIGHTS
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is an electronic device of a semi-conductor source that emits light when
an electrical current is passed through it. The early LEDs are to produce only red light, but the current
LEDs can produce several different colors, including red, green, and blue (RGB) light. The recent
advances in LED technology have made it probable for LEDs to produce white light as well. LEDs are
generally used for indicator lights (such as power on/off lights) on electronic devices. They also have
few other applications, with electronic signs, clock displays, and flashlights. You can typically identify
LED s by a series of

Fig.4 LED Lights

3.4. ARDUINIIDE
The Arduino Integrated development environment (IDE)is open-sourcesoftwareanditisacross-
platformapplication forWindows,macOS,LinuxthatiswritteninfunctionfromC and C++ languages. It can
be used to write and upload programs to arduino board. The source code for the IDE is released below
the general public license (GNU), version 2. The languages C and C++ using particular rules of code
structuring. The arduino IDE supplies a software library from the electric wiring project, which
provides many general input and output procedures. The Arduino IDE
employsarearguedtoconverttheprogramfromexecutable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding
that is laden into the Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware[6].

4. SYSTEMDESIGN
4.1. BLOCKDIAGRAM
Power Supply

IR Sensor 1 LED 1
ARDUINO UNO

IR Sensor 2

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
LED 2

Website: ijetms.in Special Issue: 1 Volume No.6 July – 2022

DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06si01.025 ISSN: 2581-4621

Fig.5 Represent the block diagram.

4.2. SCHEMATICDIAGRAM

1. WORKINGPRINCIPLE
This paper proposes a simplistic System to avoid accidents in hair pin bends on a hilly track, Ghats, or
zero visibility turns using proximity sensors. It uses two IR sensors, which are placed on one side of the
hair pin bend. These two IRsensors are senses by the side of the downhill section of the road. The
sensors are mutually exclusive and are connected to ATmega328P microcontroller through wires.
Based on the output of sensors, position of vehicles on other side of the bend is detected which is
provided as an input to the microcontroller. The microcontroller which works on a
powersupplyof9VrunsaPriorityalgorithmwhichtriggers the warning LEDs to glow and thereby
intelligently controlling the movement of vehicles at the bend. Warning LEDs are placed at the side of
the uphill section of the hair pin bend.

2. RESULT ANDDISCUSSION
The experiment are started with sensor, it senses the vehicle with the help of IR Sensor. In this project
we are alert the driver by blinking. The clash avoidance at hairpin bend is able to transmit data which is
sensed from otherside of the road. The system is completely integrated and can givealert to the driver
by using LED. This system helps to detect the vehicles by Using their IR Sensor. This system provides
the information about the vehicles coming from the opposite side of the vehicles in the Ghatssection.
This system is useful when the driver can't see the vehicle in the opposite side of the vehicle because of
long curve roads in the Ghassection. Thus the system offers the safety and security to the driver.

1. CONCLUSION AND FUTUREWORK

The purpose of this paper is to reduce the number of accidents in curveroads. This is done by warning

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 International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences
Website: ijetms.in Special Issue: 1 Volume No.6 July – 2022
DOI:10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06si01.025 ISSN: 2581-4621

the driver by means of LED light which glows when vehicle comes from the other side of the curve.
The vehicle is detected by the help of IR Transmitter and Receiver sensor which is interfaced to them
icrocontroller Arduino Uno. In this we can save thousands of lives in the curve roads on the ghat
section. We recognize the causes and effect of accidents and then find out a solution introducing a new
technique to avoid such accident. The new technique consists of two IRsensors to alert the vehicle of
the opposite road. We have not done anything to safeguard from accidents in the Ghats section. Hence
we can add GSM module if driver meets with an accidentintheGhatssectionitwillsendmessagesdirectlyto
police stations andhospitals.

REFERENCES

[1]1)J.MahendraReddy,2)K.Jyothi,3)A.Nageswari,4)G.ShahidAli,5)Dr.K.Rasadurai*”Alerting system in
ghats section” 1,2,3,4 Final Year, B.Tech students, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering 5Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 1-5Kuppam
Engineering College, Kuppam 517425, India.

[2] 1)AnandMG,2)ADhanyakumar,3)BhaskarN,4)MahalingS B*”Sensor Based Accident Prevention

System in Curving” 1,2,3,4 Students, B.E, Mechanical Engineering, Alva’s
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[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

[4] 1)ChitranshSrivastava,2)NikhilAcharya,3)FervezJaffer B.M.,4)Sachin Bhat*”Implementation of

collision avoidance systemforhairpinbendsinGhatsusingproximitysensors” 1Manipal University,
2Visvesvaraya Technological University, 3Visvesvaraya Technological University, 4Reva University
Email: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]

[5] https://techterms.com/definition/led

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino_IDE

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