9. INDIA AND A.

P ECONOMY
Course Objective: This course is to provide basic understanding about functioning of
various aspects in Indian economy and analyse various issues and problems and suggest
measures.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After studying this paper, the students shall be able to achieve the following outcomes:

CO1: Explain the basic characteristics, structural changes, planning and human
development in Indian economy
CO2: Analyse the changes in incomes, demography and the developmental issues
such
as poverty, inequality, unemployment and migration and suggest measures to
address them
CO3: Examine the components of agricultural and industrial sectors and their
performance
CO4: Examine the issues in public finance in terms of taxes, revenues, deficits and
finance commission
CO5: Analyse the issues in Andhra Pradesh economy related to agriculture, industry
and welfare programs

Unit 1: Basic Features, Planning and Human Development in India

Basic characteristics of Indian Economy as a developing economy
Economic development since independence, Economic Structure and its changes in
India
Planning Commission: Objectives, major strategies and achievements; NITI Ayog its
approaches to economic transformation in India
Trends in Human Development Index in India and Measures to Improve

Unit 2: National Income, Demography and Developmental Issues

Trends in National income; Demographic Features
Poverty and Inequalities; Occupational Structure and Unemployment
Various Schemes of employment generation and eradication of poverty
Issues in Rural and Urban Development; Labour Migration: Challenges and Measures

Unit 3: Agricultural and Industrial Developments

Indian Agriculture: Agricultural Reforms, Agricultural Strategies and Agricultural
Policy
Agricultural Credit; Agricultural Price Policy & MSP
Indian Industry: Economic Reforms and New Industrial Policy
Industrial Development Programs: Make-in India, Start-up, Stand-up, Industrial
Corridors

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Unit 4 Indian Public Finance
Indian Tax System and Recent changes ; GST and its impact on Commerce and
Industry
Centre, States Financial relations; Recommendations of Recent Finance Commission
Fiscal Policy: Status and Issues in Public Expenditure and Public Revenue
Status and Issues in Public Debt and Budget Deficits; Analysis of Latest Budget

Unit- 5 Andhra Pradesh Economy

Basic characteristics of Andhra Pradesh economy after bifurcation in 2014; Impact of
bifurcation on the Economy
Challenges in industrial Development and new initiatives
Challenges in Agriculture and Rural Development and new Initiatives
Social Welfare Programmes and other measures to address Issues of Poverty and
Unemployment; Skill Development Initiatives

References:
1. Dhingra, I.C., Indian Economy, Sultan Chand, New Delhi, 2014.
2.
S.Chand& Co., 2016
3. G. M. Meier, Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University Press, New
York,
4. P. K. Dhar, Indian Economy: Its Growing Dimensions, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,
2018.
5. Reserve Bank of India, Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy (Latest).
6. S.K.Misra&V,K,Puri, Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House, 2015. 8. R.S.Rao,
7. A.P Economy- Telugu Academy, 2018
8. Economic Surveys

Suggested Activities:

Unit-1: Assignments on features and structural changes of Indian economy

Unit-2: Group Project on issues of poverty, unemployment and inequality and make
suggestions
Unit-3: Quiz on Agriculture and Industrial sectors
Unit-4: Group discussions to issues of taxation, public expenditure, Public debt, budget
Unit-5: Seminar topics in AP economy and filed visits to industry or agriculture in local
area submit a report

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 10. STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ECONOMICS

Course Objectives: The course teaches students the basics of statistics with a special focus
on its day-to-day applications in economics. It sets a necessary foundation for the
econometrics courses and courses in advanced microeconomic theory within the Honours
programme.

Course Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the course, the student is expected to demonstrate the following cognitive
abilities and psychomotor skills:

CO1: Understand the nature of statistics and able to collect data using questionnaire
CO2: Draws critical diagrams and graphs for presentation of data
CO3: Calculates and Analyses Averages and Dispersions using given data and information
CO4: Explains the uses of correlation and regression analysis, time series and index
numbers in economic analysis.
CO5: Calculate index numbers

Unit 1: Introduction to Statistics

Nature and Definition of Statistics, scope, importance and limitations of Statistics
Primary and Secondary data
Census and Sampling techniques and their merits and demerits
Schedule and questionnaire, Collection of data
Applications in economics

Unit 2: Diagrammatic Analysis

Data: Meaning and Types; Frequency distribution
Tabulation, Graphical presentation of data: Line graph, Histogram, Frequency
Polygon, Cumulative Frequency Curves
Diagrammatic presentation of data: Line, Bar, Pie Diagrams
MS.Excel for Diagrammatic Analysis; Applications in economics

