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Presented by Menard A. Anoche

LESSON 2
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• Sociology is concerned with the study of people in a

group or social context and not as isolated individuals.

• It is the systematic study of human society and social

interaction.
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• The word sociology derives from the French word,

sociologie, a hybrid coined in 1830 by French
philosopher Isidore Auguste Comte (1798-1857).
• From the Latin: socius, meaning "companion"; and the
suffix -ology, meaning "the study of", from the Greek
λόγος,lógos, "knowledge".
• The English word, sociology, appeared in 1843.
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• A society is a large social grouping that shares the

same geographical territory and is subject to the same
political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
• They have a set of institutions which provide what they
need to meet their physical, social, and psychological
needs and which maintain order and the values of the
culture.
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• FAMILY - The family is considered

the most fundamental social
institution. It provides the
primary context for socialization,
where individuals learn societal
norms, values, and behaviors.
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• Education: The education system is responsible for the

formal education and intellectual development of
individuals. It includes schools, colleges, universities,
and other educational institutions. Education not only
imparts knowledge and skills but also plays a crucial
role in socialization, preparing individuals for future
roles and responsibilities in society.
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• Government: The government is the institution responsible for

creating and enforcing laws, maintaining order, providing public
services, and protecting citizens' rights and interests. It includes
legislative, executive, and judicial branches at different levels, such
as national, state, and local governments. The government plays a
crucial role in maintaining social order and providing public goods
and services.
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• Economy: The economic institution encompasses the

production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services within a society. It includes various economic
systems, such as capitalism, socialism, and mixed
economies. The economy influences individuals' livelihoods,
social mobility, and overall well-being. It also shapes the
distribution of resources and wealth in society.
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• Religion: Religion is a social institution that involves beliefs,

rituals, practices, and moral values. It provides individuals
with a framework for understanding life's meaning, purpose,
and ethical guidelines. Religion plays a significant role in
shaping individuals' worldview, values, and behaviors. It also
serves as a source of social cohesion and community
bonding.
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• A particular view of
oneself is formed through
interactions with other
people, groups, or social
institutions.
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• the people whom a person interacts with become a mirror in

which he views himself
• Since these perceptions are subjective, there might be some
wrong interpretations of how other people evaluate him/her.
• It would be critical if he/she thinks others judge him/her
unfavorably because he could develop a negative self-image
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• The "I" is the subjective element and the active side of the self.
• It represents the spontaneous, and unique traits of the
individual. The "I" is the response of the individual to the "Me“
• The "Me" is the objective element of the self.
• It represents the "internalized" attitudes, expectations, and
demands of other people.
• The "Me" is what is learned in interaction with others and with
the environment.
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• The full development of the self is attained when the "I" and
the "me" are united.

• Who you really are and what others see you as.
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• Gerry Lanuza - in modern societies the attainment and

stability of self-identity is freely chosen. It is no longer
restricted by customs and traditions.
• In postmodern societies, self-identity continuously change
due to the demands of multitude of social contexts, new
information technologies, and globalization
• Is the Philippines Postmodern?
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• These freedom and changes offer opportunities for self-

cultivation but problems may also arise (e.g., alienation and
dehumanization.

• For instance, it limits the face to face, close relationships with

others especially among family members.
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• Jean Baudrillard - individuals achieve self-identity through

prestige symbols that they consume.

• The cultural practices of advertising and mass media greatly

influence individuals to consume goods not for their primary
value and utility but to give them a feeling of goodness and
power when compared with other.
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• The postmodern person has become an insatiable consumer

and may never be satisfied in his life.

• Thus, the self may be a never-ending search for prestige in the

postmodern society.