Unit 3: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Averages: Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean
Dispersion: Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation,
Coefficient of Variation
MS.Excel for Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion; Applications in
economics

Unit 4: Correlation and Regression

Correlation: Concept, Definition and Use

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 Correlation
Regression: Concept, Definition, Use, Regression Equations, Demand forecasting
MS Excel for Correlation and Regression; Applications in economics

Unit 5: Time Series and Index Numbers

Time Series: Definition and Components; Measurement of Time Series: Moving
Average and the Least Squares Method

Uses and Limitations of Index Numbers

MS Excel for Index Numbers; Applications in economics

References:
1. B. R. Bhat, T. Srivenkataramana and K.S. MadhavaRao (1996): Statistics: A

2. Goon A.M, Gupta M.K., Das Gupta B. (1991), Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
3.

4. S.P. Gupta, Statistical Methods , S. Chand & Co, 1985

5. Telugu Akademy Book, ParimanathmakaPaddathulu (For B.A.).

Suggested Activities:

Unit-1: Assignments of the application of various statistical methods

Unit-2: Student Seminar on themes requiring usage of tables, diagrams, statistical
analysis and interpretation
Unit-3: Group project work for collection of data on locally relevant economic
problems
Unit-4: Exercise on calculation of correlation and regression using Excel.
Unit-5: Chart Preparation on formulas of different index numbers.

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 11. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS

Course Objective: This Course aims to develop a systematic understanding of the key
concepts and theories in international economics, enabling them to critically evaluate the
impact of trade policies on national economies and welfare.

Course Learning Outcomes:

After completing the course, the student shall be able to achieve the following outcomes:

CO1: Explain the importance and concepts of international trade

CO2: Make a critical analysis of the theories of international trade
CO3: Explain changes in the methods of determining exchange rates
CO4: Analyse the effects of Trade Barriers and protectionism in International Trade.
CO5
Unit - 1: Introduction to Theory of International Trade
International Trade (IT): Meaning and Importance; Gains from Trade, Free Trade vs
Restricted Trade
Offer Curves: Meaning, Properties; Trade Elasticity
Terms of Trade (ToT): Concept, Types, Equilibrium
Opportunity Costs in IT; Trade Multiplier
Unit - 2: Theories of International Trade
Classical Trade Theories: Absolute Advantage Theory, Comparative Advantage
theory
Modern Trade Theories: Heckscher-Ohlin Factor Endowments Theory, Leontief
Paradox, Stopler-Samuelson Theorem
Other Trade Theories: Prebisch-
Myrdal Trade Theory in brief

Unit - 3: Exchange Rates and BOP Mechanism

Exchange Rates: Meaning and Types; Changes in Exchange Rates: Devaluation &
Revaluation, Depreciation & Appreciation
Factors and Determination of Exchange Rate Purchasing Power Parity
Balance of Payments (BoP): Definition, Composition, Equilibrium and
Disequilibrium
BoP Adjustment Mechanisms; Policy Assignment Problems and Mundel Model in
brief

Unit- 4: Trade Barriers and International Finance

Trade Barriers: Tariffs, Quotas, Subsidies, Dumping & Anti-Dumping, Price
Discrimination, Effects of Trade Barriers

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 Optimum Tariff: Theory and Formula; Effective Rate of Protection; New
Protectionism
Role of International Finance in Trade; Role of World Bank and IMF in International
Trade and Finance

Unit-
Multilateralism: Concept, GATT & WTO
Forms of Economic Cooperation: Free Trade Area, Customs Union and Common
Market
ernational Trade: Trade Volume, Composition, Direction, BoP, Forex
Reserves

References:

1.
2. Krugman, P., Obstfeld, M. and

3. Cherunilam. F (2016), International Economics, The McGraw-Hill, New Delhi

4. Open Source Online Materials & Videos: IGNOU, e-PG Pathasala, SWAYM, Khan
Academy etc.
5. Websites of WTO, IMF, WB, Ministry of Commerce, DPIIT, Govt of India

Suggested Activities:
Unit-1: Assignments and Student Seminars on theories of International Trade.

Unit-2: Web Assignments on economic cooperation and economic clusters

Unit-3: Poster presentations on free trade and protection

Unit-4: Debate on Indian trade and current trends

Unit-5: Workshop on DGFT sops for beginning export/import business

